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Choose pharmacological therapy for Behçet’s syndrome based on disease severity and organ involvement. DRUGS & THERAPY PERSPECTIVES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40267-013-0030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kanchinadham S, Potikuri D. Multiple pulmonary arterial aneurysms in a young male patient with incomplete Behçet's syndrome. Lung India 2013; 30:76-7. [PMID: 23661925 PMCID: PMC3644843 DOI: 10.4103/0970-2113.106121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kanchinadham
- Department of Rheumatology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, India E-mail:
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103
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Kaieda S, Zaizen Y, Nomura Y, Okabe K, Honda S, Kage M, Ida H, Hoshino T, Fukuda T. An autopsy case of refractory vasculo-Behçet’s disease. Mod Rheumatol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10165-013-0873-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Behçet's syndrome (BS) shows a peculiar distribution, with a much higher prevalence in countries along the ancient Silk Road compared with rest of the world. BS also seems to follow a more severe course in ethnic groups with higher prevalence. Diagnosis depends on clinical findings. Criteria sets may not help in patients with less frequent types of involvement. Management strategies should be modified according to the age and sex of the patient and the organs involved. Being a serious health problem in endemic areas, BS also attracts global attention as a model to study inflammatory diseases of unknown cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulen Hatemi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34089, Turkey
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105
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Kiss E, Dohán J, Németh J, Poór G. Behcet’s disease: a hardly diagnosed orphan disorder. Orv Hetil 2013; 154:93-101. [DOI: 10.1556/oh.2013.29528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Behcet’s disease is a multisystem autoimmune disease with variable clinial manifestations. The diagnosis may pose a difficult challenge for the clinician, who has to be familiar with the wide spectrum and combination of the symptoms of Behcet’s disease. It is considered a rare disease in Hungary, and there are only few reports on Behcet’s disease in the Hungarian literature. However, the past history of Hungary, the worldwide growing incidence of the disease, and the authors’ experience raise the possibility that the occurrence of the disease is higher than previously thought. In this review the authors present and discuss literature data on the pathogenesis and pathomechanism, as well as their own experience concerning the symptomatology of Behcet’s disease in order to promote diagnosis and offer adequate therapy for the patients. The authors presume that the importance of the disease is underestimated in Hungary due to a considerable number of unrecognized cases and they propose to establish a national registry for Behcets disease. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 93–101.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emese Kiss
- Országos Reumatológiai és Fizioterápiás Intézet Budapest Frankel Leó út 38–40. 1023
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar III. Belklinika, II. Reumatológiai Tanszéki Csoport (ORFI) Budapest
| | - Judit Dohán
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Szemészeti Klinika Budapest Tömő u. 25–29. 1083
| | - János Németh
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Szemészeti Klinika Budapest Tömő u. 25–29. 1083
| | - Gyula Poór
- Országos Reumatológiai és Fizioterápiás Intézet Budapest Frankel Leó út 38–40. 1023
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar III. Belklinika, II. Reumatológiai Tanszéki Csoport (ORFI) Budapest
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Lee JM, Ahn J, Hwang YJ, Kim SH, Lee JS, Choi SJ, Lee YH, Ji JD, Song GG. A Case of Behcet's Disease Complicated with a Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm and Deep Vein Thrombosis, Separately. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2013. [DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2013.20.1.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Min Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical College, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jemma Ahn
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical College, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Jae Hwang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical College, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Han Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical College, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Su Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical College, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Jae Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical College, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ho Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical College, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Dae Ji
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical College, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gwan Gyu Song
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical College, Seoul, Korea
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Kötter I, Xenitidis T, Fierlbeck G, Schanz S, Melms A, Horger M, Ernemann U, Deuter C. [Behçet's disease]. Z Rheumatol 2012; 71:685-96; quiz 697. [PMID: 23052559 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-012-1012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Behçet's disease is a systemic disorder with the histopathological correlate of leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Pathogenetically, besides a strong genetic component participation of the innate immune system and an autoinflammatory component are discussed. The disease is most common in countries along the former silk route but in Germany the disease is rare (prevalence approximately 0.6/100,000). Oral aphthous ulcers are the main symptom, followed by skin manifestations, genital ulcers and oligoarthritis of large joints. Severe manifestations, threatening quality of life and even life itself, are the gastrointestinal manifestations which often perforate, arterial, mainly pulmonary arterial aneurysms which cause life-threatening bleeding, CNS manifestations and ocular disease, which with occlusive retinal vasculitis often leads to blindness. For milder manifestations low-dose steroids and colchicine are used, for moderate manifestations such as arthritis or ocular disease not immediately threatening visual acuity, azathioprin or cyclosporin A are combined with steroids. For severe manifestations, interferon-alpha, TNF-antagonists or cytotoxic drugs are recommended. Interleukin 1 (IL-1) antagonists are currently being examined in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kötter
- Zentrum für Interdisziplinäre Rheumatologie Stuttgart, Rheumatologische Schwerpunktpraxis Stuttgart Bad-Cannstatt, Seelbergstr. 11, 70372, Stuttgart, Deutschland.
