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Sharma J, Bhar S, Devi CS. A review on interleukins: The key manipulators in rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2017; 27:723-746. [DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2016.1266071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Sharma
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Sutonuka Bhar
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - C. Subathra Devi
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
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102
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Bolzoni M, Ronchetti D, Storti P, Donofrio G, Marchica V, Costa F, Agnelli L, Toscani D, Vescovini R, Todoerti K, Bonomini S, Sammarelli G, Vecchi A, Guasco D, Accardi F, Palma BD, Gamberi B, Ferrari C, Neri A, Aversa F, Giuliani N. IL21R expressing CD14 +CD16 + monocytes expand in multiple myeloma patients leading to increased osteoclasts. Haematologica 2017; 102:773-784. [PMID: 28057743 PMCID: PMC5395118 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.153841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow monocytes are primarily committed to osteoclast formation. It is, however, unknown whether potential primary alterations are specifically present in bone marrow monocytes from patients with multiple myeloma, smoldering myeloma or monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. We analyzed the immunophenotypic and transcriptional profiles of bone marrow CD14+ monocytes in a cohort of patients with different types of monoclonal gammopathies to identify alterations involved in myeloma-enhanced osteoclastogenesis. The number of bone marrow CD14+CD16+ cells was higher in patients with active myeloma than in those with smoldering myeloma or monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Interestingly, sorted bone marrow CD14+CD16+ cells from myeloma patients were more pro-osteoclastogenic than CD14+CD16-cells in cultures ex vivo. Moreover, transcriptional analysis demonstrated that bone marrow CD14+ cells from patients with multiple myeloma (but neither monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance nor smoldering myeloma) significantly upregulated genes involved in osteoclast formation, including IL21R. IL21R mRNA over-expression by bone marrow CD14+ cells was independent of the presence of interleukin-21. Consistently, interleukin-21 production by T cells as well as levels of interleukin-21 in the bone marrow were not significantly different among monoclonal gammopathies. Thereafter, we showed that IL21R over-expression in CD14+ cells increased osteoclast formation. Consistently, interleukin-21 receptor signaling inhibition by Janex 1 suppressed osteoclast differentiation from bone marrow CD14+ cells of myeloma patients. Our results indicate that bone marrow monocytes from multiple myeloma patients show distinct features compared to those from patients with indolent monoclonal gammopathies, supporting the role of IL21R over-expression by bone marrow CD14+ cells in enhanced osteoclast formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bolzoni
- Myeloma Unit, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Domenica Ronchetti
- Dept. of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy.,Hematology Unit, "Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda", Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Storti
- Myeloma Unit, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy.,CoreLab, University Hospital of Parma, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Gaetano Donofrio
- Dept. of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Valentina Marchica
- Myeloma Unit, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy.,CoreLab, University Hospital of Parma, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Federica Costa
- Myeloma Unit, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Agnelli
- Dept. of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy.,Hematology Unit, "Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda", Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Denise Toscani
- Myeloma Unit, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Rosanna Vescovini
- Myeloma Unit, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Katia Todoerti
- Laboratory of Pre-clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella Sammarelli
- Myeloma Unit, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy.,Hematology and BMT Center, University Hospital of Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Vecchi
- Infectious Disease Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Italy
| | - Daniela Guasco
- Myeloma Unit, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Accardi
- Myeloma Unit, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy.,Hematology and BMT Center, University Hospital of Parma, Italy
| | - Benedetta Dalla Palma
- Myeloma Unit, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy.,Hematology and BMT Center, University Hospital of Parma, Italy
| | - Barbara Gamberi
- "Dip. Oncologico e Tecnologie Avanzate", IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Carlo Ferrari
- Infectious Disease Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Italy
| | - Antonino Neri
- Dept. of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy.,Hematology Unit, "Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda", Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Aversa
- Myeloma Unit, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy.,CoreLab, University Hospital of Parma, Rionero in Vulture, Italy.,Hematology and BMT Center, University Hospital of Parma, Italy
