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Kaur I, Behl T, Bungau S, Kumar A, Mehta V, Setia D, Uddin MS, Zengin G, Aleya L, Arora S. Exploring the therapeutic promise of targeting HMGB1 in rheumatoid arthritis. Life Sci 2020; 258:118164. [PMID: 32739467 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) protein is a diverse, single polypeptide moiety, present in mammalian eukaryotic cells. In response to stimuli, this nuclear protein is actively secreted in to the extracellular compartment or passively released by the necrotic cells, in order to mediate inflammatory responses, by forming complexes with IL-1α, IL-1β, LPS and other moieties, and binding to RAGE, TLR and other receptor ligands, initiating downstream, signaling processes. This molecule acts as a proinflammatory cytokine and contributes to the progression of diseases like, acute lung injury, autoimmune liver damage, graft rejection immune response and arthritis. Small concentrations of HMGB1 are released during apoptosis, which facilitates oxidative regulation on Cys106, and propagates immune inactivating tolerogenic signals in the body. The review portrays the role of HMGB1 in rheumatoid arthritis, evidently supported by pre-clinical and clinical investigations, demonstrating extensive HMGB1 expression in synovial tissue and fluid as well as serum, excessive expression of transduction receptor signaling molecules, bone remodeling and uncontrolled expression of bone destroying osteoclastogenesis, resulting in destruction of articular cartilage, bone deformation and synovial proliferation, alleviating the pathogenesis in RA disease. Moreover, the review highlights the therapeutic regime targeting HMGB1, facilitating inhibition of its actions and release into the extracellular compartment, to ameliorate the destructive events that prevail in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine of Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Arun Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Vineet Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, Government College of Pharmacy, Rohru, Distt. Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Dhruv Setia
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Campus, Konya, Turkey
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Campus, Konya, Turkey; Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, France
| | - Sandeep Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Cystitis-Related Bladder Pain Involves ATP-Dependent HMGB1 Release from Macrophages and Its Downstream H 2S/Ca v3.2 Signaling in Mice. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081748. [PMID: 32707767 PMCID: PMC7463894 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystitis-related bladder pain involves RAGE activation by HMGB1, and increased Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channel activity by H2S, generated by upregulated cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) in mice treated with cyclophosphamide (CPA). We, thus, investigated possible crosstalk between the HMGB1/RAGE and CSE/H2S/Cav3.2 pathways in the bladder pain development. Bladder pain (nociceptive behavior/referred hyperalgesia) and immuno-reactive CSE expression in the bladder were determined in CPA-treated female mice. Cell signaling was analyzed in urothelial T24 and macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells. The CPA-induced bladder pain was abolished by pharmacological inhibition of T-type Ca2+ channels or CSE, and genetic deletion of Cav3.2. The CPA-induced CSE upregulation, as well as bladder pain was prevented by HMGB1 inactivation, inhibition of HMGB1 release from macrophages, antagonists of RAGE or P2X4/P2X7 receptors, and N-acetylcysteine, an antioxidant. Acrolein, a metabolite of CPA, triggered ATP release from T24 cells. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) stimulated cell migration via P2X7/P2X4, and caused HMGB1 release via P2X7 in RAW264.7 cells, which was dependent on p38MAPK/NF-κB signaling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Together, our data suggest that CPA, once metabolized to acrolein, causes urothelial ATP-mediated, redox-dependent HMGB1 release from macrophages, which in turn causes RAGE-mediated CSE upregulation and subsequent H2S-targeted Cav3.2-dependent nociceptor excitation, resulting in bladder pain.
