101
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Vsevolozhskaya OA, Shi M, Hu F, Zaykin DV. DOT: Gene-set analysis by combining decorrelated association statistics. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007819. [PMID: 32287273 PMCID: PMC7182280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, the majority of statistical association methods have been designed assuming availability of SNP-level information. However, modern genetic and sequencing data present new challenges to access and sharing of genotype-phenotype datasets, including cost of management, difficulties in consolidation of records across research groups, etc. These issues make methods based on SNP-level summary statistics particularly appealing. The most common form of combining statistics is a sum of SNP-level squared scores, possibly weighted, as in burden tests for rare variants. The overall significance of the resulting statistic is evaluated using its distribution under the null hypothesis. Here, we demonstrate that this basic approach can be substantially improved by decorrelating scores prior to their addition, resulting in remarkable power gains in situations that are most commonly encountered in practice; namely, under heterogeneity of effect sizes and diversity between pairwise LD. In these situations, the power of the traditional test, based on the added squared scores, quickly reaches a ceiling, as the number of variants increases. Thus, the traditional approach does not benefit from information potentially contained in any additional SNPs, while our decorrelation by orthogonal transformation (DOT) method yields steady gain in power. We present theoretical and computational analyses of both approaches, and reveal causes behind sometimes dramatic difference in their respective powers. We showcase DOT by analyzing breast cancer and cleft lip data, in which our method strengthened levels of previously reported associations and implied the possibility of multiple new alleles that jointly confer disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A. Vsevolozhskaya
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Min Shi
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Fengjiao Hu
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dmitri V. Zaykin
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
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102
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Harvey PD, Sun N, Bigdeli TB, Fanous AH, Aslan M, Malhotra AK, Lu Q, Hu Y, Li B, Chen Q, Mane S, Miller P, Rajeevan N, Sayward F, Cheung KH, Li Y, Greenwood TA, Gur RE, Braff DL, Brophy M, Pyarajan S, O'Leary TJ, Gleason T, Przygodszki R, Muralidhar S, Gaziano JM, Concato J, Zhao H, Siever LJ. Genome-wide association study of cognitive performance in U.S. veterans with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2020; 183:181-194. [PMID: 31872970 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a frequent and serious problem in patients with various forms of severe mental illnesses (SMI), including schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BP). Recent research suggests genetic links to several cognitive phenotypes in both SMI and in the general population. Our goal in this study was to identify potential genomic signatures of cognitive functioning in veterans with severe mental illness and compare them to previous findings for cognition across different populations. Veterans Affairs (VA) Cooperative Studies Program (CSP) Study #572 evaluated cognitive and functional capacity measures among SZ and BP patients. In conjunction with the VA Million Veteran Program, 3,959 European American (1,095 SZ, 2,864 BP) and 2,601 African American (1,095 SZ, 2,864 BP) patients were genotyped using a custom Affymetrix Axiom Biobank array. We performed a genome-wide association study of global cognitive functioning, constructed polygenic scores for SZ and cognition in the general population, and examined genetic correlations with 2,626 UK Biobank traits. Although no single locus attained genome-wide significance, observed allelic effects were strongly consistent with previous studies. We observed robust associations between global cognitive functioning and polygenic scores for cognitive performance, intelligence, and SZ risk. We also identified significant genetic correlations with several cognition-related traits in UK Biobank. In a diverse cohort of U.S. veterans with SZ or BP, we demonstrate broad overlap of common genetic effects on cognition in the general population, and find that greater polygenic loading for SZ risk is associated with poorer cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip D Harvey
- Research Service, Bruce W. Carter Miami Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Miami, Florida.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ning Sun
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Center (CERC), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.,Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Tim B Bigdeli
- Department of Psychiatry, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Ayman H Fanous
- Department of Psychiatry, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Mihaela Aslan
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Center (CERC), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.,Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York.,Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, New York.,Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York
| | - Qiongshi Lu
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Biostatistics & Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Yiming Hu
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Boyang Li
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Quan Chen
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Center (CERC), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.,Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shrikant Mane
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Perry Miller
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Center (CERC), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.,Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Nallakkandi Rajeevan
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Center (CERC), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.,Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Frederick Sayward
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Center (CERC), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.,Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kei-Hoi Cheung
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Center (CERC), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.,Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yuli Li
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Center (CERC), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.,Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry and Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David L Braff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, California.,VISN-22 Mental Illness, Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | | | - Mary Brophy
- Massachusetts Area Veterans Epidemiology Research, and Information Center (MAVERIC), Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts.,Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Saiju Pyarajan
- Massachusetts Area Veterans Epidemiology Research, and Information Center (MAVERIC), Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy J O'Leary
- Office of Research and Development, Veterans Health Administration, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Theresa Gleason
- Office of Research and Development, Veterans Health Administration, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Ronald Przygodszki
- Office of Research and Development, Veterans Health Administration, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Sumitra Muralidhar
- Office of Research and Development, Veterans Health Administration, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Massachusetts Area Veterans Epidemiology Research, and Information Center (MAVERIC), Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John Concato
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Center (CERC), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.,Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Center (CERC), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.,Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Larry J Siever
- James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York.,Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
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103
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Genome-wide association meta-analysis of corneal curvature identifies novel loci and shared genetic influences across axial length and refractive error. Commun Biol 2020; 3:133. [PMID: 32193507 PMCID: PMC7081241 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0802-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal curvature, a highly heritable trait, is a key clinical endophenotype for myopia - a major cause of visual impairment and blindness in the world. Here we present a trans-ethnic meta-analysis of corneal curvature GWAS in 44,042 individuals of Caucasian and Asian with replication in 88,218 UK Biobank data. We identified 47 loci (of which 26 are novel), with population-specific signals as well as shared signals across ethnicities. Some identified variants showed precise scaling in corneal curvature and eye elongation (i.e. axial length) to maintain eyes in emmetropia (i.e. HDAC11/FBLN2 rs2630445, RBP3 rs11204213); others exhibited association with myopia with little pleiotropic effects on eye elongation. Implicated genes are involved in extracellular matrix organization, developmental process for body and eye, connective tissue cartilage and glycosylation protein activities. Our study provides insights into population-specific novel genes for corneal curvature, and their pleiotropic effect in regulating eye size or conferring susceptibility to myopia.
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104
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Shahamatdar S, He MX, Reyna MA, Gusev A, AlDubayan SH, Van Allen EM, Ramachandran S. Germline Features Associated with Immune Infiltration in Solid Tumors. Cell Rep 2020; 30:2900-2908.e4. [PMID: 32130895 PMCID: PMC7082123 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune composition of the tumor microenvironment influences response and resistance to immunotherapies. While numerous studies have identified somatic correlates of immune infiltration, germline features that associate with immune infiltrates in cancers remain incompletely characterized. We analyze seven million autosomal germline variants in the TCGA cohort and test for association with established immune-related phenotypes that describe the tumor immune microenvironment. We identify one SNP associated with the amount of infiltrating follicular helper T cells; 23 candidate genes, some of which are involved in cytokine-mediated signaling and others containing cancer-risk SNPs; and networks with genes that are part of the DNA repair and transcription elongation pathways. In addition, we find a positive association between polygenic risk for rheumatoid arthritis and amount of infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Overall, we identify multiple germline genetic features associated with tumor-immune phenotypes and develop a framework for probing inherited features that contribute to differences in immune infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Shahamatdar
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Meng Xiao He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Graduate Program in Biophysics, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew A Reyna
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Alexander Gusev
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Saud H AlDubayan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eliezer M Van Allen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Sohini Ramachandran
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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105
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Zhang M, Suren H, Holliday JA. Phenotypic and Genomic Local Adaptation across Latitude and Altitude in Populus trichocarpa. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 11:2256-2272. [PMID: 31298685 PMCID: PMC6735766 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Local adaptation to climate allows plants to cope with temporally and spatially heterogeneous environments, and parallel phenotypic clines provide a natural experiment to uncover the genomic architecture of adaptation. Though extensive effort has been made to investigate the genomic basis of local adaptation to climate across the latitudinal range of tree species, less is known for altitudinal clines. We used exome capture to genotype 451 Populus trichocarpa genotypes across altitudinal and latitudinal gradients spanning the natural species range, and phenotyped these trees for a variety of adaptive traits in two common gardens. We observed clinal variation in phenotypic traits across the two transects, which indicates climate-driven selection, and coupled gene-based genotype–phenotype and genotype–environment association scans to identify imprints of climatic adaptation on the genome. Although many of the phenotype- and climate-associated genes were unique to one transect, we found evidence of parallelism between latitude and altitude, as well as significant convergence when we compared our outlier genes with those putatively involved in climatic adaptation in two gymnosperm species. These results suggest that not only genomic constraint during adaptation to similar environmental gradients in poplar but also different environmental contexts, spatial scale, and perhaps redundant function among potentially adaptive genes and polymorphisms lead to divergent adaptive architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia.,National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, China
| | - Haktan Suren
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Jason A Holliday