| | - Nicola Giuliani
- Myeloma Unit, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy .,CoreLab, University Hospital of Parma, Rionero in Vulture, Italy.,Hematology and BMT Center, University Hospital of Parma, Italy
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103
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Wang JY, Yuan Y, Chen XJ, Fu SG, Zhang L, Hong YL, You SF, Yang YQ. Extract from Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. ameliorates arthritis via regulation of inflammation, synoviocyte proliferation and osteoclastogenesis in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:609-616. [PMID: 27743778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., a valuable Chinese herb, has shown a variety of health benefits. Despite the widespread clinical use of this herb to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), very few studies have described its anti-pathological effects or mechanism in RA. The present study investigated the mechanism of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. in an experimental collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of four different Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. extracts on the proliferation of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS) were screened in an MTT assay, and apoptotic effects were detected by flow cytometry. Among the extracts, the 70% ethanol extract (EU70) presented the best inhibition and was further investigated for its curative effect in CIA rats. Foot swelling was detected, and the arthritis index (AI) was scored. Pathological improvement was assessed by haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of joint tissues. The mechanistic effects of EU70 were investigated as follows: anti-inflammatory effects in Th17-positive cells by flow cytometry; serum levels of inflammatory cytokines by ELISA; TNFα and IL-1β expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC); and anti-osteoclastogenesis by QPCR detection of RANKL and OPG mRNA. RESULTS Compared with vehicle treatment in CIA model rats, EU70 significantly ameliorated foot swelling, decreased AI in vivo and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and synoviocyte proliferation. EU70 decreased the number of Th17-positive cells in the spleen and the serum levels of cytokines, including IL-17, IL-1β and TNFα, and upregulated the serum levels of IL-10; these results indicated the anti-inflammatory effect of EU70. Moreover, EU70 effectively suppressed TNFα and IL-1β expression in the joint tissues and resulted in the downregulation of RANKL mRNA and the upregulation of OPG mRNA. These results revealed the possible preventive role of EU70 against bone destruction. CONCLUSION For the first time, these mechanisms and pathological improvements support the clinical use of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. in treating RA. The findings indicated that the 70% ethanol extract of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. could relieve RA symptoms by (1) suppressing the proliferation of synoviocytes, (2) reducing the number of Th17-positive cells and downregulating serum IL-17 expression, (3) increasing the anti-inflammatory effects of IL-10, (4) inhibiting the serum and tissue levels of key pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNFα and IL-1β, and (5) reducing the degradation of cartilage and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ying Wang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Chen
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Guang Fu
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Long Hong
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Fu You
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Qing Yang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, China.
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104
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HtrA2 suppresses autoimmune arthritis and regulates activation of STAT3. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39393. [PMID: 28008946 PMCID: PMC5180098 DOI: 10.1038/srep39393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that is related to the induction of T helper (Th)17 cells, which secrete interleukin-17, and activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3. The expression of high-temperature requirement protein A (HtrA) 2, a serine protease involved in apoptosis, was decreased in RA patients nonresponsive to drug treatment of RA. The aim of this study was to determine whether overexpression of HtrA2 has a therapeutic effect on RA. Th17 differentiation, osteoclastogenesis, and lymphocyte activation are increased in motor neuron degeneration (mnd)2 mice, which lack HtrA2 activity because of a missense mutation (Ser276Cys) in the protease domain of HtrA2. The inhibitor of HtrA2 also increased Th17 differentiation. On the other hand, HtrA2 induced cleavage of STAT3 and overexpression of HtrA2 attenuated CIA in a mouse model. HtrA2 overexpression inhibited plaque development as well as the differentiation of Th17 in ApoE-/- mice after immunization with proteoglycans to induce a hyperlipidemia-based RA animal model. The therapeutic function of HtrA2 in inflammatory diseases is linked with Th17 development and the STAT3 pathway in splenocytes. These results suggest that HtrA2 participates in immunomodulatory activity where the upregulation of HtrA2 may shed light on therapeutic approaches to RA and hyperlipidemia.
