101
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Gupta P, Jordan CT, Mitov MI, Butterfield DA, Hilt JZ, Dziubla TD. Controlled curcumin release via conjugation into PBAE nanogels enhances mitochondrial protection against oxidative stress. Int J Pharm 2016; 511:1012-21. [PMID: 27492022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are considered to be the "power plants" of the cell, but can also initiate and execute cell death, stimulated by oxidative stress (OS). OS induced mitochondrial dysfunction is characterized by a loss in oxygen consumption and reduced ATP production. Curcumin, as a potential therapeutic, has been explored as a candidate for mitochondrial OS suppression, but rapid metabolism and aqueous insolubility has prevented it from being effective. Further, efficient delivery of curcumin via the incorporation into nanocarriers has again been limited due to low drug loading capacities and/or significant burst release, resulting in acute cytotoxicity. Hence, to increase the therapeutic potential and reduce the toxic effects of curcumin, curcumin conjugated poly(β-amino ester) nanogels (CNGs) were synthesized using Michael addition chemistry. This approach provided easy control over the nanogel size, with CNGs showing a uniform release of active curcumin over 48h with no burst release. This controlled release system significantly increased the safety limit for curcumin, with a ten fold increase in the cytotoxic threshold, as compared to free curcumin. Further, real-time mitochondrial response analysis with the Seahorse XF96 showed effective and prolonged suppression of H2O2 induced mitochondrial oxidative stress upon pre-treating endothelial cells with CNGs and this potential of nanogels was studied at different pre-treatment times prior to H2O2 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Gupta
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, F. Paul Anderson Tower, 512 Administration Drive, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0046, USA
| | - Carolyn T Jordan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, F. Paul Anderson Tower, 512 Administration Drive, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0046, USA
| | - Mihail I Mitov
- Redox Metabolism Shared Resource Facility, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, 1095 V.A. Drive, Health Sciences Research Building, Room 227, Lexington, KY 40536-0305, USA
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Redox Metabolism Shared Resource Facility, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, 1095 V.A. Drive, Health Sciences Research Building, Room 227, Lexington, KY 40536-0305, USA; Department of Chemistry, Chemistry-Physics Building, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - J Zach Hilt
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, F. Paul Anderson Tower, 512 Administration Drive, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0046, USA
| | - Thomas D Dziubla
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, F. Paul Anderson Tower, 512 Administration Drive, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0046, USA.
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102
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Keeney JTR, Ibrahimi S, Zhao L. Human ApoE Isoforms Differentially Modulate Glucose and Amyloid Metabolic Pathways in Female Brain: Evidence of the Mechanism of Neuroprotection by ApoE2 and Implications for Alzheimer's Disease Prevention and Early Intervention. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 48:411-24. [PMID: 26402005 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Three major genetic isoforms of apolipoprotein E (ApoE), ApoE2, ApoE3, and ApoE4, exist in humans and lead to differences in susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study investigated the impact of human ApoE isoforms on brain metabolic pathways involved in glucose utilization and amyloid-β (Aβ) degradation, two major areas that are significantly perturbed in preclinical AD. Hippocampal RNA samples from middle-aged female mice with targeted human ApoE2, ApoE3, and ApoE4 gene replacement were comparatively analyzed with a qRT-PCR custom array for the expression of 85 genes involved in insulin/insulin-like growth factor (Igf) signaling. Consistent with its protective role against AD, ApoE2 brain exhibited the most metabolically robust profile among the three ApoE genotypes. When compared to ApoE2 brain, both ApoE3 and ApoE4 brains exhibited markedly reduced levels of Igf1, insulin receptor substrates (Irs), and facilitated glucose transporter 4 (Glut4), indicating reduced glucose uptake. Additionally, ApoE4 brain exhibited significantly decreased Pparg and insulin-degrading enzyme (Ide), indicating further compromised glucose metabolism and Aβ dysregulation associated with ApoE4. Protein analysis showed significantly decreased Igf1, Irs, and Glut4 in ApoE3 brain, and Igf1, Irs, Glut4, Pparg, and Ide in ApoE4 brain compared to ApoE2 brain. These data provide the first documented evidence that human ApoE isoforms differentially affect brain insulin/Igf signaling and downstream glucose and amyloid metabolic pathways, illustrating a potential mechanism for their differential risk in AD. A therapeutic strategy that enhances brain insulin/Igf1 signaling activity to a more robust ApoE2-like phenotype favoring both energy production and amyloid homeostasis holds promise for AD prevention and early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaher Ibrahimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Liqin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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103
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Tramutola A, Lanzillotta C, Perluigi M, Butterfield DA. Oxidative stress, protein modification and Alzheimer disease. Brain Res Bull 2016; 133:88-96. [PMID: 27316747 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects the elderly population with complex etiology. Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain different causes of AD, but the exact mechanisms remain unclear. In this review, we focus attention on the oxidative-stress hypothesis of neurodegeneration and we discuss redox proteomics approaches to analyze post-mortem human brain from AD brain. Collectively, these studies have provided valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms involved both in the pathogenesis and progression of AD, demonstrating the impairment of numerous cellular processes such as energy production, cellular structure, signal transduction, synaptic function, mitochondrial function, cell cycle progression, and degradative systems. Each of these cellular functions normally contributes to maintain healthy neuronal homeostasis, so the deregulation of one or more of these functions could contribute to the pathology and clinical presentation of AD. In particular, we discuss the evidence demonstrating the oxidation/dysfunction of a number of enzymes specifically involved in energy metabolism that support the view that reduced glucose metabolism and loss of ATP are crucial events triggering neurodegeneration and progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - C Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - M Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
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104
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Schubert KO, Weiland F, Baune BT, Hoffmann P. The use of MALDI-MSI in the investigation of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders: A review. Proteomics 2016; 16:1747-58. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Florian Weiland
- Adelaide Proteomics Centre; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS); The University of Adelaide; Adelaide Australia
| | - Bernhard T. Baune
- Discipline of Psychiatry; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide Australia
| | - Peter Hoffmann
- Adelaide Proteomics Centre; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS); The University of Adelaide; Adelaide Australia
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105
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Sengupta MB, Chakrabarti A, Saha S, Mukhopadhyay D. Clinical proteomics of enervated neurons. Clin Proteomics 2016; 13:10. [PMID: 27152104 PMCID: PMC4857373 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-016-9112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic field of neurosciences entails ever increasing search for molecular mechanisms of disease states, especially in the domain of neurodegenerative disorders. The previous century heralded the techniques in proteomics when indexing of the human proteomes relating to various disease conditions became important. Early stage research in certain diseases or pathological conditions requires a more holistic approach of first discovering the proteins of interest for the condition. Despite its limitations, proteomics is one of the most powerful techniques available to us today to dissect the molecular scenario in a particular disease situation. In this review we will discuss about the current clinical research in neurodegenerative disorders that employ proteomics techniques. We will specifically focus on our understanding of Alzheimer’s disease, traumatic spinal cord injury and neuromyelitis optica. Discussions will include ongoing worldwide research in these areas, research in India and specifically our laboratory in these domains of neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohor Biplab Sengupta
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064 India
| | - Arunabha Chakrabarti
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064 India
| | - Suparna Saha
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064 India
| | - Debashis Mukhopadhyay
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064 India
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106
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Jiang W, Luo T, Li S, Zhou Y, Shen XY, He F, Xu J, Wang HQ. Quercetin Protects against Okadaic Acid-Induced Injury via MAPK and PI3K/Akt/GSK3β Signaling Pathways in HT22 Hippocampal Neurons. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152371. [PMID: 27050422 PMCID: PMC4822954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that oxidative stress and the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein play essential roles in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Quercetin is a major flavonoid that has anti-oxidant, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. We investigated the neuroprotective effects of quercetin to HT22 cells (a cell line from mouse hippocampal neurons). We found that Okadaic acid (OA) induced the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein at Ser199, Ser396, Thr205, and Thr231 and produced oxidative stress to the HT22 cells. The oxidative stress suppressed the cell viability and decreased the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) and Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). It up-regulated malondialdehyde (MDA) production and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, phosphoinositide 3 kinase/protein kinase B/Glycogen synthase kinase3β (PI3K/Akt/GSK3β) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) were also involved in this process. We found that pre-treatment with quercetin can inhibited OA-induced the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein and oxidative stress. Moreover, pre-treatment with quercetin not only inhibited OA-induced apoptosis via the reduction of Bax, and up-regulation of cleaved caspase 3, but also via the inhibition of PI3K/Akt/GSK3β, MAPKs and activation of NF-κB p65. Our findings suggest the therapeutic potential of quercetin to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, Zhaoqing Medical College, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, 526020, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xiu-Yin Shen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Feng He
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
- * E-mail: (FH); (HQW)
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Hua-Qiao Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- * E-mail: (FH); (HQW)
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107
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Ivanov AS, Ershov PV, Molnar AA, Mezentsev YV, Kaluzhskiy LA, Yablokov EO, Florinskaya AV, Gnedenko OV, Medvedev AE, Kozin SA, Mitkevich VA, Makarov AA, Gilep AA, Luschik AY, Gaidukevich IV, Usanov SA. Direct molecular fishing in molecular partners investigation in protein–protein and protein–peptide interactions. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162016010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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108
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Ke Z, Zhang X, Cao Z, Ding Y, Li N, Cao L, Wang T, Zhang C, Ding G, Wang Z, Xu X, Xiao W. Drug discovery of neurodegenerative disease through network pharmacology approach in herbs. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 78:272-279. [PMID: 26898452 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, referring to as the progressive loss of structure and function of neurons, constitute one of the major challenges of modern medicine. Traditional Chinese herbs have been used as a major preventive and therapeutic strategy against disease for thousands years. The numerous species of medicinal herbs and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) compound formulas in nervous system disease therapy make it a large chemical resource library for drug discovery. In this work, we collected 7362 kinds of herbs and 58,147 Traditional Chinese medicinal compounds (Tcmcs). The predicted active compounds in herbs have good oral bioavailability and central nervous system (CNS) permeability. The molecular docking and network analysis were employed to analyze the effects of herbs on neurodegenerative diseases. In order to evaluate the predicted efficacy of herbs, automated text mining was utilized to exhaustively search in PubMed by some related keywords. After that, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves was used to estimate the accuracy of predictions. Our study suggested that most herbs were distributed in family of Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae and Apocynaceae. The predictive model yielded good sensitivity and specificity with the AUC values above 0.800. At last, 504 kinds of herbs were obtained by using the optimal cutoff values in ROC curves. These 504 herbs would be the most potential herb resources for neurodegenerative diseases treatment. This study would give us an opportunity to use these herbs as a chemical resource library for drug discovery of anti-neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Ke
- National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Kanion Pharmaceutical Corporation, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xinzhuang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Kanion Pharmaceutical Corporation, Lianyungang, China
| | - Zeyu Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Kanion Pharmaceutical Corporation, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yue Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Kanion Pharmaceutical Corporation, Lianyungang, China
| | - Na Li
- National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Kanion Pharmaceutical Corporation, Lianyungang, China
| | - Liang Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Kanion Pharmaceutical Corporation, Lianyungang, China
| | - Tuanjie Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Kanion Pharmaceutical Corporation, Lianyungang, China
| | - Chenfeng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Kanion Pharmaceutical Corporation, Lianyungang, China
| | - Gang Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Kanion Pharmaceutical Corporation, Lianyungang, China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Kanion Pharmaceutical Corporation, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiaojie Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Kanion Pharmaceutical Corporation, Lianyungang, China.
