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Kodedová M, Sychrová H. Synthetic antimicrobial peptides of the halictines family disturb the membrane integrity of Candida cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1851-1858. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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102
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Rajchakit U, Sarojini V. Recent Developments in Antimicrobial-Peptide-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:2673-2686. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Urawadee Rajchakit
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vijayalekshmi Sarojini
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019 Auckland, New Zealand
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103
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Carrillo W, Gómez-Ruiz JA, Ruiz AL, Carvalho JE. Antiproliferative Activity of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Proteins and Walnut Protein Hydrolysates. J Med Food 2017; 20:1063-1067. [PMID: 28945497 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins from Juglans regia L. were isolated. Then, proteins were hydrolyzed with different enzymes. Antiproliferative activity of proteins and of the protein hydrolysates of J. regia L. were evaluated using the sulforhodamine B method. Glutelin and prolamin proteins presented a high antiproliferative activity against cancer cells PC-3 (prostate) and K-562 (leukemia) with values of 43.9 and 84.4 μg/mL, respectively. The highest inhibitory effect observed was 50% at 0.25 μg/mL concentration in gastrointestinal digestion with pepsin and corolase pp in a dose-dependent manner against cancer cell UACC62 (melanoma). Pepsin hydrolysate showed inhibitory effects against cancer cell UACC62 (melanoma) with a concentration of 71.0 μg/mL. The effects were studied in a dose-dependent manner. The hydrolysate obtained with neutrase enzyme presented inhibitory effects against cancer cell UACC62 (melanoma) at a concentration of 25 μg/mL. Neither proteins nor protein hydrolysates presented cytotoxicity against normal cell assay VERO (epithelial).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilman Carrillo
- 1 Laboratory of Functional Foods, Faculty of Foods Science and Engineering, Technical University of Ambato , Ambato, Ecuador .,2 Research Department Faculty of Health and Human Sciences, Bolivar State University , Guaranda, Ecuador
| | - José Angel Gómez-Ruiz
- 3 Research Institute of Food Science (CIAL), (CSIC-UAM), Cantoblanco Campus, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Lucia Ruiz
- 4 CPQBA, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Paulínia, Brazil
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104
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Langer MN, Blodkamp S, Bayerbach M, Feßler AT, de Buhr N, Gutsmann T, Kreienbrock L, Schwarz S, von Köckritz-Blickwede M. Testing cathelicidin susceptibility of bacterial mastitis isolates: Technical challenges and data output for clinical isolates. Vet Microbiol 2017; 210:107-115. [PMID: 29103679 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis caused by bacterial pathogens, such as Staphylococcus (S.) aureus and Escherichia (E.) coli, is a major economic problem in dairy industry. In order to limit the presence of multi-resistant bacteria in bovine mastitis, alternatives for the treatment with antibiotics are urgently needed. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have recently been discussed as a potential new strategy against bacterial infections. They are key players in the innate immune system, as they can directly act against microorganisms or modulate the immune system. The aim of our study was to test S. aureus and E. coli mastitis isolates for their susceptibility to the bovine cathelicidins, BMAP-27 and BMAP-28. Susceptibility testing was performed in analogy to the broth microdilution criteria described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) to determine MICs of 50 clinical S. aureus and 50 clinical E. coli isolates for BMAP-27 and BMAP-28. Based on the repetitive testing of four well-selected reference strains, the homogeneity of MIC variances for each peptide as well as the effect of temperature, oxygen level and plastic polymers on MIC testing was determined. Statistical analysis revealed not only strong peptide-specific variances, but also strain-specific variances in the technical procedure. Finally, using this technique, susceptibility testing of the field isolates revealed statistically significant peptide-specific differences in the MICs. While BMAP-27 showed lower MICs for E. coli, BMAP-28 showed lower MICs for S. aureus. However, these results clearly illustrate the need of susceptibility testing of AMPs on several unrelated strains and not only on one selected test organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa N Langer
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany; Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefanie Blodkamp
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Bayerbach
- Institute for Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, WHO-Collaborating Center for Research and Training for Health at the Human-Animal-Environment Interface, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrea T Feßler
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Center for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole de Buhr
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany; Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Gutsmann
- Research Group Biophysics, Research Centre Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Lothar Kreienbrock
- Institute for Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, WHO-Collaborating Center for Research and Training for Health at the Human-Animal-Environment Interface, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Center for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany; Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
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105