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Kötter I, Xenitidis T, Fierlbeck G, Schanz S, Melms A, Horger M, Ernemann U, Deuter C. Extraokuläre Manifestationen des Morbus Behçet. Ophthalmologe 2012; 109:548-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00347-011-2502-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Abstract
UNLABELLED DEFINITION OF THE DISEASE: Behçet disease (BD) is a chronic, relapsing, multisystemic disorder characterized by mucocutaneous, ocular, vascular and central nervous system manifestations. EPIDEMIOLOGY BD seems to cluster along the ancient Silk Road, which extends from eastern Asia to the Mediterranean basin. European cases are often described, not exclusively in the migrant population. CLINICAL DESCRIPTION The clinical spectrum includes oral and genital ulcerations, uveitis, vascular, neurological, articular, renal and gastrointestinal manifestations. ETIOLOGY The etiopathogenesis of the disease remains unknown, although genetic predisposition, environmental factors and immunological abnormalities have been implicated. DIAGNOSTIC METHODS Diagnosis is only based on clinical criteria. DIFFERRENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: It depends on the clinical presentation of BD, but sarcoidosis, multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease, Takayasu's arteritis, polychondritis or antiphospholipid syndrome need to be considered. MANAGEMENT Treatment is symptomatic using steroids and immunomodulatory therapy. It is efficient depending on the rapidity of initiation, the compliance, and the duration of therapy. PROGNOSIS The prognosis is severe due to the ocular, neurological and arterial involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Saadoun
- Service de Médecine Interne 2, Centre de Référence Maladies Autoimmunes rares, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, 83 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Wechsler
- Service de Médecine Interne 2, Centre de Référence Maladies Autoimmunes rares, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, 83 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
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Wu QJ, Zhang FC, Zhang X. Adamantiades-Behcet's disease-complicated gastroenteropathy. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:609-15. [PMID: 22363131 PMCID: PMC3281217 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i7.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/31/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adamantiades-Behcet’s disease (ABD) is a chronic, relapsing, systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology. It is more prevalent in populations along the ancient Silk Road from Eastern Asia to the Mediterranean Basin, and most frequently affects young adults between the second and fourth decades of life. ABD-complicated gastroenteropathy is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, with abdominal pain as the most common symptom. The ileocecal region is affected predominantly, with ulcerations that may lead to penetration and/or perforation, whereas other parts of the gastrointestinal system including the esophagus and stomach can also be affected. Endoscopy is useful to locate the site and extent of the lesions, and tissue biopsy is often warranted to examine the histopathology that is often suggestive of underlying vasculitis of small veins/venules or, alternatively in some cases, nonspecific inflammation. Bowel wall thickening is the most common finding on computed tomography scan. Treatment is largely empirical since well-controlled studies are difficult to conduct due to the heterogeneity of the disease, and the unpredictable course with exacerbation and remission. Corticosteroids with or without other immunosuppressive drugs, such as cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, sulfasalazine, tumor necrosis factor α antagonist or thalidomide should be applied before surgery, except in emergency.
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112
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Tuzun H, Seyahi E, Arslan C, Hamuryudan V, Besirli K, Yazici H. Management and prognosis of nonpulmonary large arterial disease in patients with Behçet disease. J Vasc Surg 2012; 55:157-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2011.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Seyahi E, Melikoglu M, Akman C, Hamuryudan V, Ozer H, Hatemi G, Yurdakul S, Tuzun H, Oz B, Yazici H. Pulmonary artery involvement and associated lung disease in Behçet disease: a series of 47 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2012; 91:35-48. [PMID: 22210555 DOI: 10.1097/md.0b013e318242ff37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary artery aneurysms (PAAs) are well known causes of mortality and morbidity in Behçet disease (BD). However, pulmonary artery involvement in BD is not limited to PAA; the other main type of pulmonary artery involvement is pulmonary artery thrombus (PAT), with or without associated PAA. In addition, other types of lung disease like nodules and cavities in the lung parenchyma are frequently associated with pulmonary artery involvement, and can be misinterpreted as being due to infection. We surveyed the clinical, radiologic, and laboratory characteristics and outcome of 47 BD patients with pulmonary artery involvement and the associated findings, all seen and followed at a single dedicated tertiary care center.We identified 47 (41 male, 6 female) patients in whom pulmonary artery involvement was diagnosed, who were registered in the multidisciplinary clinic at Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty between January 2000 and December 2007. Mean age at diagnosis was 29 ± 8 years, and mean disease duration to the onset of pulmonary artery involvement was 3.6 ± 4.8 years. Hemoptysis was the most common presenting symptom (79%) followed by cough, fever, dyspnea, and pleuritic chest pain. Thirty-four of 47 patients (72%) presented with PAA, including 8 with associated PAT. The remaining 13 patients (28%) had isolated PAT. Patients with isolated PAT in general have clinical features similar to patients with PAA. However, hemoptysis was less frequent and voluminous in patients with isolated PAT. Most (91%) of the patients had