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Silvennoinen R, Hasoň S, Vetterl V, Penttinen N, Silvennoinen M, Myller K, Cernochová P, Bartáková S, Prachár P, Cvrček L. Diffractive-optics-based sensor as a tool for detection of biocompatibility of titanium and titanium-doped hydrocarbon samples. APPLIED OPTICS 2010; 49:5583-5591. [PMID: 20935705 DOI: 10.1364/ao.49.005583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption of the elongated human plasma fibrinogen (HPF) and globular human serum albumin molecules on a titanium-based surface is monitored by analyzing permittivity and optical roughness of protein-modified surfaces by using a diffractive optical element (DOE)-based sensor and variable angle spectro-ellipsometry (VASE). Both DOE and VASE confirmed that fibrinogen forms a thicker and more packed surface adlayer compared to a more porous and weakly adsorbed albumin adlayer. A linear relation of the permittivity (ε(')) and dielectric loss (ε('')) was found for some of the dry titanium-doped hydrocarbon (TDHC) surfaces with excellent HPF adsorption ability. We discuss some aspects of TDHC's aging and its possible effects on fibrinogen adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimo Silvennoinen
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
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102
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Junker R, Manders P, Wolke J, Borisov Y, Braceras I, Jansen J. Loaded Microplasma-sprayed CaP-coated Implants in vivo. J Dent Res 2010; 89:1489-93. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034510384621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microplasma spray equipment to deposit calcium phosphate ceramic (CaP) coatings has been developed. Fifty-six titanium implants were inserted into the mandibles of 7 adult beagle dogs. The implants were either acid-etched (NC), conventionally plasma-sprayed (PS), micro-plasma-sprayed (MPS), or micro-plasma-sprayed (aMPS) only at the apical part. After 6 weeks, implants in one half of the mandible were subjected to load. Fifty-two weeks thereafter, the animals were killed. Regardless of load, bone healing was comparable for all surfaces tested. It was concluded that loading of MPS CaP-coated implants evokes a favorable bone response, and that the bone response does not differ from that of PS CaP-coated implants. However, functional loading of PS as well as MPS CaP-coated implants might be associated with increased crestal bone maintenance as compared with non-coated implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Junker
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P.J.D. Manders
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J. Wolke
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Y. Borisov
- E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 11, Bozhenko St., Kiev 03680, Ukraine
| | - I. Braceras
- INASMET, Materials and Processes Dept., Mikeletegi Pasealekua, 2 Teknologi Parkea, E 20009 Donostia—San Sebastián, Spain
| | - J.A. Jansen
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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103
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Pareta RA, Reising AB, Miller T, Storey D, Webster TJ. An understanding of enhanced osteoblast adhesion on various nanostructured polymeric and metallic materials prepared by ionic plasma deposition. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 92:1190-201. [PMID: 19322818 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of new materials through novel surface modification techniques to enhance orthopedic implant lifetimes (hence, decreasing the need for revision surgery) is of great interest to the medical community. The purpose of this in vitro study was to treat common metallic implant materials [such as titanium (Ti) and a titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V)] and traditional polymeric materials (like polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and nylon) with either nanoparticulate alumina or titanium using novel (i) ionic plasma deposition (IPD) and (ii) nitrogen ion immersion plasma deposition (NIIPD) techniques. The treated surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and surface energy, demonstrating greater nanoscale roughness on the modified surfaces regardless of the underlying material or coating applied. These surface-modified substrates were also tested for cytocompatibility properties with osteoblasts (or bone-forming cells). Results showed increased osteoblast adhesion on modified compared to control (traditional or untreated) materials. Since the adhesion of osteoblasts is the first crucial step for new bone synthesis, these results are very promising and suggest that the plasma deposition processes used in this study should be further investigated to improve the longevity of orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh A Pareta
- Department of Orthopedics, Division of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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104
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Chang PC, Lang NP, Giannobile WV. Evaluation of functional dynamics during osseointegration and regeneration associated with oral implants. Clin Oral Implants Res 2010; 21:1-12. [PMID: 20070743 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01826.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this paper is to review current investigations on functional assessments of osseointegration and assess correlations to the peri-implant structure. MATERIAL AND METHODS The literature was electronically searched for studies of promoting dental implant osseointegration, functional assessments of implant stability, and finite element (FE) analyses in the field of implant dentistry, and any references regarding biological events during osseointegration were also cited as background information. RESULTS Osseointegration involves a cascade of protein and cell apposition, vascular invasion, de novo bone formation and maturation to achieve the primary and secondary dental implant stability. This process may be accelerated by alteration of the implant surface roughness, developing a biomimetric interface, or local delivery of growth-promoting factors. The current available pre-clinical and clinical biomechanical assessments demonstrated a variety of correlations to the peri-implant structural parameters, and functionally integrated peri-implant structure through FE optimization can offer strong correlation to the interfacial biomechanics. CONCLUSIONS The progression of osseointegration may be accelerated by alteration of the implant interface as well as growth factor applications, and functional integration of peri-implant structure may be feasible to predict the implant function during osseointegration. More research in this field is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chun Chang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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105