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Anti-inflammatory activity of cecropin-A2 from Musca domestica. Microb Pathog 2017; 110:637-644. [PMID: 28735081 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of Musca domestica cecropin-A2 (Mdc-A2) toward Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) to learn more about their immunological functions. RAW264.7 cells were transfected with recombinant lentiviruses introduce pLEX-Mdc-A2into the RAW264.7 cell line (RAW-Mdc-A2). The RAW264.7 cell line with empty pLEX (RAW-pLEX) was produced in the same manner as a negative control. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was performed to analyze the mRNA expression of TNF-a, IL-1β, NFκB-1 and NFκB-2 in S. aureus-stimulated RAW-Mdc-A2 cells and RAW-pLEX cells in untreated cells and cells treated for 3 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h. RT-PCR was performed to analyze the mRNA expression of TNF-a, NFκB-1 and NFκB-2 stimulated by Lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Production of TNF-a was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Colony counts were used to calculate the number of CFU per mL of cell culture supernatants. The results showed that compared to RAW-pLEX cells, stable transfection of Mdc-A2 in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by S. aureus significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of TNF-a transcript variant 1 (TNF-a-tv-1) at 6 h and 12 h and the mRNA expression of TNF-a transcript variant 2 (TNF-a-tv-2) at 3 h, 6 h and 12 h. Compared to RAW-pLEX cells, stable transfection of Mdc-A2 in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by S. aureus significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of IL-1β-T at 3 h, 6 h and 12 h as well as the mRNA expression of IL-1β at 3 h and 6 h. The expression and production of TNF-a and bacterial burden of cell culture supernatants were significantly down-regulated in RAW-Mdc-A2 cells stimulated by S. aureus, and the expression and production of TNF-a were significantly down-regulated in RAW-Mdc-A2 cells stimulated by LTA. Compared to RAW-pLEX cells, stable transfection of Mdc-A2 in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by S. aureus significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of NFκB-1 at 3 h, 6 h and 12 h as well as the mRNA expression of NFκB-2 at 6 h. Additionally, stable transfection of Mdc-A2 in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LTA significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of NFκB-1. In conclusion, Mdc-A2 possesses potent anti-inflammatory activity and potent antimicrobial activity. Additionally, Mdc-A2 may interact with LTA and execute strong anti-inflammatory activity by blocking the activation of NF-κB signaling pathways.
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106
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Kolar SS, Baidouri H, McDermott AM. Role of Pattern Recognition Receptors in the Modulation of Antimicrobial Peptide Expression in the Corneal Epithelial Innate Response to F. solani. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:2463-2472. [PMID: 28460048 PMCID: PMC5413214 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Fusarium solani (F. solani) keratitis is a potentially sight-threatening fungal infection of the cornea. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), such as human β-defensins (hBDs) and cathelicidins, essential components of the immune system, likely have a protective role against F. solani keratitis. We examined the role of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), Dectin-1, and TLR2 in F. solani–induced modulation of AMP expression in vitro. Methods Human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) were exposed to heat-inactivated F. solani or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of F. solani (Zymosan or Zymosan Depleted) for 6, 12, or 24 hours following which AMP mRNA and protein levels were determined. Involvement of TLR2 and Dectin-1 was confirmed by using siRNA knock-down (TLR2 and Dectin-1) or chemical inhibitor BAY 61-3606 (Dectin-1). The functional significance of AMP upregulation was tested using culture supernatant from F. solani or PAMP-treated HCECs against F. solani in the presence of hBD2 or LL37 neutralizing antibody. Results We confirm that HCECs express Dectin-1 and TLR2. HCECs demonstrated upregulation of AMPs hBD2 and cathelicidin LL37 following exposure to heat-inactivated F. solani or PAMPs. TLR2 and Dectin-1 knockdown and BAY 61-3606 treatment decreased AMP mRNA upregulation confirming PRR involvement. The culture supernatant from F. solani or PAMP-treated HCECs showed substantial killing of F. solani and hBD2 or LL37 neutralizing antibody significantly decreased this effect implicating involvement of these AMPs. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that Dectin-1 and TLR2 have an important role in regulating F. solani-induced AMP expression in corneal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Sree Kolar
- The Ocular Surface Institute, University of Houston, College of Optometry, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Hasna Baidouri
- The Ocular Surface Institute, University of Houston, College of Optometry, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Alison M McDermott
- The Ocular Surface Institute, University of Houston, College of Optometry, Houston, Texas, United States
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107
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Lozeau LD, Grosha J, Kole D, Prifti F, Dominko T, Camesano TA, Rolle MW. Collagen tethering of synthetic human antimicrobial peptides cathelicidin LL37 and its effects on antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity. Acta Biomater 2017; 52:9-20. [PMID: 28017866 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Wound infections, particularly of chronic wounds, pose a substantial challenge for designing antimicrobial dressings that are both effective against pathogens, and do not interfere with wound healing. Due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities, naturally-occurring antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising alternative treatments. However, their cytotoxicity at high concentrations and poor stability hinders their clinical use. To mitigate these undesirable properties, we investigated the effects of tethering human AMP cathelicidin LL37 to collagen, one of the main extracellular matrix proteins in wound sites, secreted by fibroblasts, and in commercially-available wound dressings. The active domain of human AMP cathelicidin, LL37, and two chimeric peptides containing LL37 fused to collagen binding domains (derived from collagenase - cCBD-LL37 or fibronectin - fCBD-LL37) were synthesized and adsorbed to PURACOL® type I collagen scaffolds. After 14days, 73%, 81% and 99% of LL37, cCBD-LL37 and fCBD-LL37, respectively, was retained on the scaffolds and demonstrated undiminished antimicrobial activity when challenged with both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Loaded scaffolds were not cytotoxic to fibroblasts despite retaining peptides at concentrations 24 times higher than the reported cytotoxic concentrations in solution. These findings indicate that biopolymer-tethered AMPs may represent a viable alternative for preventing and treating wound infection while also supporting tissue repair. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Over 6.5million people annually in the United States suffer chronic wounds; many will become infected with antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Treatments used to prevent and fight infection are toxic and may hinder wound healing. AMPs are broad-spectrum antimicrobials that also promote healing; however, their instability and toxicity are major challenges. To overcome treatment gaps, we functionalized collagen scaffolds with chimeric antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with collagen binding domains to create antimicrobial and non-cytotoxic scaffolds that may promote healing. This is the first report of CBD-mediated delivery of AMPs onto collagen scaffolds that demonstrates no cytotoxicity toward fibroblasts. This study also suggests that retention of antimicrobial activity is CBD-dependent, which provides foundations for fundamental studies of CBD-AMP mechanisms and clinical explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay D Lozeau
