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Combined exome and transcriptome sequencing of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: associations between genomic changes, expression subtypes, and clinical outcomes. Genome Med 2022; 14:59. [PMID: 35655252 PMCID: PMC9164468 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three-quarters of bladder cancer patients present with early-stage disease (non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, NMIBC, UICC TNM stages Ta, T1 and Tis); however, most next-generation sequencing studies to date have concentrated on later-stage disease (muscle-invasive BC, stages T2+). We used exome and transcriptome sequencing to comprehensively characterise NMIBCs of all grades and stages to identify prognostic genes and pathways that could facilitate treatment decisions. Tumour grading is based upon microscopy and cellular appearances (grade 1 BCs are less aggressive, and grade 3 BCs are most aggressive), and we chose to also focus on the most clinically complex NMIBC subgroup, those patients with grade 3 pathological stage T1 (G3 pT1) disease. METHODS Whole-exome and RNA sequencing were performed in total on 96 primary NMIBCs including 22 G1 pTa, 14 G3 pTa and 53 G3 pT1s, with both exome and RNA sequencing data generated from 75 of these individual samples. Associations between genomic alterations, expression profiles and progression-free survival (PFS) were investigated. RESULTS NMIBCs clustered into 3 expression subtypes with different somatic alteration characteristics. Amplifications of ARNT and ERBB2 were significant indicators of worse PFS across all NMIBCs. High APOBEC mutagenesis and high tumour mutation burden were both potential indicators of better PFS in G3pT1 NMIBCs. The expression of individual genes was not prognostic in BCG-treated G3pT1 NMIBCs; however, downregulated interferon-alpha and gamma response pathways were significantly associated with worse PFS (adjusted p-value < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Multi-omic data may facilitate better prognostication and selection of therapeutic interventions in patients with G3pT1 NMIBC. These findings demonstrate the potential for improving the management of high-risk NMIBC patients and warrant further prospective validation.
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Lokeshwar SD, Lopez M, Sarcan S, Aguilar K, Morera DS, Shaheen DM, Lokeshwar BL, Lokeshwar VB. Molecular Oncology of Bladder Cancer from Inception to Modern Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112578. [PMID: 35681556 PMCID: PMC9179261 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the last forty years, seminal contributions have been made in the areas of bladder cancer (BC) biology, driver genes, molecular profiling, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets for improving personalized patient care. This overview includes seminal discoveries and advances in the molecular oncology of BC. Starting with the concept of divergent molecular pathways for the development of low- and high-grade bladder tumors, field cancerization versus clonality of bladder tumors, cancer driver genes/mutations, genetic polymorphisms, and bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) as an early form of immunotherapy are some of the conceptual contributions towards improving patient care. Although beginning with a promise of predicting prognosis and individualizing treatments, "-omic" approaches and molecular subtypes have revealed the importance of BC stem cells, lineage plasticity, and intra-tumor heterogeneity as the next frontiers for realizing individualized patient care. Along with urine as the optimal non-invasive liquid biopsy, BC is at the forefront of the biomarker field. If the goal is to reduce the number of cystoscopies but not to replace them for monitoring recurrence and asymptomatic microscopic hematuria, a BC marker may reach clinical acceptance. As advances in the molecular oncology of BC continue, the next twenty-five years should significantly advance personalized care for BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soum D. Lokeshwar
- Department of Urology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;
| | - Maite Lopez
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (M.L.); (S.S.); (K.A.); (D.S.M.)
| | - Semih Sarcan
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (M.L.); (S.S.); (K.A.); (D.S.M.)
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Karina Aguilar
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (M.L.); (S.S.); (K.A.); (D.S.M.)
| | - Daley S. Morera
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (M.L.); (S.S.); (K.A.); (D.S.M.)
| | - Devin M. Shaheen
- Yale School of Nursing, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;
| | - Bal L. Lokeshwar
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Research Service, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
- Correspondence: (B.L.L.); (V.B.L.)
| | - Vinata B. Lokeshwar
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (M.L.); (S.S.); (K.A.); (D.S.M.)
- Correspondence: (B.L.L.); (V.B.L.)
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103
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Ecke TH, Le Calvez-Kelm F, Otto T. Molecular Diagnostic and Prognostication Assays for the Subtyping of Urinary Bladder Cancer Are on the Way to Illuminating Our Vision. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5620. [PMID: 35628431 PMCID: PMC9145419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
After the successful publication of three Special Issues devoted to highlighting novel scientific research results in the field of bladder cancer and their clinical implications, we are now directing our efforts towards a fourth edition which will aim at compiling innovative research strategies that will ultimately guide and support clinicians in the decision-making process for targeted bladder cancer therapies [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten H. Ecke
- Department of Urology, HELIOS Hospital Bad Saarow, 15526 Bad Saarow, Germany
- Department of Urology, Universitätsmedizin Berlin-Charité, 10098 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Otto
- Department of Urology, Rheinland Klinikum Neuss, 41464 Neuss, Germany;
- University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
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104
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Zhong W, Qu H, Yao B, Wang D, Qiu J. Analysis of a Long Non-coding RNA associated Signature to Predict Survival in Patients with Bladder Cancer. Cureus 2022; 14:e24818. [PMID: 35693359 PMCID: PMC9172899 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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105
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Rouanne M, Adam J, Radulescu C, Letourneur D, Bredel D, Mouraud S, Goubet AG, Leduc M, Chen N, Tan TZ, Signolle N, Bigorgne AE, Dussiot M, Tselikas L, Susini S, Danlos FX, Schneider AK, Chabanon RM, Vacher S, Bièche I, Lebret T, Allory Y, Soria JC, Arpaia N, Kroemer G, Kepp O, Thiery JP, Zitvogel L, Marabelle A. BCG therapy downregulates HLA-I on malignant cells to subvert antitumor immune responses in bladder cancer. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:145666. [PMID: 35503263 PMCID: PMC9197524 DOI: 10.1172/jci145666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with high-risk non muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) frequently relapse after standard intravesical BCG therapy and may have a dismal outcome. Resistance mechanisms to such immunotherapy remain misunderstood. Here, using cancer cell lines, freshly resected human bladder tumors and cohorts of bladder cancer patients pre- and post-BCG therapy, we demonstrate two distinct patterns of immune subversion upon BCG relapse. In the first pattern, intracellular BCG infection of cancer cells induced a post-transcriptional downregulation of HLA-I membrane expression via an inhibition of the autophagy flux. Patients with HLA-I deficient cancer cells post-BCG therapy displayed a myeloid immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristics and dismal outcomes. Conversely, patients with HLA-I proficient cancer cells post-BCG therapy presented with CD8+ T cell tumor infiltrates, upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules. Those patients had a very favorable outcome. We surmise that HLA-I expression in bladder cancers at relapse post-BCG does not result from immunoediting but rather from an immune subversion process directly induced by BCG on cancer cells, which predicts dismal prognosis. Cancer cells HLA-I scoring by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining can be easily implemented by pathologists in routine practice in order to stratify future urothelial cancer patient treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julien Adam
- Inserm U1186, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marion Leduc
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Noah Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York City, United States Minor Outlying Islands
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sophie Vacher
- Department of Genetics, Pharmacogenomics Unit, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Ivan Bièche
- Department of Genetics, Pharmacogenomics Unit, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Yves Allory
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Foch, Suresnes, France
| | | | - Nicholas Arpaia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York City, United States Minor Outlying Islands
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | - Aurélien Marabelle
- Department of Therapeutic Innovation and Early Trials, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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106
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Summerauer AM, Jäggi V, Ogwang R, Traxel S, Colombo L, Amundsen E, Eyer T, Subramanian B, Fehr J, Mantel P, Idro R, Bürgler S. Epstein-Barr virus and malaria upregulate AID and APOBEC3 enzymes, but only AID seems to play a major mutagenic role in Burkitt lymphoma. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1273-1284. [PMID: 35503749 PMCID: PMC7613445 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202249820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL) is characterized by an oncogenic IGH/c‐MYC translocation and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) positivity, and is epidemiologically linked to Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Both EBV and malaria are thought to contribute to eBL by inducing the expression of activation‐induced cytidine deaminase (AID), an enzyme involved in the IGH/c‐MYC translocation. AID/apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalytic polypeptide‐like (AID/APOBEC) family enzymes have recently emerged as potent mutagenic sources in a variety of cancers, but apart from AID, their involvement in eBL and their regulation by EBV and P. falciparum is unknown. Here, we show that upon inoculation with EBV, human B cells strongly upregulate the expression of enzymatically active APOBEC3B and APOBEC3G. In addition, we found significantly increased levels of APOBEC3A in B cells of malaria patients, which correlated with parasite load. Interestingly, despite the fact that APOBEC3A, APOBEC3B, and APOBEC3G caused c‐MYC mutations when overexpressed in HEK293T cells, a mutational enrichment in eBL tumors was only detected in AID motifs. This suggests that even though the EBV‐ and P. falciparum‐directed immune response triggers the expression and activity of several AID/APOBEC members, only the upregulation of AID has oncogenic consequences, while the induction of the APOBEC3 subfamily may primarily have immunoprotective functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. Summerauer
- Experimental Infectious Diseases and Cancer Research, Children's Research CenterUniversity Children's Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital EpidemiologyUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Vera Jäggi
- Experimental Infectious Diseases and Cancer Research, Children's Research CenterUniversity Children's Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Rodney Ogwang
- College of Health SciencesMakerere UniversityKampalaUganda
- Centre of Tropical NeuroscienceKitgum SiteKampalaUganda
- KEMRI‐Wellcome Trust Research ProgrammeCentre for Geographic Medicine CoastKilifiKenya
| | - Sabrina Traxel
- Experimental Infectious Diseases and Cancer Research, Children's Research CenterUniversity Children's Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Lorenzo Colombo
- Experimental Infectious Diseases and Cancer Research, Children's Research CenterUniversity Children's Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Eivind Amundsen
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Tatjana Eyer
- Experimental Infectious Diseases and Cancer Research, Children's Research CenterUniversity Children's Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Bibin Subramanian
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Science and MedicineUniversity of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
| | - Jan Fehr
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital EpidemiologyUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Pierre‐Yves Mantel
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Science and MedicineUniversity of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
| | - Richard Idro
- College of Health SciencesMakerere UniversityKampalaUganda
- Centre of Tropical NeuroscienceKitgum SiteKampalaUganda
| | - Simone Bürgler
- Experimental Infectious Diseases and Cancer Research, Children's Research CenterUniversity Children's Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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107
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Identification of an immune gene-associated prognostic signature in patients with bladder cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:494-504. [PMID: 35169299 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00438-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A deeper understanding of the interaction between tumor cell and the immune microenvironment in bladder cancer may help select predictive and prognostic biomarkers. The current study aims to construct a prognostic signature for bladder cancer by analysis of molecular characteristics, as well as tumor-immune interactions. RNA-sequencing and clinical information from bladder cancer patients were downloaded from the TCGA database. The single sample Gene Sets Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) and Cell type Identification by Estimating Relative Subsets of RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT) were employed to separate the samples into two clusters. Lasso Cox regression was performed to construct an immune gene signature for bladder cancer. The correlation between key target genes of immune checkpoint blockade and the prognostic signature was also analyzed. Dataset from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was retrieved for validation. Two immunophenotypes and immunological characteristics were identified, and a 17-immune gene signature was constructed to provide an independent prognostic signature for bladder cancer. The signature was verified through external validation and correlated with genomic characteristics and clinicopathologic features. Finally, a nomogram was generated from the clinical characteristics and immune signature. Our study reveals a tumor-immune microenvironment signature useful for prognosis in bladder cancer. The results provide information on the potential development of treatment strategies for bladder cancer patients. Prospective studies are warranted to validate the prognostic capability of this model, but these data highlight the role of the microenvironment in the clinical outcome of patients.
