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Zhang J, Feng G, Bao G, Xu G, Sun Y, Li W, Wang L, Chen J, Jin H, Cui Z. Nuclear translocation of PKM2 modulates astrocyte proliferation via p27 and -catenin pathway after spinal cord injury. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:2609-18. [PMID: 26151495 PMCID: PMC4613169 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1064203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant functionality of the cell cycle has been implicated in the pathology of traumatic SCI. Although it has been reported that the expressions of various cell cycle related proteins were altered significantly following SCI, detailed information on the subject remains largely unclear. The embryonic pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is an important metabolic kinase in aerobic glycolysis or the warburg effect, however, its functions in central nervous system (CNS) injury remains elusive. Here we demonstrate that PKM2 was not only significantly upregulated by western blot and immunohistochemistry but certain traumatic stimuli also induced translocation of PKM2 into the nucleus in astrocytes following spinal cord injury (SCI). Furthermore, the expression levels and localization of p-β-catenin, p27, cyclin D1 and PCNA were correlated with PKM2 after SCI. In vitro, we also found that PKM2 co-immunoprecipitation with p-β-catenin and p27 respectively. Knockdown of PKM2 apparently decreased the level of PCNA, cyclinD1, p27 in primary astrocyte cells. Taken together, our findings indicate that nuclear translocation of PKM2 promotes astrocytes proliferation after SCI through modulating cell cycle signaling. These discoveries firstly uncovered the role of PKM2 in spinal cord injury and provided a potential therapeutic target for CNS injury and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong University; 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR, China
| | - Guijuan Feng
- Department of Stomatology; Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong; Nantong University; 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR, China
| | - Guofeng Bao
- Department of Spine Surgery; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong University; 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR, China
| | - Guanhua Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong University; 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR, China
| | - Yuyu Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong University; 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR, China
| | - Weidong Li
- Department of Spine Surgery; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong University; 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong University; 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong University; 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR, China
| | - Huricha Jin
- Department of Spine Surgery; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong University; 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR, China
| | - Zhiming Cui
- Department of Spine Surgery; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong University; 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR, China
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Sun S, Chen D, Li X, Qiao S, Shi C, Li C, Shen H, Wang X. Brassinosteroid Signaling Regulates Leaf Erectness in Oryza sativa via the Control of a Specific U-Type Cyclin and Cell Proliferation. Dev Cell 2015; 34:220-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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103
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Soutto M, Peng D, Katsha A, Chen Z, Piazuelo MB, Washington MK, Belkhiri A, Correa P, El-Rifai W. Activation of β-catenin signalling by TFF1 loss promotes cell proliferation and gastric tumorigenesis. Gut 2015; 64:1028-39. [PMID: 25107557 PMCID: PMC4320984 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the role of Trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) in regulating cell proliferation and tumour development through β-catenin signalling using in vivo and in vitro models of gastric tumorigenesis. DESIGN Tff1-knockout (Tff1-KO) mice, immunohistochemistry, luciferase reporter, qRT-PCR, immunoblot, and phosphatase assays were used to examine the role of TFF1 on β-catenin signalling pathway. RESULTS Nuclear localisation of β-catenin with transcriptional upregulation of its target genes, c-Myc and Ccnd1, was detected in hyperplastic tissue at an early age of 4-6 weeks and maintained during all stages of gastric tumorigenesis in the Tff1-KO mice. The reconstitution of TFF1 or TFF1 conditioned media significantly inhibited the β-catenin/T-cell factor (TCF) transcription activity in MKN28 gastric cancer cells. In agreement with these results, we detected a reduction in the levels of nuclear β-catenin with downregulation of c-MYC and CCND1 mRNA. Analysis of signalling molecules upstream of β-catenin revealed a decrease in phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3β (p-GSK3β) (Ser9) and p-AKT (Ser473) protein levels following the reconstitution of TFF1 expression; this was consistent with the increase of p-β-catenin (Ser33/37/Thr41) and decrease of p-β-catenin (Ser552). This TFF1-induced reduction in phosphorylation of GSK3β, and AKT was dependent on protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity. The treatment with okadaic acid or knockdown of PP2A abrogated these effects. Consistent with the mouse data, we observed loss of TFF1 and an increase in nuclear localisation of β-catenin in stages of human gastric tumorigenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that loss of TFF1 promotes β-catenin activation and gastric tumorigenesis through regulation of PP2A, a major regulator of AKT-GSK3β signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Soutto
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - DunFa Peng
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ahmed Katsha
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Maria Blanca Piazuelo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mary Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Abbes Belkhiri
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Pelayo Correa
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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miR-582-5p inhibits proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting CDK1 and AKT3. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:8309-16. [PMID: 26002580 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3582-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs play an important role in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we found that miR-582-5p expression was downregulated in hepatoma tissues and HCC cell lines. Upregulation of miR-582-5p reduced colony number, inhibited cellular proliferation, and arrested cell cycle in G0/G1 phase. When miR-582-5p was inhibited, the colony number was increased and cellular proliferation and cell cycle were promoted. Further studies showed that miR-582-5p regulated the progression of HCC through directly inhibiting the expression of CDK1 and AKT3, and indirectly inhibiting the expression of cyclinD1.
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de Andrade FG, Marie SKN, Uno M, Matushita H, Taricco MA, Teixeira MJ, Rosemberg S, Oba-Shinjo SM. Immunohistochemical expression of cyclin D1 is higher in supratentorial ependymomas and predicts relapses in gross total resection cases. Neuropathology 2015; 35:312-23. [PMID: 25946121 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ependymomas are tumors of the CNS. Although cyclin D1 overexpression has been related to several cancers, its prognostic value in ependymomas has not yet been fully established. We evaluated cyclin D1 expression by an immunohistochemistry analysis of 149 samples of ependymomas, including some relapses, corresponding to 121 patients. Eighty-one patients were adults, 60 were intracranial cases and 92 tumors were grade II. Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in 62% of cases, and relapse was confirmed in 41.4% of cases. Cyclin D1 protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and scored with a labeling index (LI) calculated as the percentage of positively stained cells by intensity. We also analyzed expression of CCND1 and NOTCH1 in 33 samples of ependymoma by quantitative real-time PCR. A correlation between cyclin D1 LI score and anaplastic cases (P < 0.001), supratentorial location (P < 0.001) and age (P = 0.001) were observed. A stratified analysis demonstrated that cyclin D1 protein expression was strong in tumors with a supratentorial location, independent of the histological grade or age. Relapse was more frequent in cases with a higher cyclin D1 LI score (P = 0.046), and correlation with progression-free survival was observed in cases with GTR (P = 0.002). Only spinal canal tumor location and GTR were suggestive markers of PFS in multivarite analyses. Higher expression levels were observed in anaplastic cases for CCND1 (P = 0.002), in supratentorial cases for CCND1 (P = 0.008) and NOTCH1 (P = 0.011). There were correlations between the cyclin D1 mRNA and protein expression levels (P < 0.0001) and between CCND1 and NOTCH1 expression levels (P = 0.003). Higher cyclin D1 LI was predominant in supratentorial location and predict relapse in GTR cases. Cyclin D1 could be used as an immunohistochemical marker to guide follow-up and treatment in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Gonçalves de Andrade
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suely Kazue Nagahashi Marie
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miyuki Uno
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Matushita
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Augusto Taricco
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sergio Rosemberg
- Pathology, Hospital das Clinicas, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sueli Mieko Oba-Shinjo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Breast cancer cell line MCF7 escapes from G1/S arrest induced by proteasome inhibition through a GSK-3β dependent mechanism. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10027. [PMID: 25941117 PMCID: PMC4419540 DOI: 10.1038/srep10027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting the ubiquitin proteasome pathway has emerged as a rational approach in the treatment of human cancers. Autophagy has been described as a cytoprotective mechanism to increase tumor cell survival under stress conditions. Here, we have focused on the role of proteasome inhibition in cell cycle progression and the role of autophagy in the proliferation recovery. The study was performed in the breast cancer cell line MCF7 compared to the normal mammary cell line MCF10A. We found that the proteasome inhibitor MG132 induced G1/S arrest in MCF10A, but G2/M arrest in MCF7 cells. The effect of MG132 on MCF7 was reproduced on MCF10A cells in the presence of the glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) inhibitor VII. Similarly, MCF7 cells overexpressing constitutively active GSK-3β behaved like MCF10A cells. On the other hand, MCF10A cells remained arrested after MG132 removal while MCF7 recovered the proliferative capacity. Importantly, this recovery was abolished in the presence of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA). Thus, our results support the relevance of GSK-3β and autophagy as two targets for controlling cell cycle progression and proliferative capacity in MCF7, highlighting the co-treatment of breast cancer cells with 3-MA to synergize the effect of the proteasome inhibition.