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109
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Gu L, Robinson RAS. A simple isotopic labeling method to study cysteine oxidation in Alzheimer's disease: oxidized cysteine-selective dimethylation (OxcysDML). Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:2993-3004. [PMID: 26800981 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9307-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine is widely involved in redox signaling pathways through a number of reversible and irreversible modifications. Reversible modifications (e.g., S-glutathionylation, S-nitrosylation, disulfide bonds, and sulfenic acid) are used to protect proteins from oxidative attack and maintain cellular homeostasis, while irreversible oxidations (e.g., sulfinic acid and sulfonic acid) serve as hallmarks of oxidative stress. Proteomic analysis of cysteine-enriched peptides coupled with reduction of oxidized thiols can be used to measure the oxidation states of cysteine, which is helpful for elucidating the role that oxidative stress plays in biology and disease. As an extension of our previously reported cysDML method, we have developed oxidized cysteine-selective dimethylation (OxcysDML), to investigate the site-specific total oxidation of cysteine residues in biologically relevant samples. OxcysDML employs (1) blocking of free thiols by a cysteine-reactive reagent, (2) enrichment of peptides containing reversibly oxidized cysteine by a solid phase resin, and (3) isotopic labeling of peptide amino groups to quantify cysteine modifications arising from different biological conditions. On-resin enrichment and labeling minimizes sample handing time and improves efficiency in comparison with other redox proteomic methods. OxcysDML is also inexpensive and flexible, as it can accommodate the exploration of various cysteine modifications. Here, we applied the method to liver tissues from a late-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse model and wild-type (WT) controls. Because we have previously characterized this proteome using the cysDML approach, we are able here to probe deeper into the redox status of cysteine in AD. OxcysDML identified 1129 cysteine sites (from 527 proteins), among which 828 cysteine sites underwent oxidative modifications. Nineteen oxidized cysteine sites had significant alteration levels in AD and represent proteins involved in metabolic processes. Overall, we have demonstrated OxcysDML as a simple, rapid, robust, and inexpensive redox proteomic approach that is useful for gaining deeper insight into the proteome of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 111 Eberly Hall, 200 University Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Renã A S Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 111 Eberly Hall, 200 University Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
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110
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Direct Detection of α-Synuclein Dimerization Dynamics: Single-Molecule Fluorescence Analysis. Biophys J 2016; 108:2038-47. [PMID: 25902443 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) is linked to Parkinson's disease. The mechanism of early aggregation steps and the effect of pathogenic single-point mutations remain elusive. We report here a single-molecule fluorescence study of α-Syn dimerization and the effect of mutations. Specific interactions between tethered fluorophore-free α-Syn monomers on a substrate and fluorophore-labeled monomers diffusing freely in solution were observed using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. The results showed that wild-type (WT) α-Syn dimers adopt two types of dimers. The lifetimes of type 1 and type 2 dimers were determined to be 197 ± 3 ms and 3334 ± 145 ms, respectively. All three of the mutations used, A30P, E46K, and A53T, increased the lifetime of type 1 dimer and enhanced the relative population of type 2 dimer, with type 1 dimer constituting the major fraction. The kinetic stability of type 1 dimers (expressed in terms of lifetime) followed the order A30P (693 ± 14 ms) > E46K (292 ± 5 ms) > A53T (226 ± 6 ms) > WT (197 ± 3 ms). Type 2 dimers, which are more stable, had lifetimes in the range of several seconds. The strongest effect, observed for the A30P mutant, resulted in a lifetime 3.5 times higher than observed for the WT type 1 dimer. This mutation also doubled the relative fraction of type 2 dimer. These data show that single-point mutations promote dimerization, and they suggest that the structural heterogeneity of α-Syn dimers could lead to different aggregation pathways.
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111
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de Oliveira MR. Phloretin-induced cytoprotective effects on mammalian cells: A mechanistic view and future directions. Biofactors 2016; 42:13-40. [PMID: 26826024 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Phloretin (C15 H14 O5 ), a dihydrochalcone flavonoid, is mainly found in fruit, leaves, and roots of apple tree. Phloretin exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activities in mammalian cells through mechanisms that have been partially elucidated throughout the years. Phloretin bioavailability is well known in humans, but still remains to be better studied in experimental animals, such as mouse and rat. The focus of the present review is to gather information regarding the mechanisms involved in the phloretin-elicited effects in different in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Several manuscripts were analyzed and data raised by authors were described and discussed here in a mechanistic manner. Comparisons between the effects elicited by phloretin and phloridzin were made whenever possible, as well as with other polyphenols, clarifying questions about the use of phloretin as a potential therapeutic agent. Toxicological aspects associated to phloretin exposure were also discussed here. Furthermore, a special section containing future directions was created as a suggestive guide towards the elucidation of phloretin-related actions in mammalian cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry/ICET, Postgraduate Program in Chemistry (PPGQ), Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), CEP, Cuiaba, MT, Brazil
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112
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Castrillo JI, Oliver SG. Alzheimer's as a Systems-Level Disease Involving the Interplay of Multiple Cellular Networks. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1303:3-48. [PMID: 26235058 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2627-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), and many neurodegenerative disorders, are multifactorial in nature. They involve a combination of genomic, epigenomic, interactomic and environmental factors. Progress is being made, and these complex diseases are beginning to be understood as having their origin in altered states of biological networks at the cellular level. In the case of AD, genomic susceptibility and mechanisms leading to (or accompanying) the impairment of the central Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) processing and tau networks are widely accepted as major contributors to the diseased state. The derangement of these networks may result in both the gain and loss of functions, increased generation of toxic species (e.g., toxic soluble oligomers and aggregates) and imbalances, whose effects can propagate to supra-cellular levels. Although well sustained by empirical data and widely accepted, this global perspective often overlooks the essential roles played by the main counteracting homeostatic networks (e.g., protein quality control/proteostasis, unfolded protein response, protein folding chaperone networks, disaggregases, ER-associated degradation/ubiquitin proteasome system, endolysosomal network, autophagy, and other stress-protective and clearance networks), whose relevance to AD is just beginning to be fully realized. In this chapter, an integrative perspective is presented. Alzheimer's disease is characterized to be a result of: (a) intrinsic genomic/epigenomic susceptibility and, (b) a continued dynamic interplay between the deranged networks and the central homeostatic networks of nerve cells. This interplay of networks will underlie both the onset and rate of progression of the disease in each individual. Integrative Systems Biology approaches are required to effect its elucidation. Comprehensive Systems Biology experiments at different 'omics levels in simple model organisms, engineered to recapitulate the basic features of AD may illuminate the onset and sequence of events underlying AD. Indeed, studies of models of AD in simple organisms, differentiated cells in culture and rodents are beginning to offer hope that the onset and progression of AD, if detected at an early stage, may be stopped, delayed, or even reversed, by activating or modulating networks involved in proteostasis and the clearance of toxic species. In practice, the incorporation of next-generation neuroimaging, high-throughput and computational approaches are opening the way towards early diagnosis well before irreversible cell death. Thus, the presence or co-occurrence of: (a) accumulation of toxic Aβ oligomers and tau species; (b) altered splicing and transcriptome patterns; (c) impaired redox, proteostatic, and metabolic networks together with, (d) compromised homeostatic capacities may constitute relevant 'AD hallmarks at the cellular level' towards reliable and early diagnosis. From here, preventive lifestyle changes and tailored therapies may be investigated, such as combined strategies aimed at both lowering the production of toxic species and potentiating homeostatic responses, in order to prevent or delay the onset, and arrest, alleviate, or even reverse the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan I Castrillo
- Department of Biochemistry & Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Sanger Building, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK,
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113
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Effects of Mild and Severe Oxidative Stress on BACE1 Expression and APP Amyloidogenic Processing. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1303:101-16. [PMID: 26235061 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2627-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This chapter describes methods for establishing oxidative stress conditions that do not induce cell death in a neuronal cell culture model. We termed these conditions "mild oxidative stress," as opposed to "severe oxidative stress," which results in significant cell loss. Mild oxidative stress resembles more closely what happens in the aging brain than severe oxidative stress. The protocols we have delineated include the preparation and maintenance of mouse primary cortical cultures, the induction of oxidative stress by treatment with hydrogen peroxide, the assessment of cell viability by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, the measurement of free radical production by the 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) assay, and western blot analysis of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and β-site APP cleaving enzyme, BACE1, two key proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology and oxidative stress.