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Pashkuleva I, Marques AP, Vaz F, Reis RL. Surface modification of starch based biomaterials by oxygen plasma or UV-irradiation. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2010; 21:21-32. [PMID: 19639265 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-009-3831-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Radiation is widely used in biomaterials science for surface modification and sterilization. Herein, we describe the use of plasma and UV-irradiation to improve the biocompatibility of different starch-based blends in terms of cell adhesion and proliferation. Physical and chemical changes, introduced by the used methods, were evaluated by complementary techniques for surface analysis such as scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, contact angle analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The effect of the changed surface properties on the adhesion of osteoblast-like cells was studied by a direct contact assay. Generally, both treatments resulted in higher number of cells adhered to the modified surfaces. The importance of the improved biocompatibility resulting from the irradiation methods is further supported by the knowledge that both UV and plasma treatments can be used as cost-effective methods for sterilization of biomedical materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Pashkuleva
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, AvePark, Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal.
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106
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Deng F, Zhang W, Zhang P, Liu C, Ling J. Improvement in the morphology of micro-arc oxidised titanium surfaces: A new process to increase osteoblast response. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2009.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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107
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Yeo A, Wong WJ, Khoo HH, Teoh SH. Surface modification of PCL-TCP scaffolds improve interfacial mechanical interlock and enhance early bone formation: Anin vitroandin vivocharacterization. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 92:311-21. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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108
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Junker R, Dimakis A, Thoneick M, Jansen JA. Effects of implant surface coatings and composition on bone integration: a systematic review. Clin Oral Implants Res 2009; 20 Suppl 4:185-206. [PMID: 19663965 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01777.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present review was to evaluate the bone integration efficacy of recently developed and marketed oral implants as well as experimental surface alterations. MATERIALS AND METHODS A PubMed search was performed for animal studies, human reports and studies presenting bone-to-implant contact percentage or data regarding mechanical testing. RESULTS For recently developed and marketed oral implants, 29 publications and for experimental surface alterations 51 publications fulfilled the inclusion criteria for this review. CONCLUSIONS As demonstrated in the available literature dealing with recently developed and marketed oral implants, surface-roughening procedures also affect the surface chemical composition of oral implants. There is sufficient proof that surface roughening induces a safe and predictable implant-to-bone response, but it is not clear whether this effect is due to the surface roughness or to the related change in the surface composition. The review of the experimental surface alterations revealed that thin calcium phosphate (CaP) coating technology can solve the problems associated with thick CaP coatings, while they still improve implant bone integration compared with non-coated titanium implants. Nevertheless, there is a lack of human studies in which the success rate of thin CaP-coated oral implants is compared with just roughened oral implants. No unequivocal evidence is available that suggests a positive effect on the implant bone integration of peptide sequences or growth factors coated on titanium oral implants. In contrast, the available literature suggests that bone morphogenetic protein-2 coatings might even impede the magnitude of implant-to-bone response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Junker
- Department of Periodontology and Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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109
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Lu X, Leng Y. Comparison of the osteoblast and myoblast behavior on hydroxyapatite microgrooves. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009; 90:438-45. [PMID: 19107805 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Surface topography is one of the most important surface properties of biomaterials and microfabrication techniques provide new routes to produce precisely controlled surface topographies for investigating the topographic effects on cell behavior. In this study, hydroxyapatite (HA) microgrooved surfaces were used to study the osteoblast and myoblast response to the surface micro-features. The microgrooves were first produced on silicon wafers by photolithography, and then coated with HA using sputtering technique. Orientation angle (OA) was used to evaluate the contact guidance introduced by microgrooves and form index (FI) was introduced to describe the cell morphology change. The results show that the microgroove effects on myoblasts are more obvious than those on osteoblasts, and the two types of cells are sensitive to different sizes of microgrooves. The microgrooves with 8 microm width strongly affect both osteoblasts and myoblasts, while the microgrooves with 24 microm width strongly affect myoblasts only. These results confirm that the surface topographic effect is of cell specific, and therefore, design of surface topographic features must be different for myoblasts and osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Lu
