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Yin C, Evason KJ, Asahina K, Stainier DYR. Hepatic stellate cells in liver development, regeneration, and cancer. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:1902-10. [PMID: 23635788 DOI: 10.1172/jci66369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 517] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells are liver-specific mesenchymal cells that play vital roles in liver physiology and fibrogenesis. They are located in the space of Disse and maintain close interactions with sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatic epithelial cells. It is becoming increasingly clear that hepatic stellate cells have a profound impact on the differentiation, proliferation, and morphogenesis of other hepatic cell types during liver development and regeneration. In this Review, we summarize and evaluate the recent advances in our understanding of the formation and characteristics of hepatic stellate cells, as well as their function in liver development, regeneration, and cancer. We also discuss how improved knowledge of these processes offers new perspectives for the treatment of patients with liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyue Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Programs in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Genetics and Human Genetics, Liver Center and Diabetes Center, Institute for Regeneration Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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105
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Lemoinne S, Cadoret A, El Mourabit H, Thabut D, Housset C. Origins and functions of liver myofibroblasts. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:948-54. [PMID: 23470555 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myofibroblasts combine the matrix-producing functions of fibroblasts and the contractile properties of smooth muscle cells. They are the main effectors of fibrosis in all tissues and make a major contribution to other aspects of the wound healing response, including regeneration and angiogenesis. They display the de novo expression of α-smooth muscle actin. Myofibroblasts, which are absent from the normal liver, are derived from two major sources: hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and portal mesenchymal cells in the injured liver. Reliable markers for distinguishing between the two subpopulations at the myofibroblast stage are currently lacking, but there is evidence to suggest that both myofibroblast cell types, each exposed to a particular microenvironment (e.g. hypoxia for HSC-MFs, ductular reaction for portal mesenchymal cell-derived myofibroblasts (PMFs)), expand and exert specialist functions, in scarring and inflammation for PMFs, and in vasoregulation and hepatocellular healing for HSC-MFs. Angiogenesis is a major mechanism by which myofibroblasts contribute to the progression of fibrosis in liver disease. It has been clearly demonstrated that liver fibrosis can regress, and this process involves a deactivation of myofibroblasts, although probably not to a fully quiescent phenotype. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Fibrosis: Translation of basic research to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lemoinne
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Paris, France; INSERM, U938, CdR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
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106
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Liu C, Billadeau DD, Abdelhakim H, Leof E, Kaibuchi K, Bernabeu C, Bloom GS, Yang L, Boardman L, Shah VH, Kang N. IQGAP1 suppresses TβRII-mediated myofibroblastic activation and metastatic growth in liver. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:1138-56. [PMID: 23454766 PMCID: PMC3582119 DOI: 10.1172/jci63836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment, TGF-β induces transdifferentiation of quiescent pericytes and related stromal cells into myofibroblasts that promote tumor growth and metastasis. The mechanisms governing myofibroblastic activation remain poorly understood, and its role in the tumor microenvironment has not been explored. Here, we demonstrate that IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) binds to TGF-β receptor II (TβRII) and suppresses TβRII-mediated signaling in pericytes to prevent myofibroblastic differentiation in the tumor microenvironment. We found that TGF-β1 recruited IQGAP1 to TβRII in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the resident liver pericytes. Iqgap1 knockdown inhibited the targeting of the E3 ubiquitin ligase SMAD ubiquitination regulatory factor 1 (SMURF1) to the plasma membrane and TβRII ubiquitination and degradation. Thus, Iqgap1 knockdown stabilized TβRII and potentiated TGF-β1 transdifferentiation of pericytes into myofibroblasts in vitro. Iqgap1 deficiency in HSCs promoted myofibroblast activation, tumor implantation, and metastatic growth in mice via upregulation of paracrine signaling molecules. Additionally, we found that IQGAP1 expression was downregulated in myofibroblasts associated with human colorectal liver metastases. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that IQGAP1 in the tumor microenvironment suppresses TβRII and TGF-β dependent myofibroblastic differentiation to constrain tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Liu
- GI Research Unit and Cancer Cell Biology Program,
Department of Immunology, and
Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), and Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
Department of Biology and Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Daniel D. Billadeau
- GI Research Unit and Cancer Cell Biology Program,
Department of Immunology, and
Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), and Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
Department of Biology and Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Haitham Abdelhakim
- GI Research Unit and Cancer Cell Biology Program,
Department of Immunology, and
Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), and Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
Department of Biology and Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Edward Leof
- GI Research Unit and Cancer Cell Biology Program,
Department of Immunology, and
Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), and Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
Department of Biology and Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- GI Research Unit and Cancer Cell Biology Program,
Department of Immunology, and
Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), and Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
Department of Biology and Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Carmelo Bernabeu
- GI Research Unit and Cancer Cell Biology Program,
Department of Immunology, and
Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), and Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
Department of Biology and Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - George S. Bloom
- GI Research Unit and Cancer Cell Biology Program,
Department of Immunology, and
Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), and Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
Department of Biology and Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Liu Yang
- GI Research Unit and Cancer Cell Biology Program,
Department of Immunology, and
Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), and Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
Department of Biology and Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Lisa Boardman
- GI Research Unit and Cancer Cell Biology Program,
Department of Immunology, and
Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), and Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
Department of Biology and Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Vijay H. Shah
- GI Research Unit and Cancer Cell Biology Program,
Department of Immunology, and
Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), and Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
Department of Biology and Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Ningling Kang
- GI Research Unit and Cancer Cell Biology Program,
Department of Immunology, and
Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), and Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
Department of Biology and Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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107
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Willemin G, Roger C, Bauduret A, Minehira K. Major Histocompatibility Class II Pathway Is Not Required for the Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013:972962. [PMID: 23710178 PMCID: PMC3655579 DOI: 10.1155/2013/972962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms within major histocompatibility class II (MHC II) genes have been associated with an increased risk of drug-induced liver injury. However, it has never been addressed whether the MHC II pathway plays an important role in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, the most common form of liver disease. We used a mouse model that has a complete knockdown of genes in the MHC II pathway (MHCII(Δ/Δ)). Firstly we studied the effect of high-fat diet-induced hepatic inflammation in these mice. Secondly we studied the development of carbon-tetra-chloride- (CCl4-) induced hepatic cirrhosis. After the high-fat diet, both groups developed obesity and hepatic steatosis with a similar degree of hepatic inflammation, suggesting no impact of the knockdown of MHC II on high-fat diet-induced inflammation in mice. In the second study, we confirmed that the CCl4 injection significantly upregulated the MHC II genes in wild-type mice. The CCl4 treatment significantly induced genes related to the fibrosis formation in wild-type mice, whereas this was lower in MHCII(Δ/Δ) mice. The liver histology, however, showed no detectable difference between groups, suggesting that the MHC II pathway is not required for the development of hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Willemin
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 7, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Roger
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Armelle Bauduret
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kaori Minehira
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 7, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
- *Kaori Minehira:
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