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Erdemli ME, Turkoz Y, Altinoz E, Elibol E, Dogan Z. Investigation of the effects of acrylamide applied during pregnancy on fetal brain development in rats and protective role of the vitamin E. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 35:1337-1344. [PMID: 26916244 DOI: 10.1177/0960327116632049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A liberal amount of acrylamide (AA) is produced as a result of frying or baking foods in high temperatures, and individuals take certain amounts of AA everyday by consuming these food items. Pregnant women are also exposed to AA originating from food during pregnancy and their fetus are probably affected. The rats were divided into five different groups: control (C), corn oil (CO), vitamin E (Vit E), AA, and Vit E + AA, with eight pregnant rats in each group. On the 20th day of pregnancy, fetuses were removed and brain tissues of fetuses were examined for biochemical and histological changes. AA caused degeneration in neuron structures in fetal brain tissue and caused hemorrhagic damages; dramatically decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels; increased malondialdehyde, total oxidant capacity levels; and decreased reduced glutathione and total antioxidant capacity levels (p < 0.05). On the other hand, it was determined that the Vit E, a neuroprotectant and a powerful antioxidant, suppressed the effects of AA on fetal development and fetal brain tissue damage for the above-mentioned parameters (p < 0.05). It is recommended to consume food containing Vit E as a protection to minimize the toxic effects of food-oriented AA on fetus development due to the widespread nature of fast-food culture in today's life and the impossibility of protection from AA toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Erdemli
- Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Y Turkoz
- Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - E Altinoz
- Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - E Elibol
- Medical Faculty, Department of Histology and Embryology, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Z Dogan
- Medical Faculty, Department of Anatomy, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
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102
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Qiu H, Zhong R, Liu H, Zhang F, Li S, Le W. Chronic Sleep Deprivation Exacerbates Learning-Memory Disability and Alzheimer’s Disease-Like Pathologies in AβPPswe/PS1ΔE9 Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 50:669-85. [PMID: 26757041 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Qiu
- Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Rujia Zhong
- The Center for Translational Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- The Center for Translational Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Song Li
- The Center for Translational Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Le
- Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- The Center for Translational Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
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103
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Tempol prevents chronic sleep-deprivation induced memory impairment. Brain Res Bull 2016; 120:144-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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104
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Borkum JM. Migraine Triggers and Oxidative Stress: A Narrative Review and Synthesis. Headache 2015; 56:12-35. [PMID: 26639834 DOI: 10.1111/head.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blau theorized that migraine triggers are exposures that in higher amounts would damage the brain. The recent discovery that the TRPA1 ion channel transduces oxidative stress and triggers neurogenic inflammation suggests that oxidative stress may be the common denominator underlying migraine triggers. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to present and discuss the available literature on the capacity of common migraine triggers to generate oxidative stress in the brain. METHODS A Medline search was conducted crossing the terms "oxidative stress" and "brain" with "alcohol," "dehydration," "water deprivation," "monosodium glutamate," "aspartame," "tyramine," "phenylethylamine," "dietary nitrates," "nitrosamines," "noise," "weather," "air pollutants," "hypoglycemia," "hypoxia," "infection," "estrogen," "circadian," "sleep deprivation," "information processing," "psychosocial stress," or "nitroglycerin and tolerance." "Flavonoids" was crossed with "prooxidant." The reference lists of the resulting articles were examined for further relevant studies. The focus was on empirical studies, in vitro and of animals, of individual triggers, indicating whether and/or by what mechanism they can generate oxidative stress. RESULTS In all cases except pericranial pain, common migraine triggers are capable of generating oxidative stress. Depending on the trigger, mechanisms include a high rate of energy production by the mitochondria, toxicity or altered membrane properties of the mitochondria, calcium overload and excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation and activation of microglia, and activation of neuronal nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. For some triggers, oxidants also arise as a byproduct of monoamine oxidase or cytochrome P450 processing, or from uncoupling of nitric oxide synthase. CONCLUSIONS Oxidative stress is a plausible unifying principle behind the types of migraine triggers encountered in clinical practice. The possible implications for prevention and for understanding the nature of the migraine attack are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Borkum
- Department of Psychology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.,Health Psych Maine, Waterville, ME, USA
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105
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Transcranial magnetic stimulation and aging: Effects on spatial learning and memory after sleep deprivation in Octodon degus. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2015; 125:274-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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106
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Salehi I, Karamian R, Komaki A, Tahmasebi L, Taheri M, Nazari M, Shahidi S, Sarihi A. Effects of vitamin E on lead-induced impairments in hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Brain Res 2015; 1629:270-81. [PMID: 26462654 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) exposure during development is associated with impaired cognitive function and long-term potentiation (LTP). Vitamin E (VE) is an antioxidant that could have protective effects against Pb intoxication. In this study, we examined the protective effects of vitamin E against Pb-induced LTP impairments. Forty-six adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 treatment groups: (1) control; (2) Pb exposure; (3) VE; (4) Pb +VE; (5) Pb exposure followed by VE 2 months after exposure; (6) VE followed by Pb exposure 1 month after treatment. Rats were exposed to Pb through daily consumption of Pb-contaminated distilled water; VE was administered by daily gavage for 3 months. After this period, the population spike (PS) amplitudes and the slopes of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) were measured in the dentate gyrus (DG) area of the hippocampus in adult rats in response to electrical stimulation applied to the perforant pathway in vivo. Blood samples were also collected to evaluate malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidant status (TOS). Biochemical analyses demonstrated significant increases in plasma MDA and TOS levels in the Pb-exposed group compared to the control group. VE-protected groups revealed significant increases in TAC levels. Our results demonstrate that Pb decreased EPSP slopes and PS amplitudes compared to the control group, whereas VE increased these parameters compared to the control group. Co-administration of VE with Pb exposure inhibited Pb-induced effects. These findings suggest that VE via its antioxidant activity reverses Pb-induced impairments of synaptic plasticity in the DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraj Salehi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ruhollah Karamian