active disease outside the lungs when they presented with pulmonary artery involvement.Forty (85%) patients had nodules and 6 (13%) had cavities when first seen. Peripheral venous thrombosis was present in 36 of 47 (77%) patients, and intracardiac thrombi in 12 of the 36 (33%) patients. Nodules, cavities, and intracardiac thrombi were mainly present in the acute stages of pulmonary artery involvement.Pulmonary artery involvement is usually multiple, and involves mostly descending branches of the pulmonary artery. Pulmonary artery involvement may disappear, but arterial stenosis or occlusions usually develop at the same location. After a mean follow-up of 7 years, 12 of 47 (26%) patients were dead; patients with larger aneurysms were more likely to die. Sixteen of 47 (34%) patients were symptom free, and the remaining 40% had mild dyspnea (13/47) and/or small bouts of hemoptysis (8/47).Pulmonary artery pressure may be elevated, and may indicate a poor prognosis. Mediastinal lymphadenopathy and mild pleural and pericardial effusions may also be observed. Corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents are the mainstays of treatment; however, refractory cases may require embolization, lobectomy, cavitectomy, and decortication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emire Seyahi
- From Division of Rheumatology (ES, MM, VH, GH, SY, HY); Department of Radiology (CA, HO); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (HT); and Department of Pathology (BO); Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
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Saadoun D, Asli B, Wechsler B, Houman H, Geri G, Desseaux K, Piette JC, Huong DLT, Amoura Z, Salem TB, Cluzel P, Koskas F, Resche-Rigon M, Cacoub P. Long-term outcome of arterial lesions in Behçet disease: a series of 101 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2012; 91:18-24. [PMID: 22198498 DOI: 10.1097/md.0b013e3182428126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The vasculitis of Behçet disease (BD) is distinctive because of involvement of both arteries and veins of all sizes. The concept of vasculo-Behçet disease has been adopted for cases in which vascular manifestations are present and often dominate the clinical features. While venous manifestations are frequent and have been reported in many publications, data regarding arterial lesions in patients with BD are rare and often isolated. In this study, we report the main characteristics, treatment, and long-term outcome of 101 patients with arterial lesions among a cohort of 820 (12.3%) BD patients. Factors that affect prognosis were assessed by multivariate analysis. There were 93 (91.2%) male patients; the median (Q1-Q3) age at diagnosis of BD was 33 (27-41) years. Arterial lesions included aneurysms (47.3%), occlusions (36.5%), stenosis (13.5%), and aortitis (2.7%). Lesions mainly involved the aorta (n = 25) and femoral (n = 23) and pulmonary (n = 21) arteries. Patients with arterial lesions were more frequently male (91.2% vs. 62.4%, respectively; p = 0.017) and had higher rates of venous involvement (80.4% vs. 29.8%, respectively; p < 0.001) compared to patients without arterial manifestations. Thirty-nine (38.6%) patients achieved complete remission. In multivariate analysis, the presence of venous involvement (odds ratio [OR], 0.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.08-1.11) and arterial occlusive lesions (OR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.01-1.25) were negatively associated with complete remission. The use of immunosuppressants (OR, 3.38; 95% CI, 0.87-13.23) was associated with the occurrence of complete remission. The 20-year survival rate was significantly lower in BD patients with arterial involvement than in those without arterial lesions (73% vs. 89%, respectively; p < 0.0001). In conclusion, the long-term outcome of arterial lesions in BD is poor, especially in the case of occlusive lesions and associated venous involvement. The use of immunosuppressants improved the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Saadoun
- From Department of Internal Medicine (DS, BA, BW, GG, JCP, DLTH, ZA, P. Cacoub) and Laboratory I3 (DS) "Immunology, Immunopathology, Immunotherapy,'' UMR CNRS 7211, INSERM U959; Department of Radiology (P. Cluzel); and Department of Vascular Surgery (FK); Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6, Paris; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Data Processing (KD, MRR); INSERM U717, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France; and Department of Internal Medicine (HH, TBS), Hôpital La Rabta, Tunis, Tunisia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To alert physician to timely recognition and current treatment of recurrent hypopyon iridocyclitis or panuveitis in ocular Behçet disease (OBD). RECENT FINDINGS Interferon-α, rituximab, intravitreal triamcinolone, and biological response modifiers by tumor necrosis factor inhibitors such as infliximab and adalimumab are being used increasingly for the treatment of severe sight-threatening ocular inflammation including retinal vasculitis and cystoid macular edema (CME). SUMMARY Biological agents offer tremendous potential in the treatment of OBD. Given that OBD predominantly afflicts the younger adults in their most productive years, dermatologist, rheumatologist, internist, or general practitioners supervising patients with oculo-articulo-oromucocutaneous syndromes should be aware of systemic Behçet disease. Early recognition of ocular involvement is important and such patients should strongly be instructed to visit immediately an ophthalmologist, as uveitis management differs from extraocular involvements with high ocular morbidity from sight-threatening complications due to relapsing inflammatory attacks in the posterior segment of the eye. A single infliximab infusion should be considered for the control of acute panuveitis, whereas repeated long-term infliximab infusions were proved to be more effective in reducing the number of episodes in refractory uveoretinitis with faster regression and complete remission of CME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Evereklioglu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey