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107
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LIU WEIWEI, HU MIN, WANG YUMEI, SUN BAOZHEN, GUO YU, XU ZHIMIN, LI JIA, HAN BING. Overexpression of interleukin-18 protein reduces viability and induces apoptosis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells by activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β signaling. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:1049-56. [PMID: 25591548 PMCID: PMC4324481 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of interleukin-18 (IL-18) expression on regulating the viability and apoptosis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) cells in vitro and examine the underlying molecular events. Human IL-18 cDNA was cloned into the vector pcDNA3.1 (+) and transfected into CRL-1623™ cells. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR), western blot analysis, immunofluorescence, cell viability MTT assay, flow cytometric Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI), Giemsa staining, and caspase-3 activity assay were performed. The data showed that overexpression of IL-18 protein reduced TSCC cell viability by inducing apoptosis. Compared with cells transfected with the control vector, IL-18 expression activated caspase-3, -7, and -9 by inducing their cleavage and increased the expression of interferon (IFN)-γ and cytochrome c mRNA, but reduced cyclin D1 and A1 expression in TSCC cells. IL-18 expression upregulated the expression and phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β protein in CRL1623 cells, whereas the selective GSK-3β inhibitor kenpaullone antagonized the effects of IL-18 protein on TSCC cells in vitro. The results indicated that IL-18 played an important role in the inhibition of TSCC cell growth and may be further investigated as a novel therapeutic target against TSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- WEIWEI LIU
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - MIN HU
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - YUMEI WANG
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - BAOZHEN SUN
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - YU GUO
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - ZHIMIN XU
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - JIA LI
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - BING HAN
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Bing Han, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qinghua Road, Changchun 130021, P.R. China E-mail:
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108
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Song L, Li Y, He B, Gong Y. Development of Small Molecules Targeting the Wnt Signaling Pathway in Cancer Stem Cells for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2015; 14:133-45. [PMID: 25799881 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) was ranked third in morbidity and mortality in the United States in 2013. Although substantial progress has been made in surgical techniques and postoperative chemotherapy in recent years, the prognosis for colon cancer is still not satisfactory, mainly because of cancer recurrence and metastasis. The latest studies have shown that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play important roles in cancer recurrence and metastasis. Drugs that target CSCs might therefore have great therapeutic potential in prevention of cancer recurrence and metastasis. The wingless-int (Wnt) signaling pathway in CSCs has been suggested to play crucial roles in colorectal carcinogenesis, and has become a popular target for anti-CRC therapy. Dysregulation of the Wnt signaling pathway, mostly by inactivating mutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli tumor suppressor or oncogenic mutations of β-catenin, has been implicated as a key factor in colorectal tumorigenesis. Abnormal increases of β-catenin levels represents a common pathway in Wnt signaling activation and is also observed in other human malignancies. These findings highlight the importance of developing small-molecule drugs that target the Wnt pathway. Herein we provide an overview on the current development of small molecules that target the Wnt pathway in colorectal CSCs and discuss future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Song
- Department of Radiotherapy, the PLA 309 Hospital, Beijing, China; BioChain (Beijing) Science and Technology, Inc, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuemin Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, the PLA 309 Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Baoming He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the PLA 309 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Combination of pan-RAF and MEK inhibitors in NRAS mutant melanoma. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:27. [PMID: 25645078 PMCID: PMC4320814 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0293-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 20% of melanomas contain a mutation in NRAS. However no direct inhibitor of NRAS is available. One of the main signaling pathways downstream of NRAS is the MAPK pathway. In this study we investigated the possibility of blocking oncogenic signaling of NRAS by inhibiting two signaling points in the MAPK pathway. METHODS Fourteen NRAS mutated human melanoma cell lines were treated with a pan-RAF inhibitor (PRi, Amgen Compd A), a MEK inhibitor (MEKi, trametinib) or their combination and the effects on proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, transcription profile and signaling of the cells were investigated. RESULTS The majority of the cell lines showed a significant growth inhibition, with high levels of synergism of the PRi and MEKi combination. Sensitive cell lines showed induction of apoptosis by the combination treatment and there was a correlation between p-MEK levels and synergistic effect of the combination treatment. Proliferation of sensitive cell lines was blocked by the inhibition of the MAPK pathway, which also blocked expression of cyclin D1. However, in resistant cell lines, proliferation was blocked by combined inhibition of the MAPK pathway and cyclin D3, which is not regulated by the MAPK pathway. Resistant cell lines also showed higher levels of p-GSK3β and less perturbation of the apoptotic profile upon the treatment in comparison with the sensitive cell lines. CONCLUSIONS The combination of PRi + MEKi can be an effective regimen for blocking proliferation of NRAS mutant melanomas when there is higher activity of the MAPK pathway and dependence of proliferation and survival on this pathway.
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Abstract
Cancer is still a major health issue worldwide and identifying novel but safe compounds for prevention and treatment is a high priority. Licorice (Glycyrrhiza) is a perennial plant that is cultivated in many countries and has been reported to exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. However, some components of licorice exert unwanted side effects and therefore identifying safer licorice components would be ideal. The anticancer activities of many of the licorice components appear to include cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, and general antioxidant effects. Commonly reported indirect protein targets important in tumorigenesis include many cell cycle-related proteins, apoptosis-associated proteins, MMP proteins, COX-2, GSK-β, Akt, NF-κB, and MAP kinases. Importantly, several licorice components were reported to directly bind to and inhibit the activities of PI3-K, MKK4, MKK7, JNK1, mTOR, and Cdk2, resulting in decreased carcinogenesis in several cell and mouse models with no obvious toxicity. This review focuses on specific components of licorice for which a direct protein target has been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M. Bode
- The Hormel Institute University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN 55912 USA
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel Institute University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN 55912 USA
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111
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Lv C, Qin W, Zhu T, Wei S, Hong K, Zhu W, Chen R, Huang C. Ophiobolin O isolated from Aspergillus ustus induces G1 arrest of MCF-7 cells through interaction with AKT/GSK3β/cyclin D1 signaling. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:431-43. [PMID: 25603341 PMCID: PMC4306945 DOI: 10.3390/md13010431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ophiobolin O is a member of ophiobolin family, which has been proved to be a potent anti-tumor drug candidate for human breast cancer. However, the anti-tumor effect and the mechanism of ophiobolin O remain unclear. In this study, we further verified ophiobolin O-induced G1 phase arrest in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, and found that ophiobolin O reduced the phosphorylation level of AKT and GSK3β, and induced down-regulation of cyclin D1. The inverse docking (INVDOCK) analysis indicated that ophiobolin O could bind to GSK3β, and GSK3β knockdown abolished cyclin D1 degradation and G1 phase arrest. Pre-treatment with phosphatase inhibitor sodium or thovanadate halted dephosphorylation of AKT and GSK3β, and blocked ophiobolin O-induced G1 phase arrest. These data suggest that ophiobolin O may induce G1 arrest in MCF-7 cells through interaction with AKT/GSK3β/cyclin D1 signaling. In vivo, ophiobolin O suppressed tumor growth and showed little toxicity in mouse xenograft models. Overall, these findings provide theoretical basis for the therapeutic use of ophiobolin O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiting Lv
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Wenxing Qin
- Teaching Management Department, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Tengyue Road, Shanghai 200090, China.
