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Wicklein B, Darder M, Aranda P, Ruiz-Hitzky E. Phospholipid-sepiolite biomimetic interfaces for the immobilization of enzymes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:4339-48. [PMID: 21970377 DOI: 10.1021/am201000k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic interfaces based on phosphatidylcholine (PC) assembled to the natural silicate sepiolite were prepared for the stable immobilization of the urease and cholesterol oxidase enzymes. This is an important issue in practical advanced applications such as biocatalysis or biosensing. The supported lipid bilayer (BL-PC), prepared from PC adsorption, was used for immobilization of enzymes and the resulting biomimetic systems were compared to several other supported layers including a lipid monolayer (ML-PC), a mixed phosphatidylcholine/octyl-galactoside layer (PC-OGal), a cetyltrimethylammonium monolayer (CTA), and also to the bare sepiolite surface. Interfacial characteristics of these layers were investigated with a focus on layer packing density, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, and surface charge, which are being considered as key points for enzyme immobilization and stabilization of their biological activity. Cytoplasmic urease and membrane-bound cholesterol oxidase, which served as model enzymes, were immobilized on the different PC-based hybrid materials to probe their biomimetic character. Enzymatic activity was assessed by cyclic voltammetry and UV-vis spectrophotometry. The resulting enzyme/bio-organoclay hybrids were applied as active phase of a voltammetric urea biosensor and cholesterol bioreactor, respectively. Urease supported on sepiolite/BL-PC proved to maintain its enzymatic activity over several months while immobilized cholesterol oxidase demonstrated high reusability as biocatalyst. The results emphasize the good preservation of bioactivity due to the accommodation of the enzymatic system within the biomimetic lipid interface on sepiolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Wicklein
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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102
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Lyklema J, Deschênes L. The first step in layer-by-layer deposition: electrostatics and/or non-electrostatics? Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 168:135-48. [PMID: 21545980 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A critical discussion is presented on the properties and prerequisites of adsorbed polyelectrolytes that have to function as substrates for further layer-by-layer deposition. The central theme is discriminating between the roles of electrostatic and non-electrostatic interactions. In order to emphasize this feature we refrain from discussing practical problems sometimes incurred in polyelectrolyte adsorption like freezing-in of non-equilibrium situations, patchwise attachment, unclear chemistry and only consider solid substrates. Although it is in principle ambiguous to discriminate between coulombic and non-coulombic or "chemical" interactions, it will be shown that, as a rule, non-coulombic contributions to the interactions cannot be neglected. They are responsible for the familiar overcharging. For obtaining more insight, it is recommended to consider electrometric techniques such as electrokinetics, conductometry and potentiometry, in combination with other analytical techniques applied to well-defined systems, for which various parameters can be modulated in a systematic way.
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103
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Vieira NC, Figueiredo A, de Queiroz AA, Zucolotto V, Guimarães FE. Self-assembled films of dendrimers and metallophthalocyanines as FET-based glucose biosensors. SENSORS 2011; 11:9442-9. [PMID: 22163704 PMCID: PMC3231248 DOI: 10.3390/s111009442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Separative extended gate field effect transistor (SEGFET) type devices have been used as an ion sensor or biosensor as an alternative to traditional ion sensitive field effect transistors (ISFETs) due to their robustness, ease of fabrication, low cost and possibility of FET isolation from the chemical environment. The layer-by-layer technique allows the combination of different materials with suitable properties for enzyme immobilization on simple platforms such as the extended gate of SEGFET devices enabling the fabrication of biosensors. Here, glucose biosensors based on dendrimers and metallophthalocyanines (MPcs) in the form of layer-by-layer (LbL) films, assembled on indium tin oxide (ITO) as separative extended gate material, has been produced. NH3+ groups in the dendrimer allow electrostatic interactions or covalent bonds with the enzyme (glucose oxidase). Relevant parameters such as optimum pH, buffer concentration and presence of serum bovine albumin (BSA) in the immobilization process were analyzed. The relationship between the output voltage and glucose concentration shows that upon detection of a specific analyte, the sub-products of the enzymatic reaction change the pH locally, affecting the output signal of the FET transducer. In addition, dendritic layers offer a nanoporous environment, which may be permeable to H+ ions, improving the sensibility as modified electrodes for glucose biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirton C.S. Vieira