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108
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Cytokeratin 5/6 expression in pT1 bladder cancer predicts intravesical recurrence in patients treated with bacillus Calmette–Guérin instillation. Pathology 2022; 54:700-706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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109
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Comparative Outcomes of Primary Versus Recurrent High-risk Non–muscle-invasive and Primary Versus Secondary Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer After Radical Cystectomy: Results from a Retrospective Multicenter Study. EUR UROL SUPPL 2022; 39:14-21. [PMID: 35528782 PMCID: PMC9068727 DOI: 10.1016/j.euros.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radical cystectomy (RC) is indicated in primary or secondary muscle-invasive bladder cancer (primMIBC, secMIBC) and in primary or recurrent high- or very high-risk non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (primHR-NMIBC, recHR-NMIBC). The optimal timing for RC along the disease spectrum of nonmetastatic urothelial carcinoma remains unclear. Objective To compare outcomes after RC between patients with primHR-NMIBC, recHR-NMIBC, primMIBC, and secMIBC. Design, setting, and participants This retrospective, multicenter study included patients with clinically nonmetastatic bladder cancer (BC) treated with RC. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis We assessed oncological outcomes for patients who underwent RC according to the natural history of their BC. primHR-NMIBC and primMIBC were defined as no prior history of BC, and recHR-NMIBC and secMIBC as previously treated NMIBC that recurred or progressed to MIBC, respectively. Log-rank analysis was used to compare survival outcomes, and univariable and multivariable Cox and logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors for survival. Results and limitations Among the 908 patients included, 211 (23%) had primHR-NMIBC, 125 (14%) had recHR-NMIBC, 404 (44%) had primMIBC, and 168 (19%) had secMIBC. Lymph node involvement and pathological upstaging were more frequent in the secMIBC group than in the other groups (p < 0.001). The median follow-up was 37 mo. The 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS) were 77.9%, 83.2%, and 72.7% in primHR-NMIBC, 60.0%, 59%, and 48.9% in recHR-NMIBC, 60.9%, 64.5%, and 54.8% in primMIBC, and 41.3%, 46.5%, and 39% in secMIBC, respectively, with statistically significant differences across all survival outcomes except between recHR-NMIBC and primMIBC. On multivariable Cox regression, recHR-NMIBC was independently associated with shorter RFS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.64; p = 0.03), CSS (HR 1.79; p = 0.01), and OS (HR 1.45; p = 0.03), and secMIBC was associated with shorter CSS (HR 1.77; p = 0.01) and OS (HR 1.57; p = 0.006). Limitations include the biases inherent to the retrospective study design. Conclusions Patients with recHR-NMIBC and primHR-MIBC had similar survival outcomes, while those with sec-MIBC had the worst outcomes. Therefore, early radical intervention may be indicated in selected patients, and potentially neoadjuvant systemic therapies in some patients with recHR-NMIBC. Patient summary We compared cancer outcomes in different bladder cancer scenarios in a large, multinational series of patients who underwent removal of the bladder with curative intent. We found that patients who experienced recurrence of non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) had similar survival outcomes to those with initial muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), while patients who experienced progression of NMIBC to MIBC had the worst outcomes. Selected patients with non–muscle-invasive disease may benefit from early radical surgery or from perioperative chemotherapy or immunotherapy.
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110
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Wan L, Zhang L, Sun P, Han L, Zhang H, Zhu B, Wang B. Association between UBAC2 gene polymorphism and the risk of noise-induced hearing loss: a cross-sectional study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:32947-32958. [PMID: 35020141 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18360-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this article was to investigate the association between the ubiquitin-associated domain-containing protein 2 (UBAC2) gene polymorphism and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) and to further explore the role of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in UBAC2 in NIHL. A case control study involving 660 NIHL cases and 581 controls was conducted in this research. After genotyping by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with next-generation sequencing, the correlation between SNPs and NIHL was analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Haplotype analysis was performed by Haploview 4.1 software. Then luciferase reporter assays and siRNA were used to explore the mechanism of SNPs in UBAC2 affecting NIHL susceptibility. The correlation analysis showed that rs3825427 AA genotype, rs9517701 GG genotype, rs7999348 GG genotype, and rs2296860 AA genotype were all associated with increased risk of NIHL (P < 0.05). The haplotype AGGA (rs3825427-rs9517701-rs7999348-rs2296860) also had a higher risk of NIHL (OR = 1.314; 95% CI, 1.098-1.572; P = 0.003). The results of the luciferase reporter assays showed that the fluorescence intensity of CTCF-OE + UBAC2 WT + TK was significantly higher than that of CTCF-NC + UBAC2 WT + TK and CTCF-OE + UBAC2 MT + TK (all P < 0.01). In CTCF knockdown cells, the expression of UBAC2 was also significantly downregulated (P = 0.0038), indicating that the transcription factor CTCF positively regulated the expression of UBAC2 and the rs3825427 C allele acted as an enhancer, which can promote CTCF to bind to the promoter of UBAC2, thereby promoting transcription. UBAC2 gene polymorphism is related to NIHL susceptibility. The UBAC2 rs3825427 regulates the expression level of UBAC2 by affecting the combination of CTCF and DNA, thus affecting the susceptibility of NIHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Wan
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No.172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ludi Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No.172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No.172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Han
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No.172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hengdong Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No.172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No.172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Boshen Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No.172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
- Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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111
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Zhang Q, Tan Y, Zhang J, Shi Y, Qi J, Zou D, Ci W. Pyroptosis-Related Signature Predicts Prognosis and Immunotherapy Efficacy in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:782982. [PMID: 35479097 PMCID: PMC9035667 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.782982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis has profound impacts on tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis and is of great clinical significance for different cancers. However, the role of pyroptosis in the progression and prognosis of muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) remains poorly characterized. Here, we collected multicenter MIBC data and performed integrated analysis to dissect the role of pyroptosis in MIBC and provide an optimized treatment for this disease. Based on transcriptomic data, we developed a novel prognostic model named the pyroptosis-related gene score (PRGScore), which summarizes immunological features, genomic alterations, and clinical characteristics associated with the pyroptosis phenotype. Samples with high PRGScore showed enhancement in CD8+ T cell effector function, antigen processing machinery and immune checkpoint and better response to immunotherapy by programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors, which indicates that PRGScore is a valuable signature in the identification of populations sensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Collectively, our study provides insights into further research targeting pyroptosis and its tumor immune microenvironment (TME) and offers an opportunity to optimize the treatment of MIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, China National Center for Bioinformation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yezhen Tan
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, China National Center for Bioinformation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianye Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, China National Center for Bioinformation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Qi
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, China National Center for Bioinformation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daojia Zou
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, China National Center for Bioinformation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weimin Ci
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, China National Center for Bioinformation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Weimin Ci,
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112
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di Meo NA, Loizzo D, Pandolfo SD, Autorino R, Ferro M, Porta C, Stella A, Bizzoca C, Vincenti L, Crocetto F, Tataru OS, Rutigliano M, Battaglia M, Ditonno P, Lucarelli G. Metabolomic Approaches for Detection and Identification of Biomarkers and Altered Pathways in Bladder Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084173. [PMID: 35456991 PMCID: PMC9030452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomic analysis has proven to be a useful tool in biomarker discovery and the molecular classification of cancers. In order to find new biomarkers, and to better understand its pathological behavior, bladder cancer also has been studied using a metabolomics approach. In this article, we review the literature on metabolomic studies of bladder cancer, focusing on the different available samples (urine, blood, tissue samples) used to perform the studies and their relative findings. Moreover, the multi-omic approach in bladder cancer research has found novel insights into its metabolic behavior, providing excellent start-points for new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Metabolomics data analysis can lead to the discovery of a “signature pathway” associated with the progression of bladder cancer; this aspect could be potentially valuable in predictions of clinical outcomes and the introduction of new treatments. However, further studies are needed to give stronger evidence and to make these tools feasible for use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Antonio di Meo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation-Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (N.A.d.M.); (D.L.); (M.R.); (M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Davide Loizzo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation-Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (N.A.d.M.); (D.L.); (M.R.); (M.B.); (P.D.)
- Division of Urology, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Health, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (S.D.P.); (R.A.)
| | - Savio Domenico Pandolfo
- Division of Urology, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Health, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (S.D.P.); (R.A.)
- Division of Urology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Autorino
- Division of Urology, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Health, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (S.D.P.); (R.A.)
| | - Matteo Ferro
- Division of Urology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Camillo Porta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Alessandro Stella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Cinzia Bizzoca
- Department of General Surgery “Ospedaliera”, Polyclinic Hospital of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.B.); (L.V.)
| | - Leonardo Vincenti
- Department of General Surgery “Ospedaliera”, Polyclinic Hospital of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.B.); (L.V.)