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Lida Tahmasebi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Taheri
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Nazari
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Siamak Shahidi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abdolrahman Sarihi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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107
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The Effect of Waterpipe Tobacco Smoke Exposure on Learning and Memory Functions in the Rat Model. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 57:249-56. [PMID: 26160697 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0613-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is a global health hazard that kills about 5 million people annually. Waterpipe smoking is among the most popular methods of tobacco consumption worldwide. In this study, we investigated whether waterpipe smoking impairs learning and memory in the hippocampus, a question of special concern due to the particular popularity of waterpipe use among youth. Additionally, possible molecular targets for expected learning and memory impairment were determined. In this study, rats were exposed to waterpipe smoke (WTS) by whole body exposure 1 h × 5 days/week, for 1 month, and outcomes were compared to a control group exposed only to fresh air. Outcomes included spatial learning and memory using the radial arm water maze (RAWM) and oxidative stress biomarkers (catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), GSH/GSSG ratio). We found that WTS exposure led to impaired short- and long-term memory. This impairment was accompanied by reduced hippocampal activity of catalase, SOD, GPx, GSH, and GSH/GSSG, elevated GSSG, thus marked changes in oxidative stress biomarkers. In conclusion, there is reason for concern that WTS exposure may impair cognitive ability.
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108
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Alzoubi KH, Mayyas FA, Khabour OF, Bani Salama FM, Alhashimi FH, Mhaidat NM. Chronic Melatonin Treatment Prevents Memory Impairment Induced by Chronic Sleep Deprivation. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:3439-3447. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9286-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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109
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Arent CO, Valvassori SS, Steckert AV, Resende WR, Dal-Pont GC, Lopes-Borges J, Amboni RT, Bianchini G, Quevedo J. The effects of n-acetylcysteine and/or deferoxamine on manic-like behavior and brain oxidative damage in mice submitted to the paradoxal sleep deprivation model of mania. J Psychiatr Res 2015; 65:71-9. [PMID: 25937502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe psychiatric disorder associated with social and functional impairment. Some studies have strongly suggested the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of BD. Paradoxal sleep deprivation (PSD) in mice has been considered a good animal model of mania because it induces similar manic-like behavior, as well as producing the neurochemical alterations which have been observed in bipolar patients. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the antioxidant agent's n-acetylcysteine (Nac) and/or deferoxamine (DFX) on behavior and the oxidative stress parameters in the brains of mice submitted to the animal model of mania induced by PSD. The mice were treated for a period of seven days with saline solution (SAL), Nac, DFX or Nac plus DFX. The animals were subject to the PSD protocol for 36 h. Locomotor activity was then evaluated using the open-field test, and the oxidative stress parameters were subsequently evaluated in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of mice. The results showed PSD induced hyperactivity in mice, which is considered a manic-like behavior. In addition to this, PSD increased lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage to proteins, as well as causing alterations to antioxidant enzymes in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of mice. The Nac plus DFX adjunctive treatment prevented both the manic-like behavior and oxidative damage induced by PSD. Improving our understanding relating to oxidative damage in biomolecules, and the antioxidant mechanisms presented in the animal models of mania are important in helping to improve our knowledge concerning the pathophysiology and development of new therapeutical treatments for BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila O Arent
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806000, Brazil.
| | - Samira S Valvassori
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806000, Brazil
| | - Amanda V Steckert
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806000, Brazil
| | - Wilson R Resende
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806000, Brazil
| | - Gustavo C Dal-Pont
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806000, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Lopes-Borges
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806000, Brazil
| | - Rafaela T Amboni
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806000, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Bianchini
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806000, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806000, Brazil; Center for Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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110
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Sleep deprivation and oxidative stress in animal models: a systematic review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:234952. [PMID: 25945148 PMCID: PMC4402503 DOI: 10.1155/2015/234952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Because the function and mechanisms of sleep are partially clear, here we applied a meta-analysis to address the issue whether sleep function includes antioxidative properties in mice and rats. Given the expansion of the knowledge in the sleep field, it is indeed ambitious to describe all mammals, or other animals, in which sleep shows an antioxidant function. However, in this paper we reviewed the current understanding from basic studies in two species to drive the hypothesis that sleep is a dynamic-resting state with antioxidative properties. We performed a systematic review of articles cited in Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science until March 2015 using the following search terms: Sleep or sleep deprivation and oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, glutathione, nitric oxide, catalase or superoxide dismutase. We found a total of 266 studies. After inclusion and exclusion criteria, 44 articles were included, which are presented and discussed in this study. The complex relationship between sleep duration and oxidative stress is discussed. Further studies should consider molecular and genetic approaches to determine whether disrupted sleep promotes oxidative stress.