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil; E-Mails: (A.F.); (V.Z.); (F.E.G.G)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +55-16-3373-9797; Fax: +55-16-3373-8085
| | - Alessandra Figueiredo
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil; E-Mails: (A.F.); (V.Z.); (F.E.G.G)
| | - Alvaro A.A. de Queiroz
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Itajubá, CP 50, Itajubá, MG 37500-903, Brazil; E-Mail:
| | - Valtencir Zucolotto
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil; E-Mails: (A.F.); (V.Z.); (F.E.G.G)
| | - Francisco E.G. Guimarães
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil; E-Mails: (A.F.); (V.Z.); (F.E.G.G)
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104
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Hammond PT. Engineering materials layer-by-layer: Challenges and opportunities in multilayer assembly. AIChE J 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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105
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Rodrigues RC, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Coupling Chemical Modification and Immobilization to Improve the Catalytic Performance of Enzymes. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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106
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Rosenfeld H, Peper S, Täffner T, Kötke M, Fonka M, Temme H, Niemeyer B. Effektive Stofftrennung in Gas- und Flüssigphase durch selektive Adsorption. CHEM-ING-TECH 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201000178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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107
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Enhancing the functional properties of thermophilic enzymes by chemical modification and immobilization. Enzyme Microb Technol 2011; 49:326-46. [PMID: 22112558 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The immobilization of proteins (mostly typically enzymes) onto solid supports is mature technology and has been used successfully to enhance biocatalytic processes in a wide range of industrial applications. However, continued developments in immobilization technology have led to more sophisticated and specialized applications of the process. A combination of targeted chemistries, for both the support and the protein, sometimes in combination with additional chemical and/or genetic engineering, has led to the development of methods for the modification of protein functional properties, for enhancing protein stability and for the recovery of specific proteins from complex mixtures. In particular, the development of effective methods for immobilizing large multi-subunit proteins with multiple covalent linkages (multi-point immobilization) has been effective in stabilizing proteins where subunit dissociation is the initial step in enzyme inactivation. In some instances, multiple benefits are achievable in a single process. Here we comprehensively review the literature pertaining to immobilization and chemical modification of different enzyme classes from thermophiles, with emphasis on the chemistries involved and their implications for modification of the enzyme functional properties. We also highlight the potential for synergies in the combined use of immobilization and other chemical modifications.
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108
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Carbon nanotubes/pentacyaneferrate-modified chitosan nanocomposites platforms for reagentless glucose biosensing. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:883-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5128-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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109
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Valdastri P, Susilo E, Forster T, Strohhofer C, Menciassi A, Dario P. Wireless Implantable Electronic Platform for Chronic Fluorescent-Based Biosensors. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2011; 58:1846-54. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2011.2123098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Paolo Dario
- BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Italy
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110
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Ghasemi-Varnamkhasti M, Mohtasebi S, Rodríguez-Méndez M, Siadat M, Ahmadi H, Razavi S. Electronic and bioelectronic tongues, two promising analytical tools for the quality evaluation of non alcoholic beer. Trends Food Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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111
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Sung D, Shin DH, Jon S. Toward immunoassay chips: Facile immobilization of antibodies on cyclic olefin copolymer substrates through pre-activated polymer adlayers. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:3967-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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112
