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Tsiouplis NJ, Bailey DW, Chiou LF, Wissink FJ, Tsagaratou A. TET-Mediated Epigenetic Regulation in Immune Cell Development and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:623948. [PMID: 33520997 PMCID: PMC7843795 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.623948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
TET proteins oxidize 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and further oxidation products in DNA. The oxidized methylcytosines (oxi-mCs) facilitate DNA demethylation and are also novel epigenetic marks. TET loss-of-function is strongly associated with cancer; TET2 loss-of-function mutations are frequently observed in hematological malignancies that are resistant to conventional therapies. Importantly, TET proteins govern cell fate decisions during development of various cell types by activating a cell-specific gene expression program. In this review, we seek to provide a conceptual framework of the mechanisms that fine tune TET activity. Then, we specifically focus on the multifaceted roles of TET proteins in regulating gene expression in immune cell development, function, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas James Tsiouplis
- University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - David Wesley Bailey
- University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,University of North Carolina Center of Translational Immunology, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,University of North Carolina Institute of Inflammatory Disease, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lilly Felicia Chiou
- University of North Carolina Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Fiona Jane Wissink
- University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ageliki Tsagaratou
- University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,University of North Carolina Center of Translational Immunology, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,University of North Carolina Institute of Inflammatory Disease, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,University of North Carolina Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,University of North Carolina Department of Genetics, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,University of North Carolina Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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