101
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Yano J, Yachandra V. Mn4Ca cluster in photosynthesis: where and how water is oxidized to dioxygen. Chem Rev 2014; 114:4175-205. [PMID: 24684576 PMCID: PMC4002066 DOI: 10.1021/cr4004874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 468] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Yano
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Vittal Yachandra
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
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102
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eGFP-pHsens as a highly sensitive fluorophore for cellular pH determination by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:1581-93. [PMID: 24742974 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The determination of pH in the cell cytoplasm or in intracellular organelles is of high relevance in cell biology. Also in plant cells, organelle-specific pH monitoring with high spatial precision is an important issue, since e.g. ΔpH across thylakoid membranes is the driving force for ATP synthesis critically regulating photoprotective mechanisms like non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence or the xanthophyll cycle. In animal cells, pH determination can serve to monitor proton permeation across membranes and, therefore, to assay the efficiency of drugs against proton-selective transporters or ion channels. In this work, we demonstrate the applicability of the pH-sensitive GFP derivative (eGFP-pHsens, originally termed deGFP4 by Hanson et al. [1]) for pH measurements using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) with excellent precision. eGFP-pHsens was either expressed in the cytoplasm or targeted to the mitochondria of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells and applied here for monitoring activity of the M2 proton channel from influenza A virus. It is shown that the M2 protein confers high proton permeability of the plasma membrane upon expression in CHO-K1 cells resulting in rapid and strong changes of the intracellular pH upon pH changes of the extracellular medium. These pH changes are abolished in the presence of amantadine, a specific blocker of the M2 proton channel. These results were obtained using a novel multi-parameter FLIM setup that permits the simultaneous imaging of the fluorescence amplitude ratios and lifetimes of eGFP-pHsens enabling the quick and accurate pH determination with spatial resolution of 500 nm in two color channels with time resolution of below 100 ps. With FLIM, we also demonstrate the simultaneous determination of pH in the cytoplasm and mitochondria showing that the pH in the mitochondrial matrix is slightly higher (around 7.8) than that in the cytoplasm (about 7.0). The results obtained for CHO-K1 cells without M2 channels in comparison to M2-expressing cells show that the pH dynamics is determined by the specific H⁺ permeability of the membrane, the buffering of protons in the internal cell lumen and/or an outwardly directed proton pump activity that stabilizes the interior pH at a higher level than the external acidic pH. This article is part of a special issue entitled: photosynthesis research for sustainability: keys to produce clean energy.
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103
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Belyaeva NE, Schmitt FJ, Paschenko VZ, Riznichenko GY, Rubin AB, Renger G. Model based analysis of transient fluorescence yield induced by actinic laser flashes in spinach leaves and cells of green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 77:49-59. [PMID: 24556534 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of Single Flash Induced Transient Fluorescence Yield (SFITFY) on spinach leaves and whole cells of green thermophilic alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick were analyzed for electron transfer (ET) steps and coupled proton transfer (PT) on both the donor and the acceptor side of the reaction center (RC) of photosystem II (PS II). A specially developed PS II model (Belyaeva et al., 2008, 2011a) allowed the determination of ET steps that occur in a hierarchically ordered time scale from nanoseconds to several seconds. Our study demonstrates that our SFITFY data is consistent with the concept of the reduction of P680(+) by YZ in both leaves and algae (studied on spinach leaves and cells of Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick). The multiphasic P680(+) reduction kinetics by YZ in PS II core complexes with high oxygen evolution capacity was seen in both algae and leaves. Model simulation to fit SFITFY curves for dark adapted species used here gives the rate constants to verify nanosecond kinetic stages of P680(+) reduction by YZ in the redox state S1 of the water oxidizing complex (WOC) shown in Kühn et al. (2004). Then a sequence of relaxation steps in the redox state S1, outlined by Renger (2012), occurs in both algae and leaves as a similar non-adiabatic ET reactions. Coupled PT is discussed briefly to understand a rearrangement of hydrogen bond protons in the protein matrix of the WOC (Umena et al., 2011). On the other hand, present studies showed a slower reoxidation of reduced QA by QB in algal cells as compared with that in a leaf that might be regarded as a consequence of differences of spatial domains at the QB-site in leaves compared to algae. Our comparative study helped to correlate theory with experimental data for molecular photosynthetic mechanisms in thylakoid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Belyaeva
