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Hashida R, Kawaguchi T, Bekki M, Omoto M, Matsuse H, Nago T, Takano Y, Ueno T, Koga H, George J, Shiba N, Torimura T. Aerobic vs. resistance exercise in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review. J Hepatol 2017; 66:142-152. [PMID: 27639843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Exercise is a first-line therapy for patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We sought to: 1) summarize effective aerobic and resistance exercise protocols for NAFLD; and 2) compare the effects and energy consumption of aerobic and resistance exercises. METHODS A literature search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopas to January 28, 2016. From a total of 95 articles, 23 studies including 24 aerobic and 7 resistance exercise protocols were selected for the summary of exercise protocols. Twelve articles including 13 aerobic and 4 resistance exercise protocols were selected for the comparative analysis. RESULTS For aerobic exercise, the median effective protocol was 4.8 metabolic equivalents (METs) for 40min/session, 3times/week for 12weeks. For resistance exercise, the median effective protocol was 3.5 METs for 45min/session, 3times/week for 12weeks. Aerobic and resistance exercise improved hepatic steatosis. No significant difference was seen in the duration, frequency, or period of exercise between the two exercise groups; however, %VO2max and energy consumption were significantly lower in the resistance than in the aerobic group (50% [45-98] vs. 28% [28-28], p=0.0034; 11,064 [6394-21,087] vs. 6470 [4104-12,310] kcal/total period, p=0.0475). CONCLUSIONS Resistance exercise improves NAFLD with less energy consumption. Thus, resistance exercise may be more feasible than aerobic exercise for NAFLD patients with poor cardiorespiratory fitness or for those who cannot tolerate or participate in aerobic exercise. These data may indicate a possible link between resistance exercise and lipid metabolism in the liver. LAY SUMMARY Both aerobic and resistance exercise reduce hepatic steatosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with similar frequency, duration, and period of exercise (40-45min/session 3times/week for 12weeks); however, the two forms of exercise have different characteristics. Intensity and energy consumption were significantly lower for resistance than for aerobic exercise. Resistance exercise may be more feasible than aerobic exercise for NAFLD patients with poor cardiorespiratory fitness or for those who cannot tolerate or participate in aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuki Hashida
- Department of Orthopedics, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; Division of Rehabilitation, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takumi Kawaguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Bekki
- Department of Orthopedics, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; Division of Rehabilitation, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Masayuki Omoto
- Department of Orthopedics, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; Division of Rehabilitation, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hiroo Matsuse
- Department of Orthopedics, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; Division of Rehabilitation, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nago
- Department of Orthopedics, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; Division of Rehabilitation, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yoshio Takano
- Department of Physical Therapy School of Health Sciences at Fukuoka, International University Health and Welfare, Enokizu, Okawa, Japan
| | - Takato Ueno
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asakura Medical Association Hospital, Asakura, Japan; Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hironori Koga
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Naoto Shiba
- Department of Orthopedics, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; Division of Rehabilitation, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takuji Torimura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
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Irisin Ameliorates Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced Injury through Modulation of Histone Deacetylase 4. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166182. [PMID: 27875543 PMCID: PMC5119735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Irisin is a recently identified myokine which brings increases in energy expenditure and contributes to the beneficial effects of exercise through the browning of white adipose tissues. However, its effects in the heart remains unknown. This study sought to determine the effects of irisin on hypoxia/reoxygenation injury and its relationship with HDAC4. Wild type and stable HDAC4-overexpression cells were generated from H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. HDAC4 overexpression cells and wild type H9c2 cells were exposed to 24 hours of hypoxia followed by one hour of reoxygenation in vitro in the presence or absence of irisin (5 ng/ml). Cell cytotoxicity, apoptosis, mitochondrial respiration, and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) were determined. Western blotting was employed to determine active-caspase 3, annexin V, and HDAC4 expression. As compared to wild type H9c2 group, HDAC4 overexpression remarkably led to a great increase in cell death as evident by the increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, ratio of caspase-3-positive cells as well as the upregulated levels of active-caspase 3 and annexin V shown by western blot analysis. In addition, HDAC4 overexpression also induced much severe mitochondrial dysfunction, as indicated by apoptotic mitochondria and increased mPTP. However, irisin treatment significantly attenuated all of these effects. Though irisin treatment did not influence the expression of HDAC4 at the transcriptional level, western blot analysis showed that HDAC4 protein levels decreased in a time-dependent way after administration of irisin, which is associated with the degradation of HDAC4 mediated by small ubiquitin-like modification (SUMO). Our results are the first to demonstrate that the protective effects of irisin in cardiomyoblasts exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation might be associated with HDAC4 degradation.