| | - Tonghan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Shanjian Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Kui Hong
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Weiming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Ruohua Chen
- VIP Medicine Department, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Caiguo Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Elumalai P, Arunakaran J. Review on molecular and chemopreventive potential of nimbolide in cancer. Genomics Inform 2014; 12:156-64. [PMID: 25705153 PMCID: PMC4330249 DOI: 10.5808/gi.2014.12.4.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the most dreaded disease in human and also major health problem worldwide. Despite its high occurrence, the exact molecular mechanisms of the development and progression are not fully understood. The existing cancer therapy based on allopathic medicine is expensive, exhibits side effects; and may also alter the normal functioning of genes. Thus, a non-toxic and effective mode of treatment is needed to control cancer development and progression. Some medicinal plants offer a safe, effective and affordable remedy to control the cancer progression. Nimbolide, a limnoid derived from the neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves and flowers of neem, is widely used in traditional medical practices for treating various human diseases. Nimbolide exhibits several pharmacological effects among which its anticancer activity is the most promising. The previous studies carried out over the decades have shown that nimbolide inhibits cell proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells. This review highlights the current knowledge on the molecular targets that contribute to the observed anticancer activity of nimbolide related to induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest; and inhibition of signaling pathways related to cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perumal Elumalai
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai 600113, India
| | - Jagadeesan Arunakaran
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai 600113, India
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Rath G, Jawanjal P, Salhan S, Nalliah M, Dhawan I. Clinical significance of inactivated glycogen synthase kinase 3β in HPV-associated cervical cancer: Relationship with Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 73:460-78. [PMID: 25532422 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM To determine the role of inactivated GSK3β with respect to Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation in HPV-16/18-associated cervical cancer. METHOD OF STUDY The expression of active (pGSK3β-Try(216)), inactive (pGSK3β-Ser(9)), and c-Myc as well as HPV-16/18 infection was analyzed in cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN), squamous cell carcinoma (SCCs) and normal by immunohistochemistry and multiplex PCR. The proteins level was also compared with β-catenin and APC expression. RESULTS The dramatic decrease of pGSK3β-Try(216) expression but ectopic overexpression of pGSK3β-Ser(9) and c-Myc was observed both in CIN and SCCs samples compared to normal tissues. 57/67 CIN and 132/153 SCCs showed HPV-16 infection, while 3/67 CIN and 4/153 SCCs were harbored with HPV-18 infection. Both the proteins were significantly upregulated in HPV-16 infected cases (P = 0.0001; P = 0.001) and also positively correlated with nuclear β-catenin (P = 0.0001; P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION The process of generation of HPV-16-associated cervical tumorigenesis is synergized with GSK3β inactivation and overactivation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Rath
- Department of Anatomy, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Harazi A, Chaouat M, Shlomai Z, Levitzki R, Becker-Cohen M, Sadeh M, Dabby R, Ben-Bassat H, Mitrani-Rosenbaum S. Survival-apoptosis associated signaling in GNE myopathy-cultured myoblasts. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2014; 35:249-57. [PMID: 25510413 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2014.956755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
GNE Myopathy (GNEM) is a neuromuscular disorder caused by mutations in the GNE gene. It is a slowly progressive distal and proximal muscle weakness sparing the quadriceps. In this study, we applied our model of mutated M743T GNE enzyme skeletal muscle-cultured myoblasts and paired healthy controls to depict the pattern of signaling proteins controlling survival and/or apoptosis of the PI3K/AKT, BCL2, ARTS/XIAP pathways, examined the effects of metabolic changes/stimuli on their expression and activation, and their potential role in GNEM. Immunoblot analysis of the GNEM myoblasts indicated a notable increased level of activated PTEN and PDK1 and a trend of relative differences in the expression and activation of the examined signaling molecules with variability among the cultures. ANOVA analysis showed a highly significant interaction between the level of PTEN and the patients groups. In parallel, the interaction between the level of BCL2, BAX and PTEN with the specific PI3K/AKT inhibitor-LY294002 was highly significant for BCL2 and nearly significant for PTEN and BAX. The pattern of the ARTS/XIAP signaling proteins of GNEM and the paired controls was variable, with no significant differences between the two cell types. The response of the GNEM cells to the metabolic changes/stimuli: serum depletion and insulin challenge, as indicated by expression of selected signaling proteins, was variable and similar to the control cells. Taken together, our observations provide a clearer insight into specific signaling molecules influencing growth and survival of GNEM muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avi Harazi
- a Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Malka Chaouat
- b Israel National Skin Bank, Laboratory of Experimental Surgery , Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel , and
| | - Zippora Shlomai
- b Israel National Skin Bank, Laboratory of Experimental Surgery , Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel , and
| | - Robina Levitzki
- b Israel National Skin Bank, Laboratory of Experimental Surgery , Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel , and
| | - Michal Becker-Cohen
- a Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel
| | | | - Ron Dabby
- c Wolfson Medical Center , Holon , Israel
| | - Hannah Ben-Bassat
- b Israel National Skin Bank, Laboratory of Experimental Surgery , Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel , and
| | - Stella Mitrani-Rosenbaum
- a Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel
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115
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Muscle-specific GSK-3β ablation accelerates regeneration of disuse-atrophied skeletal muscle. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:490-506. [PMID: 25496993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Muscle wasting impairs physical performance, increases mortality and reduces medical intervention efficacy in chronic diseases and cancer. Developing proficient intervention strategies requires improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing muscle mass wasting and recovery. Involvement of muscle protein- and myonuclear turnover during recovery from muscle atrophy has received limited attention. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I signaling pathway has been implicated in muscle mass regulation. As glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is inhibited by IGF-I signaling, we hypothesized that muscle-specific GSK-3β deletion facilitates the recovery of disuse-atrophied skeletal muscle. Wild-type mice and mice lacking muscle GSK-3β (MGSK-3β KO) were subjected to a hindlimb suspension model of reversible disuse-induced muscle atrophy and followed during recovery. Indices of muscle mass, protein synthesis and proteolysis, and post-natal myogenesis which contribute to myonuclear accretion, were monitored during the reloading of atrophied muscle. Early muscle mass recovery occurred more rapidly in MGSK-3β KO muscle. Reloading-associated changes in muscle protein turnover were not affected by GSK-3β ablation. However, coherent effects were observed in the extent and kinetics of satellite cell activation, proliferation and myogenic differentiation observed during reloading, suggestive of increased myonuclear accretion in regenerating skeletal muscle lacking GSK-3β. This study demonstrates that muscle mass recovery and post-natal myogenesis from disuse-atrophy are accelerated in the absence of GSK-3β.
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116
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Hsieh SR, Cheng WC, Su YM, Chiu CH, Liou YM. Molecular targets for anti-oxidative protection of green tea polyphenols against myocardial ischemic injury. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2014; 4:23. [PMID: 25520936 PMCID: PMC4264984 DOI: 10.7603/s40681-014-0023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. An improved understanding of the mechanisms involved in myocardial injury would allow intervention downstream in the pathway where certain drugs including natural products could be efficiently applied to target the end effectors of the cell death pathway. Green tea polyphenols (GTPs) have potent anti-oxidative capabilities, which may account for their beneficial effects in preventing oxidative stress associated with ischemia injury. Although studies have provided convincing evidence to support the protective effects of GTPs in cardiovascular system, the potential end effectors that mediate cardiac protection are only beginning to be addressed. Proteomics analyses widely used to identify the protein targets for many cardiovascular diseases have advanced the discovery of the signaling mechanism for GTPs-mediated cardio-protection. This review focuses on putative triggers, mediators, and end effectors for the GTPs-mediated cardio-protection signaling pathways engaged in myocardial ischemia crisis, allowing a promising natural product to be used for ameliorating oxidative stress associated with ischemic heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Rong Hsieh
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 407 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Cheng
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, 300 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Min Su
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, 402 No. 250, Kuokang Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hwei Chiu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, 402 No. 250, Kuokang Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ming Liou
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, 402 No. 250, Kuokang Road, Taichung, Taiwan
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 402 Taichung, Taiwan
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117
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Plaza-Parrochia F, Bacallao K, Poblete C, Gabler F, Carvajal R, Romero C, Valladares L, Vega M. The role of androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol (androstenediol) in cell proliferation in endometrium of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Steroids 2014; 89:11-9. [PMID: 25065586 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) show high prevalence of endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma. Endometrial proliferation is increased, evaluated by high levels of Ki67 (cell cycle marker) and low levels of p27 (negative regulator of cell cycle). Nevertheless, endometrial changes in cyclin D1 (positive regulator of cell cycle) in PCOS-women are not described. Androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol (androstenediol), steroid with estrogenic activity present in endometria, could be related to increased endometrial cell proliferation. The objective of this study was to determine protein content of cyclin D1 and androstenediol levels in endometria from PCOS and control-women and to evaluate the possible mechanism favoring cell proliferation associated with hormonal characteristics of patients. Therefore, cyclin D1 protein content in PCOS-women and control-endometrial tissue were assessed by western blot and immunohistochemistry. The androstenediol levels were evaluated by ELISA. To further analyze the effect of steroids (androstenediol, 17β-estradiol, testosterone) in cell proliferation, levels of proteins cyclin D1, p27 and Ki67 were evaluated in an in vitro model of stromal endometrial cells T-HESC and St-T1b. An increase in cyclin D1 and androstenediol was observed in tissues from PCOS-women relative to control group (p<0.05). In the in vitro model, androstenediol exerted increase in cyclin D1 (p<0.05) and a decrease in p27 protein level (p<0.05), while Ki67 in St-T1b cells increased under this stimulus (p<0.05). Testosterone produces opposite effects in the levels of the above markers (p<0.05). Therefore, the hormonal imbalance associated with this syndrome could alter endometrial tissue homeostasis, promoting cell proliferation. Androstenediol is a molecule that could be involved by stimulating proliferation, whereas testosterone elicits a role of cell cycle repressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Plaza-Parrochia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Clinical Hospital, Santos Dumont # 999, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ketty Bacallao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Clinical Hospital, Santos Dumont # 999, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Poblete
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Clinical Hospital, Santos Dumont # 999, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Gabler
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, San Borja Arriarán Clinical Hospital, Santa Rosa #1234, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Carvajal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Clinical Hospital, Santos Dumont # 999, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen Romero
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Clinical Hospital, Santos Dumont # 999, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Valladares
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Macul #5540, Chile
| | - Margarita Vega
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Clinical Hospital, Santos Dumont # 999, Santiago, Chile.
