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Huang X, Gao L, Wang S, Lee CK, Ordentlich P, Liu B. HDAC inhibitor SNDX-275 induces apoptosis in erbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cells via down-regulation of erbB3 expression. Cancer Res 2009; 69:8403-11. [PMID: 19826038 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-2146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease with distinct histologic subtypes. Targeted therapies such as endocrine therapy and growth factor receptor inhibitors have had a significant impact on the treatment of metastatic breast cancer patients. Unfortunately, resistance to these agents eventually occurs, and currently represents a significant clinical problem in the management of breast cancers. Inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACi) exhibit anticancer activity in a variety of tumor cell models and have been shown to target mechanisms of resistance to a number of targeted agents. It is unclear, however, if there are specific breast cancer subtypes for which an HDACi may be more or less effective. Here, we report that the class I isoform-selective HDACi entinostat (SNDX-275) preferentially inhibits cell proliferation/survival and inactivates downstream signaling in erbB2-overexpressing compared with basal breast cancer cells. SNDX-275 reduces the levels of both erbB2 and erbB3, as well as significantly decreases P-erbB2, P-erbB3, P-Akt, and P-MAPK in erbB2-overexpressing cells. Additionally, SNDX-275 promotes apoptosis and induces cell cycle arrest predominantly at G(1) phase in erbB2-overexpressing cells, whereas SNDX-275 mainly induces G(2)-M arrest in basal breast cancer cells. The cellular bias of SNDX-275 is shown to be related partly to the levels of erbB3 expression that directly impact the ability of SNDX-275 to inhibit proliferation/survival of the erbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. These findings show that SNDX-275 may be developed as a novel therapeutic agent to treat breast cancers with coexpression of both erbB2 and erbB3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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102
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Howell PM, Liu S, Ren S, Behlen C, Fodstad O, Riker AI. Epigenetics in human melanoma. Cancer Control 2009; 16:200-18. [PMID: 19556960 DOI: 10.1177/107327480901600302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent technological advances have allowed us to examine the human genome in greater detail than ever before. This has opened the door to an improved understanding of the gene expression patterns involved with cancer. METHODS A review of the literature was performed to determine the role of epigenetic modifications in human melanoma. We focused the search on histone deacetylation, methylation of gene promoter regions, demethylation of CpG islands, and the role of microRNA. We examined the relationship between human melanoma epigenetics and their importance in tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and inhibition of metastasis. The development and clinical application of select pharmacologic agents are also discussed. RESULTS We identified several articles that have extensively studied the role of epigenetics in melanoma, further elucidating the complex processes involved in gene regulation and expression. Several new agents directly affect epigenetic mechanisms in melanoma, with divergent affects on the metastatic potential of melanoma. CONCLUSIONS Epigenetic mechanisms have emerged as having a central role in gene regulation of human melanoma, including the identification of several putative tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. Further research will focus on the development of novel therapeutics that will likely target and alter such epigenetic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Howell
- Basic and Translational Research Department, University of South Alabama, Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, Alabama, USA
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103
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Liu Z, Liu Y, Wang H, Ge X, Jin Q, Ding G, Hu Y, Zhou B, Chen Z, Ge X, Zhang B, Man X, Zhai Q. Patt1, a novel protein acetyltransferase that is highly expressed in liver and downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma, enhances apoptosis of hepatoma cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2009; 41:2528-37. [PMID: 19695338 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2009.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2009] [Revised: 08/02/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Protein acetylation is increasingly recognized as an important post-translational modification. Although a lot of protein acetyltransferases have been identified, a few putative acetyltransferases are yet to be studied. In this study, we identified a novel protein acetyltransferase, Patt1, which belongs to GNAT family. Patt1 exhibited histone acetyltransferase activity and auto-acetylation activity. Deletion and mutation analysis of the predicted acetyltransferase domain in Patt1 showed that the conserved Glu139 was an important residue for its protein acetyltransferase activity. Furthermore, we found that Patt1 was highly expressed in liver and significantly downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues. In addition, we showed that overexpression of Patt1 enhanced the apoptosis of hepatoma cells dependent on its acetyltransferase activity, whereas knockdown of Patt1 significantly protected Chang liver cells from apoptosis. These data suggest that Patt1 might be involved in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, and could be served as a potential therapy target for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 294 Taiyuan Road, Shanghai 200031, China