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
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106
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Adewuyi EO, Sapkota Y, Auta A, Yoshihara K, Nyegaard M, Griffiths LR, Montgomery GW, Chasman DI, Nyholt DR. Shared Molecular Genetic Mechanisms Underlie Endometriosis and Migraine Comorbidity. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E268. [PMID: 32121467 PMCID: PMC7140889 DOI: 10.3390/genes11030268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Observational epidemiological studies indicate that endometriosis and migraine co-occur within individuals more than expected by chance. However, the aetiology and biological mechanisms underlying their comorbidity remain unknown. Here we examined the relationship between endometriosis and migraine using genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) effect concordance analysis found a significant concordance of SNP risk effects across endometriosis and migraine GWAS. Linkage disequilibrium score regression analysis found a positive and highly significant genetic correlation (rG = 0.38, P = 2.30 × 10-25) between endometriosis and migraine. A meta-analysis of endometriosis and migraine GWAS data did not reveal novel genome-wide significant SNPs, and Mendelian randomisation analysis found no evidence for a causal relationship between the two traits. However, gene-based analyses identified two novel loci for migraine. Also, we found significant enrichment of genes nominally associated (Pgene < 0.05) with both traits (Pbinomial-test = 9.83 × 10-6). Combining gene-based p-values across endometriosis and migraine, three genes, two (TRIM32 and SLC35G6) of which are at novel loci, were genome-wide significant. Genes having Pgene < 0.1 for both endometriosis and migraine (Pbinomial-test = 1.85 ×10-°3) were significantly enriched for biological pathways, including interleukin-1 receptor binding, focal adhesion-PI3K-Akt-mTOR-signaling, MAPK and TNF-α signalling. Our findings further confirm the comorbidity of endometriosis and migraine and indicate a non-causal relationship between the two traits, with shared genetically-controlled biological mechanisms underlying the co-occurrence of the two disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel O. Adewuyi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia;
| | - Yadav Sapkota
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA;
| | | | | | | | - Asa Auta
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK;
| | - Kosuke Yoshihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 950-2181, Japan;
| | - Mette Nyegaard
- Department of Biomedicine – Human Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lyn R. Griffiths
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia;
| | - Grant W. Montgomery
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia;
| | - Daniel I. Chasman
- Divisions of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;
| | - Dale R. Nyholt
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia;
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107
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Feng Y, Liu H, Duan B, Liu Z, Abbruzzese J, Walsh KM, Zhang X, Wei Q. Potential functional variants in SMC2 and TP53 in the AURORA pathway genes and risk of pancreatic cancer. Carcinogenesis 2020; 40:521-528. [PMID: 30794721 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The AURORA pathway participates in mitosis and cell division, and alterations in mitosis and cell division can lead to carcinogenesis. Therefore, genetic variants in the AURORA pathway genes may be associated with susceptibility to pancreatic cancer. To test this hypothesis, we used three large publically available pancreatic cancer genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets (PanScan I, II/III and PanC4) to assess the associations of 7168 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a set of 62 genes of this pathway with pancreatic cancer risk in 8477 cases and 6946 controls of European ancestry. We identify 15 significant pancreatic cancer risk-associated SNPs in three genes (SMC2, ARHGEF7 and TP53) after correction for multiple comparisons by a false discovery rate < 0.20. Through further linkage disequilibrium analysis, SNP functional prediction and stepwise logistic regression analysis, we focused on three SNPs: rs3818626 in SMC2, rs79447092 in ARHGEF7 and rs9895829 in TP53. We found that these three SNPs were associated with pancreatic cancer risk [odds ratio (OR) = 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07-1.17 and P = 2.20E-06 for the rs3818626 C allele; OR = 0.76, CI = 0.66-0.88 and P = 1.46E-04 for the rs79447092 A allele and OR = 0.82, CI = 0.74-0.91 and P = 1.51E-04 for the rs9895829 G allele]. Their joint effect as the number of protective genotypes also showed a significant association with pancreatic cancer risk (trend test P ≤ 0.001). Finally, we performed an expression quantitative trait loci analysis and found that rs3818626 and rs9895829 were significantly associated with SMC2 and TP53 messenger RNA expression levels in 373 lymphoblastoid cell lines, respectively. In conclusion, these three representative SNPs may be potentially susceptibility loci for pancreatic cancer and warrant additional validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Feng
- Department of Respiration, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bensong Duan
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhensheng Liu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - James Abbruzzese
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kyle M Walsh
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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108
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Guo B, Wu B. Powerful and efficient SNP-set association tests across multiple phenotypes using GWAS summary data. Bioinformatics 2020; 35:1366-1372. [PMID: 30239606 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Many GWAS conducted in the past decade have identified tens of thousands of disease related variants, which in total explained only part of the heritability for most traits. There remain many more genetics variants with small effect sizes to be discovered. This has motivated the development of sequencing studies with larger sample sizes and increased resolution of genotyped variants, e.g., the ongoing NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) whole genome sequencing project. An alternative approach is the development of novel and more powerful statistical methods. The current dominating approach in the field of GWAS analysis is the "single trait single variant" association test, despite the fact that most GWAS are conducted in deeply-phenotyped cohorts with many correlated traits measured. In this paper, we aim to develop rigorous methods that integrate multiple correlated traits and multiple variants to improve the power to detect novel variants. In recognition of the difficulty of accessing raw genotype and phenotype data due to privacy and logistic concerns, we develop methods that are applicable to publicly available GWAS summary data. RESULTS We build rigorous statistical models for GWAS summary statistics to motivate novel multi-trait SNP-set association tests, including variance component test, burden test and their adaptive test, and develop efficient numerical algorithms to quickly compute their analytical P-values. We implement the proposed methods in an open source R package. We conduct thorough simulation studies to verify the proposed methods rigorously control type I errors at the genome-wide significance level, and further demonstrate their utility via comprehensive analysis of GWAS summary data for multiple lipids traits and glycemic traits. We identified many novel loci that were not detected by the individual trait based GWAS analysis. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION We have implemented the proposed methods in an R package freely available at http://www.github.com/baolinwu/MSKAT. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Guo
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Baolin Wu
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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109
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Woo YJ, Roussos P, Haroutunian V, Katsel P, Gandy S, Schadt EE, Zhu J. Comparison of brain connectomes by MRI and genomics and its implication in Alzheimer's disease. BMC Med 2020; 18:23. [PMID: 32024511 PMCID: PMC7003435 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1488-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human brain is complex and interconnected structurally. Brain connectome change is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Genetics and genomics studies have identified molecular changes in AD; however, the results are often limited to isolated brain regions and are difficult to interpret its findings in respect to brain connectome. The mechanisms of how one brain region impacts the molecular pathways in other regions have not been systematically studied. And how the brain regions susceptible to AD pathology interact with each other at the transcriptome level and how these interactions relate to brain connectome change are unclear. METHODS Here, we compared structural brain connectomes defined by probabilistic tracts using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data in Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database and a brain transcriptome dataset covering 17 brain regions. RESULTS We observed that the changes in diffusion measures associated with AD diagnosis status and the associations were replicated in an independent cohort. The result suggests that disease associated white matter changes are focal. Analysis of the brain connectome by genomic data, tissue-tissue transcriptional synchronization between 17 brain regions, indicates that the regions connected by AD-associated tracts were likely connected at the transcriptome level with high number of tissue-to-tissue correlated (TTC) gene pairs (P = 0.03). And genes involved in TTC gene pairs between white matter tract connected brain regions were enriched in signaling pathways (P = 6.08 × 10-9). Further pathway interaction analysis identified ionotropic glutamate receptor pathway and Toll receptor signaling pathways to be important for tissue-tissue synchronization at the transcriptome level. Transcript profile entailing Toll receptor signaling in the blood was significantly associated with diffusion properties of white matter tracts, notable association between fractional anisotropy and bilateral cingulum angular bundles (Ppermutation = 1.0 × 10-2 and 4.9 × 10-4 for left and right respectively). CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study suggests that brain connectomes defined by MRI and transcriptome data overlap with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jae Woo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Panos Roussos
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Vahram Haroutunian
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Pavel Katsel
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Samuel Gandy
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Eric E Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Sema4, Stamford, CT, 06902, USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Sema4, Stamford, CT, 06902, USA.
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Zhou B, Zhao YC, Liu H, Luo S, Amos CI, Lee JE, Li X, Nan H, Wei Q. Novel Genetic Variants of ALG6 and GALNTL4 of the Glycosylation Pathway Predict Cutaneous Melanoma-Specific Survival. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E288. [PMID: 31991610 PMCID: PMC7072252 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Because aberrant glycosylation is known to play a role in the progression of melanoma, we hypothesize that genetic variants of glycosylation pathway genes are associated with the survival of cutaneous melanoma (CM) patients. To test this hypothesis, we used a Cox proportional hazards regression model in a single-locus analysis to evaluate associations between 34,096 genetic variants of 227 glycosylation pathway genes and CM disease-specific survival (CMSS) using genotyping data from two previously published genome-wide association studies. The discovery dataset included 858 CM patients with 95 deaths from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, and the replication dataset included 409 CM patients with 48 deaths from Harvard University nurse/physician cohorts. In the multivariable Cox regression analysis, we found that two novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (ALG6 rs10889417 G>A and GALNTL4 rs12270446 G>C) predicted CMSS, with an adjusted hazards ratios of 0.60 (95% confidence interval = 0.44-0.83 and p = 0.002) and 0.66 (0.52-0.84 and 0.004), respectively. Subsequent expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis revealed that ALG6 rs10889417 was associated with mRNA expression levels in the cultured skin fibroblasts and whole blood cells and that GALNTL4 rs12270446 was associated with mRNA expression levels in the skin tissues (all p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that, once validated by other large patient cohorts, these two novel SNPs in the glycosylation pathway genes may be useful prognostic biomarkers for CMSS, likely through modulating their gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingrong Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China;
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (Y.C.Z.); (H.L.)
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yu Chen Zhao
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (Y.C.Z.); (H.L.)
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (Y.C.Z.); (H.L.)
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sheng Luo
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Christopher I. Amos
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Jeffrey E. Lee
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Xin Li
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (X.L.); (H.N.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hongmei Nan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (X.L.); (H.N.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (Y.C.Z.); (H.L.)