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
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110
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Inoue M, Rodriguez AP, Takagi T, Katase N, Kubota M, Nagai N, Nagatsuka H, Inoue M, Nagaoka N, Takagi S, Suzuki K. Effect of a New Titanium Coating Material (CaTiO3-aC) Prepared by Thermal Decomposition Method on Osteoblastic Cell Response. J Biomater Appl 2009; 24:657-72. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328209340334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Titanium and hydroxyapatite (HA) are widely used as biomaterials for dental and medical applications. HA-coated titanium implants have excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties. However, the adherence of HA film formed on titanium substrate is weak because of the lack of chemical interaction between HA and titanium. A solution to this problem is to form an intermediate film on titanium substrate, which provide excellent adherence to both titanium substrate and HA. We developed a novel biomaterial called calcium titanate-amorphous carbon (CaTiO3-aC) coating prepared by modified thermal decomposition method. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of CaTiO 3-aC and HA coating (positive control), and Ti (negative control) on osteoblastic (MT3T3-E1) cell responses. An increased cellular proliferation was observed in CaTiO3-aC coating compared to HA coating. The maximum expressions of ALP activity, Col I and ALP mRNA were higher and achieved in shorter period of time in CaTiO3-aC coating compared to others. These results demonstrated that CaTiO3-aC promoted better cell attachment, cellular proliferation, and osteoblastic differentiation compared with HA. In conclusion, we suggested that CaTiO3-aC could be considered as an important candidate as a coating material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Inoue
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan,
| | - Andrea P. Rodriguez
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Tohru Takagi
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Naoki Katase
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Midori Kubota
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nagai
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan, Center of Oral Health Science, International Dental Hygienist College in Okayama, Motoyama Gakuin, 3-2-18 Daiku, Okayama 700-0913, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nagatsuka
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Masahisa Inoue
- Laboratory for Structure and Function, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University 180 Yamashiro-Cho Nishihamabouji, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nagaoka
- Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Shin Takagi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Kazuomi Suzuki
- Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
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111
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Na Y, Heo SJ, Kim SK, Koak JY. Implant surface treatments affect gene expression of Runx2, osteogenic key marker. J Adv Prosthodont 2009; 1:91-6. [PMID: 21165261 PMCID: PMC2994684 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2009.1.2.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Revised: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 07/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The aim of this study was to study the effects of various surface treatments to a titanium surface on the expression of Runx2 in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human Osteosarcoma TE-85 cells were cultured on machined, sandblasted, or anodic oxidized cpTi discs. At various times of incubation, the cells were collected and then processed for the analysis of mRNA expression of Runx2 using reverse transcription-PCR. RESULTS The expression pattern of Runx2 mRNA was differed according to the types of surface treatment. When the cells were cultured on the untreated control culture plates, the gene expression of Runx2 was not increased during the experiments. In the case of that the cells were cultured on the machined cpTI discs, the expression level was intermediate at the first day, but increased constitutively to day 5. In cells on sandblasted cpTi discs, the expression level was highest in the first day sample and the level was maintained to 5 days. In cells on anodized cpTi discs, the expression level increased rapidly to 3 days, but decreased slightly in the 5-th day sample. CONCLUSION Different surface treatments may contribute to the regulation of osteoblast function by influencing the level of gene expression of key osteogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Na
- Graduate student, Department of Dental Prosthodontics, Seoul National University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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112
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Little U, Buchanan F, Harkin-Jones E, Graham B, Fox B, Boyd A, Meenan B, Dickson G. Surface modification of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) using a dielectric barrier discharge in atmospheric pressure glow discharge mode. Acta Biomater 2009; 5:2025-32. [PMID: 19269907 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Revised: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The role of roughening and functionalization processes involved in modifying the wettability of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) after treatment by an atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma is discussed. The change in the ratio of CO/C-O bonds is a significant factor influencing the wettability of PCL. As the contact angle decreases, the level of CO bonds tends to rise. Surface roughness alterations are the driving force for lasting increases in wettability, while the surface functional species are shorter lived. We can approximate from ageing that the increase in wettability for PCL after plasma treatment is 55-60% due to roughening and 40-45% due to surface functionalization for the plasma device investigated.