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114
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Gunn AP, Wong BX, Johanssen T, Griffith JC, Masters CL, Bush AI, Barnham KJ, Duce JA, Cherny RA. Amyloid-β Peptide Aβ3pE-42 Induces Lipid Peroxidation, Membrane Permeabilization, and Calcium Influx in Neurons. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:6134-45. [PMID: 26697885 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.655183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroglutamate-modified amyloid-β (pE-Aβ) is a highly neurotoxic amyloid-β (Aβ) isoform and is enriched in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer disease compared with healthy aged controls. Pyroglutamate formation increases the rate of Aβ oligomerization and alters the interactions of Aβ with Cu(2+) and lipids; however, a link between these properties and the toxicity of pE-Aβ peptides has not been established. We report here that Aβ3pE-42 has an enhanced capacity to cause lipid peroxidation in primary cortical mouse neurons compared with the full-length isoform (Aβ(1-42)). In contrast, Aβ(1-42) caused a significant elevation in cytosolic reactive oxygen species, whereas Aβ3pE-42 did not. We also report that Aβ3pE-42 preferentially associates with neuronal membranes and triggers Ca(2+) influx that can be partially blocked by the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801. Aβ3pE-42 further caused a loss of plasma membrane integrity and remained bound to neurons at significantly higher levels than Aβ(1-42) over extended incubations. Pyroglutamate formation was additionally found to increase the relative efficiency of Aβ-dityrosine oligomer formation mediated by copper-redox cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P Gunn
- From the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health
| | - Bruce X Wong
- From the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health
| | | | - James C Griffith
- Materials Characterisation and Fabrication Platform, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne 3010, Australia and
| | | | - Ashley I Bush
- From the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Departments of Pathology and
| | - Kevin J Barnham
- From the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and
| | - James A Duce
- From the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Departments of Pathology and the School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Cherny
- From the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health,
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Keeney JT, Butterfield DA. Vitamin D deficiency and Alzheimer disease: Common links. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 84:84-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Bergen AA, Kaing S, ten Brink JB, Gorgels TG, Janssen SF. Gene expression and functional annotation of human choroid plexus epithelium failure in Alzheimer's disease. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:956. [PMID: 26573292 PMCID: PMC4647590 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. AD has a multifactorial disease etiology and is currently untreatable. Multiple genes and molecular mechanisms have been implicated in AD, including ß-amyloid deposition in the brain, neurofibrillary tangle accumulation of hyper-phosphorylated Tau, synaptic failure, oxidative stress and inflammation. Relatively little is known about the role of the blood-brain barriers, especially the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB), in AD. The BCSFB is involved in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production, maintenance of brain homeostasis and neurodegenerative disorders. RESULTS Using an Agilent platform with common reference design, we performed a large scale gene expression analysis and functional annotation of the Choroid Plexus Epithelium (CPE), which forms the BCSFB. We obtained 2 groups of freshly frozen Choroid Plexus (CP) of 7 human donor brains each, with and without AD: Braak stages (0-1) and (5-6). We cut CP cryo-sections and isolated RNA from cresyl-violet stained, laser dissected CPE cells. Gene expression results were analysed with T-tests (R) and the knowledge-database Ingenuity. We found statistically significantly altered gene expression data sets, biological functions, canonical pathways, molecular networks and functionalities in AD-affected CPE. We observed specific cellular changes due to increased oxidative stress, such as the unfolded protein response, E1F2 and NRF2 signalling and the protein ubiquitin pathway. Most likely, the AD-affected BCSFB barrier becomes more permeable due to downregulation of CLDN5. Finally, our data also predicted down regulation of the glutathione mediated detoxification pathway and the urea cycle in the AD CPE, which suggest that the CPE sink action may be impaired. Remarkably, the expression of a number of genes known to be involved in AD, such as APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, TTR and CLU is moderate to high and remains stable in both healthy and affected CPE. Literature labelling of our new functional molecular networks confirmed multiple previous (molecular) observations in the AD literature and revealed many new ones. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that CPE failure in AD exists. Combining our data with those of the literature, we propose the following chronological and overlapping chain of events: increased Aß burden on CPE; increased oxidative stress in CPE; despite continuous high expression of TTR: decreased capability of CPE to process amyloid; (pro-) inflammatory and growth factor signalling by CPE; intracellular ubiquitin involvement, remodelling of CPE tight junctions and, finally, cellular atrophy. Our data corroborates the hypothesis that increased BCSFB permeability, especially loss of selective CLDN5-mediated paracellular transport, altered CSF production and CPE sink action, as well as loss of CPE mediated macrophage recruitment contribute to the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur A Bergen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,The Netherlands Institute for Neurosciences (NIN-KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Sovann Kaing
- The Netherlands Institute for Neurosciences (NIN-KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacoline B ten Brink
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Theo G Gorgels
- The Netherlands Institute for Neurosciences (NIN-KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,University Eye Clinic Maastricht, MUMC, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah F Janssen
- The Netherlands Institute for Neurosciences (NIN-KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Singh A, Kumar A. Microglial Inhibitory Mechanism of Coenzyme Q10 Against Aβ (1-42) Induced Cognitive Dysfunctions: Possible Behavioral, Biochemical, Cellular, and Histopathological Alterations. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:268. [PMID: 26617520 PMCID: PMC4637408 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a debilitating disease with complex pathophysiology. Amyloid beta (Aβ) (1-42) is a reliable model of AD that recapitulates many aspects of human AD. Objective: The intent of the present study was to investigate the neuroprotective potential of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and its modulation by minocycline (microglial inhibitor) against Aβ (1-42) induced cognitive dysfunction in rats. Method: Intrahippocampal (i.h.) Aβ (1-42) (1 μg/μl; 4μl/site) were administered followed by drug treatment with galantamine (2 mg/kg), CoQ10 (20 and 40 mg/kg), minocycline (50 and 100 mg/kg) and their combinations for a period of 21 days. Various neurobehavioral parameters followed by biochemical, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) level, proinflammatory markers (TNF-α), mitochondrial respiratory enzyme complexes (I-IV) and histopathological examinations were assessed. Results: Aβ (1-42) administration significantly impaired cognitive performance in Morris water maze (MWM) performance test, causes oxidative stress, raised AChE level, caused neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and histopathological alterations as compared to sham treatment. Treatment with CoQ10 (20 and 40 mg/kg) and minocycline (50 and 100 mg/kg) alone for 21 days significantly improved cognitive performance as evidenced by reduced transfer latency and increased time spent in target quadrant (TSTQ), reduced AChE activity, oxidative damage (reduced LPO, nitrite level and restored SOD, catalase and GHS levels), TNF-α level, restored mitochondrial respiratory enzyme complex (I, II, III, IV) activities and histopathological alterations as compared to Aβ (1-42) treated animals. Further, combinations of minocycline (50 and 100 mg/kg) with CoQ10 (20 and 40 mg/kg) significantly modulates the protective effect of CoQ10 dose dependently as compared to their effect alone. Conclusion: The present study suggests that the neuroprotective effect of CoQ10 could be due to its microglia inhibitory mechanism along with its mitochondrial restoring and anti-oxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Singh
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University Chandigarh, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University Chandigarh, India
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Simoni E, Serafini MM, Bartolini M, Caporaso R, Pinto A, Necchi D, Fiori J, Andrisano V, Minarini A, Lanni C, Rosini M. Nature-Inspired Multifunctional Ligands: Focusing on Amyloid-Based Molecular Mechanisms of Alzheimer's Disease. ChemMedChem 2015; 11:1309-17. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Simoni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna; Via Belmeloro 6 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Melania M. Serafini
- Department of Drug Sciences (Pharmacology Section); University of Pavia; V.le Taramelli 14 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna; Via Belmeloro 6 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Roberta Caporaso
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna; Via Belmeloro 6 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Antonella Pinto
- Department of Drug Sciences (Pharmacology Section); University of Pavia; V.le Taramelli 14 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Daniela Necchi
- Department of Drug Sciences (Pharmacology Section); University of Pavia; V.le Taramelli 14 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Jessica Fiori
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna; Via Belmeloro 6 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Vincenza Andrisano
- Department for Life Quality Studies; Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna; Corso d'Augusto 237 47921 Rimini Italy
| | - Anna Minarini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna; Via Belmeloro 6 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Cristina Lanni
- Department of Drug Sciences (Pharmacology Section); University of Pavia; V.le Taramelli 14 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Michela Rosini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna; Via Belmeloro 6 40126 Bologna Italy
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Maulik M, Peake K, Chung J, Wang Y, Vance JE, Kar S. APP overexpression in the absence of NPC1 exacerbates metabolism of amyloidogenic proteins of Alzheimer's disease. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:7132-50. [PMID: 26433932 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides originating from β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) are critical in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cellular cholesterol levels/distribution can regulate production and clearance of Aβ peptides, albeit with contradictory outcomes. To better understand the relationship between cholesterol homeostasis and APP/Aβ metabolism, we have recently generated a bigenic ANPC mouse line overexpressing mutant human APP in the absence of Niemann-Pick type C-1 protein required for intracellular cholesterol transport. Using this unique bigenic ANPC mice and complementary stable N2a cells, we have examined the functional consequences of cellular cholesterol sequestration in the endosomal-lysosomal system, a major site of Aβ production, on APP/Aβ metabolism and its relation to neuronal viability. Levels of APP C-terminal fragments (α-CTF/β-CTF) and Aβ peptides, but not APP mRNA/protein or soluble APPα/APPβ, were increased in ANPC mouse brains and N2a-ANPC cells. These changes were accompanied by reduced clearance of peptides and an increased level/activity of γ-secretase, suggesting that accumulation of APP-CTFs is due to decreased turnover, whereas increased Aβ levels may result from a combination of increased production and decreased turnover. APP-CTFs and Aβ peptides were localized primarily in early-/late-endosomes and to some extent in lysosomes/autophagosomes. Cholesterol sequestration impaired endocytic-autophagic-lysosomal, but not proteasomal, clearance of APP-CTFs/Aβ peptides. Moreover, markers of oxidative stress were increased in vulnerable brain regions of ANPC mice and enhanced β-CTF/Aβ levels increased susceptibility of N2a-ANPC cells to H2O2-induced toxicity. Collectively, our results show that cellular cholesterol sequestration plays a key role in APP/Aβ metabolism and increasing neuronal vulnerability to oxidative stress in AD-related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahua Maulik