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Hernandez-Trejo M, Garcia-Rivas G, Torres-Quintanilla A, Laresgoiti-Servitje E. Relationship between Irisin Concentration and Serum Cytokines in Mother and Newborn. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165229. [PMID: 27828992 PMCID: PMC5102349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Irisin is considered to be a myokine and adipokine that may also participate in reproductive functions, as it increases significantly throughout pregnancy. However, the regulation of circulating irisin and its relationship with other cytokines has not been assessed thus far in pregnant women and their offspring. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in irisin and cytokine concentrations between women at the end of pregnancy and their offspring, as well as the relationship between maternal and newborn irisin and maternal and newborn biomarkers. Methods Twenty-eight mother/newborn pairs were included in this study. The following biomarkers were evaluated in maternal venous and arterial umbilical cord blood samples: irisin, 27 cytokine panel, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total plasma protein, and free fatty acid concentration. Results The newborns had significantly lower irisin concentrations compared to their mothers (p = 0.03), but this difference was present only in babies born from mothers without labor prior to cesarean section delivery (p = 0.01). No significant differences in maternal and newborn irisin concentrations were found between diabetic and non-diabetic mothers or between overweight/obese and normal weight mothers. A significant positive correlation was found between TAC level and irisin concentration in newborns. Maternal and newborn interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1RA, IL-5, IL-7, and interferon gamma-induced protein (IP)-10 levels were significantly positively correlated with irisin concentrations in both study groups. In addition, maternal IL1β, IL-5, IL-7, and IP-10 levels positively predicted maternal irisin concentrations. Furthermore, arterial cord blood TAC and IL-1β and IL1-RA levels positively predicted newborn irisin concentrations. Multiple regression analyses showed that maternal IL-13 negatively predicted offspring irisin levels (p = 0.03) and that maternal IL-1β positively predicted newborn irisin concentrations (p = 0.046). Conclusion No evidence was found that serum irisin concentrations in mothers at pregnancy termination or those of their newborns correlated with maternal body mass index, the presence of diabetes mellitus, or free fatty acid levels. However, the results of this study indicated that cytokines might predict irisin concentration in mothers and their offspring, although interactions between irisin levels during pregnancy and the newborn have not yet been fully elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hernandez-Trejo
- Neurobiology of Development, Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Garcia-Rivas
- Catedra de Cardiologia, Escuela Nacional de Medicina, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, México
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica, Hospital Zambrano-Hellion, Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza-Garcia, Mexico
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104
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So WY, Leung PS. Irisin ameliorates hepatic glucose/lipid metabolism and enhances cell survival in insulin-resistant human HepG2 cells through adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 78:237-247. [PMID: 27452313 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Irisin is a newly identified myokine that promotes the browning of white adipose tissue, enhances glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and modulates hepatic metabolism. However, the signaling pathways involved in the effects on hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism have not been resolved. This study aimed to examine the role of irisin in the regulation of hepatic glucose/lipid metabolism and cell survival, and whether adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a master metabolic regulator in the liver, is involved in irisin's actions. Human liver-derived HepG2 cells were cultured in normal glucose-normal insulin (NGNI) or high glucose-high insulin (HGHI/insulin-resistant) condition. Hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism was evaluated by glucose output and glycogen content or triglyceride accumulation assays, respectively. Our results showed that irisin stimulated phosphorylation of AMPK and acetyl-CoA-carboxylase (ACC) via liver kinase B1 (LKB1) rather than Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) in HepG2 cells. Irisin ameliorated hepatic insulin resistance induced by HGHI condition. Irisin reduced hepatic triglyceride content and glucose output, but increased glycogen content, with those effects reversed by dorsomorphin, an AMPK inhibitor. Furthermore, irisin also stimulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 phosphorylation and promoted cell survival in an AMPK-dependent manner. In conclusion, our data indicate that irisin ameliorates dysregulation of hepatic glucose/lipid metabolism and cell death in insulin-resistant states via AMPK activation. These findings reveal a novel irisin-mediated protective mechanism in hepatic metabolism which provides a scientific basis for irisin as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Yan So