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113
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Schwarz MLR, Kowarsch M, Rose S, Becker K, Lenz T, Jani L. Effect of surface roughness, porosity, and a resorbable calcium phosphate coating on osseointegration of titanium in a minipig model. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 89:667-78. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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114
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Schwartz Z, Raz P, Zhao G, Barak Y, Tauber M, Yao H, Boyan BD. Effect of micrometer-scale roughness of the surface of Ti6Al4V pedicle screws in vitro and in vivo. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2008; 90:2485-98. [PMID: 18978418 PMCID: PMC2663328 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.g.00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Titanium implants that have been grit-blasted and acid-etched to produce a rough microtopography support more bone integration than do smooth-surfaced implants. In vitro studies have suggested that this is due to a stimulatory effect on osteoblasts. It is not known if grit-blasted and acid-etched Ti6Al4V implants also stimulate osteoblasts and increase bone formation clinically. In this study, we examined the effects of micrometer-scale-structured Ti6Al4V surfaces on cell responses in vitro and on tissue responses in vivo. METHODS Ti6Al4V disks were either machined to produce smooth surfaces with an average roughness (Ra) of 0.2 microm or grit-blasted, resulting in an Ra of 2.0, 3.0, or 3.3 microm. Human osteoblast-like cells were cultured on the disks and on tissue culture polystyrene. The cell number, markers of osteoblast differentiation, and levels of local factors in the conditioned media were determined at confluence. In addition, Ti6Al4V pedicle screws with smooth or rough surfaces were implanted into the L4 and L5 vertebrae of fifteen two-year-old sheep. Osteointegration was evaluated at twelve weeks with histomorphometry and on the basis of removal torque. RESULTS The cell numbers on the Ti6Al4V surfaces were lower than those on the tissue culture polystyrene; the effect was greatest on the roughest surface. The alkaline-phosphatase-specific activity of cell lysates was decreased in a surface-dependent manner, whereas osteocalcin, prostaglandin E(2), transforming growth factor-beta1, and osteoprotegerin levels were higher on the rough surfaces. Bone-implant contact was greater around the rough-surfaced Ti6Al4V screws, and the torque needed to remove the rough screws from the bone was more than twice that required to remove the smooth screws. CONCLUSIONS Increased micrometer-scale surface roughness increases osteoblast differentiation and local factor production in vitro, which may contribute to increased bone formation and osteointegration in vivo. There was a correlation between in vitro and in vivo observations, indicating that the use of screws with rough surfaces will result in better bone-implant contact and implant stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvi Schwartz
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive N.W., Atlanta, GA 30332-0363. E-mail address for B.D. Boyan:
| | - Perry Raz
- Hebrew University Hadassah, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | | | - Yael Barak
- Impliant, Inc., 7 Giborey Israel Street, P.O. Box 8630, Ramat Poleg 42504, Israel
| | - Michael Tauber
- Department of Spinal Neurosurgery, Arkade Klinik, Rathausstrasse 43, 98597 Breitungen, Germany
| | - Hai Yao
- Clemson-MUSC Joint Bioengineering Program, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 303, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Barbara D. Boyan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive N.W., Atlanta, GA 30332-0363. E-mail address for B.D. Boyan:
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115
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Park JW, Suh JY, Chung HJ. Effects of calcium ion incorporation on osteoblast gene expression in MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on microstructured titanium surfaces. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 86:117-26. [PMID: 17941022 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The surface characteristics of a calcium ion (Ca)-incorporated titanium (Ti) surface, produced by hydrothermal treatment using an alkaline Ca-containing solution, and its effects on osteoblastic differentiation were investigated. MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblastic cells were cultured on machined or grit-blasted Ti surfaces with and without Ca incorporation. The MTT assay was used to determine cell proliferation, and real-time PCR was used for quantitative analysis of osteoblastic gene expression. Hydrothermal treatment with a Ca-containing solution produced a crystalline CaTiO(3) nanostructure of approximately 100 nm in dimension, preserving original micron-scaled surface topographies and microroughness caused by machining, blasting, or blasting and etching treatments. After immersion in Hank's balanced salt solution, considerable apatite formation was observed on all surfaces of the Ca-incorporated samples. Significantly more cell proliferation was found on Ca-incorporated Ti surfaces than on untreated Ti surfaces (p < 0.001). Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed notably higher alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, and osteocalcin mRNA levels in cells grown on Ca-incorporated blasted surfaces than on other surfaces at an early time point. Thus, Ca incorporation may have a beneficial effect on osseointegration of microstructured Ti implants by accelerating osteoblast proliferation and differentiation during the early healing phase following implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Park
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 188-1, Samduk 2Ga, Jung-Gu, Daegu 700-412, Korea.