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - JiYun Chung
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada
| | | | - Satyabrata Kar
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada
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Proteomic analysis reveals that the protective effects of ginsenoside Rb1 are associated with the actin cytoskeleton in β-amyloid-treated neuronal cells. J Ginseng Res 2015; 40:278-84. [PMID: 27616904 PMCID: PMC5005364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) is the most abundant compound in the root of Panax ginseng. Recent studies have shown that Rb1 has a neuroprotective effect. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect are still unknown. METHODS We used stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture, combined with quantitative mass spectrometry, to explore a potential protective mechanism of Rb1 in β-amyloid-treated neuronal cells. RESULTS A total of 1,231 proteins were commonly identified from three replicate experiments. Among these, 40 proteins were significantly changed in response to Rb1 pretreatment in β-amyloid-treated neuronal cells. Analysis of the functional enrichments and protein interactions of altered proteins revealed that actin cytoskeleton proteins might be linked to the regulatory mechanisms of Rb1. The CAP1, CAPZB, TOMM40, and DSTN proteins showed potential as molecular target proteins for the functional contribution of Rb1 in Alzheimer's disease (AD). CONCLUSION Our proteomic data may provide new insights into the protective mechanisms of Rb1 in AD.
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Cisternas P, Lindsay CB, Salazar P, Silva-Alvarez C, Retamales RM, Serrano FG, Vio CP, Inestrosa NC. The increased potassium intake improves cognitive performance and attenuates histopathological markers in a model of Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:2630-44. [PMID: 26391254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by hallmarks that include an accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), inflammation, oxidative stress and synaptic dysfunction, which lead to a decrease in cognitive function. To date, the onset and progression of AD have been associated with pathologies such as hypertension and diabetes. Hypertension, a disease with a high incidence worldwide, is characterized by a chronic increase in blood pressure. Interestingly, this disease has a close relationship to the eating behavior of patients because high Na(+) intake is a significant risk factor for hypertension. In fact, a decrease in Na(+) consumption, along with an increase in K(+) intake, is a primary non-pharmacological approach to preventing hypertension. In the present work, we examined whether an increase in K(+) intake affects the expression of certain neuropathological markers or the cognitive performance of a murine model of AD. We observed that an increase in K(+) intake leads to a change in the aggregation pattern of the Aβ peptide, a partial decrease in some epitopes of tau phosphorylation and improvement in the cognitive performance. The recovery in cognitive performance was correlated with a significant improvement in the generation of long-term potentiation. We also observed a decrease in markers related to inflammation and oxidative stress such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). Together, our data support the idea that changes in diet, such as an increase in K(+) intake, may be important in the prevention of AD onset as a non-pharmacological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Cisternas
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Bioloía Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina B Lindsay
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Bioloía Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Salazar
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Bioloía Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen Silva-Alvarez
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Bioloía Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rocio M Retamales
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Bioloía Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe G Serrano
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Bioloía Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos P Vio
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Bioloía Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Centro UC Síndrome de Down, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.
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Cai Z, Zhou Y, Liu Z, Ke Z, Zhao B. Autophagy dysfunction upregulates beta-amyloid peptides via enhancing the activity of γ-secretase complex. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11:2091-9. [PMID: 26316755 PMCID: PMC4547656 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s84755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that autophagy failure plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, including increased expression of beta-amyloid (Aβ) protein and the dysfunction of Aβ clearance. To further evaluate the role of autophagy in Alzheimer's disease, the present study was implemented to investigate the effects of autophagy on α-secretase, β-secretase, or γ-secretase, and observe the effects of autophagy on autophagic clearance markers. These results showed that both autophagy inhibitor and inducer enhanced the activity of α-, β-, and γ-secretases, and Aβ production. Autophagy inhibitor may more activate γ-secretase and promote Aβ production and accumulation than its inducer. Both autophagy inhibitor and inducer had no influence on Aβ clearance. Hence, autophagy inhibitor may activate γ-secretase and promote Aβ production and accumulation, but has no influence on Aβ clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyou Cai
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingjun Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhou Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Gangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Neurology, Gangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Gangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zunyu Ke
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Gangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Neurology, Gangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Gangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
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Zhao Y, Bhattacharjee S, Jones BM, Hill JM, Clement C, Sambamurti K, Dua P, Lukiw WJ. Beta-Amyloid Precursor Protein (βAPP) Processing in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD). Mol Neurobiol 2015; 52:533-44. [PMID: 25204496 PMCID: PMC4362880 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8886-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid is a generic term for insoluble, often intensely hydrophobic, fibrous protein aggregates that arise from inappropriately folded versions of naturally-occurring polypeptides. The abnormal generation and accumulation of amyloid, often referred to as amyloidogenesis, has been associated with the immune and pro-inflammatory pathology of several progressive age-related diseases of the human central nervous system (CNS) including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This 'research perspective' paper reviews some of the research history, biophysics, molecular-genetics and environmental factors concerning the contribution of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides, derived from beta-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP), to AD and AMD that suggests an extensive similarity in immune and inflammatory degenerative mechanisms between these two CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhai Zhao
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite 904, New Orleans LA 70112 USA
| | - Surjyadipta Bhattacharjee
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite 904, New Orleans LA 70112 USA
| | - Brandon M. Jones
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite 904, New Orleans LA 70112 USA
| | - James M. Hill
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite 904, New Orleans LA 70112 USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite 904, New Orleans LA 70112 USA
- Department of Microbiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite 904, New Orleans LA 70112 USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite 904, New Orleans LA 70112 USA
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite 904, New Orleans LA 70112 USA
| | - Christian Clement
- Department of Natural Sciences, Infectious Diseases, Experimental Therapeutics and Human Toxicology Lab, Southern University at New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70126 USA
| | | | - Prerna Dua
- Department of Health Information Management, Louisiana State University, Ruston, LA 71272 USA
| | - Walter J. Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite 904, New Orleans LA 70112 USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite 904, New Orleans LA 70112 USA
- Department of Microbiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite 904, New Orleans LA 70112 USA
- Department of Natural Sciences, Infectious Diseases, Experimental Therapeutics and Human Toxicology Lab, Southern University at New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70126 USA
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Friedemann M, Helk E, Tiiman A, Zovo K, Palumaa P, Tõugu V. Effect of methionine-35 oxidation on the aggregation of amyloid-β peptide. Biochem Biophys Rep 2015; 3:94-99. [PMID: 29124171 PMCID: PMC5668694 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of Aβ peptides into amyloid plaques is considered to trigger the Alzheimer’s disease (AD), however the mechanism behind the AD onset has remained elusive. It is assumed that the insoluble Aβ aggregates enhance oxidative stress (OS) by generating free radicals with the assistance of bound copper ions. The aim of our study was to establish the role of Met35 residue in the oxidation and peptide aggregation processes. Met35 can be readily oxidized by H2O2. The fibrillization of Aβ with Met35 oxidized to sulfoxide was three times slower compared to that of the regular peptide. The fibrils of regular and oxidized peptides looked similar under transmission electron microscopy. The relatively small inhibitory effect of methionine oxidation on the fibrillization suggests that the possible variation in the Met oxidation state should not affect the in vivo plaque formation. The peptide oxidation pattern was more complex when copper ions were present: addition of one oxygen atom was still the fastest process, however, it was accompanied by multiple unspecific modifications of peptide residues. Addition of copper ions to the Aβ with oxidized Met35 in the presence of H2O2, resulted a similar pattern of nonspecific modifications, suggesting that the one-electron oxidation processes in the peptide molecule do not depend on the oxidation state of Met35 residue. Thus, it can be concluded that Met35 residue is not a part of the radical generating mechanism of Aβ–Cu(II) complex. Aβ peptides with oxidized Met35 residue fibrillize three times slower than the reduced peptide. Met35 is the only residue in Aβ peptide that is oxidized by H2O2 in the absent of copper ions. In the presence of copper ions as catalyst multiple unspecific oxidative processes occur in Aβ. Previous oxidation of Met35 does not affect the unspecific oxidation in the presence of copper ions.