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, United States
| | - Jonian Grosha
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy; Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, United States
| | - Denis Kole
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, United States; Dept. of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, United States
| | - Fioleda Prifti
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, United States; Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, United States
| | - Tanja Dominko
- Dept. of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, United States; Center for Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska cesta, 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Terri A Camesano
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, United States
| | - Marsha W Rolle
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, United States.
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108
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Baumann T, Nickling JH, Bartholomae M, Buivydas A, Kuipers OP, Budisa N. Prospects of In vivo Incorporation of Non-canonical Amino Acids for the Chemical Diversification of Antimicrobial Peptides. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:124. [PMID: 28210246 PMCID: PMC5288337 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of non-canonical amino acids (ncAA) is an elegant way for the chemical diversification of recombinantly produced antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Residue- and site-specific installation methods in several bacterial production hosts hold great promise for the generation of new-to-nature AMPs, and can contribute to tackle the ongoing emergence of antibiotic resistance in pathogens. Especially from a pharmacological point of view, desirable improvements span pH and protease resistance, solubility, oral availability and circulation half-life. Although the primary focus of this report is on ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs), we have included selected cases of peptides produced by solid phase peptide synthesis to comparatively show the potential and impact of ncAA introduction. Generally speaking, the introduction of ncAAs in recombinant AMPs delivers novel levels of chemical diversification. Cotranslationally incorporated, they can take part in AMP biogenesis either through direction interaction with elements of the post-translational modification (PTM) machinery or as untargeted sites with unique physicochemical properties and chemical handles for further modification. Together with genetic libraries, genome mining and processing by PTM machineries, ncAAs present not a mere addition to this process, but a highly diverse pool of building blocks to significantly broaden the chemical space of this valuable class of molecules. This perspective summarizes new developments of ncAA containing peptides. Challenges to be resolved in order to reach large-scale pharmaceutical production of these promising compounds and prospects for future developments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Baumann
- Biocatalysis Group, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin (Berlin Institute of Technology) Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica H Nickling
- Biocatalysis Group, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin (Berlin Institute of Technology) Berlin, Germany
| | - Maike Bartholomae
- Molecular Genetics Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (University of Groningen) Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Andrius Buivydas
- Molecular Genetics Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (University of Groningen) Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Oscar P Kuipers
- Molecular Genetics Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (University of Groningen) Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Nediljko Budisa
- Biocatalysis Group, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin (Berlin Institute of Technology) Berlin, Germany
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Meng DM, Zhao JF, Ling X, Dai HX, Guo YJ, Gao XF, Dong B, Zhang ZQ, Meng X, Fan ZC. Recombinant expression, purification and antimicrobial activity of a novel antimicrobial peptide PaDef in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 130:90-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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111
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Molchanova N, Hansen PR, Damborg P, Nielsen HM, Franzyk H. Lysine-Based α-Peptide/β-Peptoid Peptidomimetics: Influence of Hydrophobicity, Fluorination, and Distribution of Cationic Charge on Antimicrobial Activity and Cytotoxicity. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:312-318. [PMID: 28052595 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacteria pose a serious threat to public health worldwide. Previously, α-peptide/β-peptoid hybrid oligomers were found to display activity against Gram-negative multidrug-resistant bacteria. In the present work, the influence of hydrophobicity, fluorination, and distribution of cationic/hydrophobic residues on antimicrobial, hemolytic, and cytotoxic properties of α-peptide/β-peptoid hybrids were investigated. An array of 22 peptidomimetics was tested. Analogues with enhanced hydrophobicity were found to exhibit increased activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Incorporation of fluorinated residues into the peptidomimetics conferred increased potency against Gram-positive bacteria, while hemolytic properties and activity against Gram-negative bacteria depended on the degree and type of fluorination. Generally, shorter oligomers were less potent than the corresponding longer analogues. However, some short analogues exhibited equal or higher antimicrobial activity. The alternating hydrophobic/cationic design proved superior to other distribution patterns of cationic side chains and hydrophobic moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Molchanova