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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111
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Jia J, Li J, Yao X, Zhang Y, Yang X, Wang P, Xia Q, Hakonarson H, Li J. Genetic architecture study of rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8234. [PMID: 31988799 PMCID: PMC6969553 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis are two types of autoimmune diseases with inflammation at the joints, occurring to adults and children respectively. There are phenotypic overlaps between these two types of diseases, despite the age difference in patient groups. METHODS To systematically compare the genetic architecture of them, we conducted analyses at gene and pathway levels and constructed protein-protein-interaction network based on summary statistics of genome-wide association studies of these two diseases. We examined their difference and similarity at each level. RESULTS We observed extensive overlap in significant SNPs and genes at the human leukocyte antigen region. In addition, several SNPs in other regions of the human genome were also significantly associated with both diseases. We found significantly associated genes enriched in 32 pathways shared by both diseases. Excluding genes in the human leukocyte antigen region, significant enrichment is present for pathways like interleukin-27 pathway and NO2-dependent interleukin-12 pathway in natural killer cells. DISCUSSION The identification of commonly associated genes and pathways may help in finding population at risk for both diseases, as well as shed light on repositioning and designing drugs for both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jia
- Department of Surgery of Foot and Ankle, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Junyi Li
- Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xueming Yao
- Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - YuHang Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohao Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qianghua Xia
- Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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112
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Zhang S, Jiang W, Ma RC, Yu W. Region-based interaction detection in genome-wide case-control studies. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:133. [PMID: 31888606 PMCID: PMC6936067 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In genome-wide association study (GWAS), conventional interaction detection methods such as BOOST are mostly based on SNP-SNP interactions. Although single nucleotides are the building blocks of human genome, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are not necessarily the smallest functional unit for complex phenotypes. Region-based strategies have been proved to be successful in studies aiming at marginal effects. Methods We propose a novel region-region interaction detection method named RRIntCC (region-region interaction detection for case-control studies). RRIntCC uses the correlations between individual SNP-SNP interactions based on linkage disequilibrium (LD) contrast test. Results Simulation experiments showed that our method can achieve a higher power than conventional SNP-based methods with similar type-I-error rates. When applied to two real datasets, RRIntCC was able to find several significant regions, while BOOST failed to identify any significant results. The source code and the sample data of RRIntCC are available at http://bioinformatics.ust.hk/RRIntCC.html. Conclusion In this paper, a new region-based interaction detection method with better performance than SNP-based interaction detection methods has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ronald Cw Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weichuan Yu
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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113
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Hill WD, Davies NM, Ritchie SJ, Skene NG, Bryois J, Bell S, Di Angelantonio E, Roberts DJ, Xueyi S, Davies G, Liewald DCM, Porteous DJ, Hayward C, Butterworth AS, McIntosh AM, Gale CR, Deary IJ. Genome-wide analysis identifies molecular systems and 149 genetic loci associated with income. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5741. [PMID: 31844048 PMCID: PMC6915786 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13585-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Socioeconomic position (SEP) is a multi-dimensional construct reflecting (and influencing) multiple socio-cultural, physical, and environmental factors. In a sample of 286,301 participants from UK Biobank, we identify 30 (29 previously unreported) independent-loci associated with income. Using a method to meta-analyze data from genetically-correlated traits, we identify an additional 120 income-associated loci. These loci show clear evidence of functionality, with transcriptional differences identified across multiple cortical tissues, and links to GABAergic and serotonergic neurotransmission. By combining our genome wide association study on income with data from eQTL studies and chromatin interactions, 24 genes are prioritized for follow up, 18 of which were previously associated with intelligence. We identify intelligence as one of the likely causal, partly-heritable phenotypes that might bridge the gap between molecular genetic inheritance and phenotypic consequence in terms of income differences. These results indicate that, in modern era Great Britain, genetic effects contribute towards some of the observed socioeconomic inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- W David Hill
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
| | - Neil M Davies
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Stuart J Ritchie
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nathan G Skene
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- Department of Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Julien Bryois
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steven Bell
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- UK Medical Research Council/British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Emanuele Di Angelantonio
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- UK Medical Research Council/British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
| | - David J Roberts
- Cambridge Substantive Site, Health Data Research UK, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- BRC Haematology Theme and Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant - Oxford Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Shen Xueyi
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Gail Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - David C M Liewald
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Adam S Butterworth
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- UK Medical Research Council/British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Catharine R Gale
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
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114
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Hill WD, Davies NM, Ritchie SJ, Skene NG, Bryois J, Bell S, Di Angelantonio E, Roberts DJ, Xueyi S, Davies G, Liewald DCM, Porteous DJ, Hayward C, Butterworth AS, McIntosh AM, Gale CR, Deary IJ. Genome-wide analysis identifies molecular systems and 149 genetic loci associated with income. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5741. [PMID: 31844048 DOI: 10.1101/573691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Socioeconomic position (SEP) is a multi-dimensional construct reflecting (and influencing) multiple socio-cultural, physical, and environmental factors. In a sample of 286,301 participants from UK Biobank, we identify 30 (29 previously unreported) independent-loci associated with income. Using a method to meta-analyze data from genetically-correlated traits, we identify an additional 120 income-associated loci. These loci show clear evidence of functionality, with transcriptional differences identified across multiple cortical tissues, and links to GABAergic and serotonergic neurotransmission. By combining our genome wide association study on income with data from eQTL studies and chromatin interactions, 24 genes are prioritized for follow up, 18 of which were previously associated with intelligence. We identify intelligence as one of the likely causal, partly-heritable phenotypes that might bridge the gap between molecular genetic inheritance and phenotypic consequence in terms of income differences. These results indicate that, in modern era Great Britain, genetic effects contribute towards some of the observed socioeconomic inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- W David Hill
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
| | - Neil M Davies
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Stuart J Ritchie
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nathan G Skene
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- Department of Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Julien Bryois
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steven Bell
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- UK Medical Research Council/British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Emanuele Di Angelantonio
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- UK Medical Research Council/British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
| | - David J Roberts
- Cambridge Substantive Site, Health Data Research UK, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- BRC Haematology Theme and Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant - Oxford Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Shen Xueyi
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Gail Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - David C M Liewald
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Adam S Butterworth
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- UK Medical Research Council/British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Catharine R Gale
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
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115
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Tam V, Patel N, Turcotte M, Bossé Y, Paré G, Meyre D. Benefits and limitations of genome-wide association studies. Nat Rev Genet 2019; 20:467-484. [PMID: 31068683 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-019-0127-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 933] [Impact Index Per Article: 186.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) involve testing genetic variants across the genomes of many individuals to identify genotype-phenotype associations. GWAS have revolutionized the field of complex disease genetics over the past decade, providing numerous compelling associations for human complex traits and diseases. Despite clear successes in identifying novel disease susceptibility genes and biological pathways and in translating these findings into clinical care, GWAS have not been without controversy. Prominent criticisms include concerns that GWAS will eventually implicate the entire genome in disease predisposition and that most association signals reflect variants and genes with no direct biological relevance to disease. In this Review, we comprehensively assess the benefits and limitations of GWAS in human populations and discuss the relevance of performing more GWAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Tam
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nikunj Patel
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle Turcotte
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Paré
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Meyre
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. .,Inserm UMRS 954 N-GERE (Nutrition-Genetics-Environmental Risks), University of Lorraine, Faculty of Medicine, Nancy, France.
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116
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Improving the odds of drug development success through human genomics: modelling study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18911. [PMID: 31827124 PMCID: PMC6906499 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54849-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lack of efficacy in the intended disease indication is the major cause of clinical phase drug development failure. Explanations could include the poor external validity of pre-clinical (cell, tissue, and animal) models of human disease and the high false discovery rate (FDR) in preclinical science. FDR is related to the proportion of true relationships available for discovery (γ), and the type 1 (false-positive) and type 2 (false negative) error rates of the experiments designed to uncover them. We estimated the FDR in preclinical science, its effect on drug development success rates, and improvements expected from use of human genomics rather than preclinical studies as the primary source of evidence for drug target identification. Calculations were based on a sample space defined by all human diseases - the 'disease-ome' - represented as columns; and all protein coding genes - 'the protein-coding genome'- represented as rows, producing a matrix of unique gene- (or protein-) disease pairings. We parameterised the space based on 10,000 diseases, 20,000 protein-coding genes, 100 causal genes per disease and 4000 genes encoding druggable targets, examining the effect of varying the parameters and a range of underlying assumptions, on the inferences drawn. We estimated γ, defined mathematical relationships between preclinical FDR and drug development success rates, and estimated improvements in success rates based on human genomics (rather than orthodox preclinical studies). Around one in every 200 protein-disease pairings was estimated to be causal (γ = 0.005) giving an FDR in preclinical research of 92.6%, which likely makes a major contribution to the reported drug development failure rate of 96%. Observed success rate was only slightly greater than expected for a random pick from the sample space. Values for γ back-calculated from reported preclinical and clinical drug development success rates were also close to the a priori estimates. Substituting genome wide (or druggable genome wide) association studies for preclinical studies as the major information source for drug target identification was estimated to reverse the probability of late stage failure because of the more stringent type 1 error rate employed and the ability to interrogate every potential druggable target in the same experiment. Genetic studies conducted at much larger scale, with greater resolution of disease end-points, e.g. by connecting genomics and electronic health record data within healthcare systems has the potential to produce radical improvement in drug development success rate.
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117
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Network-Based Functional Prediction Augments Genetic Association To Predict Candidate Genes for Histamine Hypersensitivity in Mice. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:4223-4233. [PMID: 31645420 PMCID: PMC6893195 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genetic mapping is a primary tool of genetics in model organisms; however, many quantitative trait loci (QTL) contain tens or hundreds of positional candidate genes. Prioritizing these genes for validation is often ad hoc and biased by previous findings. Here we present a technique for prioritizing positional candidates based on computationally inferred gene function. Our method uses machine learning with functional genomic networks, whose links encode functional associations among genes, to identify network-based signatures of functional association to a trait of interest. We demonstrate the method by functionally ranking positional candidates in a large locus on mouse Chr 6 (45.9 Mb to 127.8 Mb) associated with histamine hypersensitivity (Histh). Histh is characterized by systemic vascular leakage and edema in response to histamine challenge, which can lead to multiple organ failure and death. Although Histh risk is strongly influenced by genetics, little is known about its underlying molecular or genetic causes, due to genetic and physiological complexity of the trait. To dissect this complexity, we ranked genes in the Histh locus by predicting functional association with multiple Histh-related processes. We integrated these predictions with new single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) association data derived from a survey of 23 inbred mouse strains and congenic mapping data. The top-ranked genes included Cxcl12, Ret, Cacna1c, and Cntn3, all of which had strong functional associations and were proximal to SNPs segregating with Histh. These results demonstrate the power of network-based computational methods to nominate highly plausible quantitative trait genes even in challenging cases involving large QTL and extreme trait complexity.
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118
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Zhu Z, Chen B, Na R, Fang W, Zhang W, Zhou Q, Zhou S, Lei H, Huang A, Chen T, Ni D, Gu Y, Liu J, Rao Y, Fang F. Heritability of human visual contour integration-an integrated genomic study. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 27:1867-1875. [PMID: 31363184 PMCID: PMC6871533 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0478-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Contour integration, a key visual function to deal with occlusion and discontinuity in natural scenes, is essential to human survival. However, individuals are not equally well equipped with this ability. In particular, contour integration deficiencies are commonly detected in patients with mental disorders, especially schizophrenia. To understand the underlying sources of these individual differences, the current study investigated the genetic basis of contour integration in humans. A total of 2619 normal participants were tested on their ability to detect continuous contours embedded in a cluttered background. Quantitative genomic analysis was performed, involving heritability estimation based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and association testing at SNP, gene, and pathway levels. Heritability estimation showed that common SNPs contributed 49.5% (standard error of the mean = 15.6%) of overall phenotypic variation, indicating moderate heritability of contour integration. Two-stage genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) detected four SNPs reaching genome-wide significance in the discovery test (N = 1931) but not passing the replication test (N = 688). Gene-level analysis further revealed a significant genome-wide association of a microRNA-encoding gene MIR1178 in both the discovery and replication cohorts. Another gene poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1 like, cytoplasmic (PABPN1L) showed suggestive significance in the discovery cohort (p < 1 × 10-4) and was replicated in the replication cohort (p = 0.009). The pathway analysis did not detect any significant pathway. Taken together, this study identified significant gene associations with contour integration and provided support for a genetic transmission of the ability to perceive continuous contours in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Zhu
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Biqing Chen
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Ren Na
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Wan Fang
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Beijing Innovative Center for Genomics, Peking University School of Life Sciences, and National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxia Zhang
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Shanbi Zhou
- University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 401331, Chongqing, China
| | - Han Lei
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Ailong Huang
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingmei Chen
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongsheng Ni
- Division of Molecular Nephrology and Creative Training Center for Undergraduates, M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Medical Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuping Gu
- Division of Molecular Nephrology and Creative Training Center for Undergraduates, M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Medical Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianing Liu
- Division of Molecular Nephrology and Creative Training Center for Undergraduates, M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Medical Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Rao
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Innovative Center for Genomics, Peking University School of Life Sciences, and National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China.