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118
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Senese S, Lo YC, Huang D, Zangle TA, Gholkar AA, Robert L, Homet B, Ribas A, Summers MK, Teitell MA, Damoiseaux R, Torres JZ. Chemical dissection of the cell cycle: probes for cell biology and anti-cancer drug development. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1462. [PMID: 25321469 PMCID: PMC4237247 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell proliferation relies on the ability of cancer cells to grow, transition through the cell cycle, and divide. To identify novel chemical probes for dissecting the mechanisms governing cell cycle progression and cell division, and for developing new anti-cancer therapeutics, we developed and performed a novel cancer cell-based high-throughput chemical screen for cell cycle modulators. This approach identified novel G1, S, G2, and M-phase specific inhibitors with drug-like properties and diverse chemotypes likely targeting a broad array of processes. We further characterized the M-phase inhibitors and highlight the most potent M-phase inhibitor MI-181, which targets tubulin, inhibits tubulin polymerization, activates the spindle assembly checkpoint, arrests cells in mitosis, and triggers a fast apoptotic cell death. Importantly, MI-181 has broad anti-cancer activity, especially against BRAFV600E melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Senese
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Y C Lo
- 1] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA [2] Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - D Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - T A Zangle
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A A Gholkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - L Robert
- Department of Medicine (Division of Hematology-Oncology), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - B Homet
- Department of Medicine (Division of Hematology-Oncology), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Ribas
- 1] Department of Medicine (Division of Hematology-Oncology), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA [2] Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA [3] Department of Surgery (Division of Surgical-Oncology), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA [4] Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M K Summers
- The Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - M A Teitell
- 1] Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA [2] Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA [3] Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA [4] Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA [5] California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA [6] Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R Damoiseaux
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Z Torres
- 1] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA [2] Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA [3] Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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119
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Hsu JL, Liu SP, Lee CC, Hsu LC, Ho YF, Huang HS, Guh JH. A unique amidoanthraquinone derivative displays antiproliferative activity against human hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancers through activation of LKB1-AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014; 387:979-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-0998-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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120
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Wu MY, Xie X, Xu ZK, Xie L, Chen Z, Shou LM, Gong FR, Xie YF, Li W, Tao M. PP2A inhibitors suppress migration and growth of PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells through inhibition on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by phosphorylation and degradation of β-catenin. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:513-22. [PMID: 24926961 PMCID: PMC4091883 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cantharidin is an active constituent of mylabris, a traditional Chinese medicine, and presents strong anticancer activity in various cell lines. Cantharidin is a potent and selective inhibitor of serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Our previous studies revealed the prospect of application of cantharidin, as well as other PP2A inhibitors, in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. However, the mechanisms involved in the anticancer effect of PP2A inhibitors have not been fully explored. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is involved in cell migration and proliferation and participates in the progression of pancreatic cancer. If β-catenin is phosphorylated and degraded, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is blocked. PP2A dephosphorylates β-catenin and keeps the Wnt/β-catenin pathway active. In the present study, we found that PP2A inhibitor treatment induced phosphorylation and degradation of β-catenin. The suppression on the migration and growth of PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells could be attenuated by pretreatment with FH535, a β-catenin pathway inhibitor. Microarray showed that PP2A inhibitor treatment induced expression changes in 13 of 138 genes downstream of the β-catenin pathway. Real-time PCR further confirmed that FH535 attenuated the expression changes induced by PP2A inhibitors in 6 of these 13 candidate genes. These 6 genes, VEGFB, Dkk3, KRT8, NRP1, Cacnalg and WISP2, have been confirmed to participate in the migration and/or growth regulation in previous studies. Thus, the phosphorylation- and degradation-mediated suppression on β-catenin participates in the cytotoxicity of PP2A inhibitors. Our findings may provide insight into the treatment of pancreatic cancer using a targeting PP2A strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yao Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xie
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Ze-Kuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Liu-Mei Shou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Fei-Ran Gong
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Feng Xie
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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121
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Elumalai P, Arunkumar R, Benson CS, Sharmila G, Arunakaran J. Nimbolide inhibits IGF-I-mediated PI3K/Akt and MAPK signalling in human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). Cell Biochem Funct 2014; 32:476-84. [PMID: 24888707 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) signalling pathway contributes a major role on various cancer cell proliferation, survival and cell cycle. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of nimbolide on IGF signalling and cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. The protein expression of IGF signalling molecules and cell cycle protein levels was assessed by western blot analysis. In order to study the interaction of nimbolide on IGF-1 signalling pathway, IGF-I and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (LY294002) were used to treat MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Further, the cell cycle arrest was analysed by flow cytometry. The protein expression of IGF signalling molecules was significantly decreased in nimbolide-treated breast cancer cells. PI3K inhibitor and IGF-I with nimbolide treatment notably inhibited phosphorylated Akt. The cell cycle arrest was observed at the G0/G1 phase, and accumulation of apoptotic cells was observed in nimbolide-treated breast cancer cell lines. Nimbolide also increased the protein expression of p21 and decreased the cyclins in both the cell lines. Nimbolide decreases the proliferation of breast cancer cells by modulating the IGF signalling molecules, which could be very useful for the breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perumal Elumalai
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, India
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122
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Nekova TS, Kneitz S, Einsele H, Stuhler G. Silencing of Dicer1 temporally separates pro- and anti-apoptotic signaling and confers susceptibility to chemotherapy in p53 mutated cells. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:2192-8. [PMID: 24846461 DOI: 10.4161/cc.29216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs are critically implicated in the initiation process of and progression through cancerogenesis. The mechanisms, however, by which miRNAs interfere with the signalosomes of human cancer cells, are still obscure. We utilized the p53-mutated human keratinocyte cell line HACAT to investigate the biological significance and extent to which miRNAs regulate proliferation, cell growth, and apoptosis in transformed phenotypes. Silencing of the miRNA-processing enzyme Dicer1 resulted in cell cycle arrest at the G1/S border, along with restoration of CDK inhibitor p21(CIP)expression. Employing a cell cycle-wide phospho-proteomic approach, we detected neglectable changes in abundance and schedule of overall and cell cycle periodic protein expression despite cell cycle arrest of Dicer1-depleted cells. Instead, we found substantially delayed post-translational modifications of some, but not all, signaling nodes. Phospho-site-specific analyses revealed that pro-apoptotic information elicited by Myc, β-catenin, and other mitotic pathways early in G1 are absorbed and balanced by anti-apoptotic signaling from AKT and NFκB in Dicer1-competent cells. The absence of regulatory miRNAs, however, led to a substantial delay of anti-apoptotic signaling, leaving pro-apoptotic stress unbalanced in Dicer1-deprived cells. We here show that this temporal separation of pro- and anti-apoptotic signaling induced by inhibition of Dicer1 is synergistic and synthetic lethal to low-dose 5-FU chemotherapy in p53-mutated HACAT cells. The findings reported here contribute to the understanding of the complex interactions of miRNAs with the signalosom of transformed phenotypes and may help to design novel strategies to fight cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana S Nekova
- Department of Internal Medicine II; Julius-Maximilians University; Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Kneitz
- Physiological Chemistry I; Biocenter; Julius-Maximilians University; Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Department of Internal Medicine II; Julius-Maximilians University; Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Gernot Stuhler
- Department of Internal Medicine II; Julius-Maximilians University; Wuerzburg, Germany
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123
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Silva T, Reis J, Teixeira J, Borges F. Alzheimer's disease, enzyme targets and drug discovery struggles: from natural products to drug prototypes. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 15:116-45. [PMID: 24726823 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incapacitating neurodegenerative disease that slowly destroys brain cells. This disease progressively compromises both memory and cognition, culminating in a state of full dependence and dementia. Currently, AD is the main cause of dementia in the elderly and its prevalence in the developed world is increasing rapidly. Classic drugs, such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs), fail to decline disease progression and display several side effects that reduce patient's adhesion to pharmacotherapy. The past decade has witnessed an increasing focus on the search for novel AChEIs and new putative enzymatic targets for AD, like β- and γ-secretases, sirtuins, caspase proteins and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). In addition, new mechanistic rationales for drug discovery in AD that include autophagy and synaptogenesis have been discovered. Herein, we describe the state-of-the-art of the development of recent enzymatic inhibitors and enhancers with therapeutic potential on the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Reis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Teixeira
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Borges
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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124
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Maderer A, Plutizki S, Kramb JP, Göpfert K, Linnig M, Khillimberger K, Ganser C, Lauermann E, Dannhardt G, Galle PR, Moehler M. Moguntinones--new selective inhibitors for the treatment of human colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:1399-409. [PMID: 24743703 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
3-Indolyl and 3-azaindolyl-4-aryl maleimide derivatives, called moguntinones (MOG), have been selected for their ability to inhibit protein kinases associated with angiogenesis and induce apoptosis. Here, we characterize their mode of action and their potential clinical value in human colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo. MOG-19 and MOG-13 were characterized in vitro using kinase, viability, and apoptosis assays in different human colon cancer (HT-29, HCT-116, Caco-2, and SW480) and normal colon cell lines (CCD-18Co, FHC, and HCoEpiC) alone or in combination with topoisomerase I inhibitors. Intracellular signaling pathways were analyzed by Western blotting. To determine their potential to inhibit tumor growth in vivo, the human HT-29 tumor xenograft model was used. Moguntinones prominently inhibit several protein kinases associated with tumor growth and metastasis. Specific signaling pathways such as GSK3β and mTOR downstream targets were inhibited with IC(50) values in the nanomolar range. GSK3β signaling inhibition was independent of KRAS, BRAF, and PI3KCA mutation status. While moguntinones alone induced apoptosis only in concentrations >10 μmol/L, MOG-19 in combination with topoisomerase I inhibitors induced apoptosis synergistically at lower concentrations. Consistent with in vitro data, MOG-19 significantly reduced tumor volume and weight in combination with a topoisomerase I inhibitor in vivo. Our in vitro and in vivo data present significant proapoptotic, antiangiogenic, and antiproliferative effects of MOG-19 in different human colon cancer cells. Combination with clinically relevant topoisomerase I inhibitors in vitro and xenograft mouse model demonstrate a high potency of moguntinones to complement and improve standard chemotherapy options in human colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annett Maderer