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Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- Alzheimer's disease
- Aβ, Alzheimer's amyloid peptide
- Copper(II)ion
- HFIP, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol
- Methionine oxidation
- OS, oxidative stress
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- ThT, Thioflavin T
- β-amyloid
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Friedemann
- Department of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Eneken Helk
- Department of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ann Tiiman
- Department of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kairit Zovo
- Department of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Peep Palumaa
- Department of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Vello Tõugu
- Department of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
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Selenofuranoside Ameliorates Memory Loss in Alzheimer-Like Sporadic Dementia: AChE Activity, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation Involvement. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:976908. [PMID: 26090073 PMCID: PMC4454764 DOI: 10.1155/2015/976908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is becoming more common due to the increase in life expectancy. This study evaluated the effect of selenofuranoside (Se) in an Alzheimer-like sporadic dementia animal model. Male mice were divided into 4 groups: control, Aβ, Se, and Aβ + Se. Single administration of Aβ peptide (fragments 25-35; 3 nmol/3 μL) or distilled water was administered via intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection. Selenofuranoside (5 mg/kg) or vehicle (canola oil) was administered orally 30 min before Aβ and for 7 subsequent days. Memory was tested through the Morris water maze (MWM) and step-down passive-avoidance (SDPA) tests. Antioxidant defenses along with reactive species (RS) were assessed. Inflammatory cytokines levels and AChE activity were measured. SOD activity was inhibited in the Aβ group whereas RS were increased. AChE activity, GSH, and IL-6 levels were increased in the Aβ group. These changes were reflected in impaired cognition and memory loss, observed in both behavioral tests. Se compound was able to protect against memory loss in mice in both behavioral tests. SOD and AChE activities as well as RS and IL-6 levels were also protected by Se administration. Therefore, Se is promising for further studies.
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Oxidative Stress during the Progression of β-Amyloid Pathology in the Neocortex of the Tg2576 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:967203. [PMID: 25973140 PMCID: PMC4418010 DOI: 10.1155/2015/967203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, characterized by progressive neurodegeneration. Pathogenetic mechanisms, triggered by β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation, include oxidative stress, derived from energy homeostasis deregulation and involving mitochondria and peroxisomes. We here addressed the oxidative stress status and the elicited cellular response at the onset and during the progression of Aβ pathology, studying the neocortex of Tg2576 model of AD. Age-dependent changes of oxidative damage markers, antioxidant enzymes, and related transcription factors were analysed in relation to the distribution of Aβ peptide and oligomers, by a combined molecular/morphological approach. Nucleic acid oxidative damage, accompanied by defective antioxidant defences, and decreased PGC1α expression are already detected in 3-month-old Tg2576 neurons. Conversely, PPARα is increased in these cells, with its cytoplasmic localization suggesting nongenomic, anti-inflammatory actions. At 6 months, when intracellular Aβ accumulates, PMP70 is downregulated, indicating impairment of fatty acids peroxisomal translocation and their consequent harmful accumulation. In 9-month-old Tg2576 neocortex, Aβ oligomers and acrolein deposition correlate with GFAP, GPX1, and PMP70 increases, supporting a compensatory response, involving astroglial peroxisomes. At severe pathological stages, when senile plaques disrupt cortical cytoarchitecture, antioxidant capacity is gradually lost. Overall, our data suggest early therapeutic intervention in AD, also targeting peroxisomes.
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Barone E, Butterfield DA. Insulin resistance in Alzheimer disease: Is heme oxygenase-1 an Achille's heel? Neurobiol Dis 2015; 84:69-77. [PMID: 25731746 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance, clinically defined as the inability of insulin to increase glucose uptake and utilization, has been found to be associated with the progression of Alzheimer disease (AD). Indeed, postmortem AD brain shows all the signs of insulin resistance including: (i) reduced brain insulin receptor (IR) sensitivity, (ii) hypophosphorylation of the insulin receptor and downstream second messengers such as IRS-1, and (iii) attenuated insulin and insulin growth factor (IGF)-1 receptor expression. However, the exact mechanisms driving insulin resistance have not been completely elucidated. Quite recently, the levels of the peripheral inducible isoform of heme oxygenase (HO-1), a well-known protein up-regulated during cell stress response, were proposed to be among the strongest positive predictors of metabolic disease, including insulin resistance. Because our group previously reported on levels, activation state and oxidative stress-induced post-translational modifications of HO-1 in AD brain and our ongoing studies to better elucidate the role of HO-1 in insulin resistance-associated AD pathology, the aim of this review is to provide reader with a critical analysis on new aspects of the interplay between HO-1 and insulin resistance and on how the available lines of evidence could be useful for further comprehension of processes in AD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA.
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128
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Hossini AM, Megges M, Prigione A, Lichtner B, Toliat MR, Wruck W, Schröter F, Nuernberg P, Kroll H, Makrantonaki E, Zouboulis CC, Zoubouliss CC, Adjaye J. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neuronal cells from a sporadic Alzheimer's disease donor as a model for investigating AD-associated gene regulatory networks. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:84. [PMID: 25765079 PMCID: PMC4344782 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1262-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex, irreversible neurodegenerative disorder. At present there are neither reliable markers to diagnose AD at an early stage nor therapy. To investigate underlying disease mechanisms, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) allow the generation of patient-derived neuronal cells in a dish. Results In this study, employing iPS technology, we derived and characterized iPSCs from dermal fibroblasts of an 82-year-old female patient affected by sporadic AD. The AD-iPSCs were differentiated into neuronal cells, in order to generate disease-specific protein association networks modeling the molecular pathology on the transcriptome level of AD, to analyse the reflection of the disease phenotype in gene expression in AD-iPS neuronal cells, in particular in the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), and to address expression of typical AD proteins. We detected the expression of p-tau and GSK3B, a physiological kinase of tau, in neuronal cells derived from AD-iPSCs. Treatment of neuronal cells differentiated from AD-iPSCs with an inhibitor of γ-secretase resulted in the down-regulation of p-tau. Transcriptome analysis of AD-iPS derived neuronal cells revealed significant changes in the expression of genes associated with AD and with the constitutive as well as the inducible subunits of the proteasome complex. The neuronal cells expressed numerous genes associated with sub-regions within the brain thus suggesting the usefulness of our in-vitro model. Moreover, an AD-related protein interaction network composed of APP and GSK3B among others could be generated using neuronal cells differentiated from two AD-iPS cell lines. Conclusions Our study demonstrates how an iPSC-based model system could represent (i) a tool to study the underlying molecular basis of sporadic AD, (ii) a platform for drug screening and toxicology studies which might unveil novel therapeutic avenues for this debilitating neuronal disorder. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1262-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir M Hossini
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, 06847, Dessau, Germany.
| | - Matthias Megges
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany. .,Molecular Embryology and Aging Group, Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Alessandro Prigione
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany. .,Current address: Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert Roessle Str. 10, D-13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Bjoern Lichtner
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Mohammad R Toliat
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Wasco Wruck
- Molecular Embryology and Aging Group, Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Friederike Schröter
- Molecular Embryology and Aging Group, Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Peter Nuernberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Hartmut Kroll
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine Dessau, Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service NSTOB, 06847, Dessau, Germany.
| | - Eugenia Makrantonaki
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, 06847, Dessau, Germany. .,Geriatrics Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Reinickendorfer Str. 61, 13447, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Christos C Zoubouliss
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, 06847, Dessau, Germany.