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111
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Nuseir KQ, Alzoubi KH, Alabwaini J, Khabour OF, Kassab MI. Sucrose-induced analgesia during early life modulates adulthood learning and memory formation. Physiol Behav 2015; 145:84-90. [PMID: 25846434 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study is aimed at examining the long-term effects of chronic pain during early life (postnatal day 0 to 8weeks), and intervention using sucrose, on cognitive functions during adulthood in rats. Pain was induced in rat pups via needle pricks of the paws. Sucrose solution or paracetamol was administered for analgesia before the paw prick. Control groups include tactile stimulation to account for handling and touching the paws, and sucrose alone was used. All treatments were started on day one of birth and continued for 8weeks. At the end of the treatments, behavioral studies were conducted to test the spatial learning and memory using radial arm water maze (RAWM), as well as pain threshold via foot-withdrawal response to a hot plate apparatus. Additionally, the hippocampus was dissected, and blood was collected. Levels of neurotrophins (BDNF, IGF-1 and NT-3) and endorphins were assessed using ELISA. The results show that chronic noxious stimulation resulted in comparable foot-withdrawal latency between noxious and tactile groups. On the other hand, pretreatment with sucrose or paracetamol increased pain threshold significantly both in naive rats and noxiously stimulated rats (P<0.05). Chronic pain during early life impaired short-term memory, and sucrose treatment prevented such impairment (P<0.05). Sucrose significantly increased serum levels of endorphin and enkephalin. Chronic pain decreased levels of BDNF in the hippocampus and this decrease was prevented by sucrose and paracetamol treatments. Hippocampal levels of NT-3 and IGF-1 were not affected by any treatment. In conclusion, chronic pain induction during early life induced short memory impairment, and pretreatment with sucrose prevented this impairment via mechanisms that seem to involve BDNF. As evident in the results, sucrose, whether alone or in the presence of pre-noxious stimulation, increases pain threshold in such circumstances; most likely via a mechanism that involves an increase in endogenous opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawla Q Nuseir
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Jehad Alabwaini
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Omar F Khabour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tibah University, Al Madinah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Manal I Kassab
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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112
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Exploring the effect of vitamin C on sleep deprivation induced memory impairment. Brain Res Bull 2015; 113:41-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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113
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Khodamoradi N, Komaki A, Salehi I, Shahidi S, Sarihi A. Effect of vitamin E on lead exposure-induced learning and memory impairment in rats. Physiol Behav 2015; 144:90-4. [PMID: 25777497 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lead (Pb(2+)) exposure has been associated with learning and memory impairments, whereas vitamin E improves cognitive deficits. In this study, using a passive avoidance learning model in rats, we investigated the effects of vitamin E on Pb(2+) exposure-induced learning and memory impairments in rats. In the present study, 56 Wistar male rats (weighting 230-250g) were divided into eight groups (n=7). The Pb(2+) exposure involved gavages of lead acetate solution using three different doses (0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2%) and the vitamin E consisted of three different doses (10, 25, 50μg/rat) for 30days. After the 30-day period, the rats were tested using a passive avoidance task (acquisition test). In a retrieval test conducted 48h after the training, step through latency (STL) and time in the dark compartment (TDC) were recorded. The statistical analysis of data was performed using ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc analysis. In all cases, differences were considered significant if p<0.05. The results of the present study showed that chronic exposure to high doses of Pb(2+) significantly increased both the number of trails required for learning and the TDC, whereas it decreased the STL in the passive avoidance test. Administration of vitamin E ameliorated the effects of Pb(2+) on animal behavior in the passive avoidance learning and memory task. Our results indicate that impairments of learning and memory in Pb(2+)-exposed rats are dose dependent and can be inhibited by antioxidants such as vitamin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Khodamoradi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University of Hamadan, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Iraj Salehi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Siamak Shahidi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abdolrahman Sarihi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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114
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Tang J, Yuan Y, Wei C, Liao X, Yuan J, Nanberg E, Zhang Y, Bornehag CG, Yang X. Neurobehavioral changes induced by di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and the protective effects of vitamin E in Kunming mice. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00250d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer commonly used in PVC that may leach into the environment, and has been shown to adversely affect the health of humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Tang
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology
- College of Life Science
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan
| | - Ye Yuan
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology
- College of Life Science
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan
| | - Chenxi Wei
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology
- College of Life Science
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan
| | - Xiaomei Liao
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology
- College of Life Science
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan
| | - Junlin Yuan
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology
- College of Life Science
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan
| | - Eewa Nanberg
- Department of Health Sciences
- Karlstad University
- SE-651 88 Karlstad
- Sweden
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Building Science
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
| | | | - Xu Yang
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology
- College of Life Science
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan
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115
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Engle-Friedman M. The effects of sleep loss on capacity and effort. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:213-24. [PMID: 26483932 PMCID: PMC4608917 DOI: 10.1016/j.slsci.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sleep loss appears to affect the capacity for performance and access to energetic resources. This paper reviews research examining the physical substrates referred to as resource capacity, the role of sleep in protecting that capacity and the reaction of the system as it attempts to respond with effort to overcome the limitations on capacity caused by sleep loss. Effort is the extent to which an organism will exert itself beyond basic levels of functioning or attempt alternative strategies to maintain performance. The purpose of this review is to bring together research across sleep disciplines to clarify the substrates that constitute and influence capacity for performance, consider how the loss of sleep influences access to those resources, examine cortical, physiological, perceptual, behavioral and subjective effort responses and consider how these responses reflect a system reacting to changes in the resource environment. When sleep deprived, the ability to perform tasks that require additional energy is impaired and the ability of the system to overcome the deficiencies caused by sleep loss is limited. Taking on tasks that require effort including school work, meal preparation, pulling off the road to nap when driving drowsy appear to be more challenging during sleep loss. Sleep loss impacts the effort-related choices we make and those choices may influence our health and safety.