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Li M, Ishihara S, Akada M, Liao M, Sang L, Hill JP, Krishnan V, Ma Y, Ariga K. Electrochemical-Coupling Layer-by-Layer (ECC–LbL) Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:7348-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ja202768k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mao Li
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ishihara
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Misaho Akada
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Meiyong Liao
- Sensor Materials Center, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Liwen Sang
- Sensor Materials Center, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jonathan P. Hill
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Venkata Krishnan
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yuguang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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113
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Kang J, Dähne L. Strong response of multilayer polyelectrolyte films to cationic surfactants. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:4627-34. [PMID: 21413752 DOI: 10.1021/la104610a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The influence of common cationic surfactants on the physical properties of differently composed polyelectrolyte films prepared by the layer-by-layer (LbL) technology was investigated. Free-standing polyelectrolyte films as microcapsules showed a fast, strong response to the addition of less than 1 mM cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CeTAB). As a function of the polyelectrolyte composition, the behavior of the capsules varied from negligible changes to complete disintegration via strong swelling. The response of microcapsules consisting of (poly(allylamine hydrochloride)(PAH)/poly(styrene sulfonate)(PSS))(4) was associated with a 5-fold volume increase, a fast switch of permeability, and in the case of fluorescently labeled films a 4-fold increase in fluorescence intensity. The kinetics and strengths of the interaction process were investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and fluorescence spectroscopy. Also, the relative stabilities of the polycation/polyanion and surfactant/polyanion complexes were determined. A mechanism was suggested to explain the interactions between the cationic surfactants and polyelectrolyte capsules. The strong response can be exploited in potential applications such as the triggered release of drugs or other encapsulated materials, the fluorescence-based detection of cationic detergents, and a switchable stopper in microchannels. However, the high sensitivity of LbL films to traces of cationic surfactants can also limit their applicability to the encapsulation of drugs or other materials because pharmaceutical or technical formulations often contain cationic surfactants as preservatives such as benzalkonium salts (BAC). It was demonstrated that undesired capsule opening can be effectively prevented by cross-linking the polyelectrolyte multilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Kang
- Surflay Nanotec GmbH, Schwarzschildstrasse 8, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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114
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Using multidimensional projection techniques for reaching a high distinguishing ability in biosensing. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:1153-9. [PMID: 21437775 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4853-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the control of molecular engineering architectures have allowed unprecedented ability of molecular recognition in biosensing, with a promising impact for clinical diagnosis and environment control. The availability of large amounts of data from electrical, optical, or electrochemical measurements requires, however, sophisticated data treatment in order to optimize sensing performance. In this study, we show how an information visualization system based on projections, referred to as Projection Explorer (PEx), can be used to achieve high performance for biosensors made with nanostructured films containing immobilized antigens. As a proof of concept, various visualizations were obtained with impedance spectroscopy data from an array of sensors whose electrical response could be specific toward a given antibody (analyte) owing to molecular recognition processes. In addition to discussing the distinct methods for projection and normalization of the data, we demonstrate that an excellent distinction can be made between real samples tested positive for Chagas disease and Leishmaniasis, which could not be achieved with conventional statistical methods. Such high performance probably arose from the possibility of treating the data in the whole frequency range. Through a systematic analysis, it was inferred that Sammon's mapping with standardization to normalize the data gives the best results, where distinction could be made of blood serum samples containing 10(-7) mg/mL of the antibody. The method inherent in PEx and the procedures for analyzing the impedance data are entirely generic and can be extended to optimize any type of sensor or biosensor.
