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Einarsdottir HK, Selman MHJ, Kapur R, Scherjon S, Koeleman CAM, Deelder AM, van der Schoot CE, Vidarsson G, Wuhrer M. Comparison of the Fc glycosylation of fetal and maternal immunoglobulin G. Glycoconj J 2013; 30:147-57. [PMID: 22572841 PMCID: PMC3552368 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-012-9381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules are composed of two Fab portions and one Fc portion. The glycans attached to the Fc portions of IgG are known to modulate its biological activity as they influence interaction with both complement and various cellular Fc receptors. IgG glycosylation changes significantly with pregnancy, showing a vast increase in galactosylation and sialylation and a concomitant decrease in the incidence of bisecting GlcNAc. Maternal IgGs are actively transported to the fetus by the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) expressed in syncytiotrophoblasts in the placenta, providing the fetus and newborn with immunological protection. Two earlier reports described significant differences in total glycosylation between fetal and maternal IgG, suggesting a possible glycosylation-selective transport via the placenta. These results might suggest an alternative maternal transport pathway, since FcRn binding to IgG does not depend on Fc-glycosylation. These early studies were performed by releasing N-glycans from total IgG. Here, we chose for an alternative approach analyzing IgG Fc glycosylation at the glycopeptide level in an Fc-specific manner, providing glycosylation profiles for IgG1 and IgG4 as well as combined Fc glycosylation profiles of IgG2 and 3. The analysis of ten pairs of fetal and maternal IgG samples revealed largely comparable Fc glycosylation for all the analyzed subclasses. Average levels of galactosylation, sialylation, bisecting GlcNAc and fucosylation were very similar for the fetal and maternal IgGs. Our data suggest that the placental IgG transport is not Fc glycosylation selective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga K. Einarsdottir
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice H. J. Selman
- Department of Parasitology, Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Kapur
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sicco Scherjon
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien A. M. Koeleman
- Department of Parasitology, Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - André M. Deelder
- Department of Parasitology, Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C. Ellen van der Schoot
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Department of Parasitology, Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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102
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Abstract
Mass spectrometry plays an increasingly important role in structural glycomics. This review provides an overview on currently used mass spectrometric approaches such as the characterization of glycans, the analysis of glycopeptides obtained by proteolytic cleavage of proteins and the analysis of glycosphingolipids. The given examples are demonstrating the application of mass spectrometry to study glycosylation changes associated with congenital disorders of glycosylation, lysosomal storage diseases, autoimmune diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Wuhrer
- Department of Parasitology, Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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103
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Liao M, Ye F, Zhang B, Huang L, Xiao Q, Qin M, Mo L, Tan A, Gao Y, Lu Z, Wu C, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Qin X, Hu Y, Yang X, Mo Z. Genome-wide association study identifies common variants at TNFRSF13B associated with IgG level in a healthy Chinese male population. Genes Immun 2012; 13:509-13. [DOI: 10.1038/gene.2012.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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104
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Zoldoš V, Novokmet M, Bečeheli I, Lauc G. Genomics and epigenomics of the human glycome. Glycoconj J 2012; 30:41-50. [PMID: 22648057 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-012-9397-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The majority of all proteins are glycosylated and glycans have numerous important structural, functional and regulatory roles in various physiological processes. While structure of the polypeptide part of a glycoprotein is defined by the sequence of nucleotides in the corresponding gene, structure of a glycan part results from dynamic interactions between hundreds of genes, their protein products and environmental factors. The composition of the glycome attached to an individual protein, or to a complex mixture of proteins, like human plasma, is stable within an individual, but very variable between individuals. This variability stems from numerous common genetic polymorphisms reflecting in changes in the complex biosynthetic pathway of glycans, but also from the interaction with the environment. Environment can affect glycan biosynthesis at the level of substrate availability, regulation of enzyme activity and/or hormonal signals, but also through gene-environment interactions. Epigenetics provides a molecular basis how the environment can modify phenotype of an individual. The epigenetic information (DNA methylation pattern and histone code) is especially vulnerable to environmental effects in the early intrauterine and neo-natal development and many common late-onset diseases take root already at that time. The evidences showing the link between epigenetics and glycosylation are accumulating. Recent progress in high-throughput glycomics, genomics and epigenomics enabled first epidemiological and genome-wide association studies of the glycome, which are presented in this mini-review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlatka Zoldoš
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb, Croatia.
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