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul R Hansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Damborg
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Hanne M Nielsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Franzyk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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He F, Mai LH, Gardères J, Hussain A, Erakovic Haber V, Bourguet-Kondracki ML. Major Antimicrobial Representatives from Marine Sponges and/or Their Associated Bacteria. BLUE BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 55:35-89. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-51284-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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113
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Sayegh RSR, Batista IDFC, de Melo RL, Riske KA, Daffre S, Montich G, da Silva Junior PI. Longipin: An Amyloid Antimicrobial Peptide from the Harvestman Acutisoma longipes (Arachnida: Opiliones) with Preferential Affinity for Anionic Vesicles. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167953. [PMID: 27997568 PMCID: PMC5172563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to vertebrate immune systems, invertebrates lack an adaptive response and rely solely on innate immunity in which antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play an essential role. Most of them are membrane active molecules that are typically unstructured in solution and adopt secondary/tertiary structures upon binding to phospholipid bilayers. This work presents the first characterization of a constitutive AMP from the hemolymph of an Opiliones order animal: the harvestman Acutisoma longipes. This peptide was named longipin. It presents 18 aminoacid residues (SGYLPGKEYVYKYKGKVF) and a positive net charge at neutral pH. No similarity with other AMPs was observed. However, high sequence similarity with heme-lipoproteins from ticks suggested that longipin might be a protein fragment. The synthetic peptide showed enhanced antifungal activity against Candida guilliermondii and C. tropicalis yeasts (MIC: 3.8–7.5 μM) and did not interfered with VERO cells line viability at all concentrations tested (200–0.1 μM). This selectivity against microbial cells is related to the highest affinity of longipin for anionic charged vesicles (POPG:POPC) compared to zwitterionic ones (POPC), once microbial plasma membrane are generally more negatively charged compared to mammalian cells membrane. Dye leakage from carboxyfluorescein-loaded POPG:POPC vesicles suggested that longipin is a membrane active antimicrobial peptide and FT-IR spectroscopy showed that the peptide chain is mainly unstructured in solution or in the presence of POPC vesicles. However, upon binding to POPG:POPC vesicles, the FT-IR spectrum showed bands related to β-sheet and amyloid-like fibril conformations in agreement with thioflavin-T binding assays, indicating that longipin is an amyloid antimicrobial peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Santa Rosa Sayegh
- Programa Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (RSSS); (PISJ)
| | - Isabel de Fátima Correia Batista
- Unidade de Sequenciamento de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Robson Lopes de Melo
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karin A. Riske
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sirlei Daffre
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guillermo Montich
- Centro de Investigaciones en Quimica Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC, UNC-CONICET), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pedro Ismael da Silva Junior
- Programa Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (RSSS); (PISJ)
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114
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Shi X, Zhang X, Yao Q, He F. A novel method for the rapid detection of microbes in blood using pleurocidin antimicrobial peptide functionalized piezoelectric sensor. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 133:69-75. [PMID: 27932084 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The rapid detection of microbes is critical in clinical diagnosis and food safety. Culture-dependent assays are the most widely used microbial detection methods, but these assays are time-consuming. In this study, a rapid microbial detection method was proposed using a pleurocidin/single-walled carbon nanotubes/interdigital electrode-multichannel series piezoelectric quartz crystal (pleurocidin/SWCNT/IDE-MSPQC) sensor. The selected pleurocidin antimicrobial peptide served as a recognition probe that exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and the SWCNT acted as the electronic transducer and cross-linker for the immobilization of pleurocidin on the IDE. The response mechanism of the sensor was based on the specific interaction between pleurocidin and the microbe causing pleurocidin to detach from the SWCNT modified IDE, resulting in a sensitive frequency shift response of the MSPQC. Microbes that may be clinically present in the bloodstream during an infection were successfully detected by the proposed method within 15min. The developed strategy provides a new universal platform for the rapid detection of microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Department of Chemistry, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan 030000, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Qiongqiong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Fengjiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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Chionis K, Krikorian D, Koukkou AI, Sakarellos-Daitsiotis M, Panou-Pomonis E. Synthesis and biological activity of lipophilic analogs of the cationic antimicrobial active peptide anoplin. J Pept Sci 2016; 22:731-736. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Chionis
- Department of Chemistry; University of Ioannina; 45110 Ioannina Greece
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116