| | - Felice Crocetto
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Octavian Sabin Tataru
- I.O.S.U.D., George Emil Palade University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Monica Rutigliano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation-Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (N.A.d.M.); (D.L.); (M.R.); (M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Michele Battaglia
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation-Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (N.A.d.M.); (D.L.); (M.R.); (M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Pasquale Ditonno
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation-Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (N.A.d.M.); (D.L.); (M.R.); (M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Giuseppe Lucarelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation-Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (N.A.d.M.); (D.L.); (M.R.); (M.B.); (P.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Iakymenko OA, Briski LM, Delma KS, Jorda M, Kryvenko ON. Utility of D2-40, Cytokeratin 5/6, and High-Molecular-weight Cytokeratin (Clone 34βE12) in Distinguishing Intraductal Spread of Urothelial Carcinoma From Prostatic Stromal Invasion. Am J Surg Pathol 2022; 46:454-463. [PMID: 34560681 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Intraductal spread of urothelial carcinoma (UC) is not an uncommon finding in bladder cancer that requires appropriate clinical management. The presence of prostatic stromal invasion in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer upstages the disease, necessitating cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy and subsequent cystroprostatectomy. However, the identification of prostatic stromal invasion can be challenging, especially in biopsy and transurethral resection specimens. We assess the utility of D2-40, CK5/6, and high-molecular-weight cytokeratin (HMWCK) immunohistochemistry as an ancillary tool to differentiate prostatic stromal invasion from intraductal UC spread. We reviewed 13 cystoprostatectomies performed for UC with prostatic involvement. The presence of stromal invasion was histologically determined by the presence of circumferential retraction artifact, paradoxical differentiation, complex architecture, and desmoplastic reaction. The areas of interest were subsequently stained with D2-40, CK5/6, and HMWCK (clone 34βE12). Four bladder biopsies were used as a control to assess labeling in the benign urothelium. Nine cases had histologic evidence of prostatic stromal invasion (4 transmurally through bladder wall). D2-40 highlighted basal cells in all benign prostatic ducts and was consistently negative in UC, benign urothelium, prostatic adenocarcinoma, and benign luminal prostatic epithelium. D2-40 and CK5/6 performed similarly for intraductal UC, labeling only the basal cell layer with the exception of 1 case with squamous differentiation where CK5/6 exhibited full thickness staining. HMWCK diffusely stained 9 of 10 intraductal UCs without squamous differentiation and 1 intraductal UC with squamous differentiation. All 8 cases of invasive UC without squamous differentiation were negative for D2-40. Seven of these cases had focal CK5/6 and diffuse HMWCK staining. In 1 case of invasive UC with squamous differentiation, all stains were positive. D2-40 is expressed in prostatic basal cells, but it is not expressed in the benign or neoplastic urothelium. D2-40 and CK5/6 effectively highlight the intraductal spread of UC. While invasive UC is negative for D2-40, CK5/6 is usually patchy and localized to the periphery of the tumor nests. HMWCK often demonstrates diffuse staining in both scenarios. However, these stains do not perform well in cases of UC with squamous differentiation. Thus, D2-40 can be used as an ancillary tool to rule out prostatic stromal invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurence M Briski
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | | | - Merce Jorda
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Urology
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Oleksandr N Kryvenko
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Urology
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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114
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Gu H, Liang C. Construction and Validation of a 15-Top-prognostic-gene-based Signature to Indicate the Dichotomized Clinical Outcome and Response to Targeted Therapy for Bladder Cancer Patients. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:725024. [PMID: 35433683 PMCID: PMC9009041 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.725024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical outcome of heterogeneous bladder cancer (BCa) is impacted by varying molecular characteristics and clinical features, and new molecular classification is necessary to recognize patients with dichotomized prognosis. We enrolled a total of 568 BCa patients from the TCGA-BLCA and GSE13507 cohorts. A total of 107 candidate genes, which were mostly involved in the extracellular matrix-associated pathway, were first selected through the consensus value of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Furthermore, absolute shrinkage and selection operation regression analysis was implemented to reveal the 15 genes and establish the prognostic signature. The newly defined prognostic signature could precisely separate BCa patients into subgroups with favorable and poor prognosis in the training TCGA-BLCA cohort (p < 0.001, HR = 2.41, and 95% CI: 1.76–3.29), as well as the testing GSE13507 cohort (p < 0.001, HR = 7.32, and 95% CI: 1.76–3.29) and external validation E-MTAB-4321 cohort (p < 0.001, HR = 10.56, 95% CI: 3.208–34.731). Multivariate Cox analysis involving the signature and clinical features indicated that the signature is an independent factor for the prediction of BCa prognosis. We also explored potential targeted therapy for BCa patients with high- or low-risk scores and found that patients with high risk were more suitable for chemotherapy with gemcitabine, doxorubicin, cisplatin, paclitaxel, and vinblastine (all p < 0.05), but anti-PD-L1 therapy was useless. We knocked down HEYL with siRNAs in T24 and 5,637 cells, and observed the decreased protein level of HEYL, and inhibited cell viability and cell invasion. In summary, we proposed and validated a 15-top-prognostic gene-based signature to indicate the dichotomized prognosis and response to targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Gu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Urology, East District of First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Feidong People’s Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Chaozhao Liang,
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Wang T, Niu X, Zhong B. Molecular classification of patients with NMIBC predicts the efficacy of intravesical chemotherapy with pirarubicin, pharmorubicin and gemcitabine-immunohistochemistry-based classification. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2022; 52:642-649. [PMID: 35348732 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
To investigate the relationships between non-muscle invasive bladder cancer molecular subtypes and predict the efficacy of intravesical chemotherapy with pirarubicin, pharmorubicin and gemcitabine.
Methods
A total of 160 patients with T1 stage non-muscle invasive bladder cancer were enrolled in this study. Fifty-three patients underwent anthracycline (Pirarubicin and Pharmorubicin) therapy and 107 patients accepted gemcitabine therapy. Uroplakin II and CK20 were categorized as immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers for luminal subtype, whereas CK5/6 and CD44 were categorized as immunohistochemistry markers for basal subtype. The cluster results with immunohistochemical score indicated that non-muscle invasive bladder cancer can be subgrouped into three major classes.
Results
Class 2 showed the luminal-like characteristics, whereas class 3 showed the basal-like characteristics. Class 1 showed no high expression of luminal or basal-associated immunohistochemistry markers. The molecular subtype is an independent risk factor for recurrence-free survival (P = 0.030) and progression-free survival (P = 0.006) in patients with T1 stage non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. In class 1 and class 2 (luminal-like) subtypes, gemcitabine and anthracycline show no difference in recurrence-free survival and progression-free survival. Gemcitabine was associated with reduced recurrence compared with anthracycline (P = 0.039) in class 3 (basal-like) subtypes and show no difference in decreasing progression.
Conclusions
The molecular classification based on immunohistochemical results is an independent risk factor for the prognosis of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer with T1 stage. Different therapeutic methods should be selected according to different molecular subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaobing Niu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Zhong
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
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116
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Monteiro CRDA, Korkes F, Krutman-Zveibil D, Glina S. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene (FGFR3) mutations in high-grade muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer in a Brazilian population: evaluation and prevalence. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2022; 20:eAO6450. [PMID: 35384983 PMCID: PMC8967311 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2022ao6450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To understand the feasibility of FGFR3 tests in the Brazilian public health context, and to sample the mutational burden of this receptor in high-grade muscle invasive bladder cancer. Methods A total of 31 patients with high-grade muscle-invasive bladder cancer were included in the present study. Either transurethral resection of bladder tumor or radical cystectomy specimens were analyzed. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were sectioned, hematoxylin and eosin stained, and histologic sections were reviewed. Total RNA was extracted using the RNeasy DSP formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded kit. Qualitative results were displayed in Rotor-Gene AssayManager software. Results Six patients were excluded. From the samples analyzed, four (16.7%) were considered inadequate and could not have their RNA extracted. Two patients presented FGFR3 mutations, accounting for 9.5% of material available for adequate analysis. The two mutations detected included a Y373C mutation in a male patient and a S249C mutation in a female patient. Conclusion FGFR3 mutations could be analyzed in 84% of our cohort and occurred in 9.5% of patients with high-grade muscle invasive bladder cancer in this Brazilian population. FGFR3 gene mutations are targets for therapeutic drugs in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. For this reason, know the frequency of these mutations can have a significant impact on public health policies and costs provisioning.
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Huang TL, Chang CR, Chien CY, Huang GK, Chen YF, Su LJ, Tsai HT, Lin YS, Fang FM, Chen CH. DRP1 contributes to head and neck cancer progression and induces glycolysis through modulated FOXM1/MMP12 axis. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:2585-2606. [PMID: 35313071 PMCID: PMC9251862 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal DRP1 expression has been identified in a variety of human cancers. However, the prognostic potential and mechanistic role of DRP1 in head and neck cancer (HNC) are currently poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated a significant upregulation of DRP1 in HNC tissues, and that DRP1 expression correlates with poor survival of HNC patients. Diminished DRP1 expression suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in both in vitro and in vivo models. DRP1 expression was positively correlated with FOXM1 and MMP12 expression in HNC patient samples, suggesting pathological relevance in the context of HNC development. Moreover, DRP1 depletion affected aerobic glycolysis through the downregulation of glycolytic genes, and overexpression of MMP12 in DRP1‐depleted cells could help restore glucose consumption and lactate production. Using ChIP‐qPCR, we showed that DRP1 modulates FOXM1 expression, which can enhance MMP12 transcription by binding to its promoter. We also showed that miR‐575 could target 3’UTR of DRP1 mRNA and suppress DRP1 expression. Collectively, our study provides mechanistic insights into the role of DRP1 in HNC and highlights the potential of targeting the miR‐575/DRP1/FOXM1/MMP12 axis as a novel therapy for the prevention of HNC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Lin Huang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Kaohsiung Chang Gung Head and Neck Oncology Group, Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chuang-Rung Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yen Chien
- Kaohsiung Chang Gung Head and Neck Oncology Group, Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Gong-Kai Huang
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fan Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jen Su
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Education and Research Center for Technology Assisted Substance Abuse Prevention and Management, and Core Facilities for High Throughput Experimental Analysis, National Central University, Taoyuan County, Jhongli City, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ting Tsai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fu-Min Fang
- Kaohsiung Chang Gung Head and Neck Oncology Group, Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Han Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Luo Y, Tao T, Tao R, Huang G, Wu S. Single-Cell Transcriptome Comparison of Bladder Cancer Reveals Its Ecosystem. Front Oncol 2022; 12:818147. [PMID: 35265520 PMCID: PMC8899594 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.818147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder carcinoma (BLCA) is a highly heterogeneous disease, and the underlying biological behavior is still poorly understood. Here, single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on four clinical samples of different grades from three patients, and 26,792 cell transcriptomes were obtained revealing different tumor ecosystems. We found that N-glycan biosynthesis pathway was activated in high-grade tumor, but TNF-related pathway was activated in cystitis glandularis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) of different samples showed great heterogeneity. Notably, cystitis glandularis was dominated by T cells, low-grade and high-grade tumors by macrophages, while TME in patient with high-grade relapse by stromal cells. Our research provides single-cell transcriptome profiles of cystitis glandularis and BLCA in different clinical states, and the biological program revealed by single-cell data can be used as biomarkers related to clinical prognosis in independent cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Luo
- Institute of Urological Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Institute of Urological Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ran Tao
- Institute of Urological Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guixiao Huang
- Institute of Urological Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Song Wu
- Institute of Urological Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Urology, The Affiliated South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Su F, Liu M, Zhang W, Tang M, Zhang J, Li H, Zou L, Zhang R, Liu Y, Li L, Ma J, Zhang Y, Chen M, Xiao F. Bacillus Calmette–Guérin Treatment Changes the Tumor Microenvironment of Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:842182. [PMID: 35311085 PMCID: PMC8930202 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.842182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) is currently the most effective intravesical therapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) as it can prevent disease recurrence and progression and lower mortality. However, the response rates to BCG vary widely and are dependent on a multitude of factors. Methods We performed a systematic discovery by analyzing the whole exome sequence, expression profile, and immune repertoire sequence of treatment-naive and 5-year time-serial relapsed tumors from 24 NMIBC patients. Results BCG therapy showed bidirectional effects on tumor evolution and immune checkpoint landscape, along with a significant reduction of the percentage of neoantigen burden. In addition, a remarkable proportion of subclonal mutations were unique to the matched pre- or post-treatment tumors, suggesting the presence of BCG-induced and/or spatial heterogeneity. In the relapsed tumors, we identified and validated a shift in the mutational signatures in which mutations associated with aristolochic acid (AA) exposure were enriched, implying AA may be associated with tumor recurrence. Enhanced expressions of immune checkpoint regulation genes were found in the relapsed tumors, suggesting that the combination of immune checkpoint with BCG treatment may be an effective strategy to treat NMIBC. TCR sequencing revealed treatment-associated changes in the T-cell repertoire in the primary and relapsed tumors. Conclusion Our results provide insight into the genomic and immune dynamics of tumor evolution with BCG treatment, suggest new mechanisms of BCG resistance, and inform the development of clinically relevant biomarkers and trials of potential immune checkpoint inhibitor combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Su
- Clinical Biobank, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hexin Li
- Clinical Biobank, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lihui Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yudong Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Center for Biotherapy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Cancer Hospital & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqun Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yaqun Zhang, ; Meng Chen, ; Fei Xiao,
| | - Meng Chen
- National Cancer Data Center, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Cancer Hospital & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yaqun Zhang, ; Meng Chen, ; Fei Xiao,
| | - Fei Xiao
- Clinical Biobank, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yaqun Zhang, ; Meng Chen, ; Fei Xiao,
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Xia Y, Wang X, Liu Y, Shapiro E, Lepor H, Tang MS, Sun TT, Wu XR. PKM2 Is Essential for Bladder Cancer Growth and Maintenance. Cancer Res 2022; 82:571-585. [PMID: 34903602 PMCID: PMC8857058 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) has been shown to promote tumorigenesis by facilitating the Warburg effect and enhancing the activities of oncoproteins. However, this paradigm has recently been challenged by studies in which the absence of PKM2 failed to inhibit and instead accelerated tumorigenesis in mouse models. These results seem inconsistent with the fact that most human tumors overexpress PKM2. To further elucidate the role of PKM2 in tumorigenesis, we investigated the effect of PKM2 knockout in oncogenic HRAS-driven urothelial carcinoma. While PKM2 ablation in mouse urothelial cells did not affect tumor initiation, it impaired the growth and maintenance of HRAS-driven tumors. Chemical inhibition of PKM2 recapitulated these effects. Both conditions substantially reduced complex formation of PKM2 with STAT3, their nuclear translocation, and HIF1α- and VEGF-related angiogenesis. The reduction in nuclear STAT3 in the absence of PKM2 also correlated with decreased autophagy and increased apoptosis. Time-controlled, inducible PKM2 overexpression in simple urothelial hyperplasia did not trigger tumorigenesis, while overexpression of PKM2, but not PKM1, in nodular urothelial hyperplasia with angiogenesis strongly accelerated tumorigenesis. Finally, in human patients, PKM2 was overexpressed in low-grade nonmuscle-invasive and high-grade muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Based on these data, PKM2 is not required for tumor initiation but is essential for tumor growth and maintenance by enhancing angiogenesis and metabolic addiction. The PKM2-STAT3-HIF1α/VEGF signaling axis may play a critical role in bladder cancer and may serve as an actionable therapeutic target. SIGNIFICANCE Genetic manipulation and pharmacologic inhibition of PKM2 in mouse urothelial lesions highlight its essential role in promoting angiogenesis and metabolic addiction, events indispensable for tumor growth and maintenance.
