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Akbarzadeh R, Yousefi AM. Effects of processing parameters in thermally induced phase separation technique on porous architecture of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014; 102:1304-15. [PMID: 24425207 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering makes use of 3D scaffolds to sustain three-dimensional growth of cells and guide new tissue formation. To meet the multiple requirements for regeneration of biological tissues and organs, a wide range of scaffold fabrication techniques have been developed, aiming to produce porous constructs with the desired pore size range and pore morphology. Among different scaffold fabrication techniques, thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) method has been widely used in recent years because of its potential to produce highly porous scaffolds with interconnected pore morphology. The scaffold architecture can be closely controlled by adjusting the process parameters, including polymer type and concentration, solvent composition, quenching temperature and time, coarsening process, and incorporation of inorganic particles. The objective of this review is to provide information pertaining to the effect of these parameters on the architecture and properties of the scaffolds fabricated by the TIPS technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Akbarzadeh
- Department of Chemical Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, 45056
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102
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Bencherif SA, Braschler TM, Renaud P. Advances in the design of macroporous polymer scaffolds for potential applications in dentistry. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2013; 43:251-61. [PMID: 24455437 PMCID: PMC3891856 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2013.43.6.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A paradigm shift is taking place in medicine and dentistry from using synthetic implants and tissue grafts to a tissue engineering approach that uses degradable porous three-dimensional (3D) material hydrogels integrated with cells and bioactive factors to regenerate tissues such as dental bone and other oral tissues. Hydrogels have been established as a biomaterial of choice for many years, as they offer diverse properties that make them ideal in regenerative medicine, including dental applications. Being highly biocompatible and similar to native extracellular matrix, hydrogels have emerged as ideal candidates in the design of 3D scaffolds for tissue regeneration and drug delivery applications. However, precise control over hydrogel properties, such as porosity, pore size, and pore interconnectivity, remains a challenge. Traditional techniques for creating conventional crosslinked polymers have demonstrated limited success in the formation of hydrogels with large pore size, thus limiting cellular infiltration, tissue ingrowth, vascularization, and matrix mineralization (in the case of bone) of tissue-engineered constructs. Emerging technologies have demonstrated the ability to control microarchitectural features in hydrogels such as the creation of large pore size, porosity, and pore interconnectivity, thus allowing the creation of engineered hydrogel scaffolds with a structure and function closely mimicking native tissues. In this review, we explore the various technologies available for the preparation of macroporous scaffolds and their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidi A. Bencherif
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas M. Braschler
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Microsystems, STI-LMIS4, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Renaud
- Laboratory of Microsystems, STI-LMIS4, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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103
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Chitosan macroporous foams obtained in highly concentrated emulsions as templates. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 410:33-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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104
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Fernandes-Silva S, Moreira-Silva J, Silva TH, Perez-Martin RI, Sotelo CG, Mano JF, Duarte ARC, Reis RL. Porous Hydrogels From Shark Skin Collagen Crosslinked Under Dense Carbon Dioxide Atmosphere. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:1621-31. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Fernandes-Silva
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineAvePark; 4806-909 Taipas Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães; Portugal
| | - Joana Moreira-Silva
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineAvePark; 4806-909 Taipas Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães; Portugal
| | - Tiago H. Silva
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineAvePark; 4806-909 Taipas Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães; Portugal
| | | | | | - João F. Mano
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineAvePark; 4806-909 Taipas Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães; Portugal
| | - Ana Rita C. Duarte
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineAvePark; 4806-909 Taipas Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães; Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineAvePark; 4806-909 Taipas Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães; Portugal
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105
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Duarte ARC, Santo VE, Alves A, Silva SS, Moreira-Silva J, Silva TH, Marques AP, Sousa RA, Gomes ME, Mano JF, Reis RL. Unleashing the potential of supercritical fluids for polymer processing in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. J Supercrit Fluids 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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106
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Fabiilli ML, Wilson CG, Padilla F, Martín-Saavedra FM, Fowlkes JB, Franceschi RT. Acoustic droplet-hydrogel composites for spatial and temporal control of growth factor delivery and scaffold stiffness. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:7399-409. [PMID: 23535233 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is regulated by temporally and spatially restricted patterns of growth factor signaling, but there are few delivery vehicles capable of the "on-demand" release necessary for recapitulating these patterns. Recently we described a perfluorocarbon double emulsion that selectively releases a protein payload upon exposure to ultrasound through a process known as acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV). In this study, we describe a delivery system composed of fibrin hydrogels doped with growth factor-loaded double emulsion for applications in tissue regeneration. Release of immunoreactive basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) from the composites increased up to 5-fold following ADV and delayed release was achieved by delaying exposure to ultrasound. Releasates of ultrasound-treated materials significantly increased the proliferation of endothelial cells compared to sham controls, indicating that the released bFGF was bioactive. ADV also triggered changes in the ultrastructure and mechanical properties of the fibrin as bubble formation and consolidation of the fibrin in ultrasound-treated composites were accompanied by up to a 22-fold increase in shear stiffness. ADV did not reduce the viability of cells suspended in composite scaffolds. These results demonstrate that an acoustic droplet-hydrogel composite could have broad utility in promoting wound healing through on-demand control of growth factor release and/or scaffold architecture.