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Irazazabal LN, Porto WF, Ribeiro SM, Casale S, Humblot V, Ladram A, Franco OL. Selective amino acid substitution reduces cytotoxicity of the antimicrobial peptide mastoparan. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:2699-2708. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Kasiri MM, Beer L, Nemec L, Gruber F, Pietkiewicz S, Haider T, Simader EM, Traxler D, Schweiger T, Janik S, Taghavi S, Gabriel C, Mildner M, Ankersmit HJ. Dying blood mononuclear cell secretome exerts antimicrobial activity. Eur J Clin Invest 2016; 46:853-63. [PMID: 27513763 PMCID: PMC5113772 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several activities are attributed to antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), including bacterial killing, leucocyte recruitment and angiogenesis. Despite promises of advanced cellular therapies for treatment of diabetic foot ulcer, it is currently accepted that paracrine factors rather than cellular components are causative for the observed effects. Whether AMPs are present in the mononuclear cell (MNC) secretome (MNC-sec) of white blood cells that are beneficial in experimental wound healing is not known. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antimicrobial activity of the secretomes of nonirradiated (MNC-sec) and γ-irradiated MNCs (MNC-sec rad) was analysed by microdilution assay. AMPs were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Whether human MNC-sec rad causes AMP secretion in vivo was examined in an experimental rat model. Image flow cytometry was used to determine the type of cell death induced in MNCs after exposure to γ-radiation. RESULTS The antimicrobial activity assay revealed a bactericidal activity of MNC-sec rad and to a lesser degree also of MNC-sec. Image flow cytometry showed that γ-irradiation of MNCs induced early apoptosis followed mainly by necroptosis. RT-PCR and ELISA revealed a high abundance of different AMPs in the secretome of MNCs. In addition, human MNC-sec elicited an increase in de novo endogenous AMP production in rats in vivo. CONCLUSION We provide evidence that the secretome of MNCs has direct and indirect positive effects on the immune defence system, including augmentation of antibacterial properties. Our data further suggest that necroptosis could play a key role for the release of paracrine factors and the therapeutic action of MNC-sec rad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Kasiri
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucian Beer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucas Nemec
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Pietkiewicz
- Translational Inflammation Research, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Haider
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Maria Simader
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Denise Traxler
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Schweiger
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Janik
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shahrokh Taghavi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Michael Mildner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Hendrik Jan Ankersmit
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Vienna, Austria. .,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. .,Head FFG Project 852748 'APOSEC', Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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118
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The importance of cyclic structure for Labaditin on its antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 148:453-459. [PMID: 27665378 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has reached alarming levels in many countries, thus leading to a search for new classes of antibiotics, such as antimicrobial peptides whose activity is exerted by interacting specifically with the microorganism membrane. In this study, we investigate the molecular-level mechanism of action for Labaditin (Lo), a 10-amino acid residue cyclic peptide from Jatropha multifida with known bactericidal activity against Streptococcus mutans. We show that Lo is also effective against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) but this does not apply to its linear analogue (L1). Using polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS), we observed with that the secondary structure of Lo was preserved upon interacting with Langmuir monolayers from a phospholipid mixture mimicking S. aureus membrane, in contrast to L1. This structure preservation for the rigid, cyclic Lo is key for the self-assembly of peptide nanotubes that induce pore formation in large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs), according to permeability assays and dynamic light scattering measurements. In summary, the comparison between Labaditin (Lo) and its linear analogue L1 allowed us to infer that the bactericidal activity of Lo is more related to its interaction with the membrane. It does not require specific metabolic targets, which makes cyclic peptides promising for antibiotics without bacteria resistance.
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Abstract
In recent years, the increase of invasive fungal infections and the emergence of antifungal resistance stressed the need for new antifungal drugs. Peptides have shown to be good candidates for the development of alternative antimicrobial agents through high-throughput screening, and subsequent optimization according to a rational approach. This review presents a brief overview on antifungal natural peptides of different sources (animals, plants, micro-organisms), peptide fragments derived by proteolytic cleavage of precursor physiological proteins (cryptides), synthetic unnatural peptides and peptide derivatives. Antifungal peptides are schematically reported based on their structure, antifungal spectrum and reported effects. Natural or synthetic peptides and their modified derivatives may represent the basis for new compounds active against fungal infections.
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120
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Production of a polar fish antimicrobial peptide in Escherichia coli using an ELP-intein tag. J Biotechnol 2016; 234:83-89. [PMID: 27485812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
An important aspect related to infectious pathogens is their exceptional adaptability in developing resistance, which leads to a perpetual challenge in the discovery of antimicrobial drugs with novel mechanisms of action. Among them, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) stand out as promising anti-infective molecules. In order to overcome the high costs associated with isolation from natural sources or chemical synthesis of AMPs we propose the expression of Pa-MAP 2, a polyalanine AMP. Pa-MAP 2 was fused to an ELP-intein tag where the ELP (Elastin-like polypeptide) was used to promote aggregation and fast and cost-effective isolation after expression, and the intein was used to stimulate a controlled AMP release. For these, the vector pET21a was used to produce Pa-MAP 2 fused to the N-termini region of a modified Mxe GyrA intein followed by 60 repetitions of ELP. Purified Pa-MAP 2 showed a MIC of 25μM against E. coli ATCC 8739. Batch fermentation demonstrated that Pa-MAP-2 can be produced in both rich and defined media at yields 50-fold higher than reported for other AMPs produced by the ELP-intein system, and in comparable yields to expression systems with protease or chemical cleavage.
