101
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Boyce MW, Kenney RM, Truong AS, Lockett MR. Quantifying oxygen in paper-based cell cultures with luminescent thin film sensors. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:2985-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9189-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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102
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Yin T, Cai H, Liu J, Cui B, Wang L, Yin L, Zhou J, Huo M. Biological evaluation of PEG modified nanosuspensions based on human serum albumin for tumor targeted delivery of paclitaxel. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 83:79-87. [PMID: 26699227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Since its approval by the FDA, Abraxane™ has been established as a clinical standard of paclitaxel (PTX)-based therapy against a variety of cancers. Despite success, Abraxane™ is still limited by suboptimal biodistribution, unfavorable pharmacokinetics and chronic toxicities from chloroform used during preparation. Accordingly, a PTX-loaded nanosuspension based on human serum albumin (HSA) with PEG modifiers (PTX-PEG-HSA) has been developed to optimize the in-vivo biodistribution, pharmacokinetics and safety of PTX over traditional PTX-HSA nanosuspensions prepared using the accepted method for Abraxane™. Results of in-vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) studies indicated PTX-PEG-HSA achieved prolonged blood circulation, illustrated by an 8.8-fold and 4.8-fold increase in area-under-the-curve (AUC) of PTX over Taxol® and PTX-HSA, while the mean residence time (MRT) of PTX in PTX-PEG-HSA was increased by 3.2-fold and 1.5-fold, respectively. HSA mediated active targeting further suppressed non-specific distribution of PTX to normal tissues, which permitted enhanced antitumor efficacy in S180 mice over Taxol® and PTX-HSA. Safety of intravenously administered PTX-PEG-HSA was confirmed through lower hemolytic activity, a 2.2-fold and 1.2-fold increase in LD50 (113.4 mg/kg) over Taxol® and PTX-HSA alongside the absence of local venous irritation. Studies herein suggest the therapeutic and clinical applicability of PTX-PEG-HSA for tumor specific therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjie Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Han Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiyong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lifang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Meirong Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
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103
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Wang L, Xu C, Zhu Y, Yu Y, Sun N, Zhang X, Feng K, Qin J. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived beating cardiac tissues on paper. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:4283-4290. [PMID: 26430714 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00919g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in using paper as a biomaterial scaffold for cell-based applications. In this study, we made the first attempt to fabricate a paper-based array for the culture, proliferation, and direct differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into functional beating cardiac tissues and create "a beating heart on paper." This array was simply constructed by binding a cured multi-well polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mold with common, commercially available paper substrates. Three types of paper material (print paper, chromatography paper and nitrocellulose membrane) were tested for adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of human-derived iPSCs. We found that hiPSCs grew well on these paper substrates, presenting a three-dimensional (3D)-like morphology with a pluripotent property. The direct differentiation of human iPSCs into functional cardiac tissues on paper was also achieved using our modified differentiation approach. The cardiac tissue retained its functional activities on the coated print paper and chromatography paper with a beating frequency of 40-70 beats per min for up to three months. Interestingly, human iPSCs could be differentiated into retinal pigment epithelium on nitrocellulose membrane under the conditions of cardiac-specific induction, indicating the potential roles of material properties and mechanical cues that are involved in regulating stem cell differentiation. Taken together, these results suggest that different grades of paper could offer great opportunities as bioactive, low-cost, and 3D in vitro platforms for stem cell-based high-throughput drug testing at the tissue/organ level and for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian, China.
| | - Cong Xu
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian, China.
| | - Yujuan Zhu
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian, China.
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian, China.
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian, China.
| | - Ke Feng
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian, China.
| | - Jianhua Qin
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian, China.