| | - Fang Fang
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
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119
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So HC, Chau CKL, Lau A, Wong SY, Zhao K. Translating GWAS findings into therapies for depression and anxiety disorders: gene-set analyses reveal enrichment of psychiatric drug classes and implications for drug repositioning. Psychol Med 2019; 49:2692-2708. [PMID: 30569882 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718003641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety disorders (AD) are the first and sixth leading causes of disability worldwide. Despite their high prevalence and significant disability resulted, there are limited advances in new drug development. Recently, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have greatly advanced our understanding of the genetic basis underlying psychiatric disorders. METHODS Here we employed gene-set analyses of GWAS summary statistics for drug repositioning. We explored five related GWAS datasets, including two on major depressive disorder (MDD2018 and MDD-CONVERGE, with the latter focusing on severe melancholic depression), one on AD, and two on depressive symptoms and neuroticism in the population. We extracted gene-sets associated with each drug from DSigDB and examined their association with each GWAS phenotype. We also performed repositioning analyses on meta-analyzed GWAS data, integrating evidence from all related phenotypes. RESULTS Importantly, we showed that the repositioning hits are generally enriched for known psychiatric medications or those considered in clinical trials. Enrichment was seen for antidepressants and anxiolytics but also for antipsychotics. We also revealed new candidates or drug classes for repositioning, some of which were supported by experimental or clinical studies. For example, the top repositioning hit using meta-analyzed p values was fendiline, which was shown to produce antidepressant-like effects in mouse models by inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings suggest that human genomic data such as GWAS are useful in guiding drug discoveries for depression and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hon-Cheong So
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research of Common Diseases, Kunming Zoology Institute of Zoology and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Carlos Kwan-Long Chau
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Alexandria Lau
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Sze-Yung Wong
- Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Kai Zhao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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120
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Vsevolozhskaya OA, Hu F, Zaykin DV. Detecting Weak Signals by Combining Small P-Values in Genetic Association Studies. Front Genet 2019; 10:1051. [PMID: 31824555 PMCID: PMC6879667 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We approach the problem of combining top-ranking association statistics or P-values from a new perspective which leads to a remarkably simple and powerful method. Statistical methods, such as the rank truncated product (RTP), have been developed for combining top-ranking associations, and this general strategy proved to be useful in applications for detecting combined effects of multiple disease components. To increase power, these methods aggregate signals across top ranking single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), while adjusting for their total number assessed in a study. Analytic expressions for combined top statistics or P-values tend to be unwieldy, which complicates interpretation and practical implementation and hinders further developments. Here, we propose the augmented rank truncation (ART) method that retains main characteristics of the RTP but is substantially simpler to implement. ART leads to an efficient form of the adaptive algorithm, an approach where the number of top ranking SNPs is varied to optimize power. We illustrate our methods by strengthening previously reported associations of μ-opioid receptor variants with sensitivity to pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A. Vsevolozhskaya
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Fengjiao Hu
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Dmitri V. Zaykin
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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121
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Hecker J, Ruczinski I, Cho MH, Silverman EK, Coull B, Lange C. A flexible and nearly optimal sequential testing approach to randomized testing: QUICK-STOP. Genet Epidemiol 2019; 44:139-147. [PMID: 31713269 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In the analysis of current life science datasets, we often encounter scenarios in which the application of asymptotic theory to hypothesis testing can be problematic. Besides improved asymptotic results, permutation/simulation-based tests are a general approach to address this issue. However, these randomized tests can impose a massive computational burden, for example, in scenarios in which large numbers of statistical tests are computed, and the specified significance level is very small. Stopping rules aim to assess significance with the smallest possible number of draws while controlling the probabilities of errors due to statistical uncertainty. In this communication, we derive a general stopping rule, QUICK-STOP, based on the sequential testing theory that is easy to implement, controls the error probabilities rigorously, and is nearly optimal in terms of expected draws. In a simulation study, we show that our approach outperforms current stopping approaches for general randomized tests by factor 10 and does not impose an additional computational burden. We illustrate our approach by applying our stopping rule to a single-variant analysis of a whole-genome sequencing study for lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Hecker
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ingo Ruczinski
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael H Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brent Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christoph Lange
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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122
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Li M, Jiang L, Mak TSH, Kwan JSH, Xue C, Chen P, Leung HCM, Cui L, Li T, Sham PC. A powerful conditional gene-based association approach implicated functionally important genes for schizophrenia. Bioinformatics 2019; 35:628-635. [PMID: 30101339 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION It remains challenging to unravel new susceptibility genes of complex diseases and the mechanisms in genome-wide association studies. There are at least two difficulties, isolation of the genuine susceptibility genes from many indirectly associated genes and functional validation of these genes. RESULTS We first proposed a novel conditional gene-based association test which can use only summary statistics to isolate independently associated genes of a disease. Applying this method, we detected 185 genes of independent association with schizophrenia. We then designed an in-silico experiment based on expression/co-expression to systematically validate pathogenic potential of these genes. We found that genes of independent association with schizophrenia formed more co-expression pairs in normal post-natal but not pre-natal human brain regions than expected. Interestingly, no co-expression enrichment was found in the brain regions of schizophrenia patients. The genes with independent association also had more significant P-values for differential expression between schizophrenia patients and controls in the brain regions. In contrast, indirectly associated genes or associated genes by other widely-used gene-based tests had no such differential expression and co-expression patterns. In summary, this conditional gene-based association test is effective for isolating directly associated genes from indirectly associated genes, and the results insightfully suggest that common variants might contribute to schizophrenia largely by distorting expression and co-expression in post-natal brains. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The conditional gene-based association test has been implemented in a platform 'KGG' in Java and is publicly available at http://grass.cgs.hku.hk/limx/kgg/. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoxin Li
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Center for Genome Research, Center for Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,The Centre for Genomic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Center for Genome Research, Center for Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,The Centre for Genomic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Timothy Shin Heng Mak
- The Centre for Genomic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Chao Xue
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Center for Genome Research, Center for Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peikai Chen
- The Centre for Genomic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Henry Chi-Ming Leung
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liqian Cui
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Li
- The Mental Health Center and the Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pak Chung Sham
- The Centre for Genomic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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123
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Okada H, Yagi R, Gardeux V, Deplancke B, Hafen E. Sex-dependent and sex-independent regulatory systems of size variation in natural populations. Mol Syst Biol 2019; 15:e9012. [PMID: 31777173 PMCID: PMC6878047 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20199012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Size of organs/organisms is a polygenic trait. Many of the growth-regulatory genes constitute conserved growth signaling pathways. However, how these multiple genes are orchestrated at the systems level to attain the natural variation in size including sexual size dimorphism is mostly unknown. Here we take a multi-layered systems omics approach to study size variation in the Drosophila wing. We show that expression levels of many critical growth regulators such as Wnt and TGFβ pathway components significantly differ between sexes but not between lines exhibiting size differences within each sex, suggesting a primary role of these regulators in sexual size dimorphism. Only a few growth genes including a receptor of steroid hormone ecdysone exhibit association with between-line size differences. In contrast, we find that between-line size variation is largely regulated by genes with a diverse range of cellular functions, most of which have never been implicated in growth. In addition, we show that expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) linked to these novel growth regulators accurately predict population-wide, between-line wing size variation. In summary, our study unveils differential gene regulatory systems that control wing size variation between and within sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Okada
- Institute of Molecular Systems BiologyETH ZurichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Ryohei Yagi
- Institute of Molecular Systems BiologyETH ZurichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Vincent Gardeux
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and GeneticsInstitute of BioengineeringSchool of Life SciencesEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) and Swiss Institute of BioinformaticsLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Bart Deplancke
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and GeneticsInstitute of BioengineeringSchool of Life SciencesEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) and Swiss Institute of BioinformaticsLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Ernst Hafen
- Institute of Molecular Systems BiologyETH ZurichZürichSwitzerland
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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124
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Alonso-Gonzalez A, Calaza M, Rodriguez-Fontenla C, Carracedo A. Gene-based analysis of ADHD using PASCAL: a biological insight into the novel associated genes. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:143. [PMID: 31651322 PMCID: PMC6813133 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0593-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) which may significantly impact on the affected individual's life. ADHD is acknowledged to have a high heritability component (70-80%). Recently, a meta-analysis of GWAS (Genome Wide Association Studies) has demonstrated the association of several independent loci. Our main aim here, is to apply PASCAL (pathway scoring algorithm), a new gene-based analysis (GBA) method, to the summary statistics obtained in this meta-analysis. PASCAL will take into account the linkage disequilibrium (LD) across genomic regions in a different way than the most commonly employed GBA methods (MAGMA or VEGAS (Versatile Gene-based Association Study)). In addition to PASCAL analysis a gene network and an enrichment analysis for KEGG and GO terms were carried out. Moreover, GENE2FUNC tool was employed to create gene expression heatmaps and to carry out a (DEG) (Differentially Expressed Gene) analysis using GTEX v7 and BrainSpan data. RESULTS PASCAL results have revealed the association of new loci with ADHD and it has also highlighted other genes previously reported by MAGMA analysis. PASCAL was able to discover new associations at a gene level for ADHD: FEZF1 (p-value: 2.2 × 10- 7) and FEZF1-AS1 (p-value: 4.58 × 10- 7). In addition, PASCAL has been able to highlight association of other genes that share the same LD block with some previously reported ADHD susceptibility genes. Gene network analysis has revealed several interactors with the associated ADHD genes and different GO and KEGG terms have been associated. In addition, GENE2FUNC has demonstrated the existence of several up and down regulated expression clusters when the associated genes and their interactors were considered. CONCLUSIONS PASCAL has been revealed as an efficient tool to extract additional information from previous GWAS using their summary statistics. This study has identified novel ADHD associated genes that were not previously reported when other GBA methods were employed. Moreover, a biological insight into the biological function of the ADHD associated genes across brain regions and neurodevelopmental stages is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitana Alonso-Gonzalez
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Calaza
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodriguez-Fontenla
- Grupo de Medicina Genómica, CIBERER, CIMUS (Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel Carracedo
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Grupo de Medicina Genómica, CIBERER, CIMUS (Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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125
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Yang Y, Wang X, Ju W, Sun L, Zhang H. Genetic and Expression Analysis of COPI Genes and Alzheimer's Disease Susceptibility. Front Genet 2019; 10:866. [PMID: 31608112 PMCID: PMC6761859 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly and the leading cause of dementia in humans. Evidence shows that cellular trafficking and recycling machineries are associated with AD risk. A recent study found that the coat protein complex I (COPI)-dependent trafficking in vivo could significantly reduce amyloid plaques in the cortex and hippocampus of neurological in the AD mouse models and identified 12 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in COPI genes to be significantly associated with increased AD risk using 6,795 samples. Here, we used a large-scale GWAS dataset to investigate the potential association between the COPI genes and AD susceptibility by both SNP and gene-based tests. The results showed that only rs9898218 was associated with AD risk with P = 0.017. We further conducted an expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) analysis and found that rs9898218 G allele was associated with increased COPZ2 expression in cerebellar cortex with P = 0.0184. Importantly, the eQTLs analysis in whole blood further indicated that 11 of these 12 genetic variants could significantly regulate the expression of COPI genes. Hence, these findings may contribute to understand the association between COPI genes and AD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weina Ju
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haining Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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126
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van der Laan SW, Siemelink MA, Haitjema S, Foroughi Asl H, Perisic L, Mokry M, van Setten J, Malik R, Dichgans M, Worrall BB, Samani NJ, Schunkert H, Erdmann J, Hedin U, Paulsson-Berne G, Björkegrenn JLM, de Borst GJ, Asselbergs FW, den Ruijter FW, de Bakker PIW, Pasterkamp G. Genetic Susceptibility Loci for Cardiovascular Disease and Their Impact on Atherosclerotic Plaques. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2019; 11:e002115. [PMID: 30354329 PMCID: PMC7664607 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.118.002115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease in part caused by lipid uptake in the vascular wall, but the exact underlying mechanisms leading to acute myocardial infarction and stroke remain poorly understood. Large consortia identified genetic susceptibility loci that associate with large artery ischemic stroke and coronary artery disease. However, deciphering their underlying mechanisms are challenging. Histological studies identified destabilizing characteristics in human atherosclerotic plaques that associate with clinical outcome. To what extent established susceptibility loci for large artery ischemic stroke and coronary artery disease relate to plaque characteristics is thus far unknown but may point to novel mechanisms. Methods: We studied the associations of 61 established cardiovascular risk loci with 7 histological plaque characteristics assessed in 1443 carotid plaque specimens from the Athero-Express Biobank Study. We also assessed if the genotyped cardiovascular risk loci impact the tissue-specific gene expression in 2 independent biobanks, Biobank of Karolinska Endarterectomy and Stockholm Atherosclerosis Gene Expression. Results: A total of 21 established risk variants (out of 61) nominally associated to a plaque characteristic. One variant (rs12539895, risk allele A) at 7q22 associated to a reduction of intraplaque fat, P=5.09×10−6 after correction for multiple testing. We further characterized this 7q22 Locus and show tissue-specific effects of rs12539895 on HBP1 expression in plaques and COG5 expression in whole blood and provide data from public resources showing an association with decreased LDL (low-density lipoprotein) and increase HDL (high-density lipoprotein) in the blood. Conclusions: Our study supports the view that cardiovascular susceptibility loci may exert their effect by influencing the atherosclerotic plaque characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander W van der Laan
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, The Netherlands (S.W.v.d.L., M.A.S., S.H., H.M.d.R., G.P.)
| | - Marten A Siemelink
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, The Netherlands (S.W.v.d.L., M.A.S., S.H., H.M.d.R., G.P.).,Department of Clinical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.A.S.)
| | - Saskia Haitjema
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, The Netherlands (S.W.v.d.L., M.A.S., S.H., H.M.d.R., G.P.)
| | - Hassan Foroughi Asl
- Cardiovascular Genomics Group, Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (H.F.A.)
| | - Ljubica Perisic
- Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (L.P., U.H.)
| | - Michal Mokry
- Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.M.).,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.M.)
| | - Jessica van Setten
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A., J.v.S.)
| | - Rainer Malik
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany (R.M., M.D.)