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121
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Mukherjee RP, Beitle R, Jayanthi S, Kumar T, McNabb DS. Production of an anti-Candidapeptide via fed batch and ion exchange chromatography. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:865-71. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Beitle
- Ralph E. Martin Dept. of Chemical Engineering; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR
| | - Srinivas Jayanthi
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR
| | - T.K.S. Kumar
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR
| | - David S. McNabb
- Dept. of Biological Sciences; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR
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Wronska MA, O'Connor IB, Tilbury MA, Srivastava A, Wall JG. Adding Functions to Biomaterial Surfaces through Protein Incorporation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:5485-5508. [PMID: 27164952 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201504310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The concept of biomaterials has evolved from one of inert mechanical supports with a long-term, biologically inactive role in the body into complex matrices that exhibit selective cell binding, promote proliferation and matrix production, and may ultimately become replaced by newly generated tissues in vivo. Functionalization of material surfaces with biomolecules is critical to their ability to evade immunorecognition, interact productively with surrounding tissues and extracellular matrix, and avoid bacterial colonization. Antibody molecules and their derived fragments are commonly immobilized on materials to mediate coating with specific cell types in fields such as stent endothelialization and drug delivery. The incorporation of growth factors into biomaterials has found application in promoting and accelerating bone formation in osteogenerative and related applications. Peptides and extracellular matrix proteins can impart biomolecule- and cell-specificities to materials while antimicrobial peptides have found roles in preventing biofilm formation on devices and implants. In this progress report, we detail developments in the use of diverse proteins and peptides to modify the surfaces of hard biomaterials in vivo and in vitro. Chemical approaches to immobilizing active biomolecules are presented, as well as platform technologies for isolation or generation of natural or synthetic molecules suitable for biomaterial functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata A Wronska
- Microbiology and Center for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Iain B O'Connor
- Microbiology and Center for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Maura A Tilbury
- Microbiology and Center for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Akshay Srivastava
- Microbiology and Center for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - J Gerard Wall
- Microbiology and Center for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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123
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da Costa JP, Rocha-Santos T, Duarte AC. Analytical tools to assess aging in humans: The rise of geri-omics. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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124
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Reinhardt A, Neundorf I. Design and Application of Antimicrobial Peptide Conjugates. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E701. [PMID: 27187357 PMCID: PMC4881524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an interesting class of antibiotics characterized by their unique antibiotic activity and lower propensity for developing resistance compared to common antibiotics. They belong to the class of membrane-active peptides and usually act selectively against bacteria, fungi and protozoans. AMPs, but also peptide conjugates containing AMPs, have come more and more into the focus of research during the last few years. Within this article, recent work on AMP conjugates is reviewed. Different aspects will be highlighted as a combination of AMPs with antibiotics or organometallic compounds aiming to increase antibacterial activity or target selectivity, conjugation with photosensitizers for improving photodynamic therapy (PDT) or the attachment to particles, to name only a few. Owing to the enormous resonance of antimicrobial conjugates in the literature so far, this research topic seems to be very attractive to different scientific fields, like medicine, biology, biochemistry or chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Reinhardt
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47, D-50674 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Ines Neundorf
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47, D-50674 Cologne, Germany.
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125
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Insight into the molecular basis of Schistosoma haematobium-induced bladder cancer through urine proteomics. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11279-87. [PMID: 26951512 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4997-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection due to Schistosoma haematobium is carcinogenic. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying urogenital schistosomiasis (UGS)-induced carcinogenesis have not been well defined. Conceptually, early molecular detection of this phenomenon, through non-invasive procedures, seems feasible and is desirable. Previous analysis of urine collected during UGS suggests that estrogen metabolites, including depurinating adducts, may be useful for this purpose. Here, a new direction was pursued: the identification of molecular pathways and potential biomarkers in S. haematobium-induced bladder cancer by analyzing the proteome profiling of urine samples from UGS patients. GeLC-MS/MS followed by protein-protein interaction analysis indicated oxidative stress and immune defense systems responsible for microbicide activity are the most representative clusters in UGS patients. Proteins involved in immunity, negative regulation of endopeptidase activity, and inflammation were more prevalent in UGS patients with bladder cancer, whereas proteins with roles in renal system process, sensory perception, and gas and oxygen transport were more abundant in subjects with urothelial carcinoma not associated with UGS. These findings highlighted a Th2-type immune response induced by S. haematobium, which seems to be further modulated by tumorigenesis, resulting in high-grade bladder cancer characterized by an inflammatory response and complement activation alternative pathway. These findings established a starting point for the development of multimarker strategies for the early detection of UGS-induced bladder cancer.