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MESH Headings
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus/genetics
- Animals
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Autophagy/genetics
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/metabolism
- Pyruvate Kinase/genetics
- Pyruvate Kinase/metabolism
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/metabolism
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xia
- Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
- Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, Manhattan Campus, New York, NY 10010
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
- Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, Manhattan Campus, New York, NY 10010
| | - Ellen Shapiro
- Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Herbert Lepor
- Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Moon-shong Tang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Tung-Tien Sun
- Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Xue-Ru Wu
- Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
- Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, Manhattan Campus, New York, NY 10010
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121
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Adjuvant therapies for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: advances during BCG shortage. World J Urol 2022; 40:1111-1124. [PMID: 35083522 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-021-03908-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) represents a significant global therapeutic challenge, particularly in the era of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) shortage. High-risk NMIBC can progress to muscle invasive or metastatic disease in 25% of patients. Optimal treatment selection, according to risk stratification, is imperative. International guidelines slightly differ in their categorisation of low, intermediate and high-risk NMIBC. Nonetheless, a single post-operative instillation of chemotherapy with Mitomycin C (MMC) or Gemcitabine improves relapse-free survival (RFS) in low-risk NMIBC. Induction and maintenance intravesical BCG remains the historical gold standard for patients with intermediate or high-risk NMIBC. However, clinicians may be forced to consider alternatives given the current BCG shortage. Both intravesical MMC and Gemcitabine have been associated with similar efficacy to BCG, albeit in smaller studies. MMC may also be manipulated using a variety of methods to potentiate its effects. BCG treatment delivery may also be modified without affecting efficacy through dose reduction and abbreviation or omission of maintenance therapy. Preliminary data also highlight that directly proceeding to radical cystectomy may not adversely affect long-term quality of life measures. Access to new systemic and intravesical therapies must be prioritised for patients with BCG recurrent or unresponsive disease. When used in conjunction with molecularly defined biomarkers, these agents herald the potential for improved survival outcomes and alleviation of the current BCG shortage.
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122
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Eray A, Erkek-Özhan S. Classification of bladder cancer cell lines according to regulon activity. Turk J Biol 2022; 45:656-666. [PMID: 35068946 PMCID: PMC8733949 DOI: 10.3906/biy-2107-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most frequent cancers and causes more than 150.000 deaths each year. During the last decade, several studies provided important aspects about genomic characterization, consensus subgroup definition, and transcriptional regulation of bladder cancer. Still, much more research needs to be done to characterize molecular signatures of this cancer in depth. At this point, the use of bladder cancer cell lines is quite useful for the identification and test of new signatures. In this study, we classified the bladder cancer cell lines according to the activities of regulons implicated in the regulation of primary bladder tumors. Our regulon gene expression-based classification revealed three groups, neuronal-basal (NB), luminal-papillary (LP), and basal-squamous (BS). These regulon gene expression-based classifications showed a quite good concordance with the consensus subgroups assigned by the primary bladder cancer classifier. Importantly, we identified FGFR1 regulon to be involved in the characterization of the NB group, where neuroendocrine signature genes were significantly upregulated, and further β-catenin was shown to have significantly higher nuclear localization. LP groups were mainly driven by the regulons ERBB2, FOXA1, GATA3, and PPARG, and they showed upregulation of the genes involved in epithelial differentiation and urogenital development, while the activity of EGFR, FOXM1, STAT3, and HIF1A was implicated for the regulation of BS group. Collectively, our results and classifications may serve as an important guide for the selection and use of bladder cancer cell lines for experimental strategies, which aim to manipulate regulons critical for bladder cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleyna Eray
- İzmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, İzmir Turkey.,Dokuz Eylül University İzmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, İzmir Turkey
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123
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Shang D, Liu Y, Chen Z. Exosome-Transmitted miR-128 Targets CCL18 to Inhibit the Proliferation and Metastasis of Urothelial Carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:760748. [PMID: 35059433 PMCID: PMC8764124 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.760748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the regulatory function of exosome-transmitted miR-128 and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 18 (CCL18) on urothelial carcinomas (UCs). Methods: Tumor tissues, paracancerous tissues, and serum were collected from 20 patients with UCs (diagnosed at Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University). CCL18 was detected by immunohistochemistry and ELISA. PCR was used to measure the expression levels of CCL18 and mir-183, miR-128, mir-33a in UCs. We acquired exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells and synthesized exosomes overexpressing miR-128 (HMSC-128-EV). The effects of miR-128 on the migration and invasion abilities, apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of BUC T24 cells were investigated by co-culturing HMSC-128-EV. The therapeutic potential of miR-128 on disease models was explored by injecting HMSC-128-EV into nude mice. Results: The expression of CCL18 in UCs was significantly higher than that in normal tissues (p < 0.05), and the serum level of CCL18 in patients with UC was significantly increased compared with those in healthy controls (p < 0.05). CCL18 overexpression or downregulation enhanced or suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of BUC T24 cells, resectively (p < 0.05). The exosome-transmitted miR-128 can inhibit cell proliferation (p < 0.05), invasion (p < 0.05), and migration (p < 0.05) in UCs, and these effects can be reversed by CCL18. In terms of apoptosis, miR-128 was able to promote the occurrence of BUC T24 apoptosis (p < 0.05), which can also be reversed by CCL18. In addition, miR-128 can inhibit the proliferation (p < 0.05) and metastasis (p < 0.05) of UCs in nude mice. Conclusion: The miR-128 inhibits the proliferation, invasion, migration of UCs, and promotes its apoptosis by regulating CCL18 secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghao Shang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Department of Pathology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenghao Chen
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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124
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Development of a CAFs-related gene signature to predict survival and drug response in bladder cancer. Hum Cell 2022; 35:649-664. [PMID: 35044630 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00673-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As one of important components of tumor microenvironment, CAFs (cancer-associated fibroblasts) play a vital role in the development and metastasis of bladder cancer. The present study aimed to develop a CAFs-related gene signature to predict the prognosis of patients and the response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy based on research of multidatabase. Expression data and clinical information were obtained from TCGA and GEO databases. Different bioinformatic and statistical methods were combined to construct the robust CAFs-related gene signature for prognosis. The model was explored from four aspects: single-cell source, immune infiltration, correlation with cancer-related genes and pathways, and prediction of drug response. After screening, five genes (BNC2, LAMA2, MFAP5, NID1, and OLFML1) related to CAFs were used for constructing the signature to divide patients into high- and low-risk groups. Patients in low-risk group had better prognosis and multidatabase analysis confirmed the predictive value. The five genes were mainly expressed by fibroblasts and involved in regulation of pathways related with glycolysis, hypoxia, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). BNC2, LAMA2, and NID1 were strongly associated with drug sensitivity. Moreover, the immunological status was different between high- and low-risk groups. High-risk patients had poor response to chemotherapy or immunotherapy. The CAFs-related gene signature might help to optimize risk stratification and provide a new insight in individual treatment for bladder cancer.
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125
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Huang T, Li J, Wang SM. Core promoter mutation contributes to abnormal gene expression in bladder cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:68. [PMID: 35033028 PMCID: PMC8761283 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer is one of the most mortal cancers. Bladder cancer has distinct gene expression signature, highlighting altered gene expression plays important roles in bladder cancer etiology. However, the mechanism for how the regulatory disorder causes the altered expression in bladder cancer remains elusive. Core promoter controls transcriptional initiation. We hypothesized that mutation in core promoter abnormality could cause abnormal transcriptional initiation thereby the altered gene expression in bladder cancer. METHODS In this study, we performed a genome-wide characterization of core promoter mutation in 77 Spanish bladder cancer cases. RESULTS We identified 69 recurrent somatic mutations in 61 core promoters of 62 genes and 28 recurrent germline mutations in 20 core promoters of 21 genes, including TERT, the only gene known with core promoter mutation in bladder cancer, and many oncogenes and tumor suppressors. From the RNA-seq data from bladder cancer, we observed altered expression of the core promoter-mutated genes. We further validated the effects of core promoter mutation on gene expression by using luciferase reporter gene assay. We also identified potential drugs targeting the core promoter-mutated genes. CONCLUSIONS Data from our study highlights that core promoter mutation contributes to bladder cancer development through altering gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Huang
- Cancer Center and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Jiaheng Li
- Cancer Center and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - San Ming Wang
- Cancer Center and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau.
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126
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Effect of prior radiation on stage, differentiation, and survival in bladder cancer. World J Urol 2022; 40:719-725. [PMID: 34988649 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-021-03901-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinically significant differences in radiation-related bladder tumors are not well-characterized, and survival analyses are needed. In this study, we aimed to utilize a national cancer database to evaluate the effect of prior radiation on tumor characteristics and survival in bladder cancer patients. METHODS The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 9 database was queried to identify patients diagnosed with bladder cancer as a second malignancy. Patients having undergone radiation prior to developing bladder cancer were selected for comparative analysis. Logistic regression was used to generate odds ratios to evaluate differences in differentiation, stage, grade, and tumor size. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox non-proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the association between previous radiation and bladder cancer survival. RESULTS A total of 25,408 patients were identified, of which 14,570 patients had sufficient data for analysis. Of these, 5968 (41.0%) received radiation for their primary malignancy. Prior radiation conferred a lower risk of developing moderately- or poorly-differentiated bladder tumors and muscle invasive or node-positive disease. An increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma was noted (OR 1.43, CI 1.06-1.93). Prior radiation led to an increased risk of bladder cancer-specific (HR 1.13, CI 1.03-1.24) mortality at 5 years. The greatest effect of prior radiation was an increased risk of bladder cancer-specific mortality for carcinoma in situ at 5 years (OR 2.37, CI 1.45-3.86). CONCLUSION Prior radiation is associated with lower grade and stage of bladder tumors in addition to worse cancer-specific survival.