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104
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Simon KA, Warren NJ, Mosadegh B, Mohammady MR, Whitesides GM, Armes SP. Disulfide-Based Diblock Copolymer Worm Gels: A Wholly-Synthetic Thermoreversible 3D Matrix for Sheet-Based Cultures. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:3952-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen A. Simon
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Nicholas J. Warren
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brookhill Sheffield S37H, United Kingdom
| | - Bobak Mosadegh
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Wyss
Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 60 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Marym R. Mohammady
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Wyss
Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 60 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - George M. Whitesides
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Wyss
Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 60 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brookhill Sheffield S37H, United Kingdom
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105
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Kenney RM, Boyce MW, Truong AS, Bagnell CR, Lockett MR. Real-time imaging of cancer cell chemotaxis in paper-based scaffolds. Analyst 2015; 141:661-8. [PMID: 26548584 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01787d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cellular migration is the movement of cells, cultured as a monolayer; cellular invasion is similar to migration, but requires the cells to move through a three-dimensional material such as basement membrane extract or a synthetic hydrogel. Migration assays, such as the transwell assay, are widely used to study cellular movement because they are amenable to high-throughput screens with minimal experimental setup. These assays offer limited information about cellular responses to gradients in vivo because they oversimplify the threedimensional (3D) environment of a tissue. There are a number of invasion assays that support 3D cultures, some of which provide experimental control over the spatial and temporal gradients imparted on the culture. These assays, in their current form, are difficult to setup and maintain, and often require specialized laboratory equipment or engineering expertise. Here we describe a paper-based invasion assay in which cellular movement can be monitored in real-time with fluorescence microscopy. These assays are easily prepared and utilize materials commonly found in any laboratory: a single sheet of paper. These sheets are wax patterned to contain channels in which cells suspended in a hydrogel are seeded and cultured. Cell-containing sheets of paper are placed in a custom-built holder that allows gradients to form along the length of the channels. In this work, we compare the invasion of cells cultured in the presence and absence of an oxygen gradient. Our result support previous findings that oxygen is a chemoattractant, and selectively directs cellular movement in a 3D culture environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M Kenney
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
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106
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Truong AS, Lochbaum CA, Boyce MW, Lockett MR. Tracking the Invasion of Small Numbers of Cells in Paper-Based Assays with Quantitative PCR. Anal Chem 2015; 87:11263-70. [PMID: 26507077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Paper-based scaffolds are an attractive material for culturing mammalian cells in a three-dimensional environment. There are a number of previously published studies, which utilize these scaffolds to generate models of aortic valves, cardiac ischemia and reperfusion, and solid tumors. These models have largely relied on fluorescence imaging and microscopy to quantify cells in the scaffolds. We present here a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method, capable of quantifying multiple cell types in a single culture with the aid of DNA barcodes: unique sequences of DNA introduced to the genome of individual cells or cell types through lentiviral transduction. PCR-based methods are highly specific and are amenable to high-throughput and multiplexed analyses. To validate this method, we engineered two different breast cancer lines to constitutively express either a green or red fluorescent protein. These cells lines allowed us to directly compare the ability of fluorescence imaging (of the fluorescent proteins) and qPCR (of the unique DNA sequences of the fluorescent proteins) to quantify known numbers of cells in the paper based-scaffolds. We also used both methods to quantify the distribution of these breast cell lines in homotypic and heterotypic invasion assays. In the paper-based invasion assays, a single sheet of paper containing cells suspended in a hydrogel was sandwiched between sheets of paper containing only hydrogel. The stack was incubated, and the cells invaded the adjacent layers. The individual sheets of the invasion assay were then destacked and the number of cells in each layer quantified. Our results show both methods can accurately detect cell populations of greater than 500 cells. The qPCR method can repeatedly and accurately detect as few as 50 cells, allowing small populations of highly invasive cells to be detected and differentiated from other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Truong
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Christian A Lochbaum
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Matthew W Boyce
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Matthew R Lockett
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , 450 West Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7295, United States
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107
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Ahmed S, Bui MPN, Abbas A. Paper-based chemical and biological sensors: Engineering aspects. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 77:249-63. [PMID: 26410389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Remarkable efforts have been dedicated to paper-based chemosensors and biosensors over the last few years, mainly driven by the promise of reaching the best trade-off between performance, affordability and simplicity. Because of the low-cost and rapid prototyping of these sensors, recent research has been focused on providing affordable diagnostic devices to the developing world. The recent progress in sensitivity, multi-functionality and integration of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs), increasingly suggests that this technology is not only attractive in resource-limited environments but it also represents a serious challenger to silicon, glass and polymer-based biosensors. This review discusses the design, chemistry and engineering aspects of these developments, with a focus on the past few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snober Ahmed
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Minh-Phuong Ngoc Bui
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Abdennour Abbas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, United States.
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108
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Choi G, Choi S. Monitoring electron and proton diffusion flux through three-dimensional, paper-based, variable biofilm and liquid media layers. Analyst 2015; 140:5901-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an01200g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
By measuring the current generated from the 3-D paper stack, the electron and proton diffusivity through biofilms were quantitatively investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gihoon Choi
- Bioelectronics & Microsystems Laboratory
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering
- State University of New York-Binghamton
- Binghamton
- USA
| | - Seokheun Choi
- Bioelectronics & Microsystems Laboratory
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering
- State University of New York-Binghamton
- Binghamton
- USA
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