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105
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Gao QF, Zhang XH, Yuan FL, Zhao MD, Li X. Recombinant human endostatin inhibits TNF-alpha-induced receptor activator of NF-κB ligand expression in fibroblast-like synoviocytes in mice with adjuvant arthritis. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:1340-1348. [PMID: 27730697 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone loss is a critical pathology responsible for the functional disability in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is well known that receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL) plays a crucial role in bone loss in RA. The purpose of this study was to determine whether recombinant human endostatin (rh-endostatin) mediates bone erosion in RA by regulation of RANKL expression in an experimental model of RA, consisting of mice with adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA). Cultured AA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) obtained from these mice were induced by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) combined with or without rh-endostatin. The levels of RANKL and osteoprotegerin (OPG) mRNA, soluble and membrane-bound proteins were assessed by real-time PCR, ELISA, and Western blotting. Western blotting and the luciferase reporter assay were used to study related signaling pathways. Rh-endostatin inhibited RANKL mRNA expression, soluble and membrane-bound protein expression in AA FLSs but not in CD4+ T cells. However, OPG expression and secretion was not affected by rh-endostatin in AA FLSs. Molecular analysis demonstrated that rh-endostatin significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced MAPK and AP-1 signaling pathways. Moreover, rh-endostatin attenuated TNF-α-induced NF-κB signaling by suppressing the phosphorylation level of inhibitor kappaBα (IκBα) and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in FLSs from mice with AA. These results provide the first evidence that rh-endostatin inhibits TNF-α-induced RANKL expression in AA FLSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Fang Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214041, China
| | - Xiu-Hong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214041, China
| | - Feng-Lai Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Central Laboratory, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214041, China
| | - Ming-Dong Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214041, China
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106
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Bystrom J, Clanchy FI, Taher TE, Mangat P, Jawad AS, Williams RO, Mageed RA. TNFα in the regulation of Treg and Th17 cells in rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune inflammatory diseases. Cytokine 2016; 101:4-13. [PMID: 27639923 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
TNFα is a principal pro-inflammatory cytokine vital for immunity to infections. However, its excessive production is involved in chronic inflammation and disease pathology in autoimmune diseases. Evidence for its pathogenic role is validated by the fact that its neutralisation by therapeutic agents in vivo is beneficial in ameliorating disease and controlling symptoms. Paradoxically, however, treatment with TNFα inhibitors can either have no clinical effects, or even exacerbate disease in some patients. The explanation for such contradictory outcomes may lay in how and which downstream signalling pathways are activated and drive disease. TNFα causes its effects by binding to either or both of two membrane-bound receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2. Engagement of the receptors can induce cell death or cell proliferation. T cells both produce and respond to TNFα and depending on whether the cytokine is membrane-bound or soluble and the level of expression of its two receptors, the biological outcome can be distinct. In addition, polymorphisms in genes encoding TNFα and T cell signalling proteins can significantly impact the outcome of TNFα receptor engagement. Early studies revealed that effector T cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are hyporesponsive due to chronic exposure to TNFα. However, recent evidence indicates that the relationship between TNFα and T cell responses is complex and, at times, can be paradoxical. In addition, there is controversy as to the specific effects of TNFα on different T cell subsets. This review will summarise knowledge on how TNFα modulates T cell responses and the effect of engaging either of its two receptors. Furthermore, we discuss how such interactions can dictate the outcome of treatment with TNFα inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Bystrom
- Experimental Medicine and Rheumtology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - F I Clanchy
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Taher E Taher
- Experimental Medicine and Rheumtology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Pam Mangat
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal Free Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ali S Jawad
- Experimental Medicine and Rheumtology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Rizgar A Mageed
- Experimental Medicine and Rheumtology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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107
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Teixeira MKS, Lira-Junior R, Telles DM, Lourenço EJV, Figueredo CM. Th17-related cytokines in mucositis: is there any difference between peri-implantitis and periodontitis patients? Clin Oral Implants Res 2016; 28:816-822. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayla Kezy Silva Teixeira
- Department of Prosthodontics; Faculty of Odontology; Rio de Janeiro State University; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Lira-Junior
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Odontology; Rio de Janeiro State University; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Daniel Moraes Telles
- Department of Prosthodontics; Faculty of Odontology; Rio de Janeiro State University; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Marcelo Figueredo