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127
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Molecular pathology of the non-luminal Ba/Sq-like and Sc/NE-like classes of urothelial tumours: an integrated immunohistochemical analysis. Hum Pathol 2022; 122:11-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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128
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Hurst CD, Cheng G, Platt FM, Castro MAA, Marzouka NADS, Eriksson P, Black EVI, Alder O, Lawson ARJ, Lindskrog SV, Burns JE, Jain S, Roulson JA, Brown JC, Koster J, Robertson AG, Martincorena I, Dyrskjøt L, Höglund M, Knowles MA. Stage-stratified molecular profiling of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer enhances biological, clinical, and therapeutic insight. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100472. [PMID: 35028613 PMCID: PMC8714941 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular determinants that underpin the clinical heterogeneity of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is essential for prognostication and therapy development. Stage T1 disease in particular presents a high risk of progression and requires improved understanding. We present a detailed multi-omics study containing gene expression, copy number, and mutational profiles that show relationships to immune infiltration, disease recurrence, and progression to muscle invasion. We compare expression and genomic subtypes derived from all NMIBCs with those derived from the individual disease stages Ta and T1. We show that sufficient molecular heterogeneity exists within the separate stages to allow subclassification and that this is more clinically meaningful for stage T1 disease than that derived from all NMIBCs. This provides improved biological understanding and identifies subtypes of T1 tumors that may benefit from chemo- or immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn D Hurst
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Guo Cheng
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Fiona M Platt
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Mauro A A Castro
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Pontus Eriksson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emma V I Black
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Olivia Alder
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Andrew R J Lawson
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Sia V Lindskrog
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julie E Burns
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Sunjay Jain
- Pyrah Department of Urology, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Jo-An Roulson
- Department of Histopathology, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Joanne C Brown
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Jan Koster
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Gordon Robertson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Center, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Inigo Martincorena
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Lars Dyrskjøt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mattias Höglund
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Margaret A Knowles
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
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129
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Lai H, Cheng X, Liu Q, Luo W, Liu M, Zhang M, Miao J, Ji Z, Lin GN, Song W, Zhang L, Bo J, Yang G, Wang J, Gao WQ. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the epithelial cell heterogeneity and invasive subpopulation in human bladder cancer. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:2099-2115. [PMID: 34480339 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer represents a highly heterogeneous disease characterized by distinct histological, molecular and clinical phenotypes, and a detailed analysis of tumor cell invasion and crosstalks within bladder tumor cells has not been determined. Here, we applied droplet-based single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to acquire transcriptional profiles of 36 619 single cells isolated from seven patients. Single cell transcriptional profiles matched well with the pathological basal/luminal subtypes. Notably, in T1 tumors diagnosed as luminal subtype, basal cells displayed characteristics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mainly located at the tumor-stromal interface as well as micrometastases in the lamina propria. In one T3 tumor, muscle-invasive tumor showed significantly higher expression of cancer stem cell markers SOX9 and SOX2 than the primary tumor. We additionally analyzed communications between tumor cells and demonstrated its relevance to basal/luminal phenotypes. Overall, our single-cell study provides a deeper insight into the tumor cell heterogeneity associated with bladder cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huadong Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juju Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongzhong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guan Ning Lin
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weichen Song
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianhua Zhang
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juanjie Bo
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoliang Yang
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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130
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Budina A, Farahani SJ, Lal P, Nayak A. Subcategorization of T1 Bladder Cancer on Biopsy and Transurethral Resection Specimens for Predicting Progression. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2021; 146:1131-1139. [PMID: 34871364 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2021-0175-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Despite continued surveillance and intravesical therapy, a significant subset of patients with lamina propria-invasive bladder cancer (T1) will progress to muscle-invasive disease or metastases. OBJECTIVE.— To analyze the value of pathologic subcategorization of T1 disease in predicting progression. DESIGN.— Six substaging methods were applied to a retrospective cohort of 73 patients, with pT1 urothelial carcinoma diagnosed on biopsy/transurethral resection. Additionally, the immunohistochemistry for GATA3 and cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6) was performed to study the prognostic value of stratifying T1 cancers into luminal or basal phenotypes. RESULTS.— On follow-up (mean, 46 months), 21 (29%) experienced at least 1 recurrence without progression, and 16 (22%) had progression to muscle-invasive disease and/or distant metastasis. No differences were noted between progressors and nonprogressors with regard to sex, age, treatment status, medical history, tumor grade, and presence of carcinoma in situ. Substaging using depth of invasion (cutoff ≥1.4 mm), largest invasive focus (≥3.6 mm), aggregate linear length of invasion (≥8.9 mm), and number of invasive foci (≥3 foci) correlated significantly with progression and reduced progression-free survival, whereas invasion into muscularis mucosa or vascular plexus, or focal versus extensive invasion (focal when ≤2 foci, each <1 mm) failed. Patients with luminal tumors had higher incidence of progression than those with nonluminal tumors (27% versus 11%), although the difference was statistically insignificant (P = .14). CONCLUSIONS.— Substaging of T1 bladder cancers should be attempted in pathology reports. Quantifying the number of invasive foci (≥3) and/or measuring the largest contiguous focus of invasive carcinoma (≥3.6 mm) are practical tools for prognostic substaging of T1 cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Budina
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Budina, Farahani, Lal, Nayak)
| | - Sahar J Farahani
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Budina, Farahani, Lal, Nayak).,Farahani is currently located at the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Stony Brook University, Long Island, New York
| | - Priti Lal
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Budina, Farahani, Lal, Nayak).,and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Lal, Nayak)
| | - Anupma Nayak
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Budina, Farahani, Lal, Nayak).,and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Lal, Nayak)
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131
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Li X, Wang Z, Fu Y, Cheng X, Zhang Y, Fan B, Zhu C, Chen Z. Two ubiquitin-associated ER proteins interact with COPT copper transporters and modulate their accumulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2469-2484. [PMID: 34618061 PMCID: PMC8644684 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contains an elaborate protein quality control network that promotes protein folding and prevents accumulation of misfolded proteins. Evolutionarily conserved UBIQUITIN-ASSOCIATED DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 2 (UBAC2) is involved in ER-associated protein degradation in metazoans. We have previously reported that two close UBAC2 homologs from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) not only participate in selective autophagy of ER components but also interact with plant-specific PATHOGEN-ASSOCIATED MOLECULAR PATTERN (PAMP)-INDUCED COILED COIL (PICC) protein to increase the accumulation of POWDERY MILDEW-RESISTANT 4 callose synthase. Here, we report that UBAC2s also interacted with COPPER (Cu) TRANSPORTER 1 (COPT1) and plasma membrane-targeted members of the Cu transporter family. The ubac2 mutants were significantly reduced in both the accumulation of COPT proteins and Cu content, and also displayed increased sensitivity to a Cu chelator. Therefore, UBAC2s positively regulate the accumulation of COPT transporters, thereby increasing Cu uptake by plant cells. Unlike with POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE 4, however, the positive role of UBAC2s in the accumulation of COPT1 is not dependent on PICC or the UBA domain of UBAC2s. When COPT1 was overexpressed under the CaMV 35S promoter, the increased accumulation of COPT1 was strongly UBAC2-dependent, particularly when a signal peptide was added to the N-terminus of COPT1. Further analysis using inhibitors of protein synthesis and degradation strongly suggested that UBAC2s stabilize newly synthesized COPT proteins against degradation by the proteasome system. These results indicate that plant UBAC2s are multifunctional proteins that regulate the degradation and accumulation of specific ER-synthesized proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifeng Li
- College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou,
Zhejiang 310018, China
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2054, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2054, USA
| | - Yunting Fu
- College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou,
Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2054, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2054, USA
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000,
China
| | - Baofang Fan
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2054, USA
| | - Cheng Zhu
- College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou,
Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Zhixiang Chen
- College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou,
Zhejiang 310018, China
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2054, USA
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132
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Genomic Features of Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer Arising After Prostate Radiotherapy. Eur Urol 2021; 81:466-473. [PMID: 34953602 PMCID: PMC9018481 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is a rare but serious event following definitive radiation for prostate cancer. Radiation-associated MIBC (RA-MIBC) can be difficult to manage given the challenges of delivering definitive therapy to a previously irradiated pelvis. The genomic landscape of RA-MIBC and whether it is distinct from non-RA-MIBC are unknown. OBJECTIVE To define mutational features of RA-MIBC and compare the genomic landscape of RA-MIBC with that of non-RA-MIBC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We identified patients from our institution who received radiotherapy for prostate cancer and subsequently developed MIBC. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS We performed whole exome sequencing of bladder tumors from RA-MIBC patients. Tumor genetic alterations including mutations, copy number alterations, and mutational signatures were identified and were compared with genetic features of non-RA-MIBC. We used the Kaplan-Meier method to estimate recurrence-free (RFS) and overall (OS) survival. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS We identified 19 RA-MIBC patients with available tumor tissue (n = 22 tumors) and clinical data. The median age was 76 yr, and the median time from prostate cancer radiation to RA-MIBC was 12 yr. The median RFS was 14.5 mo and the median OS was 22.0 mo. Compared with a cohort of non-RA-MIBC analyzed in parallel, there was no difference in tumor mutational burden, but RA-MIBCs had a significantly increased number of short insertions and deletions (indels) consistent with previous radiation exposure. We identified mutation signatures characteristic of APOBEC-mediated mutagenesis, aging, and homologous recombination deficiency. The frequency of mutations in many known bladder cancer genes, including TP53, KDM6A, and RB1, as well as copy number alterations such as CDKN2A loss was similar in RA-MIBC and non-RA-MIBC. CONCLUSIONS We identified unique mutational properties that likely contribute to the distinct biological and clinical features of RA-MIBC. PATIENT SUMMARY Bladder cancer is a rare but serious diagnosis following radiation for prostate cancer. We characterized genetic features of bladder tumors arising after prostate radiotherapy, and identify similarities with and differences from bladder tumors from patients without previous radiation.