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Schreiber BE, Noor N, Juli CF, Haskard DO. Resolution of Behçet's Syndrome Associated Pulmonary Arterial Aneurysms with Infliximab. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2011; 41:482-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Agha A, Bella AME, Assiri AHM, Al-Hakami M. Can Behcet's Disease Related Pulmonary Arterial Aneurysms be Completely Resolved? Open Rheumatol J 2011; 5:88-90. [PMID: 22216070 PMCID: PMC3245488 DOI: 10.2174/1874312901105010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Behçet disease is a systemic disease with diverse clinical symptoms which include, but not limited to, patients having oral and genital ulcers and eye involvement. We here report an 18-year-old male presenting with massive hemoptysis and cardiac arrest, having history of ulcers in the oral cavity and genitalia as well as having recent episode of uveitis. A pulmonary CT angiography revealed bilateral arterial aneurysms of pulmonary vessels. On receiving Immunosuppressive treatment for Behcet disease with prednisone and azathioprine over one year the pulmonary arterial aneurysms were completely resolved and the patient was discharged from the hospital albeit with persistent hypoxic brain injury from cardiac arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Agha
- Armed Forces Hospital Southern Region, Khamis Mushyt, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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118
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Clinical and Pathological Manifestations with Differential Diagnosis in Behçet's Disease. PATHOLOGY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2011; 2012:690390. [PMID: 22191082 PMCID: PMC3236321 DOI: 10.1155/2012/690390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Behçet's disease is a multisystemic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology which usually occurs as a trait of symptoms: aphthous stomatitis, genital ulcerations, and ocular disease. At the beginning of the disease the diagnosis is uncertain because of various clinical manifestations and a long period up to the full clinical picture manifestation. Since neither the laboratory data nor the histopathological signs are truly pathognomonic in Behçet's disease, the differential diagnosis depends on a careful evaluation of the medical history and meticulous physical examination to detect concomitant systemic manifestations. Sometimes, some laboratory test may help establish the diagnosis. Subspecialty referral to ophthalmology, rheumatology, neurology, and gastroenterology should be considered when indicated.
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120
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The estimated pulmonary artery pressure can be elevated in Behçet’s syndrome. Respir Med 2011; 105:1739-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2011.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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121
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Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in the Mediterranean Area in Adults. Role of Behçet's Disease as an Underlying Cause. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2011; 3:e2011044. [PMID: 22110894 PMCID: PMC3219646 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2011.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral venous and dural sinus thrombosis (CVT) is a rare condition with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations. The epidemiology of the disease has evolved considerably during the recent decades with increasing oral contraceptive use in young and middle-aged women. CVT has various causes including genetic and acquired prothrombotic disorders and it usually has a favorable outcome with a low rate of thrombotic recurrence and mortality. Geographical and ethnic variations between populations may result in different distribution of CVT etiologies leading to different pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical presentations. In CVT series reported mostly from the Americas and the western European countries Behçet’s disease (BD) is not reported as a common cause of CVT. However it can be discerned as a frequent cause of CVT in BD series. Due to the high prevalence of BD in the southeast Mediterranean region BD is a frequent cause of CVT in the area. Discerning characteristics of patients with BD and CVT have been reported previously and these might be helpful in guiding diagnosis and treatment of CVT especially in this part of the world.
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122
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Behçet's Syndrome and Thrombosis. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2011; 3:e2011026. [PMID: 21869912 PMCID: PMC3152448 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2011.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Behçet syndrome (BS) is a multisystem vasculitis with unknown etiology and a unique geographic distribution. The disease course is characterized by exacerbations and remissions while abating as the years pass. The usual onset is in the third decade. Recurrent skin mucosa lesions and sight threatening panuveitis are the hallmark of the disease. Males are more severely affected than females. Vascular involvement can occur in up to 40% of cases. BS is unique among the vasculitides in that it may involve all sizes and types of vessels. It affects the veins more than the arteries. Lower extremity vein thrombosis is the most frequent manifestation of vascular involvement, followed by vena cava thrombosis, pulmonary artery aneurysms, Budd-Chiari syndrome, peripheral artery aneurysms, dural sinus thrombosis and abdominal aorta aneurysms. Vascular involvement is frequently associated with constitut onal symptoms and increased acute phase response and is the major cause of increased mortality. A predominantly neutrophilic vasculitis around the vaso vasorum is typical of BS. The thrombus is tightly adherent to the vessel wall which probably explains why thromboembolism is so rare despite the high frequency of venous disease. Thrombophilic factors do not seem to explain thrombotic tendency in BS. Immunosuppressive treatment is essential in suppression and preventing the attacks.