| | - James Adjaye
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany. .,Molecular Embryology and Aging Group, Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
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129
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Inestrosa NC, Ríos JA, Cisternas P, Tapia-Rojas C, Rivera DS, Braidy N, Zolezzi JM, Godoy JA, Carvajal FJ, Ardiles AO, Bozinovic F, Palacios AG, Sachdev PS. Age Progression of Neuropathological Markers in the Brain of the Chilean Rodent Octodon degus, a Natural Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Pathol 2015; 25:679-91. [PMID: 25351914 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of age-related dementia worldwide. Several models for AD have been developed to provide information regarding the initial changes that lead to degeneration. Transgenic mouse models recapitulate many, but not all, of the features of AD, most likely because of the high complexity of the pathology. In this context, the validation of a wild-type animal model of AD that mimics the neuropathological and behavioral abnormalities is necessary. In previous studies, we have reported that the Chilean rodent Octodon degus could represent a natural model for AD. In the present work, we further describe the age-related neurodegeneration observed in the O. degus brain. We report some histopathological markers associated with the onset progression of AD, such as glial activation, increase in oxidative stress markers, neuronal apoptosis and the expression of the peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). With these results, we suggest that the O. degus could represent a new model for AD research and a powerful tool in the search for therapeutic strategies against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro UC Síndrome de Down, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.,Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Juvenal A Ríos
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro Cisternas
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cheril Tapia-Rojas
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela S Rivera
- Departamento de Ecología and Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Juan M Zolezzi
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Juan A Godoy
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco J Carvajal
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alvaro O Ardiles
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Francisco Bozinovic
- Centro UC Síndrome de Down, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ecología and Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adrián G Palacios
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Neurosychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
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130
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Li Y, Liu S, Man Y, Li N, Zhou YU. Effects of vitamins E and C combined with β-carotene on cognitive function in the elderly. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:1489-1493. [PMID: 25780457 PMCID: PMC4353806 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of vitamins E (VE) and C (VC), combined with β-carotene (β-C), on cognitive function in the elderly. A total of 276 elderly subjects completed the prospective study following treatment with VE, VC and different doses of β-C or with VE only. Cognitive function was assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS) tests. The plasma levels of amyloid-β (Aβ) and estradiol (E2) were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Results from the MMSE and HDS assessments indicated that the treatment strategy of VE and VC combined with β-C significantly improved cognitive function in the elderly subjects, particularly with higher doses of β-C. Furthermore, RIA suggested that treatment with these vitamins could markedly reduce plasma Aβ levels and elevate plasma E2 levels. The present findings suggest that treatment with VE, VC and β-C results in promising improvements in cognitive function in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272013, P.R. China
| | - Shumei Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Yigang Man
- Department of Pediatrics, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272013, P.R. China
| | - Y U Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272013, P.R. China
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131
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Porquet D, Andrés-Benito P, Griñán-Ferré C, Camins A, Ferrer I, Canudas AM, Del Valle J, Pallàs M. Amyloid and tau pathology of familial Alzheimer's disease APP/PS1 mouse model in a senescence phenotype background (SAMP8). AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:9747. [PMID: 25663420 PMCID: PMC4320125 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has provided robust neuropathological hallmarks of familial AD-like pattern at early ages, whereas senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) has a remarkable early senescence phenotype with pathological similarities to AD. The aim of this study was the investigation and characterization of cognitive and neuropathological AD markers in a novel mouse model that combines the characteristics of the APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model with a senescence-accelerated background of SAMP8 mice. Initially, significant differences were found regarding amyloid plaque formation and cognitive abnormalities. Bearing these facts in mind, we determined a general characterization of the main AD brain molecular markers, such as alterations in amyloid pathway, neuroinflammation, and hyperphosphorylation of tau in these mice along their lifetimes. Results from this analysis revealed that APP/PS1 in SAMP8 background mice showed alterations in the pathways studied in comparison with SAMP8 and APP/PS1, demonstrating that a senescence-accelerated background exacerbated the amyloid pathology and maintained the cognitive dysfunction present in APP/PS1 mice. Changes in tau pathology, including the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK3β), differs, but not in a parallel manner, with amyloid disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Porquet
- />Secció de Farmacologia, Departament Farmacologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- />Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - P. Andrés-Benito
- />Secció de Farmacologia, Departament Farmacologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C. Griñán-Ferré
- />Secció de Farmacologia, Departament Farmacologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- />Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Camins
- />Secció de Farmacologia, Departament Farmacologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- />Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - I. Ferrer
- />Institut de Neuropatologia de l’Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (HUB), Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08907 Bellvitge, Barcelona Spain
- />Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - A. M. Canudas
- />Secció de Farmacologia, Departament Farmacologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- />Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Del Valle
- />Secció de Farmacologia, Departament Farmacologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- />Grup de Neuroplasticitat i Regeneració, Institut de Neurociències i Departament de Biologia cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
- />Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- />Secció de Farmacologia, Departament Farmacologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- />Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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Shi Q, Chen LN, Zhang BY, Xiao K, Zhou W, Chen C, Zhang XM, Tian C, Gao C, Wang J, Han J, Dong XP. Proteomics analyses for the global proteins in the brain tissues of different human prion diseases. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:854-69. [PMID: 25616867 PMCID: PMC4390265 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.038018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteomics changes of brain tissues have been described in different neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. However, the brain proteomics of human prion disease remains less understood. In the study, the proteomics patterns of cortex and cerebellum of brain tissues of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, fatal familial insomnia, and G114V genetic CJD were analyzed with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation combined with multidimensional liquid chromatography and MS analysis, with the brains from three normal individuals as controls. Global protein profiling, significant pathway, and functional categories were analyzed. In total, 2287 proteins were identified with quantitative information both in cortex and cerebellum regions. Cerebellum tissues appeared to contain more up- and down-regulated proteins (727 proteins) than cortex regions (312 proteins) of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, fatal familial insomnia, and G114V genetic CJD. Viral myocarditis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, lysosome, oxidative phosphorylation, protein export, and drug metabolism-cytochrome P450 were the most commonly affected pathways of the three kinds of diseases. Almost coincident biological functions were identified in the brain tissues of the three diseases. In all, data here demonstrate that the brain tissues of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, fatal familial insomnia, and G114V genetic CJD have obvious proteomics changes at their terminal stages, which show the similarities not only among human prion diseases but also with other neurodegeneration diseases. This is the first study to provide a reference proteome map for human prion diseases and will be helpful for future studies focused on potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and therapy of human prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shi
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Na Chen
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Yun Zhang
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Xiao
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhou
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Cao Chen
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhang
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Chan Tian
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Gao
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Han
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China; §Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Emnett CM, Eisenman LN, Mohan J, Taylor AA, Doherty JJ, Paul SM, Zorumski CF, Mennerick S. Interaction between positive allosteric modulators and trapping blockers of the NMDA receptor channel. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:1333-47. [PMID: 25377730 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Memantine and ketamine are clinically used, open-channel blockers of NMDA receptors exhibiting remarkable pharmacodynamic similarities despite strikingly different clinical profiles. Although NMDA channel gating constitutes an important difference between memantine and ketamine, it is unclear how positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) might affect the pharmacodynamics of these NMDA blockers. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used two different PAMs: SGE-201, an analogue of an endogenous oxysterol, 24S-hydroxycholesterol, along with pregnenolone sulphate (PS), to test on memantine and ketamine responses in single cells (oocytes and cultured neurons) and networks (hippocampal slices), using standard electrophysiological techniques. KEY RESULTS SGE-201 and PS had no effect on steady-state block or voltage dependence of a channel blocker. However, both PAMs increased the actions of memantine and ketamine on phasic excitatory post-synaptic currents, but neither revealed underlying pharmacodynamic differences. SGE-201 accelerated the re-equilibration of blockers during voltage jumps. SGE-201 also unmasked differences among the blockers in neuronal networks - measured either by suppression of activity in multi-electrode arrays or by neuroprotection against a mild excitotoxic insult. Either potentiating NMDA receptors while maintaining the basal activity level or increasing activity/depolarization without potentiating NMDA receptor function is sufficient to expose pharmacodynamic blocker differences in suppressing network function and in neuroprotection. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Positive modulation revealed no pharmacodynamic differences between NMDA receptor blockers at a constant voltage, but did expose differences during spontaneous network activity. Endogenous modulator tone of NMDA receptors in different brain regions may underlie differences in the effects of NMDA receptor blockers on behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Emnett
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Abstract
Oxidative stress is characterized by imbalanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defenses. Two main antioxidant systems exist. The nonenzymatic system relies on molecules to directly quench ROS and the enzymatic system is composed of specific enzymes that detoxify ROS. Among the latter, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) family is important in oxidative stress modulation. Of these, manganese-dependent SOD (MnSOD) plays a major role due to its mitochondrial location, i.e., the main site of superoxide (O(2)(·-)) production. As such, extensive research has focused on its capacity to modulate oxidative stress. Early data demonstrated the relevance of MnSOD as an O(2)(·-) scavenger. More recent research has, however, identified a prominent role for MnSOD in carcinogenesis. In addition, SOD downregulation appears associated with health risk in heart and brain. A single nucleotide polymorphism which alters the mitochondria signaling sequence for the cytosolic MnSOD form has been identified. Transport into the mitochondria was differentially affected by allelic presence and a new chapter in MnSOD research thus begun. As a result, an ever-increasing number of diseases appear associated with this allelic variation including metabolic and cardiovascular disease. Although diet and exercise upregulate MnSOD, the relationship between environmental and genetic factors remains unclear.