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Internal Medicine I and Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stanislav Plutizki
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Internal Medicine I and Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan-Peter Kramb
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Internal Medicine I and Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katrin Göpfert
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Internal Medicine I and Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Monika Linnig
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Internal Medicine I and Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katrin Khillimberger
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Internal Medicine I and Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christopher Ganser
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Internal Medicine I and Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Lauermann
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Internal Medicine I and Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerd Dannhardt
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Internal Medicine I and Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter R Galle
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Internal Medicine I and Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Moehler
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Internal Medicine I and Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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He F, Li B, Zhao Z, Zhou Y, Hu G, Zou W, Hong W, Zou Y, Jiang C, Zhao D, Ran P. The pro-proliferative effects of nicotine and its underlying mechanism on rat airway smooth muscle cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93508. [PMID: 24690900 PMCID: PMC3972239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that nicotine, a major component of cigarette smoke, can stimulate the proliferation of non-neuronal cells. Cigarette smoking can promote a variety of pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), atherosclerosis, and cancer. A predominant feature of COPD is airway remodeling, which includes increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass. The mechanisms underlying ASM remodeling in COPD have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we show that nicotine induces a profound and time-dependent increase in DNA synthesis in rat airway smooth muscle cells (RASMCs) in vitro. Nicotine also significantly increased the number of RASMCs, which was associated with the increased expression of Cyclin D1, phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (RB) and was dependent on the activation of Akt. The activation of Akt by nicotine occurred within minutes and depended upon the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchRs). Activated Akt increased the phosphorylation of downstream substrates such as GSK3β. Our data suggest that the binding of nicotine to the nAchRs on RASMCs can regulate cellular proliferation by activating the Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang He
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Li
- The Research Center of Experiment Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (BL); (PR)
| | - Zhuxiang Zhao
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yumin Zhou
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoping Hu
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weifeng Zou
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Hong
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yimin Zou
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Changbin Jiang
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongxing Zhao
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pixin Ran
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (BL); (PR)
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Takahashi-Yanaga F, Yoshihara T, Jingushi K, Igawa K, Tomooka K, Watanabe Y, Morimoto S, Nakatsu Y, Tsuzuki T, Nakabeppu Y, Sasaguri T. DIF-1 inhibits tumor growth in vivo reducing phosphorylation of GSK-3β and expressions of cyclin D1 and TCF7L2 in cancer model mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 89:340-8. [PMID: 24670930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We reported that differentiation-inducing factor-1 (DIF-1), synthesized by Dictyostelium discoideum, inhibited proliferation of various tumor cell lines in vitro by suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. However, it remained unexplored whether DIF-1 also inhibits tumor growth in vivo. In the present study, therefore, we examined in-vivo effects of DIF-1 using three cancer models: Mutyh-deficient mice with oxidative stress-induced intestinal tumors and nude mice xenografted with the human colon cancer cell line HCT-116 and cervical cancer cell line HeLa. In exploration for an appropriate route of administration, we found that orally administered DIF-1 was absorbed through the digestive tract to elevate its blood concentration to levels enough to suppress tumor cell proliferation. Repeated oral administration of DIF-1 markedly reduced the number and size of intestinal tumors that developed in Mutyh-deficient mice, reducing the phosphorylation level of GSK-3β Ser(9) and the expression levels of early growth response-1 (Egr-1), transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) and cyclin D1. DIF-1 also inhibited the growth of HCT-116- and HeLa-xenograft tumors together with decreasing phosphorylation level of GSK-3β Ser(9), although it was not statistically significant in HeLa-xenograft tumors. DIF-1 also suppressed the expressions of Egr-1, TCF7L2 and cyclin D1 in HCT-116-xenograft tumors and those of β-catenin, TCF7L2 and cyclin D1 in HeLa-xenograft tumors. This is the first report to show that DIF-1 inhibits tumor growth in vivo, consistent with its in-vitro action, suggesting that this compound may have potential as a novel anti-tumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Takahashi-Yanaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Global Medical Science Education Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Yoshihara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Jingushi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Igawa
- Department of Molecular and Material Science, Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Tomooka
- Department of Molecular and Material Science, Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Watanabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Sachio Morimoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Nakatsu
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Tsuzuki
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yusaku Nakabeppu
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sasaguri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Koo J, Yue P, Gal AA, Khuri FR, Sun SY. Maintaining glycogen synthase kinase-3 activity is critical for mTOR kinase inhibitors to inhibit cancer cell growth. Cancer Res 2014; 74:2555-68. [PMID: 24626091 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
mTOR kinase inhibitors that target both mTORC1 and mTORC2 are being evaluated in cancer clinical trials. Here, we report that glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) is a critical determinant for the therapeutic response to this class of experimental drugs. Pharmacologic inhibition of GSK3 antagonized their suppressive effects on the growth of cancer cells similarly to genetic attenuation of GSK3. Conversely, expression of a constitutively activated form of GSK3β sensitized cancer cells to mTOR inhibition. Consistent with these findings, higher basal levels of GSK3 activity in a panel of human lung cancer cell lines correlated with more efficacious responses. Mechanistic investigations showed that mTOR kinase inhibitors reduced cyclin D1 levels in a GSK3β-dependent manner, independent of their effects on suppressing mTORC1 signaling and cap binding. Notably, selective inhibition of mTORC2 triggered proteasome-mediated cyclin D1 degradation, suggesting that mTORC2 blockade is responsible for GSK3-dependent reduction of cyclin D1. Silencing expression of the ubiquitin E3 ligase FBX4 rescued this reduction, implicating FBX4 in mediating this effect of mTOR inhibition. Together, our findings define a novel mechanism by which mTORC2 promotes cell growth, with potential implications for understanding the clinical action of mTOR kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghui Koo
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Hematology and Medical Oncology and Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia
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128
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Yu J, Chen Y, Qin L, Cheng L, Ren G, Cong P, Mo D, He Z. Effect of miR-205 on 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation through targeting to glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 36:1233-43. [PMID: 24563321 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1491-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
MiR-205 plays an important role during adipogenesis by modulating the Wnt signaling pathway. Here, we report that miR-205 can regulate the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells by targeting glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β), which is a negative regulatory factor of Wnt signaling. When transiently overexpressed in 3T3-L1 cells, miR-205 suppressed the translation of GSK-3β, resulting in increased expression of β-catenin, which can promote cell proliferation by facilitating the transcription of the Wnt target genes cyclin D1 and c-Myc. However, stable overexpression of miR-205 in 3T3-L1 cells did not show any apparent inhibitory effect on adipogenic differentiation. While endogenous miR-205 was inhibited in 3T3-L1 cells, the adipogenesis marker gene, C/EBPα, was significantly activated and more lipid droplets appeared in differentiated adipocytes. However, systemic silencing of miR-205 in mice by using a locked-nucleic-acid-modified oligonucleotide (LNA-antimiR) did not lead to any observable increase in adipose tissue differentiation, implying that, as opposed to the findings from 3T3-L1 cells, miR-205 is dispensable for adipose tissue development in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
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129
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Cao XZ, Xiang HL, Quan MF, He LH. Inhibition of cell growth by BrMC through inactivation of Akt in HER-2/neu-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:1632-1638. [PMID: 24765191 PMCID: PMC3997727 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.1889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that chrysin (ChR) and its analogs induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human estrogen receptor-positive/-negative breast cancer cells. However, it was unknown whether 8-bromo-7-methoxychrysin (BrMC), a novel synthetic ChR analog, inhibited the cell growth of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2)/neu-overexpressing breast cancers. In the present study, it was demonstrated that BrMC preferentially inhibited the cell viability of HER-2/neu-overexpressing MDA-MB-453 and BT-474 cells. Western blot analysis revealed that HER-2/neu expression and tyrosine phosphorylation were inhibited by BrMC in a concentration-dependent manner; whereas the proteasome inhibitor, MG-132, significantly prevented BrMC-induced HER-2/neu depletion and cell death in MDA-MB-453 cells. This directly indicated that BrMC-induced HER-2/neu depletion and cell growth inhibition was mediated by a proteasomal pathway. BrMC significantly downregulated the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E and CDK4, followed by the suppression of protein kinase B phosphorylation and downstream effectors, GSK-3β and β-catenin. A colony formation assay also confirmed the growth-inhibitory effects of BrMC. Thus, these findings clearly demonstrate the anticancer activity of BrMC against human HER-2/neu-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Thus, these findings clearly demonstrate the anticancer activity of BrMC against human HER 2/neu-overexpressing breast cancer cells, and highlight BrMC as a promising candidate for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zheng Cao
- Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Lin Xiang
- Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Fang Quan
- Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hua He
- Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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Abstract
DNA damage response genes play vital roles in the maintenance of a healthy genome. Defects in cell cycle checkpoint and DNA repair genes, especially mutation or aberrant downregulation, are associated with a wide spectrum of human disease, including a predisposition to the development of neurodegenerative conditions and cancer. On the other hand, upregulation of DNA damage response and repair genes can also cause cancer, as well as increase resistance of cancer cells to DNA damaging therapy. In recent years, it has become evident that many of the genes involved in DNA damage repair have additional roles in tumorigenesis, most prominently by acting as transcriptional (co-)factors. Although defects in these genes are causally connected to tumor initiation, their role in tumor progression is more controversial and it seems to depend on tumor type. In some tumors like melanoma, cell cycle checkpoint/DNA repair gene upregulation is associated with tumor metastasis, whereas in a number of other cancers the opposite has been observed. Several genes that participate in the DNA damage response, such as RAD9, PARP1, BRCA1, ATM and TP53 have been associated with metastasis by a number of in vitro biochemical and cellular assays, by examining human tumor specimens by immunohistochemistry or by DNA genome-wide gene expression profiling. Many of these genes act as transcriptional effectors to regulate other genes implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer. Furthermore, they are aberrantly expressed in numerous human tumors and are causally related to tumorigenesis. However, whether the DNA damage repair function of these genes is required to promote metastasis or another activity is responsible (e.g., transcription control) has not been determined. Importantly, despite some compelling in vitro evidence, investigations are still needed to demonstrate the role of cell cycle checkpoint and DNA repair genes in regulating metastatic phenotypes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos G. Broustas