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Kianian F, Kadkhodaee M, Sadeghipour HR, Karimian SM, Seifi B. An overview of high-mobility group box 1, a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine in asthma. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 31:jbcpp-2019-0363. [PMID: 32651983 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), also called amphoterin, HMG1 and p30, is a highly conserved protein between different species that has various functions in nucleus such as stabilization of nucleosome formation, facilitation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) bending and increasing the DNA transcription, replication and repair. It has also been indicated that HMGB1 acts as a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine with increasing concentrations in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. One central characteristic in its pathogenesis is airway inflammation. Considering the inflammatory role of HMGB1 and importance of inflammation in asthma pathogenesis, a better understanding of this protein is vital. This review describes the structure, cell surface receptors, signaling pathways and intracellular and extracellular functions of HMGB1, but also focuses on its inflammatory role in asthma. Moreover, this manuscript reviews experimental and clinical studies that investigated the pathologic role of HMGB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Kianian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehri Kadkhodaee
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Sadeghipour
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Morteza Karimian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behjat Seifi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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104
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Paudel YN, Angelopoulou E, Piperi C, Othman I, Shaikh MF. HMGB1-Mediated Neuroinflammatory Responses in Brain Injuries: Potential Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134609. [PMID: 32610502 PMCID: PMC7370155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain injuries are devastating conditions, representing a global cause of mortality and morbidity, with no effective treatment to date. Increased evidence supports the role of neuroinflammation in driving several forms of brain injuries. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein is a pro-inflammatory-like cytokine with an initiator role in neuroinflammation that has been implicated in Traumatic brain injury (TBI) as well as in early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Herein, we discuss the implication of HMGB1-induced neuroinflammatory responses in these brain injuries, mediated through binding to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), toll-like receptor4 (TLR4) and other inflammatory mediators. Moreover, we provide evidence on the biomarker potential of HMGB1 and the significance of its nucleocytoplasmic translocation during brain injuries along with the promising neuroprotective effects observed upon HMGB1 inhibition/neutralization in TBI and EBI induced by SAH. Overall, this review addresses the current advances on neuroinflammation driven by HMGB1 in brain injuries indicating a future treatment opportunity that may overcome current therapeutic gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yam Nath Paudel
- Neuropharmacology Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (Y.N.P.); (C.P.); (M.F.S.); Tel.: +6-01-8396-0285 (Y.N.P.); +30-210-746-2610 (C.P.); +60-3-5514-6000 (ext. 44483) or +60-3-5514-4483 (M.F.S.); Fax: +30-210-746-2703 (C.P.); +601-4283-2410 (M.F.S.)
| | - Efthalia Angelopoulou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: (Y.N.P.); (C.P.); (M.F.S.); Tel.: +6-01-8396-0285 (Y.N.P.); +30-210-746-2610 (C.P.); +60-3-5514-6000 (ext. 44483) or +60-3-5514-4483 (M.F.S.); Fax: +30-210-746-2703 (C.P.); +601-4283-2410 (M.F.S.)
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Neuropharmacology Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd. Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (Y.N.P.); (C.P.); (M.F.S.); Tel.: +6-01-8396-0285 (Y.N.P.); +30-210-746-2610 (C.P.); +60-3-5514-6000 (ext. 44483) or +60-3-5514-4483 (M.F.S.); Fax: +30-210-746-2703 (C.P.); +601-4283-2410 (M.F.S.)
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105
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Cao H, Yang L, Hou B, Sun D, Lin L, Song HL, Shen ZY. Heme oxygenase-1-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells combined with normothermic machine perfusion to protect donation after circulatory death liver grafts. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:218. [PMID: 32503631 PMCID: PMC7275432 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01736-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Donation after circulatory death (DCD) liver grafts have a poor prognosis after transplantation. We investigated whether the outcome of DCD donor organs can be improved by heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1)-modified bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) combined with normothermic machine perfusion (NMP), and explored its underlying mechanisms. METHODS BMMSCs were isolated, cultured, and transduced with the HO-1 gene. An NMP system was established. DCD rat livers were obtained, preserved by different methods, and the recipients were divided into 5 groups: sham operation, static cold storage (SCS), NMP, BMMSCs combined with NMP, and HO-1/BMMSCs combined with NMP (HBP) groups. Rats were sacrificed at 1, 7, and 14 days after surgery; their blood and liver tissue samples were collected; and liver enzyme and cytokine levels, liver histology, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) levels in monocytes and liver tissues, and expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway-related molecules were evaluated. RESULTS After liver transplantation, the SCS group showed significantly increased transaminase levels, liver tissue damage, and shorter survival time. The HBP group showed lower transaminase levels, intact liver morphology, prolonged survival time, and decreased serum and liver proinflammatory cytokine levels. In the NMP and SCS groups, HMGB1 expression in the serum, monocytes, and liver tissues and TLR4 pathway-related molecule expression were significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS HO-1/BMMSCs combined with NMP exerted protective effects on DCD donor liver and significantly improved recipient prognosis. The effect of HO-1/BMMSCs was greater than that of BMMSCs and was mediated via HMGB1 expression and TLR4 pathway inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Cao