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116
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Silvennoinen R, Vetterl V, Hason S, Tuononen H, Silvennoinen M, Myller K, Cvrcek L, Vanek J, Prachar P. Sensing of human plasma fibrinogen on polished, chemically etched and carbon treated titanium surfaces by diffractive optical element based sensor. OPTICS EXPRESS 2008; 16:10130-10140. [PMID: 18607420 DOI: 10.1364/oe.16.010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption of human plasma fibrinogen (HPF) on 6 differently treated titanium samples (polished, polished and etched, and 4 titanium carbide coatings samples produced by using plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) method) is investigated by using diffractive optical element (DOE) sensor. Permittivity (susceptibility) change and fluctuation in optical roughness (R(opt)) of treated titanium surface in the presence of background electrolyte without and with HPF molecules are sensed by using DOE sensor and optical ellipsometry. Correlation between transmitted light and thickness of molecule layer was found. The findings allow to sense temporal organization and severity of adsorption of nano-scale HPF molecules on polished, on polished and etched, and on titanium carbide surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimo Silvennoinen
- University of Joensuu, Department of Physics and Mathematics, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101Joensuu, Finland.
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Ponader S, Vairaktaris E, Heinl P, Wilmowsky CV, Rottmair A, Körner C, Singer RF, Holst S, Schlegel KA, Neukam FW, Nkenke E. Effects of topographical surface modifications of electron beam melted Ti-6Al-4V titanium on human fetal osteoblasts. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 84:1111-9. [PMID: 17685409 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the suitability of different Ti-6Al-4V surfaces produced by the electron beam melting (EBM) process as matrices for attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of human fetal osteoblasts (hFOB 1.19). Human osteoblasts were cultured in vitro on smooth and rough-textured Ti-6Al-4V alloy disks. By means of cell number and vitality and SEM micrographs cell attachment and proliferation were observed. The differentiation rate was examined by using quantitative real-time PCR analysis for the gene expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type I collagen (Coll-I), bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteocalcin (OC). After 3 days of incubation there was a significant higher vitality (p < 0.02) and proliferation (p < 0.02) of hFOB cells on smooth surfaces (R(a) = 0.077 microm) and compact surfaces with adherent partly molten titanium particles on the surface (R(a) </= 24.9 microm). On these samples cells spread over almost the whole surface. On porous surfaces with higher R(a) values, cell proliferation was reduced significantly. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression of osteogenic differentiation markers was not influenced by surface characteristics. Gene expression did not differ more than twofold for the different samples. Compact titanium samples with adherent partly molten titanium particles on the surface (R(a) </= 24.9 microm) fabricated by the EBM process turned out to be best suited for cell proliferation, while highly rough surfaces (R(a) >/= 56.9 microm) reduced proliferation of hFOB cells. Surface characteristics of titanium can easily be changed by EBM in order to further improve proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Ponader
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Rausch-fan X, Qu Z, Wieland M, Matejka M, Schedle A. Differentiation and cytokine synthesis of human alveolar osteoblasts compared to osteoblast-like cells (MG63) in response to titanium surfaces. Dent Mater 2008; 24:102-10. [PMID: 17467048 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2007.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2006] [Revised: 02/25/2007] [Accepted: 03/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different implant surface topographies and chemistries on the expression of differentiation/proliferation markers on MG63 cells and primary human alveolar osteoblasts. METHODS Hydrophobic acid-etched (A) and hydrophobic coarse-grit-blasted, acid-etched (SLA) surfaces and hydrophilic acid-etched (modA) and hydrophilic coarse-grit-blasted (modSLA) surfaces were produced. Thereby, modA and modSLA surfaces were rinsed under nitrogen protection and stored in a sealed glass tube containing isotonic NaCl solution at pH 4-6. Tissue culture plates without specimens served as controls. The behavior of MG63 cells and primary human alveolar osteoblasts (AOB) grown on all surfaces was compared through determination of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, cell proliferation ((3)H-thymidin incorporation, MTT colorimetric assay) and expression of osteocalcin (OC), osteoprotegerin (OPG), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta(1)) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), detected