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany (R.M., M.D.).,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany (M.D.)
| | - Bradford B Worrall
- Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | | | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester (N.J.S.).,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit Centre, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom (N.J.S.)
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik an der TU München, Munich Heart Alliance (DZHK), Germany (H.S., J.E.)
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik an der TU München, Munich Heart Alliance (DZHK), Germany (H.S., J.E.)
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (L.P., U.H.)
| | - Gabrielle Paulsson-Berne
- Unit of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (G.P.-B.)
| | - Johan L M Björkegrenn
- CMM, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (J.L.M.B.).,Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge, Sweden (J.L.M.B.).,Clinical Gene Networks AB, Stockholm,Sweden (J.L.M.B.)
| | - Gert J de Borst
- Division of Surgical Specialties, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, The Netherlands (G.J.d.B.)
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A., J.v.S.).,Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.I.W.d.B.).,Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.I.W.d.B.).,Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Division Laboratories and Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, The Netherlands (G.P.).,Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.).,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.).,Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Folkert W den Ruijter
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A., J.v.S.)
| | - Paul I W de Bakker
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.I.W.d.B.).,Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.I.W.d.B.)
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, The Netherlands (S.W.v.d.L., M.A.S., S.H., H.M.d.R., G.P.).,Department of Clinical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.A.S.).,Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Division Laboratories and Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, The Netherlands (G.P.)
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127
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Rhie A, Son HY, Kwak SJ, Lee S, Kim DY, Lew BL, Sim WY, Seo JS, Kwon O, Kim JI, Jo SJ. Genetic variations associated with response to dutasteride in the treatment of male subjects with androgenetic alopecia. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222533. [PMID: 31525235 PMCID: PMC6746394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dutasteride, a dual inhibitor of both type I and II 5α-reductases, is used to treat male pattern hair loss (MPHL). However, patient response to dutasteride varies in each individual, the cause of which is yet to be identified. To identify genetic variants associated with response to dutasteride treatment for MPHL, a total of 42 men with moderate MPHL who had been treated with dutasteride for 6 months were genotyped and analysed by quantitative linear regression, case-control association tests, and Fisher’s exact test. The synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs72623193 in DHRS9 was most significantly associated with response to dutasteride, followed by the non-synonymous SNP rs2241057 in CYP26B1. Additionally, variants in ESR1, SRD5A1, CYP19A1, and RXRG are suggested to be associated with response to dutasteride. Cumulative effect and interaction among these SNPs were presented in both additive and non-additive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arang Rhie
- Genomic Medicine Institute (GMI), Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Genome Informatics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ho-Young Son
- Genomic Medicine Institute (GMI), Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Jung Kwak
- Genomic Medicine Institute (GMI), Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungbok Lee
- Genomic Medicine Institute (GMI), Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Young Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Human-Environmental Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bark-Lynn Lew
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Young Sim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Sun Seo
- Genomic Medicine Institute (GMI), Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ohsang Kwon
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Human-Environmental Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Il Kim
- Genomic Medicine Institute (GMI), Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Jin Jo
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Human-Environmental Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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128
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Gao F, Yao Y, Zhang Y, Tian J. Integrating Genome-Wide Association Studies With Pathway Analysis and Gene Expression Analysis Highlights Novel Osteoarthritis Risk Pathways and Genes. Front Genet 2019; 10:827. [PMID: 31572443 PMCID: PMC6753977 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disorder worldwide. To identify more genetic signals, genome-wide association study (GWAS) has been widely used and elucidated some OA susceptibility genes. However, these susceptibility genes could only explain only a small part of heritability of OA. It is suggested that the identification of disease-related pathways may contribute to understand the genomic etiology of OA. Here, we integrated the GWAS into pathway analysis to identify novel OA risk pathways. In this study, we first selected 187 independent genetic variants identified by GWAS (P < 1.00E−05) and found that most of these genetic variants are noncoding mutations. We then conducted an expression quantitative trait loci analysis and found that 165 of these 187 genetic variants could significantly regulate the expression of nearby genes. Third, we identified OA susceptibility genes corresponding to these genetic variants, conducted a pathway analysis, and identified novel OA-related KEGG pathways, GO biological processes, GO molecular functions, and GO cellular components. In KEGG database, transforming growth factor β signaling pathway is the most significant signal (P = 5.98E−05) and is the only pathway after the BH multiple-test adjustment with false discovery rate (FDR) = 0.02. In GO database, we identified 24 statistically significant GO biological processes, one statistically significant GO molecular function, and five statistically significant GO cellular components (FDR < 0.05). These signals are related with chondrocyte differentiation and development, which are all known biological pathways associated with OA. Finally, we conducted an OA case–control gene expression analysis to evaluate the differential expression of these OA risk genes. Using an OA case–control gene expression analysis, we showed that 44 risk genes were suggestively differentially expressed in OA cases compared with controls (P < 0.05). Three genes, WWP2, COG5, and MAPT, were statistically differentially expressed in OA cases compared with controls (P < 0.05/122 = 4.10E−04). Hence, our findings may contribute to understanding the genomic etiology of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgeon, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Yao
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgeon, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgeon, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Tian
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgeon, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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129
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Alonso-Gonzalez A, Calaza M, Rodriguez-Fontenla C, Carracedo A. Novel Gene-Based Analysis of ASD GWAS: Insight Into the Biological Role of Associated Genes. Front Genet 2019; 10:733. [PMID: 31447886 PMCID: PMC6696953 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by its significant social impact and high heritability. The latest meta-analysis of ASD GWAS (genome-wide association studies) has revealed the association of several SNPs that were replicated in additional sets of independent samples. However, summary statistics from GWAS can be used to perform a gene-based analysis (GBA). GBA allows to combine all genetic information across the gene to create a single statistic (p-value for each gene). Thus, PASCAL (Pathway scoring algorithm), a novel GBA tool, has been applied to the summary statistics from the latest meta-analysis of ASD. GBA approach (testing the gene as a unit) provides an advantage to perform an accurate insight into the biological ASD mechanisms. Therefore, a gene-network analysis and an enrichment analysis for KEGG and GO terms were carried out. GENE2FUNC was used to create gene expression heatmaps and to carry out differential expression analysis (DEA) across GTEx v7 tissues and Brainspan data. dbMDEGA was employed to perform a DEG analysis between ASD and brain control samples for the associated genes and interactors. Results: PASCAL has identified the following loci associated with ASD: XRN2, NKX2-4, PLK1S1, KCNN2, NKX2-2, CRHR1-IT1, C8orf74 and LOC644172. While some of these genes were previously reported by MAGMA (XRN2, PLK1S1, and KCNN2), PASCAL has been useful to highlight additional genes. The biological characterization of the ASD-associated genes and their interactors have demonstrated the association of several GO and KEGG terms. Moreover, DEA analysis has revealed several up- and down-regulated clusters. In addition, many of the ASD-associated genes and their interactors have shown association with ASD expression datasets. Conclusions: This study identifies several associations at a gene level in ASD. Most of them were previously reported by MAGMA. This fact proves that PASCAL is an efficient GBA tool to extract additional information from previous GWAS. In addition, this study has characterized for the first time the biological role of the ASD-associated genes across brain regions, neurodevelopmental stages, and ASD gene-expression datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitana Alonso-Gonzalez
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Calaza
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodriguez-Fontenla
- Grupo de Medicina Genómica, CIBERER, CIMUS (Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel Carracedo
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Grupo de Medicina Genómica, CIBERER, CIMUS (Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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130
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Yoon S, Nguyen HCT, Yoo YJ, Kim J, Baik B, Kim S, Kim J, Kim S, Nam D. Efficient pathway enrichment and network analysis of GWAS summary data using GSA-SNP2. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:e60. [PMID: 29562348 PMCID: PMC6007455 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathway-based analysis in genome-wide association study (GWAS) is being widely used to uncover novel multi-genic functional associations. Many of these pathway-based methods have been used to test the enrichment of the associated genes in the pathways, but exhibited low powers and were highly affected by free parameters. We present the novel method and software GSA-SNP2 for pathway enrichment analysis of GWAS P-value data. GSA-SNP2 provides high power, decent type I error control and fast computation by incorporating the random set model and SNP-count adjusted gene score. In a comparative study using simulated and real GWAS data, GSA-SNP2 exhibited high power and best prioritized gold standard positive pathways compared with six existing enrichment-based methods and two self-contained methods (alternative pathway analysis approach). Based on these results, the difference between pathway analysis approaches was investigated and the effects of the gene correlation structures on the pathway enrichment analysis were also discussed. In addition, GSA-SNP2 is able to visualize protein interaction networks within and across the significant pathways so that the user can prioritize the core subnetworks for further studies. GSA-SNP2 is freely available at https://sourceforge.net/projects/gsasnp2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Yoon
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai C T Nguyen
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun J Yoo
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.,Department of Mathematics Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhwan Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Bukyung Baik
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sounkou Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- SK Telecom, Seoul 04539, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsoo Kim
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Dougu Nam
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,Department of Mathematical Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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131