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123
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Hatemi G, Yazici H. Behçet’s syndrome and micro-organisms. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2011; 25:389-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Large vessel vasculitis occurs in a subgroup of patients with Behçet's disease who are at high risk for disease-related morbidity and mortality. Recognition of patients at risk, early detection of vasculitis, and aggressive treatment are essential for optimal care of these patients. We review the expanding knowledge on large vessel problems in Behçet's disease, highlighting recent contributions. RECENT FINDINGS Vasculo-Behçet patients are at risk for multiple vessel-related complications including thromboses, stenoses, occlusions, and aneurysms. The primary reason for clot seems to be an inflammatory process in the vessel wall. Less invasive endovascular procedures are increasingly used to treat aneurysms in Behçet patients. SUMMARY Because of earlier recognition, aggressive medical treatment, and novel surgical procedures, the morbidity and mortality of large vessel vasculitis in Behçet's disease are improving.
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125
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Behçet’s Syndrome: Clinical Presentations Affecting Prognosis and Survival. Autoimmune Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-85729-358-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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127
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Saadoun D, Wechsler B, Desseaux K, Le Thi Huong D, Amoura Z, Resche-Rigon M, Cacoub P. Mortality in Behçet's disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:2806-12. [PMID: 20496419 DOI: 10.1002/art.27568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the long-term mortality in patients with Behçet's disease (BD). METHODS A cohort of 817 patients fulfilling the international criteria for BD from a single center in France were analyzed for causes of death, the standardized mortality ratio (SMR), and the factors associated with mortality. RESULTS Among the 817 patients with BD, 41 (5%) died after a median followup of 7.7 years, of whom 95.1% were male. The mean ± SD age at death was 34.8 ± 11.9 years. Main causes of death included major vessel disease (mainly, arterial aneurysm and Budd-Chiari syndrome) (43.9%), cancer and malignant hemopathy (14.6%), central nervous system involvement (12.2%), and sepsis (12.2%). The mortality rate at 1 year and 5 years was 1.2% and 3.3%, respectively. There was an increased mortality among patients ages 15-24 years (SMR 2.99, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.54-5.39) and those ages 25-34 years (SMR 2.90, 95% CI 1.80-4.49) as compared with age-and sex-matched healthy controls. The mortality decreased in patients older than age 35 years (SMR 1.23, 95% CI 0.75-1.92). In multivariate analyses, male sex (hazard ratio [HR] 4.94, 95% CI 1.53-16.43), arterial involvement (HR 2.51, 95% CI 1.07-5.90), and a high number of BD flares (HR 2.37, 95% CI 1.09-5.14) were independently associated with the risk of mortality. CONCLUSION The overall mortality in our BD cohort was 5% after a median followup of 7.7 years. Male sex, arterial involvement, and the number of flares were associated with mortality in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Saadoun
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpétrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France.
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128
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Abstract
We report the case of a 46-year-old woman who noticed a swelling of the left supraclavicular fossa of rapid onset soon after a Mycoplasma Pneumoniae upper respiratory infection. On the basis of clinical history, physical examination and imaging findings, a diagnosis of chyloma due to intense non-productive coughing bouts was made. The supraclavicular swelling progressively disappeared after a few days. This observation prompted us to briefly review the pathophysiology of chylomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Chouinard
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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129
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[Multiple arterial thrombosis in Behçet's disease]. Rev Med Interne 2010; 31:e1-4. [PMID: 20362364 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2009.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2008] [Revised: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 05/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Behcet's disease (BD) is a multisystemic vasculitis. Its etiopathogeny remains unknown. Vascular involvement in BD is frequent and venous thrombosis is the most common manifestation (30% of cases). Arterial involvement is rare (2.7 to 7%). The latter is often severe and considered as a life threatening complication. Pathogenesis of thrombosis occurring in BD remains unclear. We report a 45-year-old man, from south of Tunisia, who presented a BD with a bifocal arterial involvement: right internal carotid thrombosis and bilateral proximal thrombosis of the two pulmonary arteries. Therapeutic strategies to address this multiple arterial involvement and the pathogenesis of thrombosis raise many questions.