with commercial available test kits. RESULTS Proliferation of MG63 and primary cells was highest on controls, followed by A surfaces, modA and SLA surfaces being almost on the same level and lowest on modSLA surfaces. modSLA surfaces exhibited highest ALP and OC production, followed by SLA, modA and A surfaces. Proliferation and OC production were comparable for MG63 cells and AOB. OPG, TGF-beta(1) and VEGF produced on primary cells showed a slightly different rank order on different surfaces compared to MG63 cells. modSLA still showed the highest production of OPG, TGF-beta(1) and VEGF, but was followed by modA, SLA and A. Statistical significance was checked by ANOVA (p<0.0035). SIGNIFICANCE MG63 cells and primary human alveolar osteoblasts showed similar proliferation and differentiation characteristics on different titanium surfaces. Only modA surfaces showed enhanced expression of OPG, TGF-beta(1) and VEGF on MG63 cells compared to primary human alveolar osteoblasts. Overall, the lowest proliferation rates and the highest expressions of differentiation markers and growth factor productions were observed on modSLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Rausch-fan
- Department of Periodontology, Bernhard Gottlieb University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 25a, Vienna, Austria
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Le Guéhennec L, Soueidan A, Layrolle P, Amouriq Y. Surface treatments of titanium dental implants for rapid osseointegration. Dent Mater 2007; 23:844-54. [PMID: 16904738 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2006.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1207] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2005] [Revised: 06/09/2006] [Accepted: 06/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The osseointegration rate of titanium dental implants is related to their composition and surface roughness. Rough-surfaced implants favor both bone anchoring and biomechanical stability. Osteoconductive calcium phosphate coatings promote bone healing and apposition, leading to the rapid biological fixation of implants. The different methods used for increasing surface roughness or applying osteoconductive coatings to titanium dental implants are reviewed. Surface treatments, such as titanium plasma-spraying, grit-blasting, acid-etching, anodization or calcium phosphate coatings, and their corresponding surface morphologies and properties are described. Most of these surfaces are commercially available and have proven clinical efficacy (>95% over 5 years). The precise role of surface chemistry and topography on the early events in dental implant osseointegration remain poorly understood. In addition, comparative clinical studies with different implant surfaces are rarely performed. The future of dental implantology should aim to develop surfaces with controlled and standardized topography or chemistry. This approach will be the only way to understand the interactions between proteins, cells and tissues, and implant surfaces. The local release of bone stimulating or resorptive drugs in the peri-implant region may also respond to difficult clinical situations with poor bone quality and quantity. These therapeutic strategies should ultimately enhance the osseointegration process of dental implants for their immediate loading and long-term success.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Le Guéhennec
- Inserm U791, LIOAD, Osteoarticular and Dental Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Dental Surgery, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes cedex 1, France
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120
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Park YG, Wey MY, Hong SI. Enhanced wear and fatigue properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy modified by plasma carburizing/CrN coating. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2007; 18:925-31. [PMID: 17143738 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-006-0014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2005] [Accepted: 12/29/2005] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a newly developed duplex coating method incorporating plasma carburization and CrN coating was applied to Ti-6Al-4V and its effects on the wear resistance and fatigue life were investigated. The carburized layer with approximately150 microm in depth and CrN coating film with 7.5 microm in thickness were formed after duplex coating. Hard carbide particles such as TiC And V(4)C(3) were formed in the carburized layer. XRD diffraction pattern analysis revealed that CrN film had predominant [111] and [200] textures. The hardness (Hv) was significantly improved up to about 1,960 after duplex coating while the hardness value of original Ti-6Al-4V was 402. The threshold load for the modification and/or failure of CrN coating was measured to be 32 N using the acoustic emission technique. The wear resistance and fatigue life of duplex-coated Ti-6Al-4V improved significantly compared to those of un-treated specimen. The enhanced wear resistance can be attributed to the excellent adhesion and improved hardness of CrN coating film for the duplex-coated Ti-6Al-4V. The initiation of fatigue cracks is likely to be retarded by the presence of hard and strong layers on the surface, resulting in the enhanced fatigue life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y G Park