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Odontology; Rio de Janeiro State University; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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108
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Tseng CC, Chang SJ, Tsai WC, Ou TT, Wu CC, Sung WY, Hsieh MC, Yen JH. Increased incidence of rheumatoid arthritis in multiple sclerosis: A nationwide cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3999. [PMID: 27368008 PMCID: PMC4937922 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Past studies have shown inconsistent results on whether there is an association between multiple sclerosis (MS) and rheumatoid arthritis. To investigate the possible relationship between the 2 autoimmune diseases, we performed a nationwide cohort study utilizing the National Health Insurance Research Database and the Registry of Catastrophic Illness.A total of 1456 newly diagnosed patients with MS and 10,362 control patients were matched for age, sex, and initial diagnosis date. Patients with MS had a higher incidence of rheumatoid arthritis (age-adjusted standardized incidence ratio: 1.72; 95% confidence interval = 1.01-2.91). There was a positive correlation in being diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis in patients previously diagnosed with MS when stratified by sex and age. The strength of this association remained statistically significant after adjusting for sex, age, and smoking history (hazard ratio: 1.78, 95% confidence interval = 1.24-2.56, P = 0.002).In conclusion, this study demonstrates that a diagnosis of MS increased the likelihood of a subsequent diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis in patients, independent of sex, age, and smoking history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chun Tseng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital
| | - Shun-Jen Chang
- Department of Kinesiology, Health and Leisure Studies, National University of Kaohsiung
- Correspondence: Shun-Jen Chang, Department of Kinesiology, Health and Leisure Studies, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (e-mail: ); Jeng-Hsien Yen, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (e-mail: )
| | - Wen-Chan Tsai
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
| | - Tsan-Teng Ou
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
| | - Cheng-Chin Wu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
| | - Wan-Yu Sung
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
| | - Ming-Chia Hsieh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung
| | - Jeng-Hsien Yen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Correspondence: Shun-Jen Chang, Department of Kinesiology, Health and Leisure Studies, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (e-mail: ); Jeng-Hsien Yen, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (e-mail: )
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109
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Enigma of IL-17 and Th17 Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis and in Autoimmune Animal Models of Arthritis. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:6145810. [PMID: 26903711 PMCID: PMC4745575 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6145810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common autoimmune disorders characterized by the chronic and progressive inflammation of various organs, most notably the synovia of joints leading to joint destruction, a shorter life expectancy, and reduced quality of life. Although we have substantial information about the pathophysiology of the disease with various groups of immune cells and soluble mediators identified to participate in the pathogenesis, several aspects of the altered immune functions and regulation in RA remain controversial. Animal models are especially useful in such scenarios. Recently research focused on IL-17 and IL-17 producing cells in various inflammatory diseases such as in RA and in different rodent models of RA. These studies provided occasionally contradictory results with IL-17 being more prominent in some of the models than in others; the findings of such experimental setups were sometimes inconclusive compared to the human data. The aim of this review is to summarize briefly the recent advancements on the role of IL-17, particularly in the different rodent models of RA.
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110
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Roberts CA, Dickinson AK, Taams LS. The Interplay Between Monocytes/Macrophages and CD4(+) T Cell Subsets in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2015; 6:571. [PMID: 26635790 PMCID: PMC4652039 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by inflammation of the synovial lining (synovitis). The inflammation in the RA joint is associated with and driven by immune cell infiltration, synovial hyperproliferation, and excessive production of proinflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interferon γ (IFNγ), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-17, eventually resulting in damage to the cartilage and underlying bone. The RA joint harbors a wide range of immune cell types, including monocytes, macrophages, and CD4(+) T cells (both proinflammatory and regulatory). The interplay between CD14(+) myeloid cells and CD4(+) T cells can significantly influence CD4(+) T cell function, and conversely, effector vs. regulatory CD4(+) T cell subsets can exert profound effects on monocyte/macrophage function. In this review, we will discuss how the interplay between CD4(+) T cells and monocytes/macrophages may contribute to the immunopathology of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceri A Roberts
- Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation (CMCBI), Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammatory Disease, King's College London , London , UK
| | - Abigail K Dickinson
- Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation (CMCBI), Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammatory Disease, King's College London , London , UK
| | - Leonie S Taams
- Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation (CMCBI), Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammatory Disease, King's College London , London , UK
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