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130
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Tazi-Mezalek Z, Ammouri W, Maamar M. Les atteintes vasculaires au cours de la maladie de Behçet. Rev Med Interne 2009; 30 Suppl 4:S232-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2009.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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131
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Maladie de Behçet et recommandations de l’EULAR : médecine fondée sur les preuves ou sur l’expérience clinique. Rev Med Interne 2009; 30:939-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2009.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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132
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Adalimumab treatment for life threatening pulmonary artery aneurysm in Behçet disease: a case report. Clin Rheumatol 2009; 29:91-3. [PMID: 19816754 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-009-1272-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2009] [Accepted: 08/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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133
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Keogan MT. Clinical Immunology Review Series: an approach to the patient with recurrent orogenital ulceration, including Behçet's syndrome. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 156:1-11. [PMID: 19210521 PMCID: PMC2673735 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03857.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients presenting with recurrent orogenital ulcers may have complex aphthosis, Behçet's disease, secondary complex aphthosis (e.g. Reiter's syndrome, Crohn's disease, cyclical neutropenia) or non-aphthous disease (including bullous disorders, erythema multiforme, erosive lichen planus). Behçet's syndrome is a multi-system vasculitis of unknown aetiology for which there is no diagnostic test. Diagnosis is based on agreed clinical criteria that require recurrent oral ulcers and two of the following: recurrent genital ulcers, ocular inflammation, defined skin lesions and pathergy. The condition can present with a variety of symptoms, hence a high index of suspicion is necessary. The most common presentation is with recurrent mouth ulcers, often with genital ulcers; however, it may take some years before diagnostic criteria are met. All patients with idiopathic orogenital ulcers should be kept under review, with periodic focused assessment to detect evolution into Behçet's disease. There is often a delay of several years between patients fulfilling diagnostic criteria and a diagnosis being made, which may contribute to the morbidity of this condition. Despite considerable research effort, the aetiology and pathogenesis of this condition remains enigmatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Keogan
- Department of Immunology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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134
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Abstract
Behçet's disease (BD) is a systemic vasculitis disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by relapsing episodes of oral aphthous ulcers, genital ulcers, skin lesions and ocular lesions. It can affect other systems including vascular, gastrointestinal and neurological systems. It occurs most frequently in an area that coincides with the Old Silk Route (between latitudes 30 degrees and 45 degrees north in Asia and Europe). BD is slightly more frequent and has a worse clinical course in men. It is believed to be due to an auto-immune process triggered by an infectious or environmental agent in a genetically predisposed individual. HLA-B51 is the most strongly associated risk factor. The International Study Group (ISG) for Behçet's Disease created a set of criteria for the diagnosis of BD. Available treatments include corticosteroids, azathioprine, cychlophosphamide, cyclosporine A, interferon-alpha, anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha agents, among others. BD has a variable course characterized by relapses and remissions. Prognosis depends on the clinical involvement. Loss of visual acuity and neurological disease are major causes of morbidity and disability.
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135
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Cerebral venous thrombosis in Behçet’s disease compared to those associated with other etiologies. J Neurol 2009; 256:1134-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-009-5088-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2008] [Revised: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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136
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Abstract
Recent epidemiological work suggests that genetic background overrides environmental factors in the pathogenesis of Behçet's syndrome (BS). There are at least two clusters of disease expression. The first is the cluster of superficial vein thrombosis, deep vein thrombosis and dural sinus thrombi; the second cluster is that of acne, arthritis and enthesitis. The association of antibodies to anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies and the presence of inflammatory bowel disease is perhaps another such cluster. The presence of such clusters suggests that there might be more than one disease mechanism operative in this complex disorder. There is a recent trend to classify BS with the autoinflammatory disorders. However, practically all autoinflammatory conditions are recurrent fever syndromes of children, and are genetically linked to well-defined loci; none of this is true for BS. Recent guidelines from the European League Against Rheumatism are quite useful for the management of the disease in organ systems other than the vascular, neurological and gastrointestinal systems, because of the lack of controlled studies related to these latter pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebahattin Yurdakul
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey.
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137
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Behçet's disease (BD) is a multisytemic vasculitis characterized by oral and genital ulceration, other skin lesions, uveitis and manifestations affecting the blood vessels, CNS and gastrointestinal system. It is rare in the Western world but is frequent in the Middle and Far East. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to discuss treatment strategies in BD. These might vary between simple reassurance and a combination of immunosuppressives. METHODS A systematic literature search was done using the Cochrane and Medline databases in June 2008. The EULAR recommendations for the management of BD were also taken into account. CONCLUSION The last two decades have witnessed considerable improvement in eye disease and musculoskeletal involvement. However, the treatment of thrombophlebitis, CNS, and gastrointestinal manifestations remains problematic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izzet Fresko
- Department of Rheumatology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Cerrahpasa Tip Fakultesi, Ic Hastaliklari ABD, 34300 Aksaray, Istanbul, Turkey.