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107
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Colosi C, Costantini M, Barbetta A, Pecci R, Bedini R, Dentini M. Morphological comparison of PVA scaffolds obtained by gas foaming and microfluidic foaming techniques. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:82-91. [PMID: 23214919 DOI: 10.1021/la303788z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we have exploited a microfluidic foaming technique for the generation of highly monodisperse gas-in-liquid bubbles as a templating system for scaffolds characterized by an ordered and homogeneous porous texture. An aqueous poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) solution (containing a surfactant) and a gas (argon) are injected simultaneously at constant flow rates in a flow-focusing device (FFD), in which the gas thread breaks up to form monodisperse bubbles. Immediately after its formation, the foam is collected and frozen in liquid nitrogen, freeze-dried, and cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. In order to highlight the superior morphological quality of the obtained porous material, a comparison between this scaffold and another one, also constituted of PVA but obtained with a traditional gas foaming technique, was carried out. Such a comparison has been conducted by analyzing electron microscopy and X-ray microtomographic images of the two samples. It turned out that the microfluidic produced scaffold was characterized by much more uniform porous texture than the gas-foaming one as witnessed by narrower pore size, interconnection, and wall thickness distributions. On the other side, scarce pore interconnectivity, relatively low pore volume, and limited production rate represent, by now, the principal disadvantages of microfluidic foaming as scaffold fabrication method, emphasizing the kind of improvement that this technique needs to undergo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Colosi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome La Sapienza, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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108
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Valente J, Valente T, Alves P, Ferreira P, Silva A, Correia I. Alginate based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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109
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Collins MN, Birkinshaw C. Hyaluronic acid based scaffolds for tissue engineering--a review. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 92:1262-79. [PMID: 23399155 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 662] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on hyaluronic acid (HA) tissue scaffolding materials. Scaffolds are defined in terms of formation mechanisms and mode of action. Solution properties are discussed as an understanding of the hydrodynamics of HA is fundamental in optimising the subsequent modification and the chemistries behind important tissue engineering applications that are emerging from recent research on this increasingly valuable carbohydrate polymer are described. Key scaffold characteristics such as mechanical, biological function and degradation are discussed. The latest technologies behind scaffold processing are assessed and the applications of HA based scaffolds are discussed.
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110
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Zhou H, Lawrence JG, Bhaduri SB. Fabrication aspects of PLA-CaP/PLGA-CaP composites for orthopedic applications: a review. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:1999-2016. [PMID: 22342596 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
For several decades, composites made of polylactic acid-calcium phosphates (PLA-CaP) and polylactic acid-co-glycolic acid-calcium phosphates (PLGA-CaP) have seen widespread uses in orthopedic applications. This paper reviews the fabrication aspects of these composites, following the ubiquitous materials science approach by studying "processing-structure-property" correlations. Various fabrication processes such as microencapsulation, phase separation, electrospinning, supercritical gas foaming, etc., are reviewed, with specific examples of their applications in fabricating these composites. The effect of the incorporation of CaP materials on the mechanical and biological performance of PLA/PLGA is addressed. In addition, this paper describes the state of the art on challenges and innovations concerning CaP dispersion, incorporation of biomolecules/stem cells and long-term degradation of the composites.
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