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Rennie G, Dalton-Barron N, McLaren SJ, Weaving D, Hunwicks R, Barnes C, Emmonds S, Frost B, Jones B. Locomotor and collision characteristics by phases of play during the 2017 rugby league World Cup. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2019.1694167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Rennie
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- Catapult Sports, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicholas Dalton-Barron
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- Catapult Sports, Melbourne, Australia
- England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Leeds, UK
| | - Shaun J. McLaren
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Leeds, UK
| | - Dan Weaving
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds, UK
| | - Richard Hunwicks
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- Catalans Dragons, Perpignan, France
| | - Chris Barnes
- Catapult Sports, Melbourne, Australia
- CB Sports Performance Ltd, Rugeley, UK
| | - Stacey Emmonds
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Barry Frost
- England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Leeds, UK
| | - Ben Jones
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds, UK
- Yorkshire Carnegie Rugby Union Club, Leeds, UK
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
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102
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Gibson OR, James CA, Mee JA, Willmott AG, Turner G, Hayes M, Maxwell NS. Heat alleviation strategies for athletic performance: A review and practitioner guidelines. Temperature (Austin) 2019; 7:3-36. [PMID: 32166103 PMCID: PMC7053966 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2019.1666624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
International competition inevitably presents logistical challenges for athletes. Events such as the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games require further consideration given historical climate data suggest athletes will experience significant heat stress. Given the expected climate, athletes face major challenges to health and performance. With this in mind, heat alleviation strategies should be a fundamental consideration. This review provides a focused perspective of the relevant literature describing how practitioners can structure male and female athlete preparations for performance in hot, humid conditions. Whilst scientific literature commonly describes experimental work, with a primary focus on maximizing magnitudes of adaptive responses, this may sacrifice ecological validity, particularly for athletes whom must balance logistical considerations aligned with integrating environmental preparation around training, tapering and travel plans. Additionally, opportunities for sophisticated interventions may not be possible in the constrained environment of the athlete village or event arenas. This review therefore takes knowledge gained from robust experimental work, interprets it and provides direction on how practitioners/coaches can optimize their athletes' heat alleviation strategies. This review identifies two distinct heat alleviation themes that should be considered to form an individualized strategy for the athlete to enhance thermoregulatory/performance physiology. First, chronic heat alleviation techniques are outlined, these describe interventions such as heat acclimation, which are implemented pre, during and post-training to prepare for the increased heat stress. Second, acute heat alleviation techniques that are implemented immediately prior to, and sometimes during the event are discussed. Abbreviations: CWI: Cold water immersion; HA: Heat acclimation; HR: Heart rate; HSP: Heat shock protein; HWI: Hot water immersion; LTHA: Long-term heat acclimation; MTHA: Medium-term heat acclimation; ODHA: Once-daily heat acclimation; RH: Relative humidity; RPE: Rating of perceived exertion; STHA: Short-term heat acclimation; TCORE: Core temperature; TDHA: Twice-daily heat acclimation; TS: Thermal sensation; TSKIN: Skin temperature; V̇O2max: Maximal oxygen uptake; WGBT: Wet bulb globe temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver R. Gibson
- Centre for Human Performance, Exercise and Rehabilitation (CHPER), Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Carl A. James
- Institut Sukan Negara (National Sports Institute), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jessica A. Mee
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
| | - Ashley G.B. Willmott
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gareth Turner
- Bisham Abbey National High-Performance Centre, English Institute of Sport, EIS Performance Centre, Marlow, UK
| | - Mark Hayes
- Environmental Extremes Laboratory, School of Sport and Service Management, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
| | - Neil S. Maxwell
- Environmental Extremes Laboratory, School of Sport and Service Management, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
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103
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Carling C, McCall A, Harper D, Bradley PS. Comment on: "The Use of Microtechnology to Quantify the Peak Match Demands of the Football Codes: A Systematic Review". Sports Med 2018; 49:343-345. [PMID: 30506338 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-1032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Carling
- Institute of Coaching and Performance, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.
| | - Alan McCall
- Faculty of Health, Life and Social Sciences, Research Department for Sports and Exercise Science, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK.,Performance and Research Department, Arsenal Football Club, London, UK
| | | | - Paul S Bradley
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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104
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Authors' Reply to Carling et al: Comment on: "The Use of Microtechnology to Quantify the Peak Match Demands of the Football Codes: A Systematic Review". Sports Med 2018; 49:347-348. [PMID: 30506337 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-1028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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