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104
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Hanker AB, Healy KD, Nichols J, Der CJ. Romidepsin inhibits Ras-dependent growth transformation of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and RIE-1 epithelial cells independently of Ras signaling inhibition. J Mol Signal 2009; 4:5. [PMID: 19682393 PMCID: PMC2735739 DOI: 10.1186/1750-2187-4-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 08/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite intensive effort, currently no effective anti-Ras therapies have successfully reached clinical application. Previous studies suggest that the histone deacetylatse (HDAC) inhibitor romidepsin, which is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of multiple malignancies, can block Ras-dependent signaling and growth transformation. These studies suggest that mutational activation of Ras may be a useful biomarker for sensitivity to romidepsin and that the anti-tumor activity of this HDAC inhibitor may involve inhibition of Ras effector-mediated signaling. Results To rigorously assess romidepsin as an antagonist of Ras, we utilized two well-characterized cell models for Ras transformation. We found that romidepsin blocked the anchorage-dependent and -independent growth of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and RIE-1 epithelial cells transformed by all three Ras isoforms. However, romidepsin treatment also blocked growth transformation caused by other oncoproteins (B-Raf and ErbB2/Neu), suggesting that romidepsin is not selective for Ras. We also observed striking differences in romidepsin-mediated growth inhibition between transformed NIH 3T3 fibroblasts compared to RIE-1 epithelial cells, suggesting that the mechanism by which romidepsin blocks transformation is dependent on cellular context. Finally, we found that romidepsin did not inhibit Ras activation of the ERK and AKT effector pathways in NIH 3T3 and RIE-1 cells, suggesting that romidepsin does not directly antagonize Ras. Conclusion Taken together, our results suggest that romidepsin is not selective for Ras-transformed cells and that the anti-tumor activity of romidepsin is not due to direct inhibition of Ras function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariella B Hanker
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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105
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Pang M, Kothapally J, Mao H, Tolbert E, Ponnusamy M, Chin YE, Zhuang S. Inhibition of histone deacetylase activity attenuates renal fibroblast activation and interstitial fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009; 297:F996-F1005. [PMID: 19640900 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00282.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of renal interstitial fibroblasts is critically involved in the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in chronic kidney diseases. In this study, we investigated the effect of trichostatin A (TSA), a specific histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, on the activation of renal interstitial fibroblasts in a rat renal interstitial fibroblast line (NRK-49F) and the development of renal fibrosis in a murine model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). alpha-Smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and fibronectin, two hallmarks of fibroblast activation, were highly expressed in cultured NRK-49F cells, and their expression was inhibited in the presence of TSA. Similarly, administration of TSA suppressed the expression of alpha-SMA and fibronectin and attenuated the accumulation of renal interstitial fibroblasts in the kidney after the obstructive injury. Activation of renal interstitial fibroblasts was accompanied by phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and TSA treatment also abolished these responses. Furthermore, inhibition of the STAT3 pathway with AG490 inhibited expression of alpha-SMA and fibronectin in NRK-49F cells. Finally, TSA treatment inhibited tubular cell apoptosis and caspase-3 activation in the obstructive kidney. Collectively, we suggest that pharmacological HDAC inhibition may induce antifibrotic activity by inactivation of renal interstitial fibroblasts and inhibition of renal tubular cell death. STAT3 may mediate those actions of HDACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoyin Pang
- Department of Medicine, Brown Univ. School of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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106