- Department of Materials Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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121
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Qu Z, Rausch-Fan X, Wieland M, Matejka M, Schedle A. The initial attachment and subsequent behavior regulation of osteoblasts by dental implant surface modification. J Biomed Mater Res A 2007; 82:658-68. [PMID: 17323317 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of hydrophobic acid-etched (A) and coarse-blasted large-grit and acid-etched (SLA) surfaces as well as hydrophilic modified acid-etched (modA) and modified coarse-blasted large-grit and acid-etched (modSLA) surfaces on the behavior of MG63 cells grown on these surfaces through determination of cell attachment and cell proliferation, time-lapse microscopy of fluorescence-labeled cells, and determination of gene expression by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). No significant difference of cell attachment on various titanium surfaces was found. Increased cell proliferation was observed on the A surface and the SLA surface compared with the modA surface and the modSLA surface. After 2 days of incubation, on modSLA and modA surfaces a tendency of formation of cell clusters has been observed, which was most pronounced on modSLA surface. On the A and the SLA surface, cell cluster formation started after longer incubation periods. The expression level of the bone-associated genes (alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, type-I-collagen, osteoprotegerin, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase) detected by RT-PCR was highest on the modSLA surface. In conclusion it has been demonstrated that the modSLA surface results in an enhanced cluster formation of osteoblasts grown on this surface and in an increased expression of key osteogenic regulatory genes in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Qu
- Department of Periodontology, Bernhard Gottlieb University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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122
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Zhao G, Zinger O, Schwartz Z, Wieland M, Landolt D, Boyan BD. Osteoblast-like cells are sensitive to submicron-scale surface structure. Clin Oral Implants Res 2006; 17:258-64. [PMID: 16672020 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2005.01195.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies showing that osteoblasts exhibit a more differentiated phenotype on rough titanium (Ti) surfaces and osteoclast-resorbed bone surfaces used materials characterized by average peak to valley distance (Ra). Other surface features impacting the cells include distance between peaks, curvature of the valleys, and relative distribution of flat and smooth regions. We used novel Ti surfaces prepared by electrochemical micromachining as models to examine specific contributions of individual design features to osteoblast response. Results show that micron-scale topography modulates cell number, cell morphology and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). In the presence of the appropriate microtopography, submicron-scale rugosity modulates differentiation and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) levels. In this study, we examined the role of different types of submicron-scale structures. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty micrometer diameter craters on Ti disks were produced by photolithography resulting in an electropolished smooth surface, and arranged so that inside crater area vs. outside flat area was 6 (30/6). Submicron-scale structures were superposed by acid etching and porous anodization. Ra's were 700, 400, 60 nm on acid-etched, porous anodized and smooth 30/6 surfaces, respectively. RESULTS MG63 osteoblast-like cells were sensitive to submicron-scale architecture. Cell morphology on anodized surfaces was similar to morphology on smooth surfaces, whereas on etched surfaces, cells had a more elongated differentiated shape. Cell number was greatest on smooth surfaces > anodized > etched. Osteocalcin and PGE2 were affected in a reverse manner. Active TGF-beta1 was greatest on etched 30/6 surfaces > anodized > smooth; latent TGF-beta1 was elevated on all rough surfaces. CONCLUSIONS These results support our previous observations that submicron-scale structures modulate osteoblastic phenotype and show that the physical properties of the submicron-scale structures are important variables in determining osteoblast response to substrate topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Rouahi M, Champion E, Hardouin P, Anselme K. Quantitative kinetic analysis of gene expression during human osteoblastic adhesion on orthopaedic materials. Biomaterials 