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Po Sing Leung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Mo L, Shen J, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Kuang J, Pu S, Cheng S, Zou M, Jiang W, Jiang C, Qu A, He J. Irisin Is Regulated by CAR in Liver and Is a Mediator of Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. Mol Endocrinol 2016; 30:533-42. [PMID: 27007446 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Irisin, a hormone proteolytically processed from fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), has been reported to induce the browning of sc adipocytes by increasing the level of uncoupling protein 1. In this study, we showed that activation of the nuclear receptor constitutive androstane receptor induced FNDC5 mRNA expression in the liver and increased the circulating level of irisin in mice. FNDC5/irisin is a direct transcriptional target of constitutive androstane receptor. Hepatic-released irisin functioned as a paracrine/autocrine factor that inhibited lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis via the Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase pathway. Adenovirus-overexpressed irisin improved hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in genetic-induced obese mice. Irisin transgenic mice were also protected against high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. In conclusion, our results reveal a novel pathway in regulating FNDC5/irisin expression and identify a physiological role for this hepatic hormone in glucose and lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Mo
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics (L.M.), Department of Pharmacy (J.S., J.K., S.P., S.C., M.Z., J.H.), Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction (Q.L., J.H.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Y.Z.), Molecular Medicine Research Center (W.J.), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (C.J.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (A.Q.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069
| | - Jing Shen
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics (L.M.), Department of Pharmacy (J.S., J.K., S.P., S.C., M.Z., J.H.), Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction (Q.L., J.H.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Y.Z.), Molecular Medicine Research Center (W.J.), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (C.J.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (A.Q.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069
| | - Qinhui Liu
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics (L.M.), Department of Pharmacy (J.S., J.K., S.P., S.C., M.Z., J.H.), Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction (Q.L., J.H.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Y.Z.), Molecular Medicine Research Center (W.J.), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (C.J.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (A.Q.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics (L.M.), Department of Pharmacy (J.S., J.K., S.P., S.C., M.Z., J.H.), Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction (Q.L., J.H.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Y.Z.), Molecular Medicine Research Center (W.J.), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (C.J.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (A.Q.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069
| | - Jiangying Kuang
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics (L.M.), Department of Pharmacy (J.S., J.K., S.P., S.C., M.Z., J.H.), Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction (Q.L., J.H.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Y.Z.), Molecular Medicine Research Center (W.J.), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (C.J.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (A.Q.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069
| | - Shiyun Pu
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics (L.M.), Department of Pharmacy (J.S., J.K., S.P., S.C., M.Z., J.H.), Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction (Q.L., J.H.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Y.Z.), Molecular Medicine Research Center (W.J.), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (C.J.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (A.Q.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069
| | - Shihai Cheng
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics (L.M.), Department of Pharmacy (J.S., J.K., S.P., S.C., M.Z., J.H.), Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction (Q.L., J.H.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Y.Z.), Molecular Medicine Research Center (W.J.), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (C.J.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (A.Q.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069
| | - Min Zou