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133
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Giudici N, Bonne F, Blarer J, Minoli M, Krentel F, Seiler R. Characteristics of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma in the context of bladder cancer: a narrative review. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:4036-4050. [PMID: 34804846 PMCID: PMC8575564 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-1472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Urothelial carcinomas (UC) arise from the urothelium that covers the proximal urethra, urinary bladder, and the upper urinary tract. In daily routine and clinical trials UC originating from different locations are often treated and investigated in the same manner. However, differences between the two locations seem to be apparent and may question in handling them as a single oncologic entity. In this review we discuss similarities and differences between bladder and upper urinary tract UC and consider their potential impact on treatment strategies. Despite similarities of UC in the bladder (BC) and the upper urinary tract (UTUC), clinicopathologic and molecular differences may question to generally assemble both as a single tumor entity. Treatment standards for UTUC are often adopted from BC. However, a specific investigation in the former may still be meaningful as shown by the example of adjuvant cisplatin based chemotherapy. In conclusion, future investigations should prioritize the understanding of the tumor biology of both BC and UTUC. This may reveal which UTUC can be treated according to treatment standards of BC and in which cases, a separate approach may be more appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Giudici
- Department of Urology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fieke Bonne
- Department of Urology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Blarer
- Department of Urology, Hospital Center Biel/Bienne, Biel/Bienne, Switzerland
| | - Martina Minoli
- Department of Urology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Friedemann Krentel
- Department of Urology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roland Seiler
- Department of Urology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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134
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Wang W, Xu SW, Teng Y, Zhu M, Guo QY, Wang YW, Mao XL, Li SW, Luo WD. The Dark Side of Pyroptosis of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Mediating the Specific Inflammatory Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:779123. [PMID: 34805183 PMCID: PMC8602351 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.779123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a common aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). While combined chemotherapy has improved the outcomes of DLBCL, it remains a highly detrimental disease. Pyroptosis, an inflammatory programmed cell death, is considered to have both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing effects. The role of pyroptosis in DLBCL has been gradually appreciated, but its value needs further investigation. Methods: We analyzed mutations and copy number variation (CNV) alterations of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort and evaluated the differences in expression in normal B cells and DLBCL patients in two Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets (GSE12195 and GSE56315). Based on the expression of 52 PRGs, we divided 421 DLBCL patients from the GSE31312 dataset into distinct clusters using consensus clustering. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to prognosis among the three clusters, and GSVA was used to explore differences in the biological functions. ESTIMATE and single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) were used to analyze the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) in different clusters. A risk score signature was developed using a univariate survival analysis and multivariate regression analysis, and the reliability and validity of the signature were verified. By combining the signature with clinical factors, a nomogram was established to predict the prognosis of DLBCL patients. The alluvial diagram and correlation matrix were used to explore the relationship between pyroptosis risk score, clinical features and TME. Results: A large proportion of PRGs are dysregulated in DLBCL and associated with the prognosis. We found three distinct pyroptosis-related clusters (cluster A, B, and C) that differed significantly with regard to the prognosis, biological process, clinical characteristics, chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity, and TME. Furthermore, we developed a risk score signature that effectively differentiates high and low-risk patients. The nomogram combining this signature with several clinical indicators showed an excellent ability to predict the prognosis of DCBCL patients. Conclusions: This work demonstrates that pyroptosis plays an important role in the diversity and complexity of the TME in DLBCL. The risk signature of pyroptosis is a promising predictive tool. A correct and comprehensive assessment of the mode of action of pyroptosis in individuals will help guide more effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Shi-Wen Xu
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Ya Teng
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Qun-Yi Guo
- Department of Hematology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques and Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Yuan-Wen Wang
- Department of Hematology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques and Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Xin-Li Mao
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques and Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Shao-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques and Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Wen-da Luo
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Department of Hematology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques and Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
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135
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Kim R, Hong JY, Lee J, Kwon GY, Jeong BC, Park SH. Genomic Sequencing for Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma and Its Clinical Implications for Immunotherapy. Cancer Res Treat 2021; 54:894-906. [PMID: 34793662 PMCID: PMC9296940 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2021.854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to explore the genomic and transcriptomic landscape of bladder cancer (BC) and its implication for treatment with an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI). Materials and Methods We analyzed whole-exome and -transcriptome sequences of tumor samples from 64 BC patients who underwent surgical resection with either transurethral resection or radical cystectomy. For exploratory purposes, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression was evaluated in a subset of patients (n=57) including those treated with ICI (n=8). Results We identified frequent molecular dysregulations in chromatin regulatory genes (KDM6A, ARID1A, MLL2, and STAG2) and recurrent copy number alterations. Thirty-five samples (54.7%) were PD-L1–positive (PD-L1 combined positive score ≥ 1) with a significantly higher exonic tumor mutational burden (TMB) compared to PD-L1–negative BC samples (p=0.010). We observed that various immune-responsive pathways, including the PD-L1 signaling pathway, were enriched significantly in PD-L1–positive BCs. Interestingly, genes in the CTLA4 pathway were enriched significantly in PD-L1–positive BC as well. Among eight patients who received ICI, progressive disease was confirmed in one patient, whose tumor had low exonic TMB, negative PD-L1 status, and a relatively colder microenvironment. Conclusion Gaining new insights into the molecular landscape of BC will improve treatment strategies. Our analysis suggests a rationale for studying dual checkpoint inhibition against BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryul Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Yong Hong
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ghee Young Kwon
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byong Chang Jeong
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Hoon Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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136
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Cai H, Chen H, Huang Q, Zhu JM, Ke ZB, Lin YZ, Zheng QS, Wei Y, Xu N, Xue XY. Ubiquitination-Related Molecular Subtypes and a Novel Prognostic Index for Bladder Cancer Patients. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1609941. [PMID: 34776794 PMCID: PMC8585742 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1609941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To develop and validate ubiquitination-related molecular subtypes and a novel prognostic index using ubiquitination-related genes (URGs) for patients with bladder cancer (BCa). Materials and Methods: We downloaded the clinical data and transcriptome data of BCa from TCGA and GEO database. Consensus clustering analysis was conducted to identify ubiquitination-related molecular subtypes for BCa. Besides, we performed univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis to develop a novel prognostic URGs-related index for BCa. We conducted internal and external verification in TCGA cohort and GEO cohort, respectively. Furthermore, the associations of ubiquitination-related molecular subtypes and prognostic index with tumor immune environment were also investigated. Results: A total of four ubiquitination-related molecular subtypes of BCa were finally identified. These four molecular subtypes had significantly different clinical characteristics, prognosis, PD-L1 expression level and tumor microenvironment. Besides, we developed a novel prognostic index using six URGs (including HLA-A, TMEM129, UBE2D1, UBE2N, UBE2T and USP5). The difference in OS between high and low-risk group was statistically significant in training cohort, testing cohort, and validating cohort. The area under ROC curve (AUC) for OS prediction was 0.736, 0.723, and 0.683 in training cohort, testing cohort, and validating cohort, respectively. Multivariate survival analysis showed that this index was an independent predictor for OS. This prognostic index was especially suitable for subtype 1 and 3, older, male, high grade, AJCC stage III-IV, stage N0, stage T3-4 BCa patients. Conclusions: This study identified a total of four ubiquitination-related molecular subtypes with significantly different tumor microenvironment, prognosis, clinical characteristics and PD-L1 expression level. Besides, a novel ubiquitination-related prognostic index for BCa patients was developed and successfully verified, which performed well in predicting prognosis of BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Cai
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hang Chen
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun-Ming Zhu
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Ke
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yun-Zhi Lin
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qing-Shui Zheng
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yong Wei
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xue-Yi Xue
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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137
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Wang H, Mei Y, Luo C, Huang Q, Wang Z, Lu GM, Qin L, Sun Z, Huang CW, Yang ZW, Chen J, Yin W, Qian CN, Zeng J, Chen L, Leng Q, Guo Y, Jia G. Single-Cell Analyses Reveal Mechanisms of Cancer Stem Cell Maintenance and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Recurrent Bladder Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:6265-6278. [PMID: 34526362 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bladder cancer treatment remains a major clinical challenge due to therapy resistance and a high recurrence rate. Profiling intratumor heterogeneity can reveal the molecular mechanism of bladder cancer recurrence. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing and Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) on tumors from 13 patients with low recurrence risk, high recurrence risk, and recurrent bladder cancer. RESULTS Our study generated a comprehensive cancer-cell atlas consisting of 54,971 single cells and identified distinct cell subpopulations. We found that the cancer stem-cell subpopulation is enriched during bladder cancer recurrence with elevated expression of EZH2. We further defined a subpopulation-specific molecular mechanism whereby EZH2 maintains H3K27me3-mediated repression of the NCAM1 gene, thereby inactivating the cell invasive and stemness transcriptional program. Furthermore, taking advantage of this large single-cell dataset, we elucidated the spectrum of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in clinical samples and revealed distinct EMT features associated with bladder cancer subtypes. We identified that TCF7 promotes EMT in corroboration with single-cell ATAC with high-throughput sequencing (scATAC-seq) analysis. Additionally, we constructed regulatory networks specific to recurrent bladder cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our study and analytic approaches herein provide a rich resource for the further study of cancer stem cells and EMT in the bladder cancer research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanjun Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Mei
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qun Huang
- Department of Urology, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities Affiliated Hospital, Baise, China
| | - Zifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guan-Ming Lu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities Affiliated Hospital, Baise, China
| | - Lili Qin
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhun Sun
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao-Wen Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junxing Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiguo Yin
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao-Nan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Zeng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Lingwu Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qibin Leng
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China. .,The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Guangshuai Jia
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China. .,The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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138
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Richart L, Lapi E, Pancaldi V, Cuenca-Ardura M, Pau ECDS, Madrid-Mencía M, Neyret-Kahn H, Radvanyi F, Rodríguez JA, Cuartero Y, Serra F, Le Dily F, Valencia A, Marti-Renom MA, Real FX. STAG2 loss-of-function affects short-range genomic contacts and modulates the basal-luminal transcriptional program of bladder cancer cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:11005-11021. [PMID: 34648034 PMCID: PMC8565347 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cohesin exists in two variants containing STAG1 or STAG2. STAG2 is one of the most mutated genes in cancer and a major bladder tumor suppressor. Little is known about how its inactivation contributes to tumorigenesis. Here, we analyze the genomic distribution of STAG1 and STAG2 and perform STAG2 loss-of-function experiments using RT112 bladder cancer cells; we then analyze the genomic effects by integrating gene expression and chromatin interaction data. Functional compartmentalization exists between the cohesin complexes: cohesin-STAG2 displays a distinctive genomic distribution and mediates short and mid-ranged interactions that engage genes at higher frequency than those established by cohesin-STAG1. STAG2 knockdown results in down-regulation of the luminal urothelial signature and up-regulation of the basal transcriptional program, mirroring differences between STAG2-high and STAG2-low human bladder tumors. This is accompanied by rewiring of DNA contacts within topological domains, while compartments and domain boundaries remain refractive. Contacts lost upon depletion of STAG2 are assortative, preferentially occur within silent chromatin domains, and are associated with de-repression of lineage-specifying genes. Our findings indicate that STAG2 participates in the DNA looping that keeps the basal transcriptional program silent and thus sustains the luminal program. This mechanism may contribute to the tumor suppressor function of STAG2 in the urothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Richart
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eleonora Lapi
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research Network (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vera Pancaldi
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain.,Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 Inserm, ERL5294 CNRS, 31037 Toulouse, France.,University Paul Sabatier III, Toulouse, France
| | - Mirabai Cuenca-Ardura
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Madrid-Mencía
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain.,Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 Inserm, ERL5294 CNRS, 31037 Toulouse, France.,University Paul Sabatier III, Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Neyret-Kahn
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75005 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France
| | - François Radvanyi
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75005 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Juan Antonio Rodríguez
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yasmina Cuartero
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - François Serra
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - François Le Dily
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfonso Valencia
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc A Marti-Renom
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco X Real
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research Network (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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139
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López-Cortés R, Vázquez-Estévez S, Fernández JÁ, Núñez C. Proteomics as a Complementary Technique to Characterize Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215537. [PMID: 34771699 PMCID: PMC8582709 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although immunohistochemistry is a routine technique in clinics, and genomics has been rapidly incorporated, proteomics is a step behind. This general situation is also the norm in bladder cancer research. This review shows the contributions of proteomics to the molecular classification of bladder cancer, and to the study of histopathology due to tissue insults caused by tumors. Furthermore, the importance of proteomics for understanding the cellular and molecular changes as a consequence of the therapy of bladder cancer cannot be neglected. Abstract Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common tumor of the urinary tract and is conventionally classified as either non-muscle invasive or muscle invasive. In addition, histological variants exist, as organized by the WHO-2016 classification. However, innovations in next-generation sequencing have led to molecular classifications of BC. These innovations have also allowed for the tracing of major tumorigenic pathways and, therefore, are positioned as strong supporters of precision medicine. In parallel, immunohistochemistry is still the clinical reference to discriminate histological layers and to stage BC. Key contributions have been made to enlarge the panel of protein immunomarkers. Moreover, the analysis of proteins in liquid biopsy has also provided potential markers. Notwithstanding, their clinical adoption is still low, with very few approved tests. In this context, mass spectrometry-based proteomics has remained a step behind; hence, we aimed to develop them in the community. Herein, the authors introduce the epidemiology and the conventional classifications to review the molecular classification of BC, highlighting the contributions of proteomics. Then, the advances in mass spectrometry techniques focusing on maintaining the integrity of the biological structures are presented, a milestone for the emergence of histoproteomics. Within this field, the review then discusses selected proteins for the comprehension of the pathophysiological mechanisms of BC. Finally, because there is still insufficient knowledge, this review considers proteomics as an important source for the development of BC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén López-Cortés
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti (HULA), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), 27002 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Sergio Vázquez-Estévez
- Oncology Division, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti (HULA), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), 27002 Lugo, Spain; (S.V.-E.); (J.Á.F.)