2006; 27:2829-44. [PMID: 16427124 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2005] [Accepted: 01/03/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Little information was found in the literature about the expression on hydroxyapatite (HA) materials of genes specific of cellular adhesion molecules although more were found on titanium-based substrates. Hence, the goal of this work was to study by a kinetic approach from 30 min to 4 days the adhesion of Saos-2 cells on microporous (mHA) and non-microporous hydroxyapatite (pHA) in comparison to polished titanium. Our strategy associated the visualization of adhesion proteins inside the cells by immunohistochemistry and the quantitative expression of genes at mRNA level by real-time PCR. The cell morphology was assessed using scanning electron microscopy and the number of cells thanks to biochemical techniques. The cellular attachment was the highest on mHA from 30 min to 24 h although the cell growth on mHA was the lowest after 4 days. Generally, the Saos-2 osteoblastic cells morphology on mHA was radically different than on other surfaces with the particularity of the cytoplasmic edge, which appeared un-distinguishable from the surface. The revelation by specific antibodies of proteins of the cytoskeleton (actin) and the focal adhesions (FAK, phosphotyrosine) confirmed that adhesion and spreading were different on the 3 materials. The actin stress fibres were less numerous and shorter on mHA ceramics. Cells had more focal contacts after 4 h on mHA compared to other substrates but less after 24 h. The highest values of total proteins were extracted from mHA at 0.5 and 24 h and from pHA at 1, 4, and 96 h. The alphav and beta1 integrin, actin, FAK, and ERK gene expression were found to be different with adhesion time and with materials. C-jun expression was comparable on mHA, titanium and plastic but was largely higher than on pHA at 0.5 and 1 h. On the contrary, c-fos expression was the highest on pHA after 0.5 h and the lowest after 1h. This difference between c-fos and c-jun expression on pHA after 0.5 h could be related to the fact that these two genes may differ in their signalling pathways. The expression of the alkaline phosphatase gene after 4 days was lower on mHA compared to other materials demonstrating that the microstructure of the mHA ceramic was not favourable to Saos-2 cells differentiation. Finally, it was demonstrated in this study that HA and titanium surfaces influence as well gene expression at early times of adhesion as the synthesis of adhesion proteins but also proliferation and differentiation phases. Indeed, the signal transduction pathways involved in adhesion of Saos-2 cells on HA and titanium were confirmed by the sequential expression of alphav and beta1 integrins, FAK, and ERK genes followed by the expression of c-jun and c-fos genes for proliferation and alkaline phosphatase gene for differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Rouahi
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Biomatériaux et Biotechnologies, LR2B, Quai Robert Masset, Bassin Napoléon, BP 120 62327 Boulogne sur mer, France
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Kim HW, Kim HE, Salih V. Stimulation of osteoblast responses to biomimetic nanocomposites of gelatin–hydroxyapatite for tissue engineering scaffolds. Biomaterials 2005; 26:5221-30. [PMID: 15792549 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2004] [Accepted: 01/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Collagen-derived gelatin/hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocomposites were biomimetically synthesized for hard tissue engineering scaffold. In vitro osteoblastic cellular responses to the nanocomposites were assessed in comparison with those conventionally mixed gelatin-HA composites. A three-dimensional culture method involving floating cells in a culture medium was introduced to assist in the initial attachment of the cells to the scaffolds, and the proliferation and differentiation behaviors of the cells were examined. The osteoblastic MG63 cells attached to the nanocomposites to a significantly higher degree and subsequently proliferated more. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteocalcin produced by the cells were significantly higher on the nanocomposite scaffolds than on the conventional composite scaffolds. These improved cellular responses on the nanocomposites are considered to result from the increased ionic release and serum protein adsorption on the nanocomposites, which was derived from the different structural and morphological characteristics, i.e., the nanocomposite scaffolds retained less-crystallized and smaller-sized apatite crystals and a more well-developed pore configuration than the conventional ones. Based on these findings, the biomimetically synthesized nanocomposite scaffolds are believed to be potentially useful in hard tissue regeneration and tissue engineering fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Won Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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