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138
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Ebert EC. Gastrointestinal manifestations of Behçet's disease. Dig Dis Sci 2009; 54:201-7. [PMID: 18594975 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-008-0337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Behçet's disease is a rare vasculitis diagnosed by the presence of recurrent oral ulcers and two of the following: genital ulcers, typical eye lesions, typical skin lesions, and positive pathergy test. It is most commonly seen in countries along the ancient silk road from Eastern Asia to the Mediterranean Basin. Young adults between the second and fourth decades of life are mainly affected, with abdominal pain being the most common symptom. The ileocecal region is most commonly affected, with ulcerations that may penetrate or perforate. Rarely, the esophagus and stomach may have ulcerations. Bowel wall thickening is the most common finding on computed tomography (CT) scan. Pathology shows a vasculitis mainly involving the small veins or, alternatively, nonspecific inflammation. Corticosteroids, with or without other immunosuppressive drugs, are used for severe eye disease. Their use in intestinal disease is largely empirical. Surgery may be required for perforation. Behçet's disease runs a chronic, unpredictable course with exacerbations and remissions which decrease in frequency and severity over time. Death is mainly due to major vessel disease and neurological involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen C Ebert
- UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
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139
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Comment on "Cardiac Behçet disease presenting as aortic valvulitis/aortitis or right heart inflammatory mass: a clinicopathologic study of 12 cases". Am J Surg Pathol 2008; 32:1914-5; author reply 1915-6. [PMID: 18824894 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0b013e31818479e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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140
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141
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Abstract
Behçet's disease (BD), a systemic inflammatory disorder of unknown aetiology, is characterised by recurrent attacks of oral aphthous ulcers, genital ulcers, skin lesions, uveitis or other manifestations affecting the blood vessels, gastrointestinal tract, and respiratory and central nervous systems. Although the treatment of BD is empirical, in recent years, it has been shown that early and effective treatment of acute inflammatory lesions and prevention of relapses can help to reduce the disease burden and improve outcome. Randomised, controlled trials are limited in BD, but those that have been conducted have documented favourable effects of colchicine, ciclosporin, azathioprine, thalidomide, dapsone, depot methylprednisolone, rebamipide, sucralfate, benzathine benzylpenicillin, interferon-alpha-2a and etanercept for various BD manifestations. Anti-inflammatory and/or immunosuppressive treatments should be tailored according to the disease severity and prognostic factors. More potent drugs, such as azathioprine, ciclosporin, interferon-alpha and infliximab, are effective in the suppression of more severe systemic features as well as mucocutaneous manifestations of BD. Although no randomised, controlled trials are yet available, results of open studies with both interferon-alpha and infliximab are promising for those patients with disease resistant to conventional immunosuppressive treatments. Multicentre, multi-disciplinary and long-term trials aiming to assess the efficacy of interventions in both the treatment of acute inflammatory attacks and the prevention of relapses are required in order to provide more generalisable results that can lead to better management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Gul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Capa 34390, Istanbul, Turkey.
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142
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Sezer I, Melikoglu MA, Çay HF, Kocabaş H, Bütün B. Superior vena cava syndrome associated with Behcet’s disease and 18 months’ follow up: a case report. Rheumatol Int 2008; 28:807-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-008-0517-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2007] [Accepted: 12/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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143
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Vasculitides. PRIMER ON THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2008. [PMCID: PMC7193731 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-68566-3_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite the spatial closeness of blood vessels and inflammatory cells, blood vessel walls are infrequently targeted by inflammation. Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu’s arteritis (TA) are characterized by inflammation directed against the vessel wall. GCA and TA display stringent tissue tropism and affect defined vascular territories in a preferential manner. GCA predominantly affects the second- to fifth-order aortic branches, often in the extracranial arteries of the head. The aorta itself may also be affected in GCA, albeit less often than other regions. In contrast, in TA, the aorta and its major branches are the prime disease targets.
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144
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Bachmeyer C, Khalil A, Bouvard E, Parrot A. [Behçet disease and hemoptysis]. Rev Med Interne 2007; 28:784-6. [PMID: 17559981 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2007.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2007] [Accepted: 04/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Bachmeyer
- Service de médecine interne, CHU de Tenon, APHP, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France.