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115
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Combs ZA, Chang S, Clark T, Singamaneni S, Anderson KD, Tsukruk VV. Label-free Raman mapping of surface distribution of protein a and IgG biomolecules. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:3198-3205. [PMID: 21294559 DOI: 10.1021/la104787w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated a nanoengineered substrate composed of micropatterned silver nanoparticles to be used for the label-free mapping of adsorbed biomolecules. We utilized surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) phenomenon to monitor the known bioanalytes, protein A and human immunoglobulin G (IgG). The SERS substrate was composed of a poly(alylamine hydrochloride) (PAH)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) layer-by-layer (LbL) nanocoating micropatterned with silver nanoparticles confined to microscopic stripes. Selective adsorption of biomacromolecules is facilitated by the amine-terminated LbL nanocoating, which prevents the surface adsorption of positively charged protein A across the surface except on the patterned regions containing negatively charged silver nanoparticles. Furthermore, adsorption of IgG on predetermined regions is facilitated by the selective binding of the Fc region of IgG to protein A. This label-free SERS approach provides accurate, selective, and fast detection of protein A and IgG solutions with a nanomolar concentration, down to below 1 nM for IgG in solution. This method could also be utilized for the facile detection of proteins in field conditions as well as in clinical, forensic, industrial, and environmental laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Combs
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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116
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Goto TE, Lopez RF, Iost RM, Crespilho FN, Caseli L. Monolayer collapse regulating process of adsorption-desorption of palladium nanoparticles at fatty acid monolayers at the air-water interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:2667-2675. [PMID: 21314156 DOI: 10.1021/la104822r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the affinity of palladium nanoparticles, stabilized with glucose oxidase, for fatty acid monolayers at the air-water interface, exploiting the interaction between a planar system and spheroids coming from the aqueous subphase. A decrease of the monolayer collapse pressure in the second cycle of interface compression proved that the presence of the nanoparticles causes destabilization of the monolayer in a mechanism driven by the interpenetration of the enzyme into the bilayer/multilayer structure formed during collapse, which is not immediately reversible after monolayer expansion. Surface pressure and surface potential-area isotherms, as well as infrared spectroscopy [polarization modulation infrared reflection adsorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS)] and deposition onto solid plates as Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films, were employed to construct a model in which the nanoparticle has a high affinity for the hydrophobic core of the structure formed after collapse, which provides a slow desorption rate from the interface after monolayer decompression. This may have important consequences on the interaction between the metallic particles and fatty acid monolayers, which implies the regulation of the multifunctional properties of the hybrid material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago E Goto
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo , Diadema, São Paulo 09972-270, Brazil
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117
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Bracamonte MV, Bollo S, Labbé P, Rivas GA, Ferreyra NF. Quaternized chitosan as support for the assembly of gold nanoparticles and glucose oxidase: Physicochemical characterization of the platform and evaluation of its biocatalytic activity. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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118
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Paulovich FV, Moraes ML, Maki RM, Ferreira M, Oliveira Jr. ON, de Oliveira MCF. Information visualization techniques for sensing and biosensing. Analyst 2011; 136:1344-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00822b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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119
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Nanostructured Films Based on Carbon Nanotubes and Cobalt for the Electrocatalytic Reduction of H2O2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3602200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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120
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Pereira AR, Iost RM, Martins MVA, Yokomizo CH, da Silva WC, Nantes IL, Crespilho FN. Molecular interactions and structure of a supramolecular arrangement of glucose oxidase and palladium nanoparticles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:12155-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20432g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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121
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Challenges in the use of 1D nanostructures for on-chip biosensing and diagnostics: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 26:1195-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 07/10/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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122