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135
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Zhang LF, Zhou ZW, Wang ZH, Du YH, He ZX, Cao C, Zhou SF. Coffee and caffeine potentiate the antiamyloidogenic activity of melatonin via inhibition of Aβ oligomerization and modulation of the Tau-mediated pathway in N2a/APP cells. Drug Des Devel Ther 2014; 9:241-72. [PMID: 25565776 PMCID: PMC4284031 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s71106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which has become a public health issue. However, the underlying mechanisms for the pathogenesis of AD are not fully understood, and the current therapeutic drugs cannot produce acceptable efficacy in AD patients. Previous animal studies have shown that coffee (Coff), caffeine (Caff), and melatonin (Mel) have beneficial effects on AD. Disturbed circadian rhythms are observed in AD, and chronotherapy has shown promising effects on AD. In this study, we examined whether a combination of Coff or Caff plus Mel produced a synergistic/additive effect on amyloid-β (Aβ) generation in Neuro-2a (N2a)/amyloid precursor protein (APP) cells and the possible mechanisms involved. Cells were treated with Coff or Caff, with or without combined Mel, with three different chronological regimens. In regimen 1, cells were treated with Coff or Caff for 12 hours in the day, followed by Mel for 12 hours in the night. For regimen 2, cells were treated with Coff or Caff plus Mel for 24 hours, from 7 am to 7 am the next day. In regimen 3, cells were treated with Coff or Caff plus Mel with regimen 1 or 2 for 5 consecutive days. The extracellular Aβ40/42 and Aβ oligomer levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The expression and/or phosphorylation levels of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), Erk1/2, PI3K, Akt, Tau, Wnt3α, β-catenin, and Nrf2 were detected by Western blot assay. The results showed that regimen 1 produced an additive antiamyloidogenic effect with significantly reduced extracellular levels of Aβ40/42 and Aβ42 oligomers. Regimen 2 did not result in remarkable effects, and regimen 3 showed a less antiamyloidogenic effect compared to regimen 1. Coff or Caff, plus Mel reduced oxidative stress in N2a/APP cells via the Nrf2 pathway. Coff or Caff, plus Mel inhibited GSK3β, Akt, PI3K p55, and Tau phosphorylation but enhanced PI3K p85 and Erk1/2 phosphorylation in N2a/APP cells. Coff or Caff, plus Mel downregulated Wnt3α expression but upregulated β-catenin. However, Coff or Caff plus Mel did not significantly alter the production of T helper cell (Th)1-related interleukin (IL)-12 and interferon (IFN)-γ and Th2-related IL-4 and IL-10 in N2a/APP cells. The autophagy of cells was not affected by the combinations. Taken together, combination of Caff or Coff, before treatment with Mel elicits an additive antiamyloidogenic effects in N2a/APP cells, probably through inhibition of Aβ oligomerization and modulation of the Akt/GSK3β/Tau signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Zhen-Hai Wang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hui Du
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xu He
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center and Sino-US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanhai Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center and Sino-US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
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Redox proteomics analysis to decipher the neurobiology of Alzheimer-like neurodegeneration: overlaps in Down's syndrome and Alzheimer's disease brain. Biochem J 2014; 463:177-89. [PMID: 25242166 DOI: 10.1042/bj20140772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of oxidative damage is a common feature of neurodegeneration that, together with mitochondrial dysfunction, point to the fact that reactive oxygen species are major contributors to loss of neuronal homoeostasis and cell death. Among several targets of oxidative stress, free-radical-mediated damage to proteins is particularly important in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. In the majority of cases, oxidative-stress-mediated post-translational modifications cause non-reversible modifications of protein structure that consistently lead to impaired function. Redox proteomics methods are powerful tools to unravel the complexity of neurodegeneration, by identifying brain proteins with oxidative post-translational modifications that are detrimental for protein function. The present review discusses the current literature showing evidence of impaired pathways linked to oxidative stress possibly involved in the neurodegenerative process leading to the development of Alzheimer-like dementia. In particular, we focus attention on dysregulated pathways that underlie neurodegeneration in both aging adults with DS (Down's syndrome) and AD (Alzheimer's disease). Since AD pathology is age-dependent in DS and shows similarities with AD, identification of common oxidized proteins by redox proteomics in both DS and AD can improve our understanding of the overlapping mechanisms that lead from normal aging to development of AD. The most relevant proteomics findings highlight that disturbance of protein homoeostasis and energy production are central mechanisms of neurodegeneration and overlap in aging DS and AD. Protein oxidation affects crucial intracellular functions and may be considered a 'leitmotif' of degenerating neurons. Therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing/reducing multiple components of processes leading to accumulation of oxidative damage will be critical in future studies.
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137
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Brain catalase in the streptozotocin-rat model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease treated with the iron chelator-monoamine oxidase inhibitor, M30. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2014; 122:559-64. [PMID: 25252744 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-014-1307-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Low intracerebroventricular (icv) doses of streptozotocin (STZ) produce regionally specific brain neurochemical changes in rats that are similar to those found in the brain of patients with sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD). Since oxidative stress is thought to be one of the major pathologic processes in sAD, catalase (CAT) activity was estimated in the regional brain tissue of animals treated intracerebroventricularly with STZ and the multitarget iron chelator, antioxidant and MAO-inhibitor M30 [5-(N-methyl-N-propargylaminomethyl)-8-hydroxyquinoline]. Five-day oral pre-treatment of adult male Wistar rats with 10 mg/kg/day M30 dose was followed by a single injection of STZ (1 mg/kg, icv). CAT activity was measured colorimetrically in the hippocampus (HPC), brain stem (BS) and cerebellum (CB) of the control, STZ-, M30- and STZ + M30-treated rats, respectively, 4 weeks after the STZ treatment. STZ-treated rats demonstrated significantly lower CAT activity in all three brain regions in comparison to the controls (p < 0.05 for BS and CB, p < 0.01 for HPC). M30 pre-treatment of the control rats did not influence the CAT activity in HPC and CB, but significantly increased it in BS (p < 0.05). M30 pre-treatment of STZ-treated rats significantly increased CAT activity in the HPC in comparison to the STZ treatment alone (p < 0.05) and normalized to the control values. These findings are in line with the assumption that reactive oxygen species contribute to the pathogenesis of STZ in a rat model of sAD and indicate that multifunctional iron chelators such as M30 might also have beneficial effects in this non-transgenic sAD model.
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Di Domenico F, Barone E, Perluigi M, Butterfield DA. Strategy to reduce free radical species in Alzheimer’s disease: an update of selected antioxidants. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 15:19-40. [DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2015.955853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Butterfield DA. The 2013 SFRBM discovery award: selected discoveries from the butterfield laboratory of oxidative stress and its sequela in brain in cognitive disorders exemplified by Alzheimer disease and chemotherapy induced cognitive impairment. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 74:157-74. [PMID: 24996204 PMCID: PMC4146642 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This retrospective review on discoveries of the roles of oxidative stress in brain of subjects with Alzheimer disease (AD) and animal models thereof as well as brain from animal models of chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI) results from the author receiving the 2013 Discovery Award from the Society for Free Radical Biology and Medicine. The paper reviews our laboratory's discovery of protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation in AD brain regions rich in amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) but not in Aβ-poor cerebellum; redox proteomics as a means to identify oxidatively modified brain proteins in AD and its earlier forms that are consistent with the pathology, biochemistry, and clinical presentation of these disorders; how Aβ in in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro studies can lead to oxidative modification of key proteins that also are oxidatively modified in AD brain; the role of the single methionine residue of Aβ(1-42) in these processes; and some of the potential mechanisms in the pathogenesis and progression of AD. CICI affects a significant fraction of the 14 million American cancer survivors, and due to diminished cognitive function, reduced quality of life of the persons with CICI (called "chemobrain" by patients) often results. A proposed mechanism for CICI employed the prototypical ROS-generating and non-blood brain barrier (BBB)-penetrating chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (Dox, also called adriamycin, ADR). Because of the quinone moiety within the structure of Dox, this agent undergoes redox cycling to produce superoxide free radical peripherally. This, in turn, leads to oxidative modification of the key plasma protein, apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1). Oxidized ApoA1 leads to elevated peripheral TNFα, a proinflammatory cytokine that crosses the BBB to induce oxidative stress in brain parenchyma that affects negatively brain mitochondria. This subsequently leads to apoptotic cell death resulting in CICI. This review outlines aspects of CICI consistent with the clinical presentation, biochemistry, and pathology of this disorder. To the author's knowledge this is the only plausible and self-consistent mechanism to explain CICI. These two different disorders of the CNS affect millions of persons worldwide. Both AD and CICI share free radical-mediated oxidative stress in brain, but the source of oxidative stress is not the same. Continued research is necessary to better understand both AD and CICI. The discoveries about these disorders from the Butterfield Laboratory that led to the 2013 Discovery Award from the Society of Free Radical and Medicine provide a significant foundation from which this future research can be launched.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, Free Radical Biology in Cancer, Shared Resource Facility of the Markey Cancer Center, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
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140
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Xu X, Wang G, Zhou T, Chen L, Chen J, Shen X. Novel approaches to drug discovery for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2014; 9:1047-58. [PMID: 25054271 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2014.941352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic, complex and multifactorial metabolic disorder, which has become a serious global health problem. The side effects of known drugs and the deficiency of long-term safety data, in addition to the already determined adverse effects for the current preclinical drugs against T2DM, have largely called upon the urgent exploration of novel therapeutic and preventative strategies against this disease. AREAS COVERED The authors highlight the potential approaches for anti-T2DM drug discovery by focusing on: the restoration of pancreatic β-cell mass, the promotion of insulin secretion, the regulation of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the modulation of autophagy. EXPERT OPINION T2DM is based on the gradual development of insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Thus, the restoration of β-cell function is considered as one of the promising therapeutic strategies against T2DM. The stress factors, such as oxidative stress, ER stress and autophagy, play potent roles in the regulation of β-cell apoptosis, insulin secretion and sensitivity in the development of T2DM involving complicated cross-talks. Based on multiplex stress-involved regulatory networks, more and more novel potential targets have been discovered and the multi-targeted drug leads are expected to help develop more effective clinical agents for the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203 , China ; ;