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126
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Chapman A, Lindermayr C, Glawischnig E. Expression of antimicrobial peptides under control of a camalexin-biosynthetic promoter confers enhanced resistance against Pseudomonas syringae. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016; 122:76-80. [PMID: 26795461 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana phytoalexin biosynthesis is tightly regulated. The camalexin biosynthetic gene CYP71B15/PAD3 is highly expressed in response to pathogens and specific abiotic triggers, while constitutive expression is very low. Based on this property we expressed artificial antimicrobial peptides under control of the CYP71B15 promoter avoiding potential toxic effects to the plant related to constitutive expression. Significant and substantial growth inhibition of Pseudomonas syringae was observed, demonstrating that expression of these peptides under control of a phytoalexin promoter is an effective approach for enhancement of resistance against bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Lindermayr
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Erich Glawischnig
- Technische Universität München, LS Genetik, 85354 Freising, Germany.
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127
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Fan X, Fan J, Wang X, Wu P, Wu G. S-thanatin functionalized liposome potentially targeting on Klebsiella pneumoniae and its application in sepsis mouse model. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:249. [PMID: 26578959 PMCID: PMC4621865 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
S-thanatin (Ts) was a short antimicrobial peptide with selective antibacterial activity. In this study, we aimed to design a drug carrier with specific bacterial targeting potential. The positively charged Ts was modified onto the liposome surface by linking Ts to the constituent lipids via a PEG linker. The benefits of this design were evaluated by preparing a series of liposomes and comparing their biological effects in vitro and in vivo. The particle size and Zeta potential of the constructed liposomes were measured with a Zetasizer Nano ZS system and a confocal laser scanning microscope. The in vitro drug delivery potential was evaluated by measuring the cellular uptake of encapsulated levofloxacin using HPLC. Ts-linked liposome or its conjugates with quantum dots favored bacterial cells, and increased the bacterial uptake of levofloxacin. In antimicrobial assays, the Ts and levofloxacin combination showed a synergistic effect, and Ts-LPs-LEV exhibited excellent activity against the quality control stain Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603 and restored the susceptibility of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae clinical isolates to levofloxacin in vitro. Furthermore, Ts-LPs-LEV markedly reduced the lethality rate of the septic shock and resulted in rapid bacterial clearance in mouse models receiving clinical multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates. These results suggest that the Ts-functionalized liposome may be a promising antibiotic delivery system for clinical infectious disorders caused by MDR bacteria, in particular the sepsis related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Fan
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Zhongda Hospital, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
- Medical School, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Juxiang Fan
- Medical School, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiyong Wang
- Medical School, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Pengpeng Wu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Zhongda Hospital, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Guoqiu Wu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Zhongda Hospital, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
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128
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Blodkamp S, Kadlec K, Gutsmann T, Naim HY, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, Schwarz S. In vitro activity of human and animal cathelicidins against livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Vet Microbiol 2015; 194:107-111. [PMID: 26453316 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) is an important zoonotic pathogen. An emerging problem in treating S. aureus infections is the increasing resistance against antibiotics. A possible way to overcome this issue is to boost the host immune system and one target are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), especially cathelicidins. The aim of this study was to characterize the antimicrobial activity of cathelicidins from different animal species against LA-MRSA and to reveal whether major antimicrobial resistance mechanisms influence the bactericidal activity of these peptides. The MICs of 153 LA-MRSA field isolates for different cathelicidins (LL-37, mCRAMP, CAP18, BMAP-27 and BMAP-28) were analysed. The cathelicidin MICs of S. aureus RN4220 and isogenic transformants, that carried 14 functionally active antimicrobial resistance genes, were determined. These resistance genes have been identified in LA-MRSA and specify the resistance mechanisms active efflux, enzymatic inactivation and modification/protection/replacement of target sites. The data showed that mode MIC values for the cathelicidins did not differ among the LA-MRSA isolates of different animal origin. However, distinct differences were detected between the MIC values for the different cathelicidins. MIC values were lowest for bovine cathelicidins (BMAP-27 and BMAP-28) and highest for the human and mouse cathelicidins (LL-37 and mCRAMP). None of the tested antimicrobial resistance genes affected the antimicrobial activity of the cathelicidins. The findings obtained in this study support the hypothesis that cathelicidins might be a promising target to support the host defense against LA-MRSA, especially since the antimicrobial activity of these peptides is not affected by common staphylococcal antimicrobial resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Blodkamp
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University for Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany; Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany
| | - Kristina Kadlec
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany
| | - Thomas Gutsmann
- Research group Biophysics, Research Centre Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Hassan Y Naim
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University for Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University for Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany; Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University for Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany.
