101
|
Hu Z, Ott PA, Wu CJ. Towards personalized, tumour-specific, therapeutic vaccines for cancer. Nat Rev Immunol 2017; 18:168-182. [PMID: 29226910 DOI: 10.1038/nri.2017.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 644] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines, which are designed to amplify tumour-specific T cell responses through active immunization, have long been envisioned as a key tool of effective cancer immunotherapy. Despite a clear rationale for such vaccines, extensive past efforts were unsuccessful in mediating clinically relevant antitumour activity in humans. Recently, however, next-generation sequencing and novel bioinformatics tools have enabled the systematic discovery of tumour neoantigens, which are highly desirable immunogens because they arise from somatic mutations of the tumour and are therefore tumour specific. As a result of the diversity of tumour neoepitopes between individuals, the development of personalized cancer vaccines is warranted. Here, we review the emerging field of personalized cancer vaccination and discuss recent developments and future directions for this promising treatment strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuting Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Patrick A Ott
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Mazur J, Roy K, Kanwar JR. Recent advances in nanomedicine and survivin targeting in brain cancers. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 13:105-137. [PMID: 29161215 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain cancer is a highly lethal disease, especially devastating toward both the elderly and children. This cancer has no therapeutics available to combat it, predominately due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) preventing treatments from maintaining therapeutic levels within the brain. Recently, nanoparticle technology has entered the forefront of cancer therapy due to its ability to deliver therapeutic effects while potentially passing physiological barriers. Key nanoparticles for brain cancer treatment include glutathione targeted PEGylated liposomes, gold nanoparticles, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and nanoparticle-albumin bound drugs, with these being discussed throughout this review. Recently, the survivin protein has gained attention as it is over-expressed in a majority of tumors. This review will briefly discuss the properties of survivin, while focusing on how both nanoparticles and survivin-targeting treatments hold potential as brain cancer therapies. This review may provide useful insight into new brain cancer treatment options, particularly survivin inhibition and nanomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jake Mazur
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology & Molecular Biomedical Research, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research (CMMR), School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong VIC 3217, Australia
| | - Kislay Roy
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology & Molecular Biomedical Research, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research (CMMR), School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong VIC 3217, Australia
| | - Jagat R Kanwar
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology & Molecular Biomedical Research, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research (CMMR), School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong VIC 3217, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Galbo PM, Ciesielski MJ, Figel S, Maguire O, Qiu J, Wiltsie L, Minderman H, Fenstermaker RA. Circulating CD9+/GFAP+/survivin+ exosomes in malignant glioma patients following survivin vaccination. Oncotarget 2017; 8:114722-114735. [PMID: 29383115 PMCID: PMC5777727 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma cells release exosomes in culture and into the extracellular matrix in vivo. These nanobodies transport an array of biomolecules and are capable of mediating cell-cell communication. Circulating exosomes in cancer patients may be indicative of disease status and response to therapy. The inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) survivin (SVN) promotes cancer cell proliferation, local immune suppression and resistance to chemotherapy and it is a potential cancer biomarker. We used imaging flow cytometry to perform quantitative measurements of circulating SVN+ exosomes in the serum of malignant glioma patients undergoing investigational treatment with an anti-survivin vaccine (SurVaxM). Serum from glioma patients contained abundant CD9+ exosomes with both SVN and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) on their surface. Survivin and GFAP were evaluated both independently and together as possible tumor markers on CD9+ exosomes. Patients with longer time to tumor progression generally exhibited a decrease in circulating CD9+/SVN+ and CD9+/GFAP+/SVN+ exosomes immediately following survivin vaccination; whereas, those with early tumor progression had an increase in exosomes, despite anti-survivin immunotherapy. Serum from non-cancer healthy control individuals had very few detectable CD9+/GFAP+/SVN+ exosomes, although CD9+/GFAP+ exosomes were detectable in small numbers. This study demonstrates that patients with malignant gliomas have CD9+/GFAP+/SVN+ and CD9+/SVN+ exosomes that are released into the circulation and that early reductions in their numbers following anti-survivin immunotherapy might be associated with longer progression-free survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip M Galbo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, 14263 USA
| | - Michael J Ciesielski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, 14263 USA.,Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, 14263 USA.,Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14214 USA
| | - Sheila Figel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, 14263 USA
| | - Orla Maguire
- Flow and Image Cytometry, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, 14263 USA
| | - Jingxin Qiu
- Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, 14263 USA
| | - Laura Wiltsie
- Pediatrics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, 14263 USA.,Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14214 USA
| | - Hans Minderman
- Flow and Image Cytometry, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, 14263 USA
| | - Robert A Fenstermaker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, 14263 USA.,Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, 14263 USA.,Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14214 USA
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Gao L, Chen B, Li J, Yang F, Cen X, Liao Z, Long X. Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway inhibits the proliferation and apoptosis of U87 glioma cells via different mechanisms. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181346. [PMID: 28837560 PMCID: PMC5570310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is necessary for the development of the central nervous system and is associated with tumorigenesis in various cancers. However, the mechanism of the Wnt signaling pathway in glioma cells has yet to be elucidated. Small-molecule Wnt modulators such as ICG-001 and AZD2858 were used to inhibit and stimulate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Techniques including cell proliferation assay, colony formation assay, Matrigel cell invasion assay, cell cycle assay and Genechip microarray were used. Gene Ontology Enrichment Analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis have enriched many biological processes and signaling pathways. Both the inhibiting and stimulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways could influence the cell cycle, moreover, reduce the proliferation and survival of U87 glioma cells. However, Affymetrix expression microarray indicated that biological processes and networks of signaling pathways between stimulating and inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway largely differ. We propose that Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway might prove to be a valuable therapeutic target for glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Gao
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, Affiliated Hosptial of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- * E-mail: (LG); (BC)
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- * E-mail: (LG); (BC)
| | - Jinhong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xuecheng Cen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhuangbing Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiao’ao Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Abstract
Survivin is a protein functionally important for cell division, apoptosis, and possibly, for micro-RNA biogenesis. It is an established marker of malignant cell transformation. In non-malignant conditions, the unique properties of survivin make it indispensable for homeostasis of the immune system. Indeed, it is required for the innate and adaptive immune responses, controlling differentiation and maintenance of CD4+ and CD8+ memory T-cells, and in B cell maturation. Recently, survivin has emerged as an important player in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Under the conditions of unreserved inflammation, survivin enhances antigen presentation, maintains persistence of autoreactive cells, and supports production of autoantibodies. In this context, survivin takes its place as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, systemic sclerosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension, neuropathology and multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel diseases and oral lichen planus. In this review, we summarise the knowledge about non-malignant properties of survivin and focus on its engagement in cellular and molecular pathology of autoimmune diseases. The review highlights utility of survivin measures for clinical applications. It provides rational for the survivin inhibiting strategies and presents results of recent reports on survivin inhibition in modern therapies of cancers and autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
|