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
| | - Howard B. Lieberman
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
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131
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Malik S, Saha R, Seth P. Involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2)-p53-p21 axis in mediating neural stem/progenitor cell cycle arrest in co-morbid HIV-drug abuse exposure. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2014; 9:340-53. [PMID: 24469921 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-014-9523-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Neurological complications in opioid abusing Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) patients suggest enhanced neurodegeneration as compared to non-drug abusing HIV-1 infected population. Neural precursor cells (NPCs), the multipotent cells of the mammalian brain, are susceptible to HIV-1 infection and as opiates also perturb their growth kinetics, detailed mechanistic studies for their co-morbid exposure are highly warranted. Using a well characterized in vitro model of human fetal brain-derived neural precursor cells, we investigated alterations in NPC properties at both acute and chronic durations. Chronic morphine and Tat treatment attenuated proliferation in NPCs, with cells stalled at G1-phase of the cell cycle. Furthermore HIV-Tat and morphine exposure increased activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2), enhanced levels of p53 and p21, and decreased cyclin D1 and Akt levels in NPCs. Regulated by ERK1/2 and p53, p21 was found to be indispensible for Tat and morphine mediated cell cycle arrest. Our study elaborates on the cellular and molecular machinery in NPCs and provides significant mechanistic details into HIV-drug abuse co-morbidity that may have far reaching clinical consequences both in pediatric as well as adult neuroAIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaily Malik
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre (NBRC), NH-8, Nainwal Road, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122051, India
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Perri A, Catalano S, Bonofiglio D, Vizza D, Rovito D, Qi H, Aquila S, Panza S, Rizza P, Lanzino M, Andò S. T3 enhances thyroid cancer cell proliferation through TRβ1/Oct-1-mediated cyclin D1 activation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:205-217. [PMID: 24121026 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that thyroid hormone T3 promotes cancer cell growth, even though the molecular mechanism involved in such processes still needs to be elucidated. In this study we demonstrated that T3 induced proliferation in papillary thyroid carcinoma cell lines concomitantly with an up-regulation of cyclin D1 expression, that is a critical mitogen-regulated cell-cycle control element. Our data revealed that T3 enhanced the recruitment of the TRβ1/Oct-1 complex on Octamer-transcription factor-1 site within cyclin D1 promoter, leading to its transactivation. In addition, silencing of TRβ1 or Oct-1 expression by RNA interference reversed both increased cell proliferation and up-regulation of cyclin D1, underlying the important role of both transcriptional factors in mediating these effects. Finally, T3-induced increase in cell growth was abrogated after knocking down cyclin D1 expression. All these findings highlight a new molecular mechanism by which T3 promotes thyroid cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Perri
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Dept. Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Dept. Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Rovito
- Dept. Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Hongyan Qi
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Saveria Aquila
- Dept. Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panza
- Dept. Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Pietro Rizza
- Dept. Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Marilena Lanzino
- Dept. Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Dept. Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.
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Nuclear loss of protein arginine N-methyltransferase 2 in breast carcinoma is associated with tumor grade and overexpression of cyclin D1 protein. Oncogene 2013; 33:5546-58. [PMID: 24292672 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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134
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Lee YK, Lin TH, Chang CF, Lo YL. Galectin-3 silencing inhibits epirubicin-induced ATP binding cassette transporters and activates the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway via β-catenin/GSK-3β modulation in colorectal carcinoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82478. [PMID: 24303084 PMCID: PMC3841143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR), an unfavorable factor compromising the treatment efficacy of anticancer drugs, involves the upregulation of ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters and induction of galectin-3 signaling. Galectin-3 plays an anti-apoptotic role in many cancer cells and regulates various pathways to activate MDR. Thus, the inhibition of galectin-3 has the potential to enhance the efficacy of the anticancer drug epirubicin. In this study, we examined the effects and mechanisms of silencing galectin-3 via RNA interference (RNAi) on the β-catenin/GSK-3β pathway in human colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells. Galectin-3 knockdown increased the intracellular accumulation of epirubicin in Caco-2 cells; suppressed the mRNA expression of galectin-3, β-catenin, cyclin D1, c-myc, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), MDR-associated protein (MRP) 1, and MRP2; and downregulated the protein expression of P-gp, cyclin D1, galectin-3, β-catenin, c-Myc, and Bcl-2. Moreover, galectin-3 RNAi treatment significantly increased the mRNA level of GSK-3β, Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9; remarkably increased the Bax-to-Bcl-2 ratio; and upregulated the GSK-3β and Bax protein expressions. Apoptosis was induced by galectin-3 RNAi and/or epirubicin as demonstrated by chromatin condensation, a higher sub-G1 phase proportion, and increased caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity, indicating an intrinsic/mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Epirubicin-mediated resistance was effectively inhibited via galectin-3 RNAi treatment. However, these phenomena could be rescued after galectin-3 overexpression. We show for the first time that the silencing of galectin-3 sensitizes MDR cells to epirubicin by inhibiting ABC transporters and activating the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis through modulation of the β-catenin/GSK-3β pathway in human colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Kuo Lee
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Fa Chang
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CFC); (YLL)
| | - Yu-Li Lo
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CFC); (YLL)
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Hsieh SR, Hsu CS, Lu CH, Chen WC, Chiu CH, Liou YM. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate-mediated cardioprotection by Akt/GSK-3β/caveolin signalling in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts. J Biomed Sci 2013; 20:86. [PMID: 24251870 PMCID: PMC3871020 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-20-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCg) with its potent anti-oxidative capabilities is known for its beneficial effects ameliorating oxidative injury to cardiac cells. Although studies have provided convincing evidence to support the cardioprotective effects of EGCg, it remains unclear whether EGCg affect trans-membrane signalling in cardiac cells. Here, we have demonstrated the potential mechanism for cardioprotection of EGCg against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Results Exposing H9c2 cells to H2O2 suppressed cell viability and altered the expression of adherens and gap junction proteins with increased levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species and cytosolic Ca2+. These detrimental effects were attenuated by pre-treating cells with EGCg for 30 min. EGCg also attenuated H2O2-mediated cell cycle arrest at the G1-S phase through the glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β)/β-catenin/cyclin D1 signalling pathway. To determine how EGCg targets H9c2 cells, enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) was ectopically expressed in these cells. EGFP-emission fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that EGCg induced dose-dependent fluorescence changes in EGFP expressing cells, suggesting that EGCg signalling events might trigger proximity changes of EGFP expressed in these cells. Proteomics studies showed that EGFP formed complexes with the 67 kD laminin receptor, caveolin-1 and -3, β-actin, myosin 9, vimentin in EGFP expressing cells. Using in vitro oxidative stress and in vivo myocardial ischemia models, we also demonstrated the involvement of caveolin in EGCg-mediated cardioprotection. In addition, EGCg-mediated caveolin-1 activation was found to be modulated by Akt/GSK-3β signalling in H2O2-induced H9c2 cell injury. Conclusions Our data suggest that caveolin serves as a membrane raft that may help mediate cardioprotective EGCg transmembrane signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ying-Ming Liou
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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Tomizawa M, Shinozaki F, Motoyoshi Y, Sugiyama T, Yamamoto S, Sueishi M, Yoshida T. Niclosamide suppresses Hepatoma cell proliferation via the Wnt pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 6:1685-93. [PMID: 24273411 PMCID: PMC3836661 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s50065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Wnt pathway plays an important role in Hepatocarcinogenesis. We analyzed the association of the Wnt pathway with the proliferation of hepatoma cells using Wnt3a and niclosamide, a drug used to treat tapeworm infection. Methods We performed an MTS assay to determine whether Wnt3a stimulated proliferation of Huh-6 and Hep3B human hepatoma cell lines after 72 hours of incubation with Wnt3a in serum-free medium. The cells were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) after 48 hours of incubation. RNA was isolated 48 hours after addition of Wnt3a or niclosamide, and cyclin D1 expression levels were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The promoter activity of T-cell factor was analyzed by luciferase assay 48 hours after transfection of TOPflash. Western blot analysis was performed with antibodies against β-catenin, dishevelled 2, and cyclin D1. Results Cell proliferation increased with Wnt3a. Niclosamide suppressed proliferation with or without Wnt3a. Hematoxylin and eosin and TUNEL staining suggested that apoptosis occurred in cells with niclosamide. Cyclin D1 was upregulated in the presence of Wnt3a and downregulated with addition of niclosamide. The promoter activity of T-cell factor increased with Wnt3a, whereas T-cell factor promoter activity decreased with niclosamide. Western blot analysis showed that Wnt3a upregulated β-catenin, dishevelled 2, and cyclin D1, while niclosamide downregulated them. Conclusion Niclosamide is a potential candidate for the treatment of hepatoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Tomizawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido City, Chiba, Japan
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137
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Ophiobolin-O reverses adriamycin resistance via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis sensitization in adriamycin-resistant human breast carcinoma (MCF-7/ADR) cells. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:4570-84. [PMID: 24240979 PMCID: PMC3853746 DOI: 10.3390/md11114570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistance is a major obstacle facing cancer chemotherapy. This paper demonstrates that novel compound Ophiobolin-O reverses MCF-7/ADR resistance to adriamycin (ADM). The IC50 of ADM treated MCF-7 cells was 2.02 ± 0.05 µM and 74.00 ± 0.18 µM treated MCF-7/ADR cells, about 37-fold, compared to the former. However, 0.1 µM Ophiobolin-O (less than 20% inhibition concentration) combined with ADM caused the decreased IC50 of ADM to 6.67 ± 0.98 µM, indicating it reversed ADM resistance of MCF-7/ADR cells (11-fold). Furthermore, Ophiobolin-O increased ADM-induced mitochondrial pathway apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest, which is partly due to the elevation level of ROS in MCF-7/ADR cells. As we described in this paper, the reversal effect of Ophiobolin-O may be due to the reduction of resistance-related protein P-Glycoprotein (P-gp, also known as MDR1) through inhibiting the activity of the multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) gene promoter, which makes MCF-7/ADR cells more sensitive to ADM treatment. Assays in nude mice also showed that the combination of ADM and Ophiobolin-O significantly improved the effect of ADM.