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129
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da Costa JP, Carvalhais V, Amado F, Silva A, Nogueira-Ferreira R, Ferreira R, Helguero L, Vitorino R. Anti-tumoral activity of human salivary peptides. Peptides 2015. [PMID: 26211891 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy continues to be the standard treatment for advanced or metastasized cancer. However, commonly used chemotherapeutic agents may induce damage in healthy cells and tissues. Thus, in recent years, there has been an increased focus on the development of new, efficient anticancer drugs exhibiting low toxicity and that are not affected by mechanisms of chemoresistance. In the present work, we tested synthetic and naturally obtained human salivary peptides against breast, prostate, colon, osteosarcoma and bladder cancer cell lines (T47-D, PC-3, HT-29, MG63, T-24, respectively). Results have showed that there is a reduced cell population increase that is peptide-, cell- and possibly pathway-specific, with the most potent effect observed in observed in T-47D breast cancer cells. Protein expression and microscopy results further indicate that, in this cell line, the peptide with the sequence GPPPQGGRPQG (GG peptide) interferes with the ability of cell adhesion proteins to stabilize adherens junctions, such as E-cadherin, leading to apoptosis. These promising results encourage future works aimed at disclosing the vast potential of salivary peptides as new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pinto da Costa
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Virginia Carvalhais
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Francisco Amado
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Artur Silva
- QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita Nogueira-Ferreira
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luísa Helguero
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Institute for Biomedicine-iBiMED, Health Sciences Program, University of Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Rui Vitorino
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Institute for Biomedicine-iBiMED, Health Sciences Program, University of Aveiro, Portugal.
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130
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Zhang L, Li X, Wei D, Wang J, Shan A, Li Z. Expression of plectasin in Bacillus subtilis using SUMO technology by a maltose-inducible vector. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 42:1369-76. [PMID: 26299602 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-015-1673-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Plectasin, the first fungus defensin, is especially efficient against Gram-positive bacteria. To explore an effective approach for expressing plectasin in Bacillus subtilis, the sequence encoding plectasin fused with the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) gene, the 6 × His gene and the signal peptide of SacB were cloned into an E. coli-B. subtilis shuttle vector pGJ148 in which the maltose utilization operon promoter Pglv directed the expression. The fusion protein successfully secreted in culture and approximately, 41 mg of the recombinant fusion protein SUMO-plectasin was purified per liter of culture supernatant. After purification by Ni-NTA resin column and digestion by SUMO protease, 5.5 mg of plectasin with a purity of 94 % was obtained from 1 L fermentation culture. Recombinant plectasin was found inhibition activity against S. pneumoniae, S. aureus and S. epidermidis. These results indicate that the maltose-induced expression system may be a safe and efficient way for the large-scale production of soluble peptides in B. subtilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licong Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiaodan Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Dandan Wei
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Zhongyu Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
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131
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Cheung RCF, Ng TB, Wong JH. Marine Peptides: Bioactivities and Applications. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:4006-43. [PMID: 26132844 PMCID: PMC4515606 DOI: 10.3390/md13074006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides are important bioactive natural products which are present in many marine species. These marine peptides have high potential nutraceutical and medicinal values because of their broad spectra of bioactivities. Their antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, antioxidative, cardioprotective (antihypertensive, antiatherosclerotic and anticoagulant), immunomodulatory, analgesic, anxiolytic anti-diabetic, appetite suppressing and neuroprotective activities have attracted the attention of the pharmaceutical industry, which attempts to design them for use in the treatment or prevention of various diseases. Some marine peptides or their derivatives have high commercial values and had reached the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical markets. A large number of them are already in different phases of the clinical and preclinical pipeline. This review highlights the recent research in marine peptides and the trends and prospects for the future, with special emphasis on nutraceutical and pharmaceutical development into marketed products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy Chi Fai Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jack Ho Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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NKCS, a Mutant of the NK-2 Peptide, Causes Severe Distortions and Perforations in Bacterial, But Not Human Model Lipid Membranes. Molecules 2015; 20:6941-58. [PMID: 25913932 PMCID: PMC6272639 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20046941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
NKCS is an improved mutant of the bioactive peptide NK-2, which shows strong activity against Escherichia coli and low toxicity towards human cells. The different activity demonstrates the relevance of the physico-chemical nature of the target membrane for the biological effect of this peptide. We studied the effect of this potent antimicrobial peptide on model membranes by activity studies, differential scanning calorimetry, single molecule tracking and tracer efflux experiments. We found that NKCS severely distorted, penetrated and perforated model lipid membranes that resembled bacterial membranes, but not those that were similar to human cell membranes. The interactions of NKCS with phosphatidylethanolamine, which is abundant in bacterial membranes, were especially strong and are probably responsible for its antimicrobial activity.
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