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116
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Traumatic stress, oxidative stress and post-traumatic stress disorder: neurodegeneration and the accelerated-aging hypothesis. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:1156-62. [PMID: 25245500 PMCID: PMC4211971 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with elevated risk for a variety of age-related diseases and neurodegeneration. In this paper, we review evidence relevant to the hypothesis that chronic PTSD constitutes a form of persistent life stress that potentiates oxidative stress (OXS) and accelerates cellular aging. We provide an overview of empirical studies that have examined the effects of psychological stress on OXS, discuss the stress-perpetuating characteristics of PTSD, and then identify mechanisms by which PTSD might promote OXS and accelerated aging. We review studies on OXS-related genes and the role that they may have in moderating the effects of PTSD on neural integrity and conclude with a discussion of directions for future research on antioxidant treatments and biomarkers of accelerated aging in PTSD.
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Mejia-Carmona GE, Gosselink KL, de la Rosa LA, Pérez-Ishiwara G, Martínez-Martínez A. Evaluation of antioxidant enzymes in response to predator odor stress in prefrontal cortex and amygdala. NEUROCHEM J+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s181971241402007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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118
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Memantine prevents reference and working memory impairment caused by sleep deprivation in both young and aged Octodon degus. Neuropharmacology 2014; 85:206-14. [PMID: 24878242 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Memory loss is one of the key features of cognitive impairment in either aging, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or dementia. Pharmacological treatments for memory loss are today focused on addressing symptomatology. One of these approved compounds is memantine, a partial NMDA receptor antagonist that has proved its beneficial effects in cognition. The Octodon degus (O. degus) has been recently proposed as a potential model relevant for neurodegenerative diseases. However, there are no previous studies investigating the effect of pharmacological treatments for age-related cognitive impairment in this rodent. In this work we aimed to evaluate the effect of memantine on sleep deprivation (SD)-induced memory impairment in young and old O. degus. Young and old animals were trained in different behavioral paradigms validated for memory evaluation, and randomly assigned to a control (CTL, n=14) or an SD (n=14) condition, and treated with vehicle or memantine (10-mg/Kg i.p.) before the SD started. We demonstrate that SD impairs memory in both young and old animals, although the effect in the old group was significantly more severe (P<0.05). Memantine pretreatment was able to prevent the cognitive impairment caused by SD in both age groups, while it had no negative effect on CTL animals. The positive effect of memantine in counteracting the negative effect of SD on the retrieval process even in the aged O. degus further supports the translational potential of both the challenge and the species, and will enable a better understanding of the behavioral features of memantine effects, especially related with reference and working memories.
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Khabour OF, Alawneh K, Al-Kofahi E, Mesmar F. Assessment of genotoxicity associated with Behcet's disease using sister-chromatid exchange assay: vitamin E versus mitomycin C. Cytotechnology 2014; 67:1051-7. [PMID: 24852698 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9744-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Behcet's disease (BD) is a multisystemic chronic inflammatory disorder that presents throughout the world with high frequency in Turkey and Middle East. BD has been shown to be associated with genotoxicity as patients with the disease have demonstrated high rates of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and oxidative DNA damage. In this study, we examined the effect of vitamin E, which is known for its strong antioxidant activity, on the rate of SCE in cultured lymphocytes obtained from BD patients. In addition, the susceptibility of patient lymphocytes to the mutagenic agent mitomycin C (MMC) was also investigated. The results showed significant elevation in the rate of SCE in lymphocytes obtained from patients compared to those from healthy subjects (P < 0.01). Treatment with vitamin E normalized the elevated rate of SCE to a comparable level observed in the control group (P < 0.01). Finally, treatment of cultures with MMC significantly increased the rate of SCE in the lymphocytes of both patients and controls (P < 0.001). The magnitude of change in the rate of SCE induced by MMC was equivalent in both groups. This result suggests similar sensitivity of BD lymphocytes and control ones to MMC. In conclusion, genotoxicity associated with BD can be overcome by treatment with vitamin E. Lymphocytes of BD have normal sensitivity to the mutagenic agent MMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar F Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Khaldon Alawneh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Etizaz Al-Kofahi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Fahmee Mesmar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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Alzoubi KH, Khabour OF, Al-Azzam SI, Tashtoush MH, Mhaidat NM. Metformin Eased Cognitive Impairment Induced by Chronic L-methionine Administration: Potential Role of Oxidative Stress. Curr Neuropharmacol 2014; 12:186-92. [PMID: 24669211 PMCID: PMC3964748 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x11666131120223201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic administration of L-methionine leads to memory impairment, which is attributed to increase in the level of oxidative stress in the brain. On the other hand, metformin is a commonly used antidiabetic drug with strong antioxidant properties. In the current study, we tested if chronic metformin administration prevents memory impairment induced by administration of L-methionine. In addition, a number of molecules related to the action of metformin on cognitive functions were examined. Both metformin and L-methionine were administered to animals by oral gavage. Testing of spatial learning and memory was carried out using radial arm water maze (RAWM). Additionally, hippocampal levels or activities of catalase, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and GSH/GSSG ratio were determined. Results showed that chronic L-methionine administration resulted in both short- and long- term memory impairment, whereas metformin treatment prevented such effect. Additionally, L-methionine treatment induced significant elevation in GSSG and TBARs, along with reduction in GSH/GSSG ratio and activities of catalase, and GPx. These effects were shown to be restored by metformin treatment. In conclusion, L-methionine induced memory impairment, and treatment with metformin prevented this impairment probably by normalizing oxidative stress in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Omar F Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sayer I Al-Azzam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Murad H Tashtoush