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Hernandez K, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Control of protein immobilization: coupling immobilization and site-directed mutagenesis to improve biocatalyst or biosensor performance. Enzyme Microb Technol 2010; 48:107-22. [PMID: 22112819 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Revised: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mutagenesis and immobilization are usually considered to be unrelated techniques with potential applications to improve protein properties. However, there are several reports showing that the use of site-directed mutagenesis to improve enzyme properties directly, but also how enzymes are immobilized on a support, can be a powerful tool to improve the properties of immobilized biomolecules for use as biosensors or biocatalysts. Standard immobilizations are not fully random processes, but the protein orientation may be difficult to alter. Initially, most efforts using this idea were addressed towards controlling the orientation of the enzyme on the immobilization support, in many cases to facilitate electron transfer from the support to the enzyme in redox biosensors. Usually, Cys residues are used to directly immobilize the protein on a support that contains disulfide groups or that is made from gold. There are also some examples using His in the target areas of the protein and using supports modified with immobilized metal chelates and other tags (e.g., using immobilized antibodies). Furthermore, site-directed mutagenesis to control immobilization is useful for improving the activity, the stability and even the selectivity of the immobilized protein, for example, via site-directed rigidification of selected areas of the protein. Initially, only Cys and disulfide supports were employed, but other supports with higher potential to give multipoint covalent attachment are being employed (e.g., glyoxyl or epoxy-disulfide supports). The advances in support design and the deeper knowledge of the mechanisms of enzyme-support interactions have permitted exploration of the possibilities of the coupled use of site-directed mutagenesis and immobilization in a new way. This paper intends to review some of the advances and possibilities that these coupled strategies permit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Hernandez
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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123
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Ghasemi-Varnamkhasti M, Mohtasebi SS, Siadat M. Biomimetic-based odor and taste sensing systems to food quality and safety characterization: An overview on basic principles and recent achievements. J FOOD ENG 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2010.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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124
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Estévez-Hernández O, Molina-Trinidad E, Santiago-Jacinto P, Rendón L, Reguera E. Gold nanoparticles conjugated to benzoylmercaptoacetyltriglycine and l-cysteine methylester. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 350:161-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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125
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Gutiérrez F, Ortega G, Cabrera JL, Rubianes MD, Rivas GA. Quantification of Quercetin Using Glassy Carbon Electrodes Modified with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Dispersed in Polyethylenimine and Polyacrylic Acid. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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126
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Abstract
This minireview describes the main developments of electronic tongues (e-tongues) and taste sensors in recent years, with a summary of the principles of detection and materials used in the sensing units. E-tongues are sensor arrays capable of distinguishing very similar liquids employing the concept of global selectivity, where the difference in the electrical response of different materials serves as a fingerprint for the analysed sample. They have been widely used for the analysis of wines, fruit juices, coffee, milk and beverages, in addition to the detection of trace amounts of impurities or pollutants in waters. Among the various principles of detection, electrochemical measurements and impedance spectroscopy are the most prominent. With regard to the materials for the sensing units, in most cases use is made of ultrathin films produced in a layer-by-layer fashion to yield higher sensitivity with the advantage of control of the film molecular architecture. The concept of e-tongues has been extended to biosensing by using sensing units capable of molecular recognition, as in films with immobilized antigens or enzymes with specific recognition for clinical diagnosis. Because the identification of samples is basically a classification task, there has been a trend to use artificial intelligence and information visualization methods to enhance the performance of e-tongues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Riul
- UFScar, campus Sorocaba, 18052-780 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
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127
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Goto TE, Lopez RF, Oliveira ON, Caseli L. Enzyme activity of catalase immobilized in Langmuir-Blodgett films of phospholipids. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:11135-11139. [PMID: 20491464 DOI: 10.1021/la101648x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge for producing low cost biosensors based on nanostructured films with control of molecular architectures is to preserve the catalytic activity of the immobilized biomolecules. In this study, we show that catalase (HRP) keeps its activity if immobilized in Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DPPG). The incorporation of catalase into a DPPG monolayer at the air-water interface was demonstrated with surface pressure and surface potential isotherms, in addition to polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS). According to the PM-IRRAS data, catalase was not denatured upon adsorption on a preformed DPPG monolayer and could be transferred onto a solid substrate. The catalytic activity of catalase in a mixed LB film with DPPG was ca. 13% higher than in solution. The control of molecular architecture and choice of a suitable phospholipid matrix allows catalase-containing LB films to be used in sensing hydrogen peroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago E Goto
- Laboratório de Materiais Híbridos, Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
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Pavinatto FJ, Caseli L, Oliveira ON. Chitosan in Nanostructured Thin Films. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:1897-908. [DOI: 10.1021/bm1004838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felippe J. Pavinatto
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brasil, and Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brasil
| | - Luciano Caseli
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brasil, and Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brasil
| | - Osvaldo N. Oliveira
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brasil, and Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brasil
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