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Shankar S, Davis R, Singh KP, Kurzrock R, Ross DD, Srivastava RK. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (Zolinza/vorinostat) sensitizes TRAIL-resistant breast cancer cells orthotopically implanted in BALB/c nude mice. Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 8:1596-605. [PMID: 19509267 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine whether histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA; Zolinza/vorinostat) could sensitize tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-resistant breast carcinoma in vivo. BALB/c nude mice were orthotopically implanted with TRAIL-resistant MDA-MB-468 cells and treated i.v. with SAHA, TRAIL, or SAHA followed by TRAIL for four times during first 3 weeks. The effects of drugs on tumor growth and markers of apoptosis, metastasis, and angiogenesis were examined. SAHA sensitized TRAIL-resistant xenografts to undergo apoptosis through multiple mechanisms. Whereas TRAIL alone was ineffective, SAHA inhibited growth of MDA-MB-468 xenografts in nude mice by inhibiting markers of tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis and inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The sequential treatment of nude mice with SAHA followed by TRAIL was more effective in inhibiting tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis and inducing apoptosis than SAHA alone, without overt toxicity. Treatment of nude mice with SAHA resulted in down-regulation of nuclear factor-kappaB and its gene products (cyclin D1, Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L), vascular endothelial growth factor, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, matrix metalloproteinase-2, and matrix metalloproteinase-9) and up-regulation of DR4, DR5, Bak, Bax, Bim, Noxa, PUMA, p21(CIP1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 in tumor cells. Furthermore, control mice showing increased rate of tumor growth had increased numbers of CD31(+) or von Willebrand factor-positive blood vessels and increased circulating vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2-positive endothelial cells compared with SAHA-treated or SAHA plus TRAIL-treated mice. In conclusion, sequential treatment with SAHA followed by TRAIL may target multiple pathways in tumor progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis and represents a novel therapeutic approach to treat breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Shankar
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 U.S. Highway 271, Tyler, TX 75708-3154, USA
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107
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Deleu S, Lemaire M, Arts J, Menu E, Van Valckenborgh E, King P, Vande Broek I, De Raeve H, Van Camp B, Croucher P, Vanderkerken K. The effects of JNJ-26481585, a novel hydroxamate-based histone deacetylase inhibitor, on the development of multiple myeloma in the 5T2MM and 5T33MM murine models. Leukemia 2009; 23:1894-903. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2009.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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108
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Bora-Tatar G, Dayangaç-Erden D, Demir AS, Dalkara S, Yelekçi K, Erdem-Yurter H. Molecular modifications on carboxylic acid derivatives as potent histone deacetylase inhibitors: Activity and docking studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:5219-28. [PMID: 19520580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2008] [Revised: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 05/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the light of known HDAC inhibitors, 33 carboxylic acid derivatives were tested to understand the structural requirements for HDAC inhibition activity. Several modifications were applied to develop the structure-activity relationships of carboxylic acid HDAC inhibitors. HDAC inhibition activities were investigated in vitro by using HeLa nuclear extract in a fluorimetric assay. Molecular docking was also carried out for the human HDAC8 enzyme in order to predict inhibition activity and the 3D poses of inhibitor-enzyme complexes. Of these compounds, caffeic acid derivatives such as chlorogenic acid and curcumin were found to be highly potent compared to sodium butyrate, which is a well-known HDAC inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Bora-Tatar
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, 06100 Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
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Kang MR, Kang JS, Han SB, Kim JH, Kim DM, Lee K, Lee CW, Lee KH, Lee CH, Han G, Kang JS, Kim HM, Park SK. A novel delta-lactam-based histone deacetylase inhibitor, KBH-A42, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2009; 78:486-94. [PMID: 19445901 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Revised: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor activity of KBH-A42 [N-hydroxy-3-(2-oxo-1-(3-phenylpropyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-3-yl)propanamide], a novel synthetic histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. KBH-A42 inhibited a variety of HDAC isoforms in enzyme assays and suppressed growth of various cancer cell lines. Among the cell lines examined, colon cancer cells, including SW620, SW480 and HCT-15, were the cell types most sensitive to KBH-A42. KBH-A42 inhibition of cancer cell growth was comparable to or stronger than that of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a well-known HDAC inhibitor approved by the FDA to treat cutaneous T cell lymphomas. In SW620 cells, KBH-A42 increased the acetylation of histones, mediated cell cycle arrest (G1 arrest at low doses and G2 arrest at high doses), and induced apoptosis. The cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by KBH-A42 might be mediated through up-regulation of p21(Waf1) and activation of caspases, respectively. In addition, KBH-A42 inhibited SW620 tumor growth in a human tumor xenograft model. Taken together, our results indicate that KBH-A42 exerts an anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo and is a promising therapeutic candidate to treat human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moo Rim Kang
- Bioevaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangcheong, Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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110
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Sharma A, Mehan MM, Sinha S, Cowden JW, Mohan RR. Trichostatin a inhibits corneal haze in vitro and in vivo. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009; 50:2695-701. [PMID: 19168895 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.08-2919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, has been shown to suppress TGF-beta-induced fibrogenesis in many nonocular tissues. The authors evaluated TSA cytotoxicity and its antifibrogenic activity on TGF-beta-driven fibrosis in the cornea with the use of in vitro and in vivo models. METHODS Human corneal fibroblasts (HSFs) were used for in vitro studies, and New Zealand White rabbits were used for in vivo studies. Haze in the rabbit cornea was produced with photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) using excimer laser. Trypan blue exclusion and MTT assays evaluated TSA cytotoxicity to the cornea. Density of haze in the rabbit eye was graded with slit lamp biomicroscopy. Real-time PCR, immunoblotting, or immunocytochemistry was used to measure alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA), fibronectin, and collagen type IV mRNA or protein levels. TUNEL assay was used to detect cell death. RESULTS TSA concentrations of 250 nM or less were noncytotoxic and did not alter normal HSF morphology or proliferation. TGF-beta1 treatment of HSF significantly increased mRNA and protein levels of SMA (9-fold), fibronectin (2.5-fold), and collagen type IV (2-fold). TSA treatment showed 60% to 75% decreases in TGF-beta1-induced SMA and fibronectin mRNA levels and 1.5- to 3.0-fold decreases in protein levels but had no effect on collagen type IV mRNA or protein levels in vitro. Two-minute topical treatment of TSA on rabbit corneas subjected to -9 D PRK significantly decreased corneal haze in vivo. CONCLUSIONS TSA inhibits TGF-beta1-induced accumulation of extracellular matrix and myofibroblast formation in the human cornea in vitro and markedly decreases haze in rabbit cornea in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Sharma
- Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65212, USA
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Abstract
Epigenetic modifications play a key role in the patho-physiology of prostate cancer. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play major roles in prostate cancer progression. HDACs are part of a transcriptional co-repressor complex that influences various tumor suppressor genes. Because of the significant roles played by HDACs in various human cancers, HDAC inhibitors are emerging as a new class of chemotherapeutic agents. HDAC inhibitors have been shown to induce cell growth arrest, differentiation and/or apoptosis in prostate cancer. The combined use of HDAC inhibitors with other chemotherapeutic agents or radiotherapy in cancer treatment has shown promising results. Various HDAC inhibitors are in different stages of clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanism(s) through which HDACs influence prostate cancer progression and the potential roles of HDAC inhibitors in prostate cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ata Abbas
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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112
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Tavares TS, Nanus D, Yang XJ, Gudas LJ. Gene microarray analysis of human renal cell carcinoma: the effects of HDAC inhibition and retinoid treatment. Cancer Biol Ther 2008; 7:1607-18. [PMID: 18769122 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.7.10.6584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor treatments can augment the anti-tumor effects of retinoids in renal cancer cells. We studied the effects of the HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and 13-cis retinoic acid (cRA) on two human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) lines. Cells were cultured in the presence of each drug for six days to determine the responses to monotherapy and to combination therapy. The proliferation of SKRC06 was inhibited with cRA treatment; the proliferation of SKRC39 was not. However, both RCC lines were sensitive to growth inhibition by dibutyryl cyclic AMP, with or without 13-cis RA. SAHA alone also reduced cell proliferation in both cell lines. To identify the alterations in gene expression that correlate with the responsiveness to treatment, gene microarray analyses were performed. Several retinoid-regulated genes exhibited much higher mRNA levels in SKRC06 than in SKRC39, even in the absence of drugs; these included crabp2, rargamma and cyp26A1. Combination treatment of cells with both SAHA and cRA induced several transcripts with known anti-cancer/immunomodulatory effects, including dhrs9, gata3, il1beta, phlda1, txk and vhl. Immunostaining confirmed the decreased expression of gata3 in human RCC specimens compared to normal kidney. Together, our results show that treatment of RCC with cRA and/or SAHA increases the expression of several genes and gene families that result in reduced cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha S Tavares
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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