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138
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Blanco J, Mulero M, Domingo JL, Sanchez DJ. Perinatal exposure to BDE-99 causes decreased protein levels of cyclin D1 via GSK3β activation and increased ROS production in rat pup livers. Toxicol Sci 2013; 137:491-8. [PMID: 24218147 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We here examined the potential liver toxicity in rat pups from dams exposed during the gestational and lactation periods to 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-99). Dams were exposed to 0, 1, and 2mg/kg/day of BDE-99 from gestation day 6 to postnatal day 21. When the pups were weaning, the liver from 1 pup of each litter was excised to evaluate oxidative stress markers and the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of multiple cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms. To determine whether thyroid hormone (TH) was disrupted, the protein and mRNA expressions of several TH receptor (TR) isoforms, as well as the protein levels of cyclin D1 and the phosphorylated protein kinases Akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β), were evaluated. Perinatal exposure to BDE-99 produced decreased levels of cyclin D1 in rat pup livers. A decrease in the active form of Akt and an increase in the active form of GSK3β were observed. The decreased Akt pathway may be due to a potential disruption of the nongenomic actions of TH by BDE-99 and its metabolites. This possible TH disruption was noted as a decrease in TR isoforms expression. By contrast, we observed an upregulation of CYP2B1 gene expression, which is correlated with an increase in reactive oxygen species production. This outcome indicates activation of the nuclear constitutive androstane receptor, which could induce the expression of other enzymes capable of metabolizing TH. The present findings support the hypothesis that perinatal exposure to PBDEs, at levels found in humans, may have serious implications for metabolic processes in rat pup livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Blanco
- * Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health and
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139
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Bishnupuri KS, Sainathan SK, Bishnupuri K, Leahy DR, Luo Q, Anant S, Houchen CW, Dieckgraefe BK. Reg4-induced mitogenesis involves Akt-GSK3β-β-Catenin-TCF-4 signaling in human colorectal cancer. Mol Carcinog 2013; 53 Suppl 1:E169-80. [PMID: 24151146 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Upregulation of regenerating gene 4 (Reg4) is observed in many human gastrointestinal malignancies including colorectal cancer (CRC). We previously reported a Reg4-mediated induction of epidermal growth factor receptor-Akt-AP1 signaling regulating CRC cell apoptosis. However, the role of Reg4 in the regulation of CRC cell division is poorly understood. This study tests the hypothesis that Reg4 induces Akt-GSK3β-β-Catenin-TCF-4 signaling to regulate CRC cell division. In vitro models of human CRC were used to determine the role of Reg4 in regulation of CRC cell division. Cell cycle studies demonstrated that Reg4 treatment significantly decreased CRC cell number in G1 phase and increased in G2 phase. Subsequently Reg4 significantly increased the mitotic index of CRC cells. As assessed by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analyses, Reg4 significantly increased the expression of cell cycle regulatory genes Cyclin D1 and D3, and associated Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK4 and CDK6). Reg4-mediated increase in these genes involved a pathway that included an induced Akt activity by increasing phosphorylation of Thr308 and Ser473, a reduced glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) activity by increasing phosphorylation of Ser9, an induced nuclear translocation of β-Catenin by decreasing phosphorylation of Ser33/37/Thr41, and an increased TCF-4 transcriptional activity. Furthermore, antagonism of Reg4-signaling using Reg4-specific mAbs (2H6 and 3E5) and Akt inhibitor significantly decreased, whereas agonism using GSK-3β antagonist (SB216763) significantly increased mitotic index and proliferation of CRC cells. These results identify Reg4 as a key regulator of the CRC cell division and proliferation, hence a potential target of human CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar S Bishnupuri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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140
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Song NR, Lee E, Byun S, Kim JE, Mottamal M, Park JHY, Lim SS, Bode AM, Lee HJ, Lee KW, Dong Z. Isoangustone A, a novel licorice compound, inhibits cell proliferation by targeting PI3K, MKK4, and MKK7 in human melanoma. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2013; 6:1293-303. [PMID: 24104352 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-13-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Licorice root is known to possess various bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. Glycyrrhizin, a triterpene compound, is the most abundant constituent of dried licorice root. However, high intake or long-term consumption of glycyrrhizin causes several side effects, such as hypertension, hypertensive encephalopathy, and hypokalemia. Therefore, finding additional active compounds other than glycyrrhizin in licorice that exhibit anticancer effects is worthwhile. We found that isoangustone A (IAA), a novel flavonoid from licorice root, suppressed proliferation of human melanoma cells. IAA significantly blocked cell-cycle progression at the G1-phase and inhibited the expression of G1-phase regulatory proteins, including cyclins D1 and E in the SK-MEL-28 human melanoma cell line. IAA suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt, GSK-3β, and JNK1/2. IAA also bound to phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), MKK4, and MKK7, strongly inhibiting their kinase activities in an ATP-competitive manner. Moreover, in a xenograft mouse model, IAA significantly decreased tumor growth, volume, and weight of SK-MEL-28 xenografts. Collectively, these results suggest that PI3K, MKK4, and MKK7 are the primary molecular targets of IAA in the suppression of cell proliferation. This insight into the biologic actions of IAA provides a molecular basis for the potential development of a new chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nu Ry Song
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912.
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141
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GSK3β/β-catenin signaling is correlated with the differentiation of glioma cells induced by wogonin. Toxicol Lett 2013; 222:212-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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142
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Brazilein, a compound isolated from Caesalpinia sappan Linn., induced growth inhibition in breast cancer cells via involvement of GSK-3β/β-Catenin/cyclin D1 pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 206:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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143
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Role of fucosyltransferase IV in epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e735. [PMID: 23887626 PMCID: PMC3730415 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial step in tumor progression and has an important role during cancer invasion and metastasis. Although fucosyltransferase IV (FUT4) has been implicated in the modulation of cell migration, invasion and cancer metastasis, its role during EMT is unclear. This study explores the molecular mechanisms of the involvement of FUT4 in EMT in breast cancer cells. Breast cancer cell lines display increased expression of FUT4, which is accompanied by enhanced appearance of the mesenchymal phenotype and which can be reversed by knockdown of endogenous FUT4. Moreover, FUT4 induced activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, and inactivation of GSK3β and nuclear translocation of NF-κB, resulting in increased Snail and MMP-9 expression and greater cell motility. Taken together, these findings indicate that FUT4 has a role in EMT through activation of the PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signaling systems, which induce the key mediators Snail and MMP-9 and facilitate the acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype. Our findings support the possibility that FUT4 is a novel regulator of EMT in breast cancer cells and a promising target for cancer therapy.