| | - Javier Álvarez Fernández
- Oncology Division, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti (HULA), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), 27002 Lugo, Spain; (S.V.-E.); (J.Á.F.)
| | - Cristina Núñez
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti (HULA), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), 27002 Lugo, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Molecular Classification of Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma Using NanoString-Based Gene Expression Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215500. [PMID: 34771663 PMCID: PMC8583679 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Our study aimed to apply a quantitative method based on mRNA counting as nCounter (NanoString Technologies, Inc). This method can obtain precise and accurate measures of RNA expression compared to RT-PCR, and which might represent an alternative to the NGS-genomic/transcriptomic profiling frequently used to generate molecular data in bladder cancer and provide clinically meaningful datasets for the molecular classification of bladder cancer. The current study generated a four-gene classifier, incorporating GATA3 and KRT20 (typically related to luminal molecular subtype) and KRT5 and KRT14 (typically related to basal molecular subtype). This methodology allowed us to explore differences in clinicopathologic parameters and potential sensitivities to ICI immunotherapy in a cohort series of 91 urothelial carcinomas of the bladder. Abstract Molecular classification of bladder carcinoma is a relevant topic in modern bladder cancer oncology due to its potential to improve oncological outcomes. The available molecular classifications are generally based on transcriptomic profiles, generating highly diverse categories with limited correlation. Implementation of molecular classification in practice is typically limited due to the high complexity of the required technology, the elevated costs, and the limited availability of this technology worldwide. We have conducted a gene expression analysis using a four-gene panel related to luminal and basal subtypes in a series of 91 bladder cancer cases. NanoString-based gene expression analysis using typically luminal (GATA3+/KRT20+) and basal markers (KRT14+/KRT5+/GATA3low/-/KRT20low/-) classified urothelial bladder carcinoma samples as luminal, basal, and a third category (KRT14-/KRT5-/GATA3-/KRT20-), null/double negative (non-luminal/non-basal). These three categories were meaningful in terms of overall cancer-specific survival (p < 0.0001) or when classified as conventional urothelial carcinoma and variant histology urothelial carcinoma (p < 0.0001), NMIBC vs. MIBC (p < 0.001), or by AJCC stage category Ta (p = 0.0012) and T1 (p < 0.0001) but did not reach significance in T2-T4 (p = 0.563). PD-L1 expression (low vs. high) was also different according to molecular subtype, with high PD-L1 expression mostly seen in basal and null subtypes and carcinomas with variant histology (p = 0.002). Additionally, the luminal subtype was enriched in NMIBC with favorable cancer-specific survival (p < 0.0001). In contrast, basal and null subtypes resulted in aggressive MIBC tumors with shorter cancer-specific survival (p < 0.0001), some of which presented variant histology. In conclusion, a comprehensive evaluation of a gene classifier related to molecular taxonomy using NanoString technology is feasible. Therefore, it might represent an accessible and affordable tool in this rapidly expanding area of precision genomics.
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Jackson CL, Chen L, Hardy CS, Ren KY, Visram K, Bratti VF, Johnstone J, Sjödahl G, Siemens DR, Gooding RJ, Berman DM. Diagnostic and prognostic implications of a three-antibody molecular subtyping algorithm for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2021; 8:143-154. [PMID: 34697907 PMCID: PMC8822375 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsic molecular subtypes may explain marked variation between bladder cancer patients in prognosis and response to therapy. Complex testing algorithms and little attention to more prevalent, early‐stage (non‐muscle invasive) bladder cancers (NMIBCs) have hindered implementation of subtyping in clinical practice. Here, using a three‐antibody immunohistochemistry (IHC) algorithm, we identify the diagnostic and prognostic associations of well‐validated proteomic features of basal and luminal subtypes in NMIBC. By IHC, we divided 481 NMIBCs into basal (GATA3−/KRT5+) and luminal (GATA3+/KRT5 variable) subtypes. We further divided the luminal subtype into URO (p16 low), URO‐KRT5+ (KRT5+), and genomically unstable (GU) (p16 high) subtypes. Expression thresholds were confirmed using unsupervised hierarchical clustering. Subtypes were correlated with pathology and outcomes. All NMIBC cases clustered into the basal/squamous (basal) or one of the three luminal (URO, URO‐KRT5+, and GU) subtypes. Although uncommon in this NMIBC cohort, basal tumors (3%, n = 16) had dramatically higher grade (100%, n = 16, odds ratio [OR] = 13, relative risk = 3.25) and stage, and rapid progression to muscle invasion (median progression‐free survival = 35.4 months, p = 0.0001). URO, the most common subtype (46%, n = 220), showed rapid recurrence (median recurrence‐free survival [RFS] = 11.5 months, p = 0.039) compared to its GU counterpart (29%, n = 137, median RFS = 16.9 months), even in patients who received intravesical immunotherapy (p = 0.049). URO‐KRT5+ tumors (22%, n = 108) were typically low grade (66%, n = 71, OR = 3.7) and recurred slowly (median RFS = 38.7 months). Therefore, a simple immunohistochemical algorithm can identify clinically relevant molecular subtypes of NMIBC. In routine clinical practice, this three‐antibody algorithm may help clarify diagnostic dilemmas and optimize surveillance and treatment strategies for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea L Jackson
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Lina Chen
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Céline Sc Hardy
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin Ym Ren
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Kash Visram
- Department of Urology, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Vanessa F Bratti
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jeannette Johnstone
- Department of Urology, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Gottfrid Sjödahl
- Division of Urologic Research, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Robert Siemens
- Department of Urology, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Robert J Gooding
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - David M Berman
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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142
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Tumor Heterogeneity and Consequences for Bladder Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215297. [PMID: 34771460 PMCID: PMC8582570 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bladder cancer is a heterogeneous disease that is composed of epithelia with varying transcriptional, mutational and lineage signatures. The epithelia of bladder tumors can also undergo pronounced changes in transcriptional and phenotypical qualities in response to progression, treatment related stresses and cues from the tumor microenvironment (TME). We hypothesize that changes in epithelial tumor heterogeneity (EpTH) occur due to the evolving content of epithelial subpopulations through both Darwinian and Lamarckian-like natural selection processes. We further conjecture that lineage-defined subpopulations can change through nongenomic and genomic cellular mechanisms that include cellular plasticity and acquired driver mutations, respectively. We propose that such processes are dynamic and contribute towards clinical treatment challenges including progression to drug resistance. In this article, we assess mechanisms that may support dynamic tumor heterogeneity with the overall goal of emphasizing the application of these concepts to the clinical setting. Abstract Acquired therapeutic resistance remains a major challenge in cancer management and associates with poor oncological outcomes in most solid tumor types. A major contributor is tumor heterogeneity (TH) which can be influenced by the stromal; immune and epithelial tumor compartments. We hypothesize that heterogeneity in tumor epithelial subpopulations—whether de novo or newly acquired—closely regulate the clinical course of bladder cancer. Changes in these subpopulations impact the tumor microenvironment including the extent of immune cell infiltration and response to immunotherapeutics. Mechanisms driving epithelial tumor heterogeneity (EpTH) can be broadly categorized as mutational and non-mutational. Mechanisms regulating lineage plasticity; acquired cellular mutations and changes in lineage-defined subpopulations regulate stress responses to clinical therapies. If tumor heterogeneity is a dynamic process; an increased understanding of how EpTH is regulated is critical in order for clinical therapies to be more sustained and durable. In this review and analysis, we assess the importance and regulatory mechanisms governing EpTH in bladder cancer and the impact on treatment response.
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143
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KIFC1 Is Associated with Basal Type, Cisplatin Resistance, PD-L1 Expression and Poor Prognosis in Bladder Cancer. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10214837. [PMID: 34768355 PMCID: PMC8584707 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10214837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinesin family member C1 (KIFC1), a minus end-directed motor protein, is reported to play an essential role in cancer. This study aimed to analyze KIFC1 expression and examine KIFC1 involvement in cisplatin resistance in bladder cancer (BC). Immunohistochemistry showed that 37 of 78 (47.4%) BC cases were positive for KIFC1. KIFC1-positive cases were associated with high T stage and lymph node metastasis. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that KIFC1-positive cases were associated with poor prognosis, consistent with the results from public databases. Molecular classification in several public databases indicated that KIFC1 expression was increased in basal type BC. Immunohistochemistry showed that KIFC1-positive cases were associated with basal markers 34βE12, CK5 and CD44. KIFC1 expression was increased in altered TP53 compared to that in wild-type TP53. Immunohistochemistry showed that KIFC1-positive cases were associated with p53-positive cases. P53 knockout by CRISPR-Cas9 induced KIFC1 expression in BC cell lines. Knockdown of KIFC1 by siRNA increased the sensitivity to cisplatin in BC cells. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that prognosis was poor among KIFC1-positive BC patients treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Immunohistochemistry showed that KIFC1-positive cases were associated with PD-L1-positive cases. High KIFC1 expression was associated with a favorable prognosis in patients treated with atezolizumab from the IMvigor 210 study. These results suggest that KIFC1 might be a promising biomarker and therapeutic target in BC.