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nizar M Mhaidat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Picchioni D, Reith RM, Nadel JL, Smith CB. Sleep, plasticity and the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders: the potential roles of protein synthesis and other cellular processes. Brain Sci 2014; 4:150-201. [PMID: 24839550 PMCID: PMC4020186 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci4010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is important for neural plasticity, and plasticity underlies sleep-dependent memory consolidation. It is widely appreciated that protein synthesis plays an essential role in neural plasticity. Studies of sleep-dependent memory and sleep-dependent plasticity have begun to examine alterations in these functions in populations with neurological and psychiatric disorders. Such an approach acknowledges that disordered sleep may have functional consequences during wakefulness. Although neurodevelopmental disorders are not considered to be sleep disorders per se, recent data has revealed that sleep abnormalities are among the most prevalent and common symptoms and may contribute to the progression of these disorders. The main goal of this review is to highlight the role of disordered sleep in the pathology of neurodevelopmental disorders and to examine some potential mechanisms by which sleep-dependent plasticity may be altered. We will also briefly attempt to extend the same logic to the other end of the developmental spectrum and describe a potential role of disordered sleep in the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. We conclude by discussing ongoing studies that might provide a more integrative approach to the study of sleep, plasticity, and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dante Picchioni
- Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; E-Mail:
- Advanced MRI Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Section on Neuroadaptation and Protein Metabolism, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; E-Mails: (R.M.R.); (J.L.N.)
| | - R. Michelle Reith
- Section on Neuroadaptation and Protein Metabolism, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; E-Mails: (R.M.R.); (J.L.N.)
| | - Jeffrey L. Nadel
- Section on Neuroadaptation and Protein Metabolism, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; E-Mails: (R.M.R.); (J.L.N.)
| | - Carolyn B. Smith
- Section on Neuroadaptation and Protein Metabolism, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; E-Mails: (R.M.R.); (J.L.N.)
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122
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Piromelatine, a novel melatonin receptor agonist, stabilizes metabolic profiles and ameliorates insulin resistance in chronic sleep restricted rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 727:60-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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123
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Colavito V, Fabene PF, Grassi-Zucconi G, Pifferi F, Lamberty Y, Bentivoglio M, Bertini G. Experimental sleep deprivation as a tool to test memory deficits in rodents. Front Syst Neurosci 2013; 7:106. [PMID: 24379759 PMCID: PMC3861693 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2013.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Paradigms of sleep deprivation (SD) and memory testing in rodents (laboratory rats and mice) are here reviewed. The vast majority of these studies have been aimed at understanding the contribution of sleep to cognition, and in particular to memory. Relatively little attention, instead, has been devoted to SD as a challenge to induce a transient memory impairment, and therefore as a tool to test cognitive enhancers in drug discovery. Studies that have accurately described methodological aspects of the SD protocol are first reviewed, followed by procedures to investigate SD-induced impairment of learning and memory consolidation in order to propose SD protocols that could be employed as cognitive challenge. Thus, a platform of knowledge is provided for laboratory protocols that could be used to assess the efficacy of drugs designed to improve memory performance in rodents, including rodent models of neurodegenerative diseases that cause cognitive deficits, and Alzheimer's disease in particular. Issues in the interpretation of such preclinical data and their predictive value for clinical translation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Colavito
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo F Fabene
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona Verona, Italy
| | | | - Fabien Pifferi
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, UMR 7179 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Brunoy, France
| | - Yves Lamberty
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, UCB Pharma s.a. Braine l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Marina Bentivoglio
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bertini
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona Verona, Italy
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Patki G, Solanki N, Atrooz F, Allam F, Salim S. Depression, anxiety-like behavior and memory impairment are associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation in a rat model of social stress. Brain Res 2013; 1539:73-86. [PMID: 24096214 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we have examined the behavioral and biochemical effect of induction of psychological stress using a modified version of the resident-intruder model for social stress (social defeat). At the end of the social defeat protocol, body weights, food and water intake were recorded, depression and anxiety-like behaviors as well as memory function was examined. Biochemical analysis including oxidative stress measurement, inflammatory markers and other molecular parameters, critical to behavioral effects were examined. We observed a significant decrease in the body weight in the socially defeated rats as compared to the controls. Furthermore, social defeat increased anxiety-like behavior and caused memory impairment in rats (P<0.05). Socially defeated rats made significantly more errors in long term memory tests (P<0.05) as compared to control rats. Furthermore, brain extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2), and an inflammatory marker, interleukin (IL)-6 were activated (P<0.05), while the protein levels of glyoxalase (GLO)-1, glutathione reductase (GSR)-1, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type (CAMK)-IV, cAMP-response-element-binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were significantly less (P<0.05) in the hippocampus, but not in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala of socially defeated rats, when compared to control rats. We suggest that social defeat stress alters ERK1/2, IL-6, GLO1, GSR1, CAMKIV, CREB, and BDNF levels in specific brain areas, leading to oxidative stress-induced anxiety-depression-like behaviors and as well as memory impairment in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Patki
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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125