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
| | - F-J Schmitt
- Technical University Berlin, Institute of Chemistry, Max-Volmer-Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Straβe des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - V Z Paschenko
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - G Yu Riznichenko
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - A B Rubin
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - G Renger
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; Technical University Berlin, Institute of Chemistry, Max-Volmer-Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Straβe des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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104
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Najafpour MM, Heidari S, Amini E, Khatamian M, Carpentier R, Allakhverdiev SI. Nano-sized layered Mn oxides as promising and biomimetic water oxidizing catalysts for water splitting in artificial photosynthetic systems. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 133:124-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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105
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Service RJ, Hillier W, Debus RJ. Network of Hydrogen Bonds near the Oxygen-Evolving Mn4CaO5 Cluster of Photosystem II Probed with FTIR Difference Spectroscopy. Biochemistry 2014; 53:1001-17. [DOI: 10.1021/bi401450y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J. Service
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Warwick Hillier
- Research
School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Richard J. Debus
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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106
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Ashizawa R, Noguchi T. Effects of hydrogen bonding interactions on the redox potential and molecular vibrations of plastoquinone as studied using density functional theory calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:11864-76. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54742f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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107
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Han G, Huang Y, Koua FHM, Shen JR, Westlund PO, Messinger J. Hydration of the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II probed in the dark-stable S1 state using proton NMR dispersion profiles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:11924-35. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp55232b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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108
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Linke K, Ho FM. Water in Photosystem II: Structural, functional and mechanistic considerations. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:14-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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109
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Messinger J, Lubitz W, Shen JR. Photosynthesis: from natural to artificial. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:11810-1. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp90053g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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110
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Sugiura M, Azami C, Koyama K, Rutherford AW, Rappaport F, Boussac A. Modification of the pheophytin redox potential in Thermosynechococcus elongatus Photosystem II with PsbA3 as D1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:139-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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111
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Service RJ, Yano J, Dilbeck PL, Burnap RL, Hillier W, Debus RJ. Participation of glutamate-333 of the D1 polypeptide in the ligation of the Mn₄CaO₅ cluster in photosystem II. Biochemistry 2013; 52:8452-64. [PMID: 24168467 DOI: 10.1021/bi401339f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In the 1.9 Å structural model of photosystem II (PDB: 3ARC), the amino acid residue Glu333 of the D1 polypeptide coordinates to the oxygen-evolving Mn₄CaO₅ cluster. This residue appears to be highly significant in that it bridges the two Mn ions (Mn(B3) and the "dangling" Mn(A4)) that are also bridged by the oxygen atom O5. This oxygen atom has been proposed to be derived from one of two substrate water molecules and to become incorporated into the product dioxygen molecule during the final step in the catalytic cycle. In addition, the backbone nitrogen of D1-Glu333 interacts directly with a nearby Cl⁻ atom. To further explore the influence of this structurally unique residue on the properties of the Mn₄CaO₅ cluster, the D1-E333Q mutant of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 was characterized with a variety of biophysical and spectroscopic methods, including polarography, EPR, X-ray absorption, and FTIR difference spectroscopy. The kinetics of oxygen release in the mutant were essentially unchanged from those in wild-type. In addition, the oxygen flash yields exhibited normal period-four oscillations having normal S state parameters, although the yields were lower, indicative of the mutant's lower steady-state dioxygen evolution rate of approximately 30% compared to that of the wild-type. The S₁ state Mn-XANES and Mn-EXAFS and S₂ state multiline EPR signals of purified D1-E333Q PSII core complexes