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144
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Liu X, Du L, Feng R. c-Src regulates cell cycle proteins expression through protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 pathways in MCF-7 cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2013; 45:586-92. [PMID: 23615537 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmt042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have demonstrated that c-Src suppression inhibited the epithelial to mesenchymal transition in human breast cancer cells. Here, we investigated the role of c-Src on the cell cycle progression using siRNAs and small molecule inhibitor 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (PP2). Western blot analysis demonstrated the down-regulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin E and up-regulation of p27 Kip1 after c-Src suppression by PP2. Incubation of cells in the presence of PP2 significantly blocked the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), protein kinase B (AKT), and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β). Specific pharmacological inhibitors of MEK1/2/ERK1/2 and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase/AKT pathways were used to demonstrate the relationship between the signal cascade and cell cycle proteins expression. The expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin E were decreased after inhibition of ERK1/2 or AKT activity, whereas the p27 Kip1 expression was increased. In addition, knockdown of c-Src by siRNAs reduced cell proliferation and phosphorylation of ERK1/2, AKT, and GSK3β. After c-Src depletion by siRNAs, we observed significant down-regulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin E, and up-regulation of p27 Kip1. These results suggest that c-Src suppression by PP2 or siRNAs may regulate the progression of cell cycle through AKT/GSK3β and ERK1/2 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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145
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Azimian-Zavareh V, Hossein G, Janzamin E. Effect of lithium chloride and antineoplastic drugs on survival and cell cycle of androgen-dependent prostate cancer LNCap cells. Indian J Pharmacol 2013; 44:714-21. [PMID: 23248400 PMCID: PMC3523498 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.103265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) has been reported to be required for androgen receptor (AR) activity. This study sought to determine the usefulness of lithium chloride (LiCl) as a highly selective inhibitor of GSK-3β to increase the sensitivity of LNCap cells to doxorubicin (Dox), etoposide (Eto), and vinblastine (Vin) drugs. Materials and Methods: Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Blue (MTT) assay was used to determine the cytotoxic effect to LiCl alone or in combination with low dose and IC50 doses of drugs. Subsequently, cell cycle analysis was performed by using flow cytometry. Results: LiCl showed cytotoxic effect in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P<0.001). Both Dox (100 or 280 nM) and Vin IC50 (5 nM) doses caused G2/M-phase arrest (P<0.001) compared with control. However, low dose (10 μM) or IC50 (70 μM) Eto doses showed G2/M or S-phase arrests, respectively (P<0.001). Combination of low dose or IC50 dose of Eto with LiCl showed increased apoptosis as revealed by high percent of cells in SubG1 (P<0.05, P<0.01, respectively). Moreover, Eto (10 μM) led to decreased percent of cells in G2/M phase when combined with LiCl (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that LiCl increases apoptosis of (LNCap) Lymph Node Carcinoma of the Prostate cells in the presence of Eto, which is S- and G2-phase-specific drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajihe Azimian-Zavareh
- Department of Animal Biology, Developmental Biology Lab., School of Biology, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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146
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Yan X, Lyu T, Jia N, Yu Y, Hua K, Feng W. Huaier aqueous extract inhibits ovarian cancer cell motility via the AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63731. [PMID: 23667667 PMCID: PMC3648479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine has gained popularity due to its ability to kill tumor cells. Recently, the apoptotic and anti-angiogenic effects of Trametes robiniophila murr (Huaier) have been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate its effect on cell mobility and tumor growth in ovarian cancer. Cell viability and motility were measured using SRB, scratch and migration assays. Cell apoptosis was analysed by annexin V/PI staining. Using a reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) assay, we analyzed the levels of 153 proteins and/or phosphorylations in Huaier-treated and untreated cells. Huaier inhibited cell viability and induced both early and late apoptosis in SKOV3, SKOV3.ip1 and Hey cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Cell invasiveness and migration were also suppressed significantly. The RPPA results showed significant differences (of at least 30%; P <0.05) in the levels of 7 molecules in SKOV3 cells and 10 in SKOV3.ip1 cells between the untreated and treated cells. Most of the molecules identified play roles in cell proliferation, apoptosis or cell adhesion/invasion. Western blot analysis further validated that Huaier treatment resulted in decreased AKT phosphorylation, enhanced expression of total GSK3β, inhibition of the phosphorylation of GSK3β on S9, reduction of both cytoplasmic β-catenin expression and nuclear β-catenin translocation, and transcriptional repression of several Wnt/β-catenin target genes (DIXDC1, LRP6, WNT5A, and cyclin D1). After knocking down GSK3β, β-catenin expression could not be inhibited by Huaier. Finally, Huaier inhibited the growth of ovarian tumor xenografts in vivo. These studies indicate that Huaier inhibits tumor cell mobility in ovarian cancer via the AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Yan
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine - Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianjiao Lyu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine - Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Jia
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine - Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinhua Yu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine - Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Keqin Hua
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine - Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (KH); (WF)
| | - Weiwei Feng
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine - Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (KH); (WF)
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147
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Takahashi-Yanaga F. Activator or inhibitor? GSK-3 as a new drug target. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:191-9. [PMID: 23643839 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a cytoplasmic serine/threonine protein kinase that phosphorylates and inhibits glycogen synthase, thereby inhibiting glycogen synthesis from glucose. However, this serine/threonine kinase is now known to regulate numerous cellular processes through a number of signaling pathways important for cell proliferation, stem cell renewal, apoptosis and development. Because of these diverse roles, malfunction of this kinase is also known to be involved in the pathogenesis of human diseases, such as nervous system disorders, diabetes, bone formation, inflammation, cancer and heart failure. Therefore, GSK-3 is recognized as an attractive target for the development of new drugs. The present review summarizes the roles of GSK-3 in the insulin, Wnt/β-catenin and hedgehog signaling pathways including the regulation of their activities. The roles of GSK-3 in the development of human diseases within the context of its participation in various signaling pathways are also summarized. Finally, the possibility of new drug development targeting this kinase is discussed with recent information about inhibitors and activators of GSK-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Takahashi-Yanaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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148
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Meneghello C, Ousghir B, Rastrelli M, Anesi L, Sommariva A, Montesco MC, Rossi CR, Hladnik U, Segat D. Nuclear GSK-3β segregation in desmoid-type fibromatosis. Histopathology 2013; 62:1098-108. [PMID: 23614534 DOI: 10.1111/his.12133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Desmoid-type fibromatosis (DF) is a rare benign myofibroblastic neoplasm of the connective tissue that is unable to metastasize but is associated with a high local recurrence rate. Nuclear β-catenin is the most commonly used histological marker of DF; however, clinical and biological predictive markers guiding the treatment and follow-up of DF are still lacking. Normally, β-catenin is regulated by the cytoplasmic multiprotein complex of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), axin, casein kinase 1α (CK1α), and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β); this phosphorylates and degrades β-catenin, which would otherwise translocate to the nucleus. The aim of this study was to analyse the expression and localization of the β-catenin-protein complex of the Wnt pathway in cells isolated from DF patients. METHODS AND RESULTS We isolated cells from biopsies of DF patients, and demonstrated, by immunofluorescence and immunoblot analyses, that it is almost exclusively nuclear GSK-3β that colocalizes and interacts with β-catenin. The nuclear translocation of β-catenin and GSK-3β is not correlated with CTNNB1 mutations. In DF samples, the multiprotein complex is disrupted, as the cytoplasmic localization of APC and axin makes interaction with the nuclear β-catenin and GSK-3β impossible. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that GSK-3β is an additional DF marker with an important role in the aetiopathogenesis of this entity.
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149
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Robertson AJ, Coluccio A, Jensen S, Rydlizky K, Coffman JA. Sea urchin akt activity is Runx-dependent and required for post-cleavage stage cell division. Biol Open 2013; 2:472-8. [PMID: 23789095 PMCID: PMC3654265 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20133913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In animal development following the initial cleavage stage of embryogenesis, the cell cycle becomes dependent on intercellular signaling and controlled by the genomically encoded ontogenetic program. Runx transcription factors are critical regulators of metazoan developmental signaling, and we have shown that the sea urchin Runx gene runt-1, which is globally expressed during early embryogenesis, functions in support of blastula stage cell proliferation and expression of the mitogenic genes pkc1, cyclinD, and several wnts. To obtain a more comprehensive list of early runt-1 regulatory targets, we screened a Strongylocentrotus purpuratus microarray to identify genes mis-expressed in mid-blastula stage runt-1 morphants. This analysis showed that loss of Runx function perturbs the expression of multiple genes involved in cell division, including the pro-growth and survival kinase Akt (PKB), which is significantly underexpressed in runt-1 morphants. Further genomic analysis revealed that Akt is encoded by two genes in the S. purpuratus genome, akt-1 and akt-2, both of which contain numerous canonical Runx target sequences. The transcripts of both genes accumulate several fold during blastula stage, contingent on runt-1 expression. Inhibiting Akt expression or activity causes blastula stage cell cycle arrest, whereas overexpression of akt-1 mRNA rescues cell proliferation in runt-1 morphants. These results indicate that post-cleavage stage cell division requires Runx-dependent expression of akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Robertson
- Present address: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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150
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Lee YC, Liao PC, Liou YC, Hsiao M, Huang CY, Lu PJ. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 β activity is required for hBora/Aurora A-mediated mitotic entry. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:953-60. [PMID: 23442801 PMCID: PMC3637354 DOI: 10.4161/cc.23945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and degradation of hBora is important for the regulation of mitotic entry and exist. In G 2 phase, hBora can complex with Aurora A to activate Plk1 and control mitotic entry. However, whether the post-translational modification of hBora is relevant to the mitotic entry still unclear. Here, we used the LC-MS/MS phosphopeptide mapping assay to identify 13 in vivo hBora phosphorylation sites and characterized that GSK3β can interact with hBora and phosphorylate hBora at Ser274 and Ser278. Pharmacological inhibitors of GSK3β reduced the retarded migrating band of hBora in cells and diminished the phosphorylation of hBora by in vitro kinase assay. Moreover, as well as in GSK3β activity-inhibited cells, specific knockdown of GSK3β by shRNA and S274A/S278 hBora mutant-expressing cells also exhibited the reduced Plk1 activation and a delay in mitotic entry. It suggests that GSK3β activity is required for hBora-mediated mitotic entry through Ser274 and Ser278 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Lee
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chi Liao
- Department of Environment and Occupational Health; College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Cherng Liou
- Department of Biological Science; National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center; Academia Sínica; Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ying Huang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jung Lu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine; College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan, Taiwan
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