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Jiang B, Ding C, Yao G, Yao C, Zhang Y, Ge J, Qiu E, Elia M, Ferri R. Polysomnographic abnormalities in patients with vascular cognitive impairment-no dementia. Sleep Med 2013; 14:1071-5. [PMID: 24051120 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate subjective sleep quality and polysomnographic sleep structure features in patients with vascular cognitive impairment-no dementia (VCIND). METHODS Fifty-six patients with VCIND, 48 patients with simple stroke (without cognitive impairment), and 48 control subjects were included. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and polysomnography (PSG) were used to analyze their sleep characteristics. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was conducted to assess mental state. RESULTS Patients with VCIND had higher PSQI scores compared with control subjects and simple stroke patients (P<.01). PSG revealed that patients with VCIND or stroke were more likely to experience prolonged sleep latency (SL), decreased sleep efficiency (SE), increased arousal, and reduced deep sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep than controls. Patients with VCIND had significantly longer SL, increased periodic leg movements in sleep (PLMS), decreased SE, and increased arousal and sleep fragmentation compared to patients with simple stroke (P<.05). In VCIND patients, a significant positive correlation was found between SE and MoCA scores (r=0.632; P<.001), though PSQI, SL, and arousal index were significantly negatively associated with MoCA scores (r=-0.787, -0.740, -0.772, respectively; P<.001 for all). CONCLUSIONS VCIND patients had different abnormal sleep features, including decreased SE, increased PLMS, and prolonged SL and sleep fragmentation. Abnormal sleep in VCIND may be associated with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
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126
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Alpha-tocopherol in the brain tissue preservation of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Physiol Biochem 2013; 70:49-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-013-0279-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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127
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Zhang L, Zhang HQ, Liang XY, Zhang HF, Zhang T, Liu FE. Melatonin ameliorates cognitive impairment induced by sleep deprivation in rats: role of oxidative stress, BDNF and CaMKII. Behav Brain Res 2013; 256:72-81. [PMID: 23933144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) has been shown to induce oxidative stress which causes cognitive impairment. Melatonin, an endogenous potent antioxidant, protects neurons from oxidative stress in many disease models. The present study investigated the effect of melatonin against SD-induced cognitive impairment and attempted to define the possible mechanisms involved. SD was induced in rats using modified multiple platform model. Melatonin (15 mg/kg) was administered to the rats via intraperitoneal injection. The open field test and Morris water maze were used to evaluate cognitive ability. The cerebral cortex (CC) and hippocampus were dissected and homogenized. Nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity of hippocampal and cortical tissues (10% wet weight per volume) were performed to determine the level of oxidative stress. The expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and calcium-calmodulin dependent kinase II (CaMKII) proteins in CC and hippocampus was assayed by means of immunohistochemistry. The results revealed that SD impairs cognitive ability, while melatonin treatment prevented these changes. In addition, melatonin reversed SD-induced changes in NO, MDA and SOD in both of the CC and hippocampus. The results of immunoreactivity showed that SD decreased gray values of BDNF and CaMKII in CC and hippocamal CA1, CA3 and dentate gyrus regions, whereas melatonin improved the gray values. In conclusion, our results suggest that melatonin prevents cognitive impairment induced by SD. The possible mechanism may be attributed to its ability to reduce oxidative stress and increase the levels of CaMKII and BDNF in CC and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Experiment Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710033 Shan Xi Province, China; Department of General Surgery, 406 Hospital, Da Lian, 116041 Liao Ning Province, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710033 Shan Xi Province, China
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128
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Alzoubi KH, Khabour OF, Alhaidar IA, Aleisa AM, Alkadhi KA. Diabetes Impairs Synaptic Plasticity in the Superior Cervical Ganglion: Possible Role for BDNF and Oxidative Stress. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 51:763-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-0061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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129
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Alzoubi KH, Khabour OF, Salah HA, Hasan Z. Vitamin E prevents high-fat high-carbohydrates diet-induced memory impairment: The role of oxidative stress. Physiol Behav 2013; 119:72-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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130
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Role of α7- and α4β2-nAChRs in the neuroprotective effect of nicotine in stress-induced impairment of hippocampus-dependent memory. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 16:1105-13. [PMID: 23067572 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145712001046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that nicotine prevents stress-induced memory impairment. In this study, we have investigated the role of α7- and α4β2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the protective effect of nicotine during chronic stress conditions. Chronic psychosocial stress was induced using a form of rat intruder model. During stress, specific antagonist for either α7-nAChRs [methyllycaconitine (MLA)] or α4β2-nAChRs [dihydro-β-erythroidine (DHβE)] was infused into the hippocampus using a 4-wk osmotic pump at a rate of 82 μg/side.d and 41 μg/side.d, respectively. Three weeks after the start of infusion, all rats were subjected to a series of cognitive tests in the radial arm water maze (RAWM) for six consecutive days or until the animal reached days to criterion (DTC) in the fourth acquisition trial and in all memory tests. DTC is defined as the number of days the animal takes to make no more than one error in three consecutive days. In the short-term memory test, MLA-infused stressed/nicotine-treated rats made similar errors to those of stress and significantly more errors compared to those of stress/nicotine, nicotine or control groups. This finding was supported by the DTC values for the short memory tests. Thus, MLA treatment blocked the neuroprotective effect of nicotine during chronic stress. In contrast, DHβE infusion did not affect the RAWM performance of stress/nicotine animals. These results strongly suggest the involvement of α7-nAChRs, but not α4β2-nAChRs, in the neuroprotective effect of chronic nicotine treatment during chronic stress conditions.