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Ni H, Xu M, Zhan GL, Fan Y, Zhou H, Jiang HY, Lu WH, Tan L, Zhang DF, Yao YG, Zhang C. The GWAS Risk Genes for Depression May Be Actively Involved in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:1149-1161. [PMID: 30010129 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most frequent psychiatric symptoms observed in people during the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We hypothesized that genetic factors conferring risk of depression might affect AD development. In this study, we screened 31 genes, which were located in 19 risk loci for major depressive disorder (MDD) identified by two recent large genome-wide association studies (GWAS), in AD patients at the genomic and transcriptomic levels. Association analysis of common variants was performed by using summary statistics of the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP), and association analysis of rare variants was conducted by sequencing the entire coding region of the 31 MDD risk genes in 107 Han Chinese patients with early-onset and/or familial AD. We also quantified the mRNA expression alterations of these MDD risk genes in brain tissues of AD patients and AD mouse models, followed by protein-protein interaction network prediction to show their potential effects in AD pathways. We found that common and rare variants of L3MBTL2 were significantly associated with AD. mRNA expression levels of 18 MDD risk genes, in particular SORCS3 and OAT, were differentially expressed in AD brain tissues. 13 MDD risk genes were predicted to physically interact with core AD genes. The involvement of HACE1, NEGR1, and SLC6A15 in AD was supported by convergent lines of evidence. Taken together, our results showed that MDD risk genes might play an active role in AD pathology and supported the notion that depression might be the "common cold" of psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Ni
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Xuhui Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Gui-Lai Zhan
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Xuhui Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Hejiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Yan Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei-Hong Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwen Tan
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Deng-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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132
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Bonham LW, Steele NZR, Karch CM, Broce I, Geier EG, Wen NL, Momeni P, Hardy J, Miller ZA, Gorno-Tempini ML, Hess CP, Lewis P, Miller BL, Seeley WW, Manzoni C, Desikan RS, Baranzini SE, Ferrari R, Yokoyama JS. Genetic variation across RNA metabolism and cell death gene networks is implicated in the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10854. [PMID: 31350420 PMCID: PMC6659677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46415-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by neurodegeneration and progressive loss of semantic knowledge. Unlike many other forms of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), svPPA has a highly consistent underlying pathology composed of TDP-43 (a regulator of RNA and DNA transcription metabolism). Previous genetic studies of svPPA are limited by small sample sizes and a paucity of common risk variants. Despite this, svPPA's relatively homogenous clinicopathologic phenotype makes it an ideal investigative model to examine genetic processes that may drive neurodegenerative disease. In this study, we used GWAS metadata, tissue samples from pathologically confirmed frontotemporal lobar degeneration, and in silico techniques to identify and characterize protein interaction networks associated with svPPA risk. We identified 64 svPPA risk genes that interact at the protein level. The protein pathways represented in this svPPA gene network are critical regulators of RNA metabolism and cell death, such as SMAD proteins and NOTCH1. Many of the genes in this network are involved in TDP-43 metabolism. Contrary to the conventional notion that svPPA is a clinical syndrome with few genetic risk factors, our analyses show that svPPA risk is complex and polygenic in nature. Risk for svPPA is likely driven by multiple common variants in genes interacting with TDP-43, along with cell death,x` working in combination to promote neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke W Bonham
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Natasha Z R Steele
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Celeste M Karch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Iris Broce
- Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ethan G Geier
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Natalie L Wen
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Parastoo Momeni
- Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Zachary A Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher P Hess
- Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Lewis
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Claudia Manzoni
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK
| | - Rahul S Desikan
- Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sergio E Baranzini
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Raffaele Ferrari
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Jennifer S Yokoyama
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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133
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Yan Q, Fang Z, Chen W. KMgene: a unified R package for gene-based association analysis for complex traits. Bioinformatics 2019; 34:2144-2146. [PMID: 29438558 PMCID: PMC6246171 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary In this report, we introduce an R package KMgene for performing gene-based association
tests for familial, multivariate or longitudinal traits using kernel machine (KM)
regression under a generalized linear mixed model framework. Extensive simulations were
performed to evaluate the validity of the approaches implemented in KMgene. Availability and implementation http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/KMgene. Supplementary information Supplementary data are
available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhou Fang
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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134
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Porcu E, Rüeger S, Lepik K, Santoni FA, Reymond A, Kutalik Z. Mendelian randomization integrating GWAS and eQTL data reveals genetic determinants of complex and clinical traits. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3300. [PMID: 31341166 PMCID: PMC6656778 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10936-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified thousands of variants associated with complex traits, but their biological interpretation often remains unclear. Most of these variants overlap with expression QTLs, indicating their potential involvement in regulation of gene expression. Here, we propose a transcriptome-wide summary statistics-based Mendelian Randomization approach (TWMR) that uses multiple SNPs as instruments and multiple gene expression traits as exposures, simultaneously. Applied to 43 human phenotypes, it uncovers 3,913 putatively causal gene-trait associations, 36% of which have no genome-wide significant SNP nearby in previous GWAS. Using independent association summary statistics, we find that the majority of these loci were missed by GWAS due to power issues. Noteworthy among these links is educational attainment-associated BSCL2, known to carry mutations leading to a Mendelian form of encephalopathy. We also find pleiotropic causal effects suggestive of mechanistic connections. TWMR better accounts for pleiotropy and has the potential to identify biological mechanisms underlying complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Porcu
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Sina Rüeger
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.,University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kaido Lepik
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | | | - Federico A Santoni
- Endocrine, Diabetes, and Metabolism Service, CHUV and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Reymond
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Zoltán Kutalik
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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135
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Woo YM, Kim S, Park JH, Lee NY, Kim JW, Kim DDH. Evidence that 6q25.1 variant rs6931104 confers susceptibility to chronic myeloid leukemia through RMND1 regulation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218968. [PMID: 31237926 PMCID: PMC6592567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder. Our previous study reported novel loci as genetic markers associated with increased susceptibility to CML. The present study conducted an expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis to confirm that the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at these loci affect the expression of candidate CML-susceptible genes. We identified that three SNPs (rs963193, rs6931104, and rs9371517) were related to the gene expression pattern of RMND1 (Required For Meiotic Nuclear Division 1 Homolog) in both granulocytes and mononuclear cells from 83 healthy donors. Furthermore, reduced expression of RMND1 expression was noted in CML patients compared with that in healthy individuals. We used the eQTL browsing tool to assess the regulatory information on the three associated significant SNPs, out of which rs6931104 showed strong evidence of regulatory effects. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays demonstrated that A alleles of rs6931104 could significantly change the binding affinity of transcription factor (TF) RFX3 compared to the G alleles. Then, we performed in vitro experiments on BCR-ABL1-positive (BCR-ABL1+) cell lines. We found that expression of the CML-susceptible gene RMND1 is affected by the binding affinity of TF RFX3, suggesting that RFX3 plays a role in RMND1 expression. Our findings suggest potential target genes for associations of genetic susceptibility risk loci and provide further insights into the pathogenesis and mechanism of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Min Woo
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sehwa Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nan Young Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jong-Won Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Dennis Dong Hwan Kim
- Department of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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136
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Wang G, Zhang DF, Jiang HY, Fan Y, Ma L, Shen Z, Bi R, Xu M, Tan L, Shan B, Yao YG, Feng T. Mutation and association analyses of dementia-causal genes in Han Chinese patients with early-onset and familial Alzheimer's disease. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 113:141-147. [PMID: 30954774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. It shares clinical and pathological features with other types of dementia, such as vascular dementia (VaD), Lewy body dementia (LBD), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). We have hypothesized that there might be an overlapping molecular mechanism and genetic basis to the different types of dementia. In this study, we analyzed the mutation pattern of dementia-causal genes in 169 Han Chinese patients with familial and early-onset AD by using whole exome sequencing or targeted resequencing. We identified 9 potentially pathogenic mutations in the AD-causal genes APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, and 6 mutations in a group of non-AD dementia-causal genes including the FTD-causal gene GRN and the VaD-causal gene NOTCH3. A common splice-site variant rs514492 in the FTD-causal gene VCP showed a positive association with AD risk (P = 0.0003, OR = 1.618), whereas the rare missense variant rs33949390 (p. R 1628P) in the LBD-causal gene LRRK2 showed a protective effect on AD risk (P = 0.0004, OR = 0.170). The presence of putative pathogenic mutations and risk variants in these causal genes for different types of dementia in clinically diagnosed familial and early-onset AD patients suggests a need to screen for mutations of the dementia-causal genes in cases of AD to avoid misdiagnosis. These mutations also support the idea that there are overlapping pathomechanisms between AD and other forms of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihong Wang
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Deng-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Hong-Yan Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Lingyan Ma
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zonglin Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Rui Bi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Min Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China
| | - Liwen Tan
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Baoci Shan
- Division of Nuclear Technology and Applications, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Beijing, 100049, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; KIZ - CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China.