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145
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Uzun O, Erkan L, Akpolat I, Findik S, Atici AG, Akpolat T. Pulmonary involvement in Behçet's disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 75:310-21. [PMID: 17446699 DOI: 10.1159/000101954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2006] [Accepted: 01/24/2007] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behçet's disease (BD) is a multisystem vasculitis and pulmonary involvement in BD is reported to indicate poor prognosis and high mortality. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to report on patients with pulmonary involvement and to discuss pulmonary artery thrombus and small-sized vasculitis associated with BD, with respect to previously published cases. METHODS Fifteen patients with BD and pulmonary involvement were included in this study. Massive hemoptysis was observed in all patients having pulmonary artery aneurysm (PAA). RESULTS Eleven patients had macroscopic pulmonary vascular disease (2 PAA, 3 PAA and thrombi and 6 only thrombi) and 3 patients had microscopic pulmonary vascular disease. The remaining patient had pulmonary cryptococcosis. CONCLUSIONS Data regarding treatment and outcomes of patients having BD-related pulmonary emboli/infarct and small-sized vasculitis are limited. Pulmonary vasculitis affects different levels of the pulmonary artery in BD and should be classified as macroscopic and microscopic vascular disease. 'Pulmonary artery thrombosis' should be used instead of 'pulmonary emboli'. Spiral CT angiography is the best radiological tool for evaluation of pulmonary problems in BD. Treatment of vasculitis should be based on the type of vascular disease and may vary among different types of vascular disease. Anticoagulation can be used in patients with microscopic vascular disease and nonaneurysmal macroscopic vascular disease. More studies are needed to clarify this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oğuz Uzun
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
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146
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Yazici H, Fresko I, Yurdakul S. Behçet's syndrome: disease manifestations, management, and advances in treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 3:148-55. [PMID: 17334337 DOI: 10.1038/ncprheum0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2006] [Accepted: 01/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The acne lesions characteristic of Behçet's syndrome are not sterile and are commonly observed in combination with arthritis. The two main nodular skin lesions--superficial thrombophlebitis and erythema nodosum--are equally frequent, and rather difficult to distinguish. Superficial thrombophlebitis is usually observed in combination with thrombosis in large veins, and thrombosis of the large veins usually clusters with dural sinus thrombi, which make up approximately 20% of all central nervous system (CNS) lesions of Behçet's syndrome. The remaining CNS lesions are parenchymal, mainly located in the brainstem, and associated with a graver prognosis than dural sinus thrombi. The presence of clinical clusters indicates that there are at least two pathogenetic pathways in Behçet's syndrome: a reactive arthritis pathway and a thrombophilia pathway. Research into the pathogenesis of Behçet's syndrome has shown that the most consistent genetic marker of Behçet's syndrome is HLA-B51; however, the genetic association of this true-to-form 'complex' disorder with HLA-B51 is only 20%, and a whole-genome study showed associations with 16 different loci. The severity of Behçet's syndrome and the mortality associated with it tend to decrease with time, and there is no associated increase in incidence of atherosclerosis. Although treatment of skin-mucosa manifestations, eye disease and pulmonary artery aneurysms has improved significantly in the past decades, the treatment of CNS lesions and thrombophilia are still problematic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Yazici
- Department of Medicine and the Division of Rheumatology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, University of Istanbul, Turkey.
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147
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Hamzaoui K, Chelbi H, Kamoun M, Dhifallah IB, Hamzaoui A. Increased endothelin-1 levels of BAL fluid in patients with Behçet's disease. Mediators Inflamm 2007; 2007:93726. [PMID: 17497041 PMCID: PMC1852888 DOI: 10.1155/2007/93726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2006] [Revised: 01/13/2007] [Accepted: 01/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective and background. Pulmonary aneurysms and thrombosis constitute a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Behçet's disease (BD). Various factors have been studied to explore the pathogenesis of vascular involvement in BD. As endothelin (ET) is known for its potent vasoconstrictor and proinflammatory properties, we supposed that it is involved during the inflammatory process of BD pulmonary vasculitis. Methods. To investigate the role of ET in BD, ET-1 concentrations were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of 18 nonsmoking BD patients with pulmonary manifestations and 12 control subjects. Immunoreactivity of ET-1 was also evaluated in alveolar macrophages (AMs) cytoplasm. Results. ET-1 levels in BD-BALF were significantly higher than those of controls. ET-1 levels were correlated with the number of alveolar macrophages, but not with BAL-CD4/CD8 ratio. ET-1-immunoreactivity was found mainly in AM of BD-BAL. Conclusions. Increased ET-1 production from AM is associated with pulmonary BD manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Hamzaoui
- Homeostasis and Cell Dysfunction Unit Research 99/UR/08-40, Medicine University of Tunis, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
- *Kamel Hamzaoui:
| | - Hanene Chelbi
- Homeostasis and Cell Dysfunction Unit Research 99/UR/08-40, Medicine University of Tunis, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Mariam Kamoun
- Homeostasis and Cell Dysfunction Unit Research 99/UR/08-40, Medicine University of Tunis, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Imen Ben Dhifallah
- Homeostasis and Cell Dysfunction Unit Research 99/UR/08-40, Medicine University of Tunis, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Agnes Hamzaoui
- Homeostasis and Cell Dysfunction Unit Research 99/UR/08-40, Medicine University of Tunis, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
- Pneumology Hospital A. Mami, Department of Paediatric and Respiratory Diseases, Pavillon B, Ariana 2080, Tunisia
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148
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Baki K, Villiger PM, Jenni D, Meyer T, Beer JH. Behcet's disease with life-threatening haemoptoe and pulmonary aneurysms: complete remission after infliximab treatment. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65:1531-2. [PMID: 17038456 PMCID: PMC1798365 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2005.045195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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149
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150
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