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131
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Tarragon E, Lopez D, Estrada C, Ana GC, Schenker E, Pifferi F, Bordet R, Richardson JC, Herrero MT. Octodon degus: a model for the cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2013; 19:643-8. [PMID: 23710760 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Octodon degus (O. degus) is a diurnal rodent that spontaneously develops several physiopathological conditions, analogous in many cases to those experienced by humans. In light of this, O. degus has recently been identified as a very valuable animal model for research in several medical fields, especially those concerned with neurodegenerative diseases in which risk is associated with aging. Octodon degus spontaneously develops β-amyloid deposits analogous to those observed in some cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Moreover, these deposits are thought to be the key feature for AD diagnosis, and one of the suggested causes of cell loss and cognitive deficit. This review aims to bring together information to support O. degus as a valuable model for the study of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Tarragon
- Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), School of Health Sciences (Medicine), University Jaume I of Castellon, Castellon de la Plana, Spain
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132
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Alzoubi KH, Khabour OF, Tashtoush NH, Al-Azzam SI, Mhaidat NM. Evaluation of the effect of pentoxifylline on sleep-deprivation induced memory impairment. Hippocampus 2013; 23:812-9. [PMID: 23592546 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the ability of Pentoxifylline (PTX) to prevent sleep deprivation induced memory impairment probably through decreasing oxidative stress. Sleep deprivation was chronically induced 8 h/day for 6 weeks in rats using modified multiple platform model. Concurrently, PTX (100 mg/kg) was administered to animals on daily basis. After 6 weeks of treatment, behavioral studies were conducted to test the spatial learning and memory using the Radial Arm Water Maze. Additionally, the hippocampus was dissected; and levels/activities of antioxidant defense biomarkers glutathione reduced (GSH), glutathione oxidized (GSSG), GSH/GSSG ratio, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were assessed. The results show that chronic sleep deprivation impaired short- and long-term memories, which was prevented by chronic treatment with PTX. Additionally, PTX normalized sleep deprivation-induced reduction in the hippocampus GSH/GSSG ratio (P < 0.05), and activities of GPx, catalase, and SOD (P < 0.05). In conclusion, chronic sleep deprivation induces memory impairment, and treatment with PTX prevented this impairment probably through normalizing antioxidant mechanisms in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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133
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Schiavone S, Jaquet V, Trabace L, Krause KH. Severe life stress and oxidative stress in the brain: from animal models to human pathology. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:1475-90. [PMID: 22746161 PMCID: PMC3603496 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Severe life stress (SLS), as opposed to trivial everyday stress, is defined as a serious psychosocial event with the potential of causing an impacting psychological traumatism. RECENT ADVANCES Numerous studies have attempted to understand how the central nervous system (CNS) responds to SLS. This response includes a variety of morphological and neurochemical modifications; among them, oxidative stress is almost invariably observed. Oxidative stress is defined as disequilibrium between oxidant generation and the antioxidant response. CRITICAL ISSUES In this review, we discuss how SLS leads to oxidative stress in the CNS, and how the latter impacts pathophysiological outcomes. We also critically discuss experimental methods that measure oxidative stress in the CNS. The review covers animal models and human observations. Animal models of SLS include sleep deprivation, maternal separation, and social isolation in rodents, and the establishment of hierarchy in non-human primates. In humans, SLS, which is caused by traumatic events such as child abuse, war, and divorce, is also accompanied by oxidative stress in the CNS. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The outcome of SLS in humans ranges from resilience, over post-traumatic stress disorder, to development of chronic mental disorders. Defining the sources of oxidative stress in SLS might in the long run provide new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Schiavone
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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134
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Khabour OF, Alzoubi KH, Bani-Ahmad M, Dodin A, Eissenberg T, Shihadeh A. Acute exposure to waterpipe tobacco smoke induces changes in the oxidative and inflammatory markers in mouse lung. Inhal Toxicol 2013; 24:667-75. [PMID: 22906173 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2012.710918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Tobacco smoking represents a global public health threat, claiming approximately 5 million lives a year. Waterpipe tobacco use has become popular particularly among youth in the past decade, buttressed by the perception that the waterpipe "filters" the smoke, rendering it less harmful than cigarette smoke. OBJECTIVE In this study, we examined the acute exposure of waterpipe smoking on lung inflammation and oxidative stress in mice, and compared that to cigarette smoking. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were divided into three groups; fresh air control, cigarette and waterpipe. Animals were exposed to fresh air, cigarette, or waterpipe smoke using whole body exposure system one hour daily for 7 days. RESULTS Both cigarette and waterpipe smoke exposure resulted in elevation of total white blood cell count, as well as absolute count of neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes (P < 0.01). Both exposures also elevated proinflammatory markers such as TNF-α and IL-6 in BALF (P < 0.05), and oxidative stress markers including GPx activity in lungs (P < 0.05). Moreover, waterpipe smoke increased catalase activity in the lung (P < 0.05). However, none of the treatments altered IL-10 levels. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Results of cigarette smoking confirmed previous finding. Waterpipe results indicate that, similar to cigarettes, exposure to waterpipe tobacco smoke is harmful to the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar F Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