| | - Tao Feng
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China; Parkinson's Disease Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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137
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Hecker J, Prokopenko D, Lange C, Fier HL. PolyGEE: a generalized estimating equation approach to the efficient and robust estimation of polygenic effects in large-scale association studies. Biostatistics 2019; 19:295-306. [PMID: 28968646 PMCID: PMC5991211 DOI: 10.1093/biostatistics/kxx040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To quantify polygenic effects, i.e. undetected genetic effects, in large-scale association studies, we propose a generalized estimating equation (GEE) based estimation framework. We develop a marginal model for single-variant association test statistics of complex diseases that generalizes existing approaches such as LD Score regression and that is applicable to population-based designs, to family-based designs or to arbitrary combinations of both. We extend the standard GEE approach so that the parameters of the proposed marginal model can be estimated based on working-correlation/linkage-disequilibrium (LD) matrices from external reference panels. Our method achieves substantial efficiency gains over standard approaches, while it is robust against misspecification of the LD structure, i.e. the LD structure of the reference panel can differ substantially from the true LD structure in the study population. In simulation studies and in applications to population-based and family-based studies, we illustrate the features of the proposed GEE framework. Our results suggest that our approach can be up to 100% more efficient than existing methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Hecker
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA and Department of Genomic Mathematics, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dmitry Prokopenko
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christoph Lange
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Heide Loehlein Fier
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA and Department of Genomic Mathematics, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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138
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Xiang B, Wang Q, Lei W, Li M, Li Y, Zhao L, Ma X, Wang Y, Yu H, Li X, Meng Y, Guo W, Deng W, Ren H, Li T. Genes in immune pathways associated with abnormal white matter integrity in first-episode and treatment-naïve patients with schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 2019; 214:281-287. [PMID: 30722794 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2018.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have inferred a strong genetic component in schizophrenia. However, the genetic variants involved in the susceptibility to schizophrenia remain unclear.AimsTo detect potential gene pathways and networks associated with schizophrenia, and to explore the relationship between common and rare variants in these pathways and abnormal white matter integrity in schizophrenia. METHOD The analysis included 100 first-episode treatment-naïve patients with schizophrenia and 140 healthy controls. A network-based analysis was carried out on the data collected from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Phase I (PGC-I). Based on our genome-wide association study and whole-exome sequencing data-sets, we performed a gene-set analysis to detect associations between the combining effects of common and rare genetic variants and abnormal white matter integrity in schizophrenia. RESULTS Patients had significantly reduced functional anisotropy in the left and right anterior cingulate cortex, left and right precuneus and extra-nuclear (t = 4.61-5.10, PFDR < 0.01), compared with controls. Generated from co-expression network analysis of the PGC-1 summary statistics of schizophrenia, a subnetwork of 207 genes associated with schizophrenia was identified (P < 0.01), and 176 genes were co-expressed in four gene modules. Functional enrichment analysis for genes in each module revealed that the yellow module was enriched with highly co-expressed, innate immune response genes. Furthermore, rare variants of enriched genes in the yellow module were associated with reduced functional anisotropy in the left anterior cingulate cortex (P = 0.006; Padjusted = 0.024) in patients only. CONCLUSIONS The pathogenesis of schizophrenia may be substantially influenced by genes involved in the immune system, via both pathway and network.Declaration of interestsNone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiang
- Assistant Professor,Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Brain Research Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University; andDepartment of Psychiatry,Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University,China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Professor,Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Brain Research Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University,China
| | - Wei Lei
- Assistant Professor,Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Brain Research Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University; andDepartment of Psychiatry,Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University,China
| | - Mingli Li
- Associate Professor,Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Brain Research Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University,China
| | - Yinfei Li
- Attending Doctor,Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Brain Research Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University,China
| | - Liansheng Zhao
- Assistant Professor,Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Brain Research Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University,China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- Professor,Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Brain Research Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University,China
| | - Yingcheng Wang
- Assistant Professor,Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Brain Research Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University,China
| | - Hua Yu
- Attending Doctor,Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Brain Research Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University,China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Attending Doctor,Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Brain Research Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University,China
| | - Yajing Meng
- Attending Doctor,Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Brain Research Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University,China
| | - Wanjun Guo
- Associate Professor,Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Brain Research Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University,China
| | - Wei Deng
- Associate Professor,Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Brain Research Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University,China
| | - Hongyan Ren
- Attending Doctor,Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Brain Research Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University,China
| | - Tao Li
- Professor,Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Brain Research Center,West China Hospital of Sichuan University,China
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139
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Wei CJ, Cui P, Li H, Lang WJ, Liu GY, Ma XF. Shared genes between Alzheimer's disease and ischemic stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:855-864. [PMID: 30859738 PMCID: PMC6630005 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Although converging evidence from experimental and epidemiological studies indicates Alzheimer's disease (AD) and ischemic stroke (IS) are related, the genetic basis underlying their links is less well characterized. Traditional SNP‐based genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have failed to uncover shared susceptibility variants of AD and IS. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate whether pleiotropic genes existed between AD and IS to account for their phenotypic association, although this was not reported in previous studies. Methods Taking advantage of large‐scale GWAS summary statistics of AD (17,008 AD cases and 37,154 controls) and IS (10,307 IS cases and 19,326 controls), we performed gene‐based analysis implemented in VEGAS2 and Fisher's meta‐analysis of the set of overlapped genes of nominal significance in both diseases. Subsequently, gene expression analysis in AD‐ or IS‐associated expression datasets was conducted to explore the transcriptional alterations of pleiotropic genes identified. Results 16 AD‐IS pleiotropic genes surpassed the cutoff for Bonferroni‐corrected significance. Notably, MS4A4A and TREM2, two established AD‐susceptibility genes showed remarkable alterations in the spleens and brains afflicted by IS, respectively. Among the prioritized genes identified by virtue of literature‐based knowledge, most are immune‐relevant genes (EPHA1, MS4A4A, UBE2L3 and TREM2), implicating crucial roles of the immune system in the pathogenesis of AD and IS. Conclusions The observation that AD and IS had shared disease‐associated genes offered mechanistic insights into their common pathogenesis, predominantly involving the immune system. More importantly, our findings have important implications for future research directions, which are encouraged to verify the involvement of these candidates in AD and IS and interpret the exact molecular mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Juan Wei
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Pan Cui
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen-Jing Lang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Gui-You Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Ma
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
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140
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Carvalho CM, Pan PM, Ota VK, Spindola LM, Xavier G, Santoro ML, Mazzotti DR, Pellegrino R, Hakonarson H, Rohde LA, Miguel EC, Gadelha A, Bressan RA, Belangero SI. Effects of the interaction between genetic factors and maltreatment on child and adolescent psychiatric disorders. Psychiatry Res 2019; 273:575-577. [PMID: 30716596 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of the interaction between child maltreatment (CM) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on development of mental disorders (MD) and psychopathology. We genotyped 720 individuals from a Brazilian community school-based prospective study, focusing on SNPs in 21 genes known to be associated with mental disorders. CM was assessed via a multi-informant-measure, which was previously validated. To test G × CM, we used linear or logistic models depending on variable evaluated (MD or dimensional psychopathology). After Bonferroni multiple comparison correction, we did not find any statistically significant association of G × CM with either MD or psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Muniz Carvalho
- Genetics Division of the Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Pedro M Pan
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa K Ota
- Genetics Division of the Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Letícia M Spindola
- Genetics Division of the Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Xavier
- Genetics Division of the Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Marcos L Santoro
- Genetics Division of the Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Diego R Mazzotti
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Renata Pellegrino
- Laboratory Center for Applied Genomics of Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Laboratory Center for Applied Genomics of Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | | | - Ary Gadelha
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Bressan
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Sintia I Belangero
- Genetics Division of the Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Brazil.
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141
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Sun R, Hui S, Bader GD, Lin X, Kraft P. Powerful gene set analysis in GWAS with the Generalized Berk-Jones statistic. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007530. [PMID: 30875371 PMCID: PMC6436759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A common complementary strategy in Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) is to perform Gene Set Analysis (GSA), which tests for the association between one phenotype of interest and an entire set of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) residing in selected genes. While there exist many tools for performing GSA, popular methods often include a number of ad-hoc steps that are difficult to justify statistically, provide complicated interpretations based on permutation inference, and demonstrate poor operating characteristics. Additionally, the lack of gold standard gene set lists can produce misleading results and create difficulties in comparing analyses even across the same phenotype. We introduce the Generalized Berk-Jones (GBJ) statistic for GSA, a permutation-free parametric framework that offers asymptotic power guarantees in certain set-based testing settings. To adjust for confounding introduced by different gene set lists, we further develop a GBJ step-down inference technique that can discriminate between gene sets driven to significance by single genes and those demonstrating group-level effects. We compare GBJ to popular alternatives through simulation and re-analysis of summary statistics from a large breast cancer GWAS, and we show how GBJ can increase power by incorporating information from multiple signals in the same gene. In addition, we illustrate how breast cancer pathway analysis can be confounded by the frequency of FGFR2 in pathway lists. Our approach is further validated on two other datasets of summary statistics generated from GWAS of height and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shirley Hui
- The Donnelly Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary D. Bader
- The Donnelly Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xihong Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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142
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Salvatore JE, Han S, Farris SP, Mignogna KM, Miles MF, Agrawal A. Beyond genome-wide significance: integrative approaches to the interpretation and extension of GWAS findings for alcohol use disorder. Addict Biol 2019; 24:275-289. [PMID: 29316088 PMCID: PMC6037617 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a heritable complex behavior. Due to the highly polygenic nature of AUD, identifying genetic variants that comprise this heritable variation has proved to be challenging. With the exception of functional variants in alcohol metabolizing genes (e.g. ADH1B and ALDH2), few other candidate loci have been confidently linked to AUD. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of AUD and other alcohol-related phenotypes have either produced few hits with genome-wide significance or have failed to replicate on further study. These issues reinforce the complex nature of the genetic underpinnings for AUD and suggest that both GWAS studies with larger samples and additional analysis approaches that better harness the nominally significant loci in existing GWAS are needed. Here, we review approaches of interest in the post-GWAS era, including in silico functional analyses; functional partitioning of single nucleotide polymorphism heritability; aggregation of signal into genes and gene networks; and validation of identified loci, genes and gene networks in postmortem brain tissue and across species. These integrative approaches hold promise to illuminate our understanding of the biological basis of AUD; however, we recognize that the main challenge continues to be the extremely polygenic nature of AUD, which necessitates large samples to identify multiple loci associated with AUD liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E. Salvatore
- Department of Psychology; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond VA USA
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond VA USA
| | - Shizhong Han
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Iowa; Iowa City IA USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Sean P. Farris
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research; The University of Texas at Austin; Austin TX USA
| | - Kristin M. Mignogna
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond VA USA
| | - Michael F. Miles
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond VA USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry; Washington University School of Medicine; Saint Louis MO USA
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143
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Candidate gene analyses for acute pain and morphine analgesia after pediatric day surgery: African American versus European Caucasian ancestry and dose prediction limits. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2019; 19:570-581. [PMID: 30760877 PMCID: PMC6693985 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-019-0074-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute pain and opioid analgesia demonstrate inter-individual variability and polygenic influence. In 241 children of African American and 277 of European Caucasian ancestry, we sought to replicate select candidate gene associations with morphine dose and postoperative pain and then to estimate dose prediction limits. Twenty-seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from nine genes (ABCB1, ARRB2, COMT, DRD2, KCNJ6, MC1R, OPRD1, OPRM1, and UGT2B7) met selection criteria and were analyzed along with TAOK3. Few associations replicated: morphine dose (mcg/kg) in African American children and ABCB1 rs1045642 (A allele, β = -9.30, 95% CI: -17.25 to -1.35, p = 0.02) and OPRM1 rs1799971 (G allele, β = 23.19, 95% CI: 3.27-43.11, p = 0.02); KCNJ6 rs2211843 and high pain in African American subjects (T allele, OR 2.08, 95% CI: 1.17-3.71, p = 0.01) and in congruent European Caucasian pain phenotypes; and COMT rs740603 for high pain in European Caucasian subjects (A allele, OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.48-0.99, p = 0.046). With age, body mass index, and physical status as covariates, simple top SNP candidate gene models could explain theoretical maximums of 24.2% (European Caucasian) and 14.6% (African American) of morphine dose variances.
