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Mohammadkhani P, Khooshabi KS, Forouzan AS, Azadmehr H, Assari S, Lankarani MM. Associations between coerced anal sex and psychopathology, marital distress and non-sexual violence. J Sex Med 2009; 6:1938-46. [PMID: 19453876 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01273.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a dearth of scientific data on anal intercourse in heterosexual relationships. Likewise, anal sex within marital relationships has yet to be fully explored. OBJECTIVES Among a representative sample of married women in the Iranian capital, Tehran, we aimed to determine the association of self-reported coerced anal sex with: (i) self-reported coerced vaginal sex; (ii) self-reported non-sexual violence; (iii) psychopathology; and (iv) marital attitude. METHOD The data presented here were obtained from the Family Violence Survey conducted in Tehran in 2007. A total of 230 married Iranian women were selected via a multi-cluster sampling method from four different randomized regions. The subjects' sociodemographic data, psychological distress (Symptom Check List; SCL-90-R), personality, and relationship characteristics (Personal and Relationships Profile), and marital attitude (Marital Attitude Survey) were gathered. In addition, the participants' self-reported histories of lifetime victimization through all types of violence by the husband, including coerced anal and vaginal sex as well as psychological and physical assault (Conflict Tactic Scales-Revised; CTS-2), were collected. RESULTS There were associations between self-reported victimization through coerced anal and vaginal sex (P < 0.001), psychological (P < 0.001), and physical aggression (P < 0.001). Those reporting to have been forced into anal intercourse cited higher rates of paranoid and psychotic features, jealousy, attribution of problems to one's own behavior, conflict, and male dominance, as well as lower expectations of improvement in one's marital relationship. CONCLUSION In marital relationships, women are at a higher risk of coerced anal sex if subjected to other types of sexual or non-sexual violence. Higher rates of psychopathology and poorer marital relationships are also allied to self-reported anal sexual coercion.
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Kim-Godwin YS, Clements C, McCuiston AM, Fox JA. Dating Violence Among High School Students in Southeastern North Carolina. J Sch Nurs 2009; 25:141-51. [DOI: 10.1177/1059840508330679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescents are a high-risk group for dating violence. Using the Youth Risk Behavior Survey data, this study examined the associations among dating violence (including physical dating violence [PDV] and sexual dating violence [SDV]) and selected health risk behaviors among 375 and 372 high school students, in 2005 and 2007, respectively, in southeastern North Carolina. The findings indicate PDV increased slightly from 2005 (11.6%) to 2007 (12.5%), while SDV remained approximately the same (10.4% in 2005 and 10.3% in 2007). PDV was strongly associated with SDV among high school students in 2005 and 2007. Significant associations also exist among dating violence and sexual behavior, substance use, violence, psychological health, and unhealthy weight control. School nurses should be actively involved in promoting healthy lifestyles and healthy choices among high school students through interdisciplinary efforts with parents, teachers, school districts, and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeoun Soo Kim-Godwin
- Yeoun Soo Kim-Godwin, PhD, RN, is an associate professor, School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, North Carolina
- Carrie Clements, PhD, is a professor, Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, North Carolina
- Ashley M. McCuiston, BA, is a graduate student, Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, North Carolina
- Jane A. Fox, EdD, APRN, BC, PNP, is an associate professor, School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, North Carolina
| | - Carrie Clements
- Yeoun Soo Kim-Godwin, PhD, RN, is an associate professor, School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, North Carolina
- Carrie Clements, PhD, is a professor, Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, North Carolina
- Ashley M. McCuiston, BA, is a graduate student, Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, North Carolina
- Jane A. Fox, EdD, APRN, BC, PNP, is an associate professor, School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, North Carolina
| | - Ashley M. McCuiston
- Yeoun Soo Kim-Godwin, PhD, RN, is an associate professor, School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, North Carolina
- Carrie Clements, PhD, is a professor, Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, North Carolina
- Ashley M. McCuiston, BA, is a graduate student, Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, North Carolina
- Jane A. Fox, EdD, APRN, BC, PNP, is an associate professor, School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, North Carolina
| | - Jane A. Fox
- Yeoun Soo Kim-Godwin, PhD, RN, is an associate professor, School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, North Carolina
- Carrie Clements, PhD, is a professor, Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, North Carolina
- Ashley M. McCuiston, BA, is a graduate student, Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, North Carolina
- Jane A. Fox, EdD, APRN, BC, PNP, is an associate professor, School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, North Carolina
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103