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141
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Li XL, Hu N, Tan MS, Yu JT, Tan L. Behavioral and psychological symptoms in Alzheimer's disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:927804. [PMID: 25133184 PMCID: PMC4123596 DOI: 10.1155/2014/927804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) such as depression, apathy, aggression, and psychosis are now recognized as core features of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and there is a general consensus that greater symptom severity is predictive of faster cognitive decline, loss of independence, and even shorter survival. Whether these symptoms result from the same pathogenic processes responsible for cognitive decline or have unique etiologies independent of AD-associated neurodegeneration is unclear. Many structural and metabolic features of the AD brain are associated with individual neuropsychiatric symptoms or symptom clusters. In addition, many genes have been identified and confirmed that are associated with symptom risk in a few cases. However, there are no single genes strongly predictive of individual neuropsychiatric syndromes, while functional and structural brain changes unique to specific symptoms may reflect variability in progression of the same pathological processes. Unfortunately, treatment success for these psychiatric symptoms may be lower when comorbid with AD, underscoring the importance of future research on their pathobiology and treatment. This review summarizes some of the most salient aspects of NPS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Li
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Nan Hu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Meng-Shan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao 266071, China
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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Xiao Z, Zhang A, Lin J, Zheng Z, Shi X, Di W, Qi W, Zhu Y, Zhou G, Fang Y. Telomerase: a target for therapeutic effects of curcumin and a curcumin derivative in Aβ1-42 insult in vitro. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101251. [PMID: 24983737 PMCID: PMC4077729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate whether telomerase was involved in the neuroprotective effect of curcumin and Cur1. Alzheimer's disease is a consequence of an imbalance between the generation and clearance of amyloid-beta peptide in the brain. In this study, we used Aβ1-42 (10 µg/ml) to establish a damaged cell model, and curcumin and Cur1 were used in treatment groups. We measured cell survival and cell growth, intracellular oxidative stress and hTERT expression. After RNA interference, the effects of curcumin and Cur1 on cells were verified. Exposure to Aβ1–42 resulted in significant oxidative stress and cell toxicity, and the expression of hTERT was significantly decreased. Curcumin and Cur1 both protected SK-N-SH cells from Aβ1–42 and up-regulated the expression of hTERT. Furthermore, Cur1 demonstrated stronger protective effects than curcumin. However, when telomerase was inhibited by TERT siRNA, the neuroprotection by curcumin and Cur1 were ceased. Our study indicated that the neuroprotective effects of curcumin and Cur1 depend on telomerase, and thus telomerase may be a target for therapeutic effects of curcumin and Cur1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Xiao
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiwu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianwen Lin
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyang Zheng
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Shi
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Di
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingting Zhu
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guijuan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yannan Fang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Tsukada H, Nishiyama S, Ohba H, Kanazawa M, Kakiuchi T, Harada N. Comparing amyloid-β deposition, neuroinflammation, glucose metabolism, and mitochondrial complex I activity in brain: a PET study in aged monkeys. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2014; 41:2127-36. [PMID: 24919653 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-014-2821-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to compare amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, translocator protein (TSPO) activity, regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (rCMRglc), and mitochondrial complex I (MC-I) activity in the brain of aged monkeys. METHODS PET scans with (11)C-PIB (Aβ), (18)F-BCPP-EF (MC-I), (11)C-DPA-713 (TSPO), and (18)F-FDG (rCMRglc) were performed in aged monkeys (Macaca mulatta) in the conscious state and under isoflurane anaesthesia. (11)C-PIB binding to Aβ and (11)C-DPA-713 binding to TSPO were evaluated in terms of standard uptake values (SUV). The total volume of distribution (V T) of (18)F-BCPP-EF and rCMRglc with (18)F-FDG were calculated using arterial blood sampling. RESULTS Isoflurane did not affect MC-I activity measured in terms of (18)F-BCPP-EF uptake in living brain. There was a significant negative correlation between (18)F-BCPP-EF binding (V T) and (11)C-PIB uptake (SUVR), and there was a significant positive correlation between (11)C-DPA-713 uptake (SUV) and (11)C-PIB uptake. In contrast, there was no significant correlation between rCMRglc ratio and (11)C-PIB uptake. CONCLUSION (18)F-BCPP-EF could be a potential PET probe for quantitative imaging of impaired MC-I activity that is correlated with Aβ deposition in the living brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Tsukada
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita, Shizuoka, 434-8601, Japan,
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Cornelius C, Koverech G, Crupi R, Di Paola R, Koverech A, Lodato F, Scuto M, Salinaro AT, Cuzzocrea S, Calabrese EJ, Calabrese V. Osteoporosis and alzheimer pathology: Role of cellular stress response and hormetic redox signaling in aging and bone remodeling. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:120. [PMID: 24959146 PMCID: PMC4050335 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and osteoporosis are multifactorial progressive degenerative disorders. Increasing evidence shows that osteoporosis and hip fracture are common complication observed in AD patients, although the mechanisms underlying this association remain poorly understood. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are emerging as intracellular redox signaling molecules involved in the regulation of bone metabolism, including receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand-dependent osteoclast differentiation, but they also have cytotoxic effects that include lipoperoxidation and oxidative damage to proteins and DNA. ROS generation, which is implicated in the regulation of cellular stress response mechanisms, is an integrated, highly regulated, process under control of redox sensitive genes coding for redox proteins called vitagenes. Vitagenes, encoding for proteins such as heat shock proteins (Hsps) Hsp32, Hsp70, the thioredoxin, and the sirtuin protein, represent a systems controlling a complex network of intracellular signaling pathways relevant to life span and involved in the preservation of cellular homeostasis under stress conditions. Consistently, nutritional anti-oxidants have demonstrated their neuroprotective potential through a hormetic-dependent activation of vitagenes. The biological relevance of dose–response affects those strategies pointing to the optimal dosing to patients in the treatment of numerous diseases. Thus, the heat shock response has become an important hormetic target for novel cytoprotective strategies focusing on the pharmacological development of compounds capable of modulating stress response mechanisms. Here we discuss possible signaling mechanisms involved in the activation of vitagenes which, relevant to bone remodeling and through enhancement of cellular stress resistance provide a rationale to limit the deleterious consequences associated to homeostasis disruption with consequent impact on the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Cornelius
- Department of Chemistry, University of Catania Catania, Italy ; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine Messina, Italy
| | - Guido Koverech
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine Messina, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Koverech
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Lodato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | - Angela T Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine Messina, Italy ; University of Manchester Manchester, UK
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA
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Benedetti E, D'Angelo B, Cristiano L, Di Giacomo E, Fanelli F, Moreno S, Cecconi F, Fidoamore A, Antonosante A, Falcone R, Ippoliti R, Giordano A, Cimini A. Involvement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPAR β/δ) in BDNF signaling during aging and in Alzheimer disease: possible role of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). Cell Cycle 2014; 13:1335-44. [PMID: 24621497 DOI: 10.4161/cc.28295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging and many neurological disorders, such as AD, are linked to oxidative stress, which is considered the common effector of the cascade of degenerative events. In this phenomenon, reactive oxygen species play a fundamental role in the oxidative decomposition of polyunsaturated fatty acids, resulting in the formation of a complex mixture of aldehydic end products, such as malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal, and other alkenals. Interestingly, 4-HNE has been indicated as an intracellular agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ. In this study, we examined, at early and advanced AD stages (3, 9, and 18 months), the pattern of 4-HNE and its catabolic enzyme glutathione S-transferase P1 in relation to the expression of PPARβ/δ, BDNF signaling, as mRNA and protein, as well as on their pathological forms (i.e., precursors or truncated forms). The data obtained indicate a novel detrimental age-dependent role of PPAR β/δ in AD by increasing pro-BDNF and decreasing BDNF/TrkB survival pathways, thus pointing toward the possibility that a specific PPARβ/δ antagonist may be used to counteract the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences; University of L'Aquila; Coppito L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Barbara D'Angelo
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences; University of L'Aquila; Coppito L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Loredana Cristiano
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences; University of L'Aquila; Coppito L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Erica Di Giacomo
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences; University of L'Aquila; Coppito L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Sandra Moreno
- Department of Science-LIME; Roma Tre University; Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- Department of Biology; University of Rome "Tor Vergata"; Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Fidoamore
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences; University of L'Aquila; Coppito L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Antonosante
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences; University of L'Aquila; Coppito L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberta Falcone
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences; University of L'Aquila; Coppito L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Ippoliti
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences; University of L'Aquila; Coppito L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neurosciences; University of Siena; Siena, Italy; Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology; Temple University; Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences; University of L'Aquila; Coppito L'Aquila, Italy; Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology; Temple University; Philadelphia, PA USA
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