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Ferreira MAR, Vonk JM, Baurecht H, Marenholz I, Tian C, Hoffman JD, Helmer Q, Tillander A, Ullemar V, Lu Y, Rüschendorf F, Hinds DA, Hübner N, Weidinger S, Magnusson PKE, Jorgenson E, Lee YA, Boomsma DI, Karlsson R, Almqvist C, Koppelman GH, Paternoster L. Eleven loci with new reproducible genetic associations with allergic disease risk. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 143:691-699. [PMID: 29679657 PMCID: PMC7189804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified 99 loci that contain genetic risk variants shared between asthma, hay fever, and eczema. Many more risk loci shared between these common allergic diseases remain to be discovered, which could point to new therapeutic opportunities. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify novel risk loci shared between asthma, hay fever, and eczema by applying a gene-based test of association to results from a published GWAS that included data from 360,838 subjects. METHODS We used approximate conditional analysis to adjust the results from the published GWAS for the effects of the top risk variants identified in that study. We then analyzed the adjusted GWAS results with the EUGENE gene-based approach, which combines evidence for association with disease risk across regulatory variants identified in different tissues. Novel gene-based associations were followed up in an independent sample of 233,898 subjects from the UK Biobank study. RESULTS Of the 19,432 genes tested, 30 had a significant gene-based association at a Bonferroni-corrected P value of 2.5 × 10-6. Of these, 20 were also significantly associated (P < .05/30 = .0016) with disease risk in the replication sample, including 19 that were located in 11 loci not reported to contain allergy risk variants in previous GWASs. Among these were 9 genes with a known function that is directly relevant to allergic disease: FOSL2, VPRBP, IPCEF1, PRR5L, NCF4, APOBR, IL27, ATXN2L, and LAT. For 4 genes (eg, ATXN2L), a genetically determined decrease in gene expression was associated with decreased allergy risk, and therefore drugs that inhibit gene expression or function are predicted to ameliorate disease symptoms. The opposite directional effect was observed for 14 genes, including IL27, a cytokine known to suppress TH2 responses. CONCLUSION Using a gene-based approach, we identified 11 risk loci for allergic disease that were not reported in previous GWASs. Functional studies that investigate the contribution of the 19 associated genes to the pathophysiology of allergic disease and assess their therapeutic potential are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A R Ferreira
- Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Judith M Vonk
- Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hansjörg Baurecht
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ingo Marenholz
- Max Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Clinic for Pediatric Allergy, Experimental and Clinical Research Center of Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Joshua D Hoffman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Quinta Helmer
- Department Biological Psychology, Netherlands Twin Register, Vrije University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annika Tillander
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the Swedish Twin Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vilhelmina Ullemar
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the Swedish Twin Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the Swedish Twin Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Norbert Hübner
- Max Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Weidinger
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the Swedish Twin Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Jorgenson
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, Calif
| | - Young-Ae Lee
- Max Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Clinic for Pediatric Allergy, Experimental and Clinical Research Center of Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department Biological Psychology, Netherlands Twin Register, Vrije University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the Swedish Twin Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catarina Almqvist
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the Swedish Twin Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Unit at Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerard H Koppelman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, and University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lavinia Paternoster
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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145
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Gettler K, Giri M, Kenigsberg E, Martin J, Chuang LS, Hsu NY, Denson LA, Hyams JS, Griffiths A, Noe JD, Crandall WV, Mack DR, Kellermayer R, Abraham C, Hoffman G, Kugathasan S, Cho JH. Prioritizing Crohn's disease genes by integrating association signals with gene expression implicates monocyte subsets. Genes Immun 2019; 20:577-588. [PMID: 30692607 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-019-0059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified ~170 loci associated with Crohn's disease (CD) and defining which genes drive these association signals is a major challenge. The primary aim of this study was to define which CD locus genes are most likely to be disease related. We developed a gene prioritization regression model (GPRM) by integrating complementary mRNA expression datasets, including bulk RNA-Seq from the terminal ileum of 302 newly diagnosed, untreated CD patients and controls, and in stimulated monocytes. Transcriptome-wide association and co-expression network analyses were performed on the ileal RNA-Seq datasets, identifying 40 genome-wide significant genes. Co-expression network analysis identified a single gene module, which was substantially enriched for CD locus genes and most highly expressed in monocytes. By including expression-based and epigenetic information, we refined likely CD genes to 2.5 prioritized genes per locus from an average of 7.8 total genes. We validated our model structure using cross-validation and our prioritization results by protein-association network analyses, which demonstrated significantly higher CD gene interactions for prioritized compared with non-prioritized genes. Although individual datasets cannot convey all of the information relevant to a disease, combining data from multiple relevant expression-based datasets improves prediction of disease genes and helps to further understanding of disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Gettler
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510, USA
| | - Mamta Giri
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Ephraim Kenigsberg
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Jerome Martin
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Ling-Shiang Chuang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Nai-Yun Hsu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Lee A Denson
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Oio, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Hyams
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Anne Griffiths
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua D Noe
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Wallace V Crandall
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - David R Mack
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario IBD Centre and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Kellermayer
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Clara Abraham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510, USA
| | - Gabriel Hoffman
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Subra Kugathasan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Judy H Cho
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA.
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146
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Comparison of methods for multivariate gene-based association tests for complex diseases using common variants. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 27:811-823. [PMID: 30683923 PMCID: PMC6461986 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0327-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex diseases are usually associated with multiple correlated phenotypes, and the analysis of composite scores or disease status may not fully capture the complexity (or multidimensionality). Joint analysis of multiple disease-related phenotypes in genetic tests could potentially increase power to detect association of a disease with common SNPs (or genes). Gene-based tests are designed to identify genes containing multiple risk variants that individually are weakly associated with a univariate trait. We combined three multivariate association tests (O'Brien method, TATES, and MultiPhen) with two gene-based association tests (GATES and VEGAS) and compared performance (type I error and power) of six multivariate gene-based methods using simulated data. Data (n = 2000) for genetic sequence and correlated phenotypes were simulated by varying causal variant proportions and phenotype correlations for various scenarios. These simulations showed that two multivariate association tests (TATES and MultiPhen, but not O'Brien) paired with VEGAS have inflated type I error in all scenarios, while the three multivariate association tests paired with GATES have correct type I error. MultiPhen paired with GATES has higher power than competing methods if the correlations among phenotypes are low (r < 0.57). We applied these gene-based association methods to a GWAS dataset from the Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium containing three neuropathological traits related to Alzheimer disease (neuritic plaque, neurofibrillary tangles, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy) measured in 3500 autopsied brains. Gene-level significant evidence (P < 2.7 × 10-6) was identified in a region containing three contiguous genes (TRAPPC12, TRAPPC12-AS1, ADI1) using O'Brien and VEGAS. Gene-wide significant associations were not observed in univariate gene-based tests.
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147
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Lin WY, Huang CC, Liu YL, Tsai SJ, Kuo PH. Genome-Wide Gene-Environment Interaction Analysis Using Set-Based Association Tests. Front Genet 2019; 9:715. [PMID: 30693016 PMCID: PMC6339974 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of gene-environment interactions (G × E) may eventually guide health-related choices and medical interventions for complex diseases. More powerful methods must be developed to identify G × E. The “adaptive combination of Bayes factors method” (ADABF) has been proposed as a powerful genome-wide polygenic approach to detect G × E. In this work, we evaluate its performance when serving as a gene-based G × E test. We compare ADABF with six tests including the “Set-Based gene-EnviRonment InterAction test” (SBERIA), “gene-environment set association test” (GESAT), etc. With extensive simulations, SBERIA and ADABF are found to be more powerful than other G × E tests. However, SBERIA suffers from a power loss when 50% SNP main effects are in the same direction with the SNP × E interaction effects while 50% are in the opposite direction. We further applied these seven G × E methods to the Taiwan Biobank data to explore gene× alcohol interactions on blood pressure levels. The ADAMTS7P1 gene at chromosome 15q25.2 was detected to interact with alcohol consumption on diastolic blood pressure (p = 9.5 × 10−7, according to the GESAT test). At this gene, the P-values provided by other six tests all reached the suggestive significance level (p < 5 × 10−5). Regarding the computation time required for a genome-wide G × E analysis, SBERIA is the fastest method, followed by ADABF. Considering the validity, power performance, robustness, and computation time, ADABF is recommended for genome-wide G × E analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yu Lin
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chieh Huang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Psychiatry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiu Kuo
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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148
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Xiang B, Yang BZ, Zhou H, Kranzler HR, Gelernter J. GWAS and network analysis of co-occurring nicotine and alcohol dependence identifies significantly associated alleles and network. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2019; 180:3-11. [PMID: 30488612 PMCID: PMC6918694 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol dependence (AD) and nicotine dependence (ND) co-occur frequently (AD+ND). We integrated SNP-based, gene-based, and protein-protein interaction network analyses to identify shared risk genes or gene subnetworks for AD+ND in African Americans (AAs, N = 2,094) and European Americans (EAs, N = 1,207). The DSM-IV criterion counts for AD and ND were modeled as two dependent variables in a multivariate linear mixed model, and analyzed separately for the two populations. The most significant SNP was rs6579845 in EAs (p < 1.29 × 10-8 ) in GM2A, which encodes GM2 ganglioside activator, and is a cis-expression quantitative locus that affects GM2A expression in blood and brain tissues. However, this SNP was not replicated in our another small sample (N = 678). We identified a subnetwork of 24 genes that contributed to the AD+ND criterion counts. In the gene-set analysis for the subnetwork in an independent sample, the Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment project (predominately EAs), these 24 genes as a set differed in AD+ND versus control subjects in EAs (p = .041). Functional enrichment analysis for this subnetwork revealed that the gene enrichment involved primarily nerve growth factor pathways, and cocaine and amphetamine addiction. In conclusion, we identified a genome-wide significant variant at GM2A and a gene subnetwork underlying the genetic trait of shared AD+ND. These results increase our understanding of the shared (pleiotropic) genetic risk that underlies AD+ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, and VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bao-Zhu Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, and VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, and VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Henry R. Kranzler
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania and VISN 4 MIRECC, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, and VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA,Departments of Genetics and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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149
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Ostrom QT, Coleman W, Huang W, Rubin JB, Lathia JD, Berens ME, Speyer G, Liao P, Wrensch MR, Eckel-Passow JE, Armstrong G, Rice T, Wiencke JK, McCoy LS, Hansen HM, Amos CI, Bernstein JL, Claus EB, Houlston RS, Il’yasova D, Jenkins RB, Johansen C, Lachance DH, Lai RK, Merrell RT, Olson SH, Sadetzki S, Schildkraut JM, Shete S, Andersson U, Rajaraman P, Chanock SJ, Linet MS, Wang Z, Yeager M, Melin B, Bondy ML, Barnholtz-Sloan JS. Sex-specific gene and pathway modeling of inherited glioma risk. Neuro Oncol 2019; 21:71-82. [PMID: 30124908 PMCID: PMC6303471 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To date, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 25 risk variants for glioma, explaining 30% of heritable risk. Most histologies occur with significantly higher incidence in males, and this difference is not explained by currently known risk factors. A previous GWAS identified sex-specific glioma risk variants, and this analysis aims to further elucidate risk variation by sex using gene- and pathway-based approaches. Methods Results from the Glioma International Case-Control Study were used as a testing set, and results from 3 GWAS were combined via meta-analysis and used as a validation set. Using summary statistics for nominally significant autosomal SNPs (P < 0.01 in a previous meta-analysis) and nominally significant X-chromosome SNPs (P < 0.01), 3 algorithms (Pascal, BimBam, and GATES) were used to generate gene scores, and Pascal was used to generate pathway scores. Results were considered statistically significant in the discovery set when P < 3.3 × 10-6 and in the validation set when P < 0.001 in 2 of 3 algorithms. Results Twenty-five genes within 5 regions and 19 genes within 6 regions reached statistical significance in at least 2 of 3 algorithms in males and females, respectively. EGFR was significantly associated with all glioma and glioblastoma in males only and a female-specific association in TERT, all of which remained nominally significant after conditioning on known risk loci. There were nominal associations with the BioCarta telomeres pathway in both males and females. Conclusions These results provide additional evidence that there may be differences by sex in genetic risk for glioma. Additional analyses may further elucidate the biological processes through which this risk is conferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn T Ostrom
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - William Huang
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael E Berens
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Gil Speyer
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Peter Liao
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Margaret R Wrensch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeanette E Eckel-Passow
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Georgina Armstrong
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Terri Rice
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John K Wiencke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lucie S McCoy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Helen M Hansen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jonine L Bernstein
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Claus
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard S Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Dora Il’yasova
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Cancer Control and Prevention Program, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert B Jenkins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christoffer Johansen
- Oncology Clinic, Finsen Center, Rigshospitalet and Survivorship Research Unit, The Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel H Lachance
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rose K Lai
- Departments of Neurology and Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ryan T Merrell
- Department of Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Sara H Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Siegal Sadetzki
- Cancer and Radiation Epidemiology Unit, Gertner Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joellen M Schildkraut
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Ulrika Andersson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Preetha Rajaraman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
- Core Genotyping Facility, National Cancer Institute, SAIC-Frederick, Inc, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Martha S Linet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
- Core Genotyping Facility, National Cancer Institute, SAIC-Frederick, Inc, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
- Core Genotyping Facility, National Cancer Institute, SAIC-Frederick, Inc, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Beatrice Melin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Melissa L Bondy
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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