closely resembled those of wild-type, aside from having lower amplitudes. The S(n+1)-minus-S(n) FTIR difference spectra showed only minor alterations to the carbonyl, amide, and carboxylate stretching regions. However, the mutation eliminated a negative peak at 3663 cm⁻¹ in the weakly H-bonding O-H stretching region of the S₂-minus-S₁ FTIR difference spectrum and caused an approximately 9 cm⁻¹ downshift of the negative feature in this region of the S₁-minus-S₀ FTIR difference spectrum. We conclude that fully functional Mn₄CaO₅ clusters assemble in the presence of the D1-E333Q mutation but that the mutation decreases the yield of assembled clusters and alters the H-bonding properties of one or more water molecules or hydroxide groups that are located on or near the Mn₄CaO₅ cluster and that either deprotonate or form stronger hydrogen bonds during the S₀ to S₁ and S₁ to S₂ transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Service
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California , Riverside California 92521, United States
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112
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Antal TK, Kovalenko IB, Rubin AB, Tyystjärvi E. Photosynthesis-related quantities for education and modeling. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2013; 117:1-30. [PMID: 24162971 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9945-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A quantitative understanding of the photosynthetic machinery depends largely on quantities, such as concentrations, sizes, absorption wavelengths, redox potentials, and rate constants. The present contribution is a collection of numbers and quantities related mainly to photosynthesis in higher plants. All numbers are taken directly from a literature or database source and the corresponding reference is provided. The numerical values, presented in this paper, provide ranges of values, obtained in specific experiments for specific organisms. However, the presented numbers can be useful for understanding the principles of structure and function of photosynthetic machinery and for guidance of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taras K Antal
- Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Vorobyevi Gory, 119992, Moscow, Russia
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113
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Li X, Siegbahn PEM. Water Oxidation Mechanism for Synthetic Co–Oxides with Small Nuclearity. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:13804-13. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4053448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Li
- Department of Biochemistry
and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per E. M. Siegbahn
- Department of Biochemistry
and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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114
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Wang Y, Zhang C, Wang L, Zhao J. Assignment of the μ4-O5 atom in catalytic center for water oxidation in photosystem II. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-013-5973-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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115
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Najafpour MM, Amouzadeh Tabrizi M, Haghighi B, Govindjee. A 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-benzimidazole-manganese oxide hybrid as a promising structural model for the tyrosine 161/histidine 190-manganese cluster in photosystem II. Dalton Trans 2013. [PMID: 23178300 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt32236f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this communication, we report the synthesis, characterization, and electrochemistry of a 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-benzimidazole-manganese oxide hybrid. Our results suggest that this compound is a promising model for the manganese cluster together with tyrosine-161 and histidine-190 in photosystem II of plants, algae and cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Najafpour
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran.
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116
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Boussac A, Rappaport F, Brettel K, Sugiura M. Charge recombination in S(n)Tyr(Z)(•)Q(A)(-•) radical pairs in D1 protein variants of Photosystem II: long range electron transfer in the Marcus inverted region. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:3308-14. [PMID: 23448315 DOI: 10.1021/jp400337j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Charge recombination in the light-induced radical pair SnTyrZ(•)QA(-•) in Photosystem II (PSII) from Thermosynechococcus elongatus has been studied at cryogenic temperatures by time-resolved EPR for different configurations of PSII that are expected to affect the driving force of the reaction (oxidation states S0, S1, or S2 of the Mn4CaO5 cluster; PsbA1, PsbA2, or PsbA3 as D1 protein). The kinetics were independent of temperature in the studied range from 4.2 to 50 K and were not affected by exchange of H2O for D2O, consistent with single-step electron tunneling over the distance of ∼32 Å without any repopulation through Boltzmann equilibration of intermediates lying higher in energy. In PsbA1-PSII, the charge recombinations in the radical pairs SnTyrZ(•)QA(-•) (ket = 3.4 × 10(-3) s(-1) for S1) were slower than in PsbA3-PSII despite an expected lower driving force owing to a downshifted Em(QA/QA(-•)) in