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144
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Montoya-Cerrillo D, Briski LM, Jorda M, Kryvenko ON. Utility of GATA-3 and Cytokeratin 5/6 Immunostains in Separating Condyloma Acuminatum Arising in the Urinary Tract From Non-Invasive Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma. Int J Surg Pathol 2021; 30:260-264. [PMID: 34665053 DOI: 10.1177/10668969211052235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Condyloma acuminatum is a squamous epithelial lesion which uncommonly involves the urinary tract. In this location, non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma constitutes one of the main differential diagnoses with significant prognostic and therapeutic implications. To date, no ancillary immunohistochemical stain has been described to differentiate these two entities. We assess the utility of cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6) and GATA-3 immunohistochemistry in distinguishing condyloma acuminatum from non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma. Design We reviewed 9 condylomata acuminata involving the urinary tract, 12 low-grade and 8 high-grade non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinomas. CK5/6 immunostaining was performed in all cases. GATA-3 immunostaining and low-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) chromogenic in situ hybridization was performed in all condyloma cases and 2 urothelial carcinomas with squamous differentiation. Results 8/9 condylomata acuminata were positive for low-risk HPV. All condylomata acuminata exhibited strong full-thickness cytoplasmic staining for CK5/6. In 10 of 12 low-grade non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinomas, CK5/6 expression was continuous and limited to the basal cell layer, while it was patchy and limited to the basal cell layer in all 8 high-grade non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinomas. Two low-grade non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinomas showed focal full-thickness CK5/6 expression in the areas of squamous differentiation. These 2 cases were negative for low-risk HPV. GATA-3 immunostaining was positive in all condylomata acuminata. Conclusions CK5/6 immunostaining is a useful and simple tool that can help separate low-grade and high-grade non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinomas from condyloma acuminatum involving the urothelium-lined organs. GATA-3 has no discriminatory role between condyloma acuminatum and papillary urothelial carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Merce Jorda
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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145
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Park S, Rong L, Owczarek TB, Bernardo MD, Shoulson RL, Chua CW, Kim JY, Lankarani A, Chakrapani P, Syed T, McKiernan JM, Solit DB, Shen MM, Al-Ahmadie HA, Abate-Shen C. Novel Mouse Models of Bladder Cancer Identify a Prognostic Signature Associated with Risk of Disease Progression. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5161-5175. [PMID: 34470779 PMCID: PMC8609963 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To study the progression of bladder cancer from non-muscle-invasive to muscle-invasive disease, we have developed a novel toolkit that uses complementary approaches to achieve gene recombination in specific cell populations in the bladder urothelium in vivo, thereby allowing us to generate a new series of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) of bladder cancer. One method is based on the delivery of adenoviruses that express Cre recombinase in selected cell types in the urothelium, and a second uses transgenic drivers in which activation of inducible Cre alleles can be limited to the bladder urothelium by intravesicular delivery of tamoxifen. Using both approaches, targeted deletion of the Pten and p53 tumor suppressor genes specifically in basal urothelial cells gave rise to muscle-invasive bladder tumors. Furthermore, preinvasive lesions arising in basal cells displayed upregulation of molecular pathways related to bladder tumorigenesis, including proinflammatory pathways. Cross-species analyses comparing a mouse gene signature of early bladder cancer with a human signature of bladder cancer progression identified a conserved 28-gene signature of early bladder cancer that is associated with poor prognosis for human bladder cancer and that outperforms comparable gene signatures. These findings demonstrate the relevance of these GEMMs for studying the biology of human bladder cancer and introduce a prognostic gene signature that may help to stratify patients at risk for progression to potentially lethal muscle-invasive disease. SIGNIFICANCE: Analyses of bladder cancer progression in a new series of genetically engineered mouse models has identified a gene signature of poor prognosis in human bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonbum Park
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Lijie Rong
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Tomasz B Owczarek
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Matteo Di Bernardo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Rivka L Shoulson
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Chee-Wai Chua
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Jaime Y Kim
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Amir Lankarani
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Prithi Chakrapani
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Talal Syed
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - James M McKiernan
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - David B Solit
- Departments of Human Oncology and Pathogenesis and Medicine, Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Michael M Shen
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Hikmat A Al-Ahmadie
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Cory Abate-Shen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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146
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Chung WM, Molony RD, Lee YF. Non-stem bladder cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles promote cancer stem cell survival in response to chemotherapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:533. [PMID: 34627375 PMCID: PMC8502272 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02600-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemosenstive non-stem cancer cells (NSCCs) constitute the bulk of tumors and are considered as part of the cancer stem cell (CSC) niche in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate the communication between tumors and the TME. In this study, we sought to investigate the impacts of EVs released by NSCCs on the maintenance of CSC properties and chemoresistance. METHODS We employed murine MB49 bladder cancer (BC) sub-lines representing CSCs and NSCCs as a model system. Chemotherapy drugs were used to treat NSCCs in order to collect conditioned EVs. The impacts of NSCC-derived EVs on CSC progression were evaluated through sphere formation, cytotoxicity, migration, and invasion assays, and by analyzing surface marker expression on these BC cells. Differential proteomic analyses were conducted to identify cargo protein candidates involved in the EV-mediated communication between NSCCs and CSCs. RESULTS NSCC-derived EVs contained cargo proteins enriched in proteostasis-related functions, and significantly altered the development of CSCs such that they were more intrinsically chemoresistant, aggressive, and better able to undergo self-renewal. CONCLUSIONS We thus identified a novel communication mechanism whereby NSCC-EVs can alter the relative fitness of CSCs to promote disease progression and the acquisition of chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Min Chung
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 656, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Ryan D Molony
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 656, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Yi-Fen Lee
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 656, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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147
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Wen L, Britton CJ, Garje R, Darbro BW, Packiam VT. The emerging role of somatic tumor sequencing in the treatment of urothelial cancer. Asian J Urol 2021; 8:391-399. [PMID: 34765446 PMCID: PMC8566359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of rapid genome sequencing has greatly enhanced our understanding of the molecular biology underlying many malignancies. Whole exome sequencing has highlighted the individualistic nature of malignancies on a patient-to-patient basis and begun to revolutionize therapeutic approaches. In recent years, whole genome sequencing of urothelial malignancies has identified a host of somatic mutations which contribute to growth, progression, and metastasis of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and upper tract urothelial carcinoma. As genetic sequencing continues, additional targets will be identified, allowing development of novel therapeutic agents targeting cancer on a molecular level, with the goal of delivering highly individualized care based on the underlying mutational profile of the patient's malignancy. In this review, we aim to discuss known genetic alterations of urothelial malignancy and the implications these mutations carry in terms of prognostication and development of targeted therapeutic agents. We will focus on RNA-expression profiling and genomic DNA profiling, with a focus on comprehensive whole exome and whole genome sequencing relative to selected urothelial carcinoma-associated genes and circulating tumor DNA analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rohan Garje
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Benjamin W. Darbro
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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148
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Ma T, Tian Z, Meng L, Zhang W, Wang J, Liu X, Wang X, Zhang Y. Young age increases the risk of lymph node positivity but improves prognosis in patients with bladder cancer treated via cystectomy: a population-based study. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:3375-3385. [PMID: 34532262 PMCID: PMC8421823 DOI: 10.21037/tau-21-99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Age and lymph node positivity are significant prognostic indicators in patients with bladder cancer. This study aimed to investigate the impact of age on lymph node positivity and bladder cancer outcomes. Methods Patients with bladder cancer who underwent cystectomy with at least one lymph node examined between 2004 and 2015 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Cochran-Armitage trend tests and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between age and lymph node positivity in all T stages. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the effect of age on overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Results Overall, 13,251 patients were identified, 648 of whom were under 50 years of age (4.89%). Lymph node positivity was negatively associated with increasing age in each stage except in non-invasive-muscular bladder cancer. In the multivariable analysis, age was an independent prognostic factor for OS and CSS in both the overall cohort and the lymph node positivity group. Conclusions In patients with bladder cancer undergoing cystectomy, young age at diagnosis is associated with a higher risk of lymph node positivity and superior outcomes. These findings may guide clinicians in selecting suitable treatments, determining the aggressiveness of lymph node involvement, and predicting survival outcomes in patients of different ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Ma
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zijian Tian
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingfeng Meng
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Radiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoguang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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149
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Integrative Transcriptome Profiling Reveals SKA3 as a Novel Prognostic Marker in Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184673. [PMID: 34572901 PMCID: PMC8470398 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 80% of all new bladder cancer patients are diagnosed with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). However, approximately 15% of them progress to muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), for which prognosis is poor. The current study aimed to improve diagnostic accuracy associated with clinical outcomes in NMIBC patients. Nevertheless, it has been challenging to identify molecular biomarkers that accurately predict MIBC progression because this disease is complex and heterogeneous. Through integrative transcriptome profiling, we showed that high SKA3 expression is associated with poor clinical outcomes and MIBC progression. We performed RNA sequencing on human tumor tissues to identify candidate biomarkers in NMIBC. We then selected genes with prognostic significance by analyzing public datasets from multiple cohorts of bladder cancer patients. We found that SKA3 was associated with NMIBC pathophysiology and poor survival. We analyzed public single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data for bladder cancer to dissect transcriptional tumor heterogeneity. SKA3 was expressed in an epithelial cell subpopulation expressing genes regulating the cell cycle. Knockdown experiments confirmed that SKA3 promotes bladder cancer cell proliferation by accelerating G2/M transition. Hence, SKA3 is a new prognostic marker for predicting NMIBC progression. Its inhibition could form part of a novel treatment lowering the probability of bladder cancer progression.
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150
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Zhou X, Kurywchak P, Wolf-Dennen K, Che SP, Sulakhe D, D’Souza M, Xie B, Maltsev N, Gilliam TC, Wu CC, McAndrews KM, LeBleu VS, McConkey DJ, Volpert OV, Pretzsch SM, Czerniak BA, Dinney CP, Kalluri R. Unique somatic variants in DNA from urine exosomes of individuals with bladder cancer. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 22:360-376. [PMID: 34514028 PMCID: PMC8408559 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC), a heterogeneous disease characterized by high recurrence rates, is diagnosed and monitored by cystoscopy. Accurate clinical staging based on biopsy remains a challenge, and additional, objective diagnostic tools are needed urgently. We used exosomal DNA (exoDNA) as an analyte to examine cancer-associated mutations and compared the diagnostic utility of exoDNA from urine and serum of individuals with BC. In contrast to urine exosomes from healthy individuals, urine exosomes from individuals with BC contained significant amounts of DNA. Whole-exome sequencing of DNA from matched urine and serum exosomes, bladder tumors, and normal tissue (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) identified exonic and 3' UTR variants in frequently mutated genes in BC, detectable in urine exoDNA and matched tumor samples. Further analyses identified somatic variants in driver genes, unique to urine exoDNA, possibly because of the inherent intra-tumoral heterogeneity of BC, which is not fully represented in random small biopsies. Multiple variants were also found in untranslated portions of the genome, such as microRNA (miRNA)-binding regions of the KRAS gene. Gene network analyses revealed that exoDNA is associated with cancer, inflammation, and immunity in BC exosomes. Our findings show utility of exoDNA as an objective, non-invasive strategy to identify novel biomarkers and targets for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunian Zhou
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul Kurywchak
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kerri Wolf-Dennen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sara P.Y. Che
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dinanath Sulakhe
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark D’Souza
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bingqing Xie
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Natalia Maltsev
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - T. Conrad Gilliam
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chia-Chin Wu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kathleen M. McAndrews
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Valerie S. LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David J. McConkey
- Johns Hopkins Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Olga V. Volpert
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shanna M. Pretzsch
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bogdan A. Czerniak
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Colin P. Dinney
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- School of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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