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics (L.M.), Department of Pharmacy (J.S., J.K., S.P., S.C., M.Z., J.H.), Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction (Q.L., J.H.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Y.Z.), Molecular Medicine Research Center (W.J.), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (C.J.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (A.Q.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069
| | - Wei Jiang
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics (L.M.), Department of Pharmacy (J.S., J.K., S.P., S.C., M.Z., J.H.), Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction (Q.L., J.H.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Y.Z.), Molecular Medicine Research Center (W.J.), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (C.J.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (A.Q.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics (L.M.), Department of Pharmacy (J.S., J.K., S.P., S.C., M.Z., J.H.), Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction (Q.L., J.H.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Y.Z.), Molecular Medicine Research Center (W.J.), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (C.J.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (A.Q.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069
| | - Aijuan Qu
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics (L.M.), Department of Pharmacy (J.S., J.K., S.P., S.C., M.Z., J.H.), Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction (Q.L., J.H.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Y.Z.), Molecular Medicine Research Center (W.J.), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (C.J.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (A.Q.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069
| | - Jinhan He
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics (L.M.), Department of Pharmacy (J.S., J.K., S.P., S.C., M.Z., J.H.), Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction (Q.L., J.H.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Y.Z.), Molecular Medicine Research Center (W.J.), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (C.J.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (A.Q.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069
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Kraemer RR, Goldfarb AH, Reeves GV, Meachum WA, Castracane VD. Effects of partial vascular occlusion on irisin responses to loaded muscle contractions. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:332-4. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of partial vascular occlusion on irisin responses. Eight males completed trials of light (30% 1-repetition maximum (1RM)) resistance exercise (single biceps curls and calf presses) with partial vascular occlusion (LRO), moderate resistance (70% 1RM) with no occlusion (MR), and occlusion only (OO). Blood was collected before, after, and 15 min after exercise. Changes in circulating irisin were more affected during LRO than MR and OO trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert R. Kraemer
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA 70402, USA
| | - Allan H. Goldfarb
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA
| | - Greg V. Reeves
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA 70402, USA
| | - William A. Meachum
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Odessa, TX 79763, USA
| | - V. Daniel Castracane
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Odessa, TX 79763, USA
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107
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Tang H, Yu R, Liu S, Huwatibieke B, Li Z, Zhang W. Irisin Inhibits Hepatic Cholesterol Synthesis via AMPK-SREBP2 Signaling. EBioMedicine 2016; 6:139-148. [PMID: 27211556 PMCID: PMC4856751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Irisin, a myokine released during exercise, promotes browning of subcutaneous adipose tissue and regulates energy homeostasis. Although exercise constantly reduces blood cholesterol, whether irisin is involved in the regulation of cholesterol remains largely unknown. In the present study, subcutaneous infusion of irisin for 2weeks induced a reduction in plasma and hepatic cholesterol in high fat diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. These alterations were associated with an activation of 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibition of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 2 (SREBP2) transcription and nuclear translocation. In primary hepatocytes from either lean or DIO mice, irisin significantly decreased cholesterol content via sequential activation of AMPK and inhibition of SREBP2. Suppression of AMPK by compound C or AMPKα1 siRNA blocked irisin-induced alterations in cholesterol contents and SREBP2. In conclusion, irisin could suppress hepatic cholesterol production via a mechanism dependent of AMPK and SREBP2 signaling. These findings suggest that irisin is a promising therapeutic target for treatment of hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Ruili Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Shiying Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Bahetiyaer Huwatibieke
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Ziru Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0346, USA.
| | - Weizhen Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0346, USA.