PsbA1-PSII. Conversely, the reaction was slower in the presence of S2 than in the presence of S1, despite an expected larger driving force due to an upshifted Em(TyrZ(•)/TyrZ) in S2. These observations indicate that the charge recombination occurs in the Marcus inverted region. Assuming that the driving force of the reaction (-ΔG(0) ≈ 1.2 eV at room temperature for S1) does not vary strongly with temperature, the data indicate an optimal electron transfer rate (for a hypothetical -ΔG(0) = λ) substantially faster than would be predicted from extrapolation of room temperature intraprotein ET rates over shorter distances. Possible origins of this deviation are discussed, including a possible enhancement of the electronic coupling of TyrZ(•) and QA(-•) by aromatic cofactors located in between. Observed similar S1TyrZ(•)QA(-•) charge recombinations in PsbA2-PSII and PsbA3-PSII predict that Em(QA/QA(-•)) in PsbA2-PSII is similar to that in PsbA3-PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Boussac
- iBiTec-S, CNRS UMR 8221, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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117
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Cox N, Messinger J. Reflections on substrate water and dioxygen formation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1827:1020-30. [PMID: 23380392 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This brief article aims at presenting a concise summary of all experimental findings regarding substrate water-binding to the Mn4CaO5 cluster in photosystem II. Mass spectrometric and spectroscopic results are interpreted in light of recent structural information of the water oxidizing complex obtained by X-ray crystallography, spectroscopy and theoretical modeling. Within this framework current proposals for the mechanism of photosynthetic water-oxidation are evaluated. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Metals in Bioenergetics and Biomimetics Systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Cox
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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118
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Markle TF, Tronic TA, DiPasquale AG, Kaminsky W, Mayer JM. Effect of basic site substituents on concerted proton-electron transfer in hydrogen-bonded pyridyl-phenols. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:12249-59. [PMID: 23176252 PMCID: PMC3926939 DOI: 10.1021/jp311388n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Separated concerted proton-electron transfer (sCPET) reactions of two series of phenols with pendent substituted pyridyl moieties are described. The pyridine is either attached directly to the phenol (HOAr-pyX) or connected through a methylene linker (HOArCH(2)pyX) (X = 4-NO(2), 5-CF(3), 4-CH(3), and 4-NMe(2)). Electron-donating and -withdrawing substituents have a substantial effect on the chemical environment of the transferring proton, as indicated by IR and (1)H NMR spectra, X-ray structures, and computational studies. One-electron oxidation of the phenols occurs concomitantly with proton transfer from the phenolic oxygen to the pyridyl nitrogen. The oxidation potentials vary linearly with the pK(a) of the free pyridine (pyX), with slopes slightly below the Nerstian value of 59 mV/pK(a). For the HOArCH(2)pyX series, the rate constants k(sCPET) for oxidation by NAr(3)(•+) or [Fe(diimine)(3)](3+) vary primarily with the thermodynamic driving force (ΔG°(sCPET)), whether ΔG° is changed by varying the potential of the oxidant or the substituent on the pyridine, indicating a constant intrinsic barrier λ. In contrast, the substituents in the HOAr-pyX series affect λ as well as ΔG°(sCPET), and compounds with electron-withdrawing substituents have significantly lower reactivity. The relationship between the structural and spectroscopic properties of the phenols and their CPET reactivity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tristan A. Tronic
- Department of Chemistry, Campus Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700
| | | | - Werner Kaminsky
- Department of Chemistry, Campus Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700
| | - James M. Mayer
- Department of Chemistry, Campus Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700
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119
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Joya KS, Vallés-Pardo JL, Joya YF, Eisenmayer T, Thomas B, Buda F, de Groot HJM. Molecular Catalytic Assemblies for Electrodriven Water Splitting. Chempluschem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201200161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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120
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Boussac A, Ishida N, Sugiura M, Rappaport F. Probing the role of chloride in Photosystem II from Thermosynechococcus elongatus by exchanging chloride for iodide. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2012; 1817:802-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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121
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Najafpour MM, Moghaddam AN. Nano-sized manganese oxide: a proposed catalyst for water oxidation in the reaction of some manganese complexes and cerium(iv) ammonium nitrate. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:10292-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30965c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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