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Alzoubi K, Abdul-Razzak K, Khabour O, Al-Tuweiq G, Alzubi M, Alkadhi K. Caffeine prevents cognitive impairment induced by chronic psychosocial stress and/or high fat–high carbohydrate diet. Behav Brain Res 2013; 237:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Farina N, Isaac MGEKN, Clark AR, Rusted J, Tabet N. Vitamin E for Alzheimer's dementia and mild cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 11:CD002854. [PMID: 23152215 PMCID: PMC6464798 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd002854.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin E is a dietary compound that functions as an antioxidant scavenging toxic free radicals. Evidence that free radicals may contribute to the pathological processes of cognitive impairment including Alzheimer's disease has led to interest in the use of vitamin E in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's dementia (AD). OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy of vitamin E in the treatment of AD and prevention of progression of MCI to dementia. SEARCH METHODS The Specialized Register of the Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group (ALOIS), The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, LILACS as well as many trials databases and grey literature sources were searched on 25 June 2012 using the terms: "Vitamin E", vitamin-E, alpha-tocopherol. SELECTION CRITERIA All unconfounded, double-blind, randomised trials in which treatment with vitamin E at any dose was compared with placebo for patients with AD and MCI. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently applied the selection criteria and assessed study quality and extracted and analysed the data. For each outcome measure data were sought on every patient randomised. Where such data were not available an analysis of patients who completed treatment was conducted. It was not possible to pool data between studies owing to a lack of comparable outcome measure. MAIN RESULTS Only three studies met the inclusion criteria: two in an AD population and one in an MCI population. In the first of the AD studies (Sano 1996) the authors reported some benefit from vitamin E (2000 IU/day) with fewer participants reaching an end point of death, institutionalisation, change to a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) of three, or loss of two basic activities of daily living within two years. Of patients completing treatment, 58% (45/77) on vitamin E compared with 74% (58/78) on placebo reached one of the end points (odds ratio (OR) 0.49; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25 to 0.96). The second AD treatment study (Lloret 2009) explored the effects of vitamin E (800 IU/day) on cognitive progression in relation to oxidative stress levels. Patients whose oxidative stress markers were lowered by vitamin E showed no significant difference in the percentage change in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, between baseline and six months, compared to the placebo group. The primary aim of the MCI study (Petersen 2005) was to investigate the effect of vitamin E (2000 IU/day) on the time to progression from MCI to possible or probable AD. A total of 214 of the 769 participants progressed to dementia, with 212 being classified as having possible or probable AD. There was no significant difference in the probability of progression from MCI to AD between the vitamin E group and the placebo group (hazard ratio 1.02; 95% CI 0.74 to 1.41; P = 0.91). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS No convincing evidence that vitamin E is of benefit in the treatment of AD or MCI. Future trials assessing vitamin E treatment in AD should not be restricted to alpha-tocopherol.
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Khabour OF, Alzoubi KH, Alomari MA, Alzubi MA. Changes in spatial memory and BDNF expression to simultaneous dietary restriction and forced exercise. Brain Res Bull 2012; 90:19-24. [PMID: 23000024 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous literature suggests that learning and memory formation can be influenced by diet and exercise. In the current study, we investigated the combined effects of forced swimming exercise (FSE) and every other day fasting (EODF) on spatial memory formation and on the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus of Wistar male rats. The radial arm water maze (RAWM) paradigm was used to assess changes in learning and memory formation, whereas ELISA assay was used to measure BDNF protein levels. The FSE and/or EODF were simultaneously instituted for 6 weeks. Results show that FSE improved learning, short-term as well as long-term memory formation, and significantly increased BDNF protein in the hippocampus (p<0.05). However, EODF had no effect on either spatial learning and memory formation or the levels of hippocamapal BDNF protein (p>0.05). In addition, EODF did not modulate beneficial effect of swimming exercise on cognitive function (p>0.05). Thus exercise enhanced, while EODF did not affect spatial learning and memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar F Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
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Alzoubi KH, Khabour OF, Salah HA, Abu Rashid BE. The Combined Effect of Sleep Deprivation and Western Diet on Spatial Learning and Memory: Role of BDNF and Oxidative Stress. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 50:124-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9881-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Li H, Liang C, Shen C, Li Y, Chen Q. Decreased sleep duration: a risk of progression of degenerative lumbar scoliosis. Med Hypotheses 2011; 78:244-6. [PMID: 22118954 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) is a spinal deformity that develops after skeletal maturity with a Cobb angle of more than 10° in the coronal plane. As the life expectancy of our population increases, DLS becomes a prevalent health issue affecting the quality of life of the elderly. The degree of the scoliosis curvature affects not only the symptoms but also the choice of treatments. Osteoporosis and intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) have been suggested as two important risks associated with the progression of DLS. Interestingly, recent data implicate interleukin-1 (IL-1) in the altered matrix biology that characterizes human IDD. Compelling evidence links decreased sleep duration to lower bone mineral density (BMD) and elevated expression of IL-1. Based on these evidences, we propose that decreased sleep duration might be a risk of the progression of DLS, and hypothesize that the underlying mechanisms might be the elevated excretion of glucocorticoids and elevated expression of IL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, PR China
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