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108
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DJ-1 deficiency alleviates steatosis in cultured hepatocytes. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-015-0689-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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109
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Gustavo Vazquez-Jimenez J, Chavez-Reyes J, Romero-Garcia T, Zarain-Herzberg A, Valdes-Flores J, Manuel Galindo-Rosales J, Rueda A, Guerrero-Hernandez A, Olivares-Reyes JA. Palmitic acid but not palmitoleic acid induces insulin resistance in a human endothelial cell line by decreasing SERCA pump expression. Cell Signal 2015; 28:53-9. [PMID: 26475209 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Palmitic acid is a negative regulator of insulin activity. At the molecular level, palmitic acid reduces insulin stimulated Akt Ser473 phosphorylation. Interestingly, we have found that incubation with palmitic acid of human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced a biphasic effect, an initial transient elevation followed by a sustained reduction of SERCA pump protein levels. However, palmitic acid produced a sustained inhibition of SERCA pump ATPase activity. Insulin resistance state appeared before there was a significant reduction of SERCA2 expression. The mechanism by which palmitic acid impairs insulin signaling may involve endoplasmic reticulum stress, because this fatty acid induced activation of both PERK, an ER stress marker, and JNK, a kinase associated with insulin resistance. None of these effects were observed by incubating HUVEC-CS cells with palmitoleic acid. Importantly, SERCA2 overexpression decreased the palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance state. All these results suggest that SERCA pump might be the target of palmitic acid to induce the insulin resistance state in a human vascular endothelial cell line. Importantly, these data suggest that HUVEC-CS cells respond to palmitic acid-exposure with a compensatory overexpression of SERCA pump within the first hour, which eventually fades out and insulin resistance prevails.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gustavo Vazquez-Jimenez
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico DF 07360, Mexico
| | - Jesus Chavez-Reyes
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico DF 07360, Mexico
| | - Tatiana Romero-Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico DF 07360, Mexico
| | - Angel Zarain-Herzberg
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Jesus Valdes-Flores
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico DF 07360, Mexico
| | - J Manuel Galindo-Rosales
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico DF 07360, Mexico
| | - Angelica Rueda
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico DF 07360, Mexico
| | - Agustin Guerrero-Hernandez
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico DF 07360, Mexico
| | - J Alberto Olivares-Reyes
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico DF 07360, Mexico.
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Vaughan RA, Gannon NP, Mermier CM, Conn CA. Irisin, a unique non-inflammatory myokine in stimulating skeletal muscle metabolism. J Physiol Biochem 2015; 71:679-89. [PMID: 26399516 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-015-0433-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Exercise offers several benefits for health, including increased lean body mass and heightened energy expenditure, which may be partially attributable to secretory factors known as myokines. Irisin, a recently identified myokine, was shown to increase metabolic rate and mitochondrial content in both myocytes and adipocytes; however, the mechanism(s) of action still remain largely unexplained. This work investigated if irisin functions by acting as an inflammatory myokine leading to cellular stress and energy expenditure. C2C12 myotubes were treated with various concentrations of irisin, TNFα, or IL6 for various durations. Glycolytic and oxidative metabolism, as well as mitochondrial uncoupling, were quantified by measurement of acidification and oxygen consumption, respectively. Metabolic gene and protein expression were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunoblotting, respectively. Mitochondrial content was assessed by fluorescent imaging. NFκB activity was assessed using an NFκB GFP-linked reporter system. Consistent with previous findings, irisin significantly increased expression of several genes including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) leading to increased mitochondrial content and oxygen consumption. Despite some similarities between TNFα and irisin treatment, irisin failed to activate the NFκB pathway like TNFα, suggesting that irisin may not act as an inflammatory signal. Irisin has several effects on myotube metabolism which appear to be dependent on substrate availability; however, the precise mechanism(s) by which irisin functions in skeletal muscle remain unclear. Our observations support the hypothesis that irisin does not function through inflammatory NFκB activation like other myokines (such as TNFα).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Vaughan
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, 833 Montlieu Ave., High Point, NC, 27268, USA. .,Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA. .,Department of Individual, Family, and Community Education: Nutrition, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - Nicholas P Gannon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA. .,School of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Christine M Mermier
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - Carole A Conn
- Department of Individual, Family, and Community Education: Nutrition, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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Polyzos SA, Mantzoros CS. An update on the validity of irisin assays and the link between irisin and hepatic metabolism. Metabolism 2015; 64:937-42. [PMID: 26130607 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stergios A Polyzos
- Second Medical Clinic, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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