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Wekerle C, Leung E, Wall AM, MacMillan H, Boyle M, Trocme N, Waechter R. The contribution of childhood emotional abuse to teen dating violence among child protective services-involved youth. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2009; 33:45-58. [PMID: 19167066 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE For child protective services (CPS) youth who may have experienced more than one form of maltreatment, the unique contribution of emotional abuse may be over-looked when other forms are more salient and more clearly outside of accepted social norms for parenting. This study considers the unique predictive value of childhood emotional abuse for understanding adolescent post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology and dating violence. Further, PTSD symptomatology is assessed as an explanatory bridge in the emotional abuse-teen dating violence link. METHODS A random sample of 402 youth from the active caseload of a large urban CPS catchment area participated as part of a larger longitudinal study on adolescent health behaviors. Mid-adolescent youth across types of CPS status were targeted. CPS youth reported on lifetime maltreatment experiences, PTSD symptomatology, and past year dating experiences, using published scales. RESULTS Over 85% of CPS youth had begun dating. For dating youth, some level of dating violence was common: over half of females (63-67%) and nearly half of males (44-49%). Taking into account other forms of maltreatment, emotional abuse emerged as a significant predictor of both PTSD symptomatology and dating violence among males and females. PTSD symptomatology was a significant mediator of the male emotional abuse-perpetration and the female emotional/physical abuse-victimization links, indicating a gendered patterning to findings. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that: (1) CPS youth are a high priority group for dating violence and PTSD-linked intervention; and (2) CPS youth continue to experience the unique negative impact of childhood emotional abuse in their adolescent adjustment. All CPS children should be evaluated for emotional abuse incurred, and appropriate intervention attention be given as to how it specifically impacts on the child's approach to relating to themselves and to others. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The present study directs practice implications in regards to: (1) the problem of teen dating violence, (2) the salience of childhood emotional abuse; and (3) the importance of targeting PTSD symptomatolgy among CPS youth. A substantial number of CPS youth report early engagement in violent romantic relationships and require support towards attaining the non-coercive relationship experiences of their non-CPS-involved age mates. The topic of dating, healthy dating relationships, and dating violence may need to be part of the regular casework, with a view towards supporting youths' conceptualization of and skill set for healthy, close relationships. Further, this knowledge needs to be translated to foster parents and group home staff. With regard to the impact of childhood emotional abuse, CPS workers need to be sensitive to its potential for long-term, unique impact impairing relationship development. Emotional abuse is (a) unique among genders (i.e., for females, it clusters with physical abuse) and (b) uniquely predictive of PTSD symptoms and dating violence. Finally, as is consistent with theory and biopsychosocial evidence, PTSD symptomatology is a key causal candidate for understanding maltreatment-related impairment. Attention to targeting PTSD symptoms may be preventative for dating violence; attention to targeting emotional abuse experiences may be preventative for PTSD symptoms. CPS youth are an important population to involve in research, as their inclusion adds to the evidence-base to achieve evidence-informed practice and policy within child welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Wekerle
- Faculty of Education, Department of Psychology, Psychatry Program, University of Western Ontario, Ont., Canada
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Leadbeater BJ, Banister EM, Ellis WE, Yeung R. Victimization and Relational Aggression in Adolescent Romantic Relationships: The Influence of Parental and Peer Behaviors, and Individual Adjustment. J Youth Adolesc 2008; 37:359-372. [PMID: 27307651 PMCID: PMC4905751 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-007-9269-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Consistent with the view that adolescent relationships are established in the context of important characteristics of their social networks, we examined the effects of adolescents' experiences of parenting (psychological control and positive monitoring) and of peer aggression and victimization, on their self reports of dating victimization and aggression. We also examined the effects of individual differences in emotional and behavioral problems. We used questionnaire data from a population-based sample of youth 12-18 years old who were in dating relationships (n = 149). Parental monitoring emerged as a protective factor in reducing both dating victimization and relational aggression. Our findings also point to a significant transfer of aggression in peer relationships to relational aggression in dating relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth M Banister
- School of Nursing, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Box 1700, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 2Y2
| | - Wendy E Ellis
- King's University College at the University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel Yeung
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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