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liu Yang
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, No. 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Hou
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Sun
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Lin
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Li Song
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, No. 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192 People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Yang Shen
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, No. 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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106
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Dong Y, Cao H, Cao R, Baranova A. TNFRSF12A and CD38 Contribute to a Vicious Circle for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Engaging Senescence Pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:330. [PMID: 32537452 PMCID: PMC7268922 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is dependent on chronic inflammation and is hypothesized to represent organ-specific senescence phenotype. Identification of senescence-associated gene drivers for the development of COPD is warranted. By employing automated pipeline, we have compiled lists of the genes implicated in COPD (N = 918) and of the genes changing their activity along with cell senescence (N = 262), with a significant (p < 7.06e-60) overlap between these datasets (N = 89). A mega-analysis and a partial mega-analysis were conducted for gene sets linked to senescence but not yet to COPD, in nine independent mRNA expression datasets comprised of tissue samples of COPD cases (N = 171) and controls (N = 256). Mega-analysis of expression has identified CD38 and TNFRSF12A (p < 2.12e-8) as genes not yet explored in a context of senescence-COPD connection. Functional pathway enrichment analysis allowed to generate a model, which explains accelerated aging phenotypes previously observed in COPD patients. Presented results call for investigation of the role of TNFRSF12A/CD38 balance in establishing a vicious cycle of unresolvable tissue remodeling in COPD lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dong
- Lianyungang Second People's Hospital, Lianyungang, China
| | - Hongbao Cao
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rongyuan Cao
- Lianyungang Second People's Hospital, Lianyungang, China
| | - Ancha Baranova
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States.,Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
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107
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Kundap UP, Paudel YN, Shaikh MF. Animal Models of Metabolic Epilepsy and Epilepsy Associated Metabolic Dysfunction: A Systematic Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13060106. [PMID: 32466498 PMCID: PMC7345684 DOI: 10.3390/ph13060106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a serious neurological disorder affecting around 70 million people globally and is characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures. Recent evidence indicates that dysfunction in metabolic processes can lead to the alteration of neuronal and network excitability, thereby contributing to epileptogenesis. Developing a suitable animal model that can recapitulate all the clinical phenotypes of human metabolic epilepsy (ME) is crucial yet challenging. The specific environment of many symptoms as well as the primary state of the applicable neurobiology, genetics, and lack of valid biomarkers/diagnostic tests are the key factors that hinder the process of developing a suitable animal model. The present systematic review summarizes the current state of available animal models of metabolic dysfunction associated with epileptic disorders. A systematic search was performed by using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) model. A range of electronic databases, including google scholar, Springer, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus, were scanned between January 2000 and April 2020. Based on the selection criteria, 23 eligible articles were chosen and are discussed in the current review. Critical analysis of the selected literature delineated several available approaches that have been modeled into metabolic epilepsy and pointed out several drawbacks associated with the currently available models. The result describes available models of metabolic dysfunction associated with epileptic disorder, such as mitochondrial respiration deficits, Lafora disease (LD) model-altered glycogen metabolism, causing epilepsy, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) deficiency, adiponectin responsive seizures, phospholipid dysfunction, glutaric aciduria, mitochondrial disorders, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) α-subunit gene (PDHA1), pyridoxine dependent epilepsy (PDE), BCL2-associated agonist of cell death (BAD), Kcna1 knock out (KO), and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) cancer susceptibility candidate 2 (lncRNA CASC2). Finally, the review highlights certain focus areas that may increase the possibilities of developing more suitable animal models and underscores the importance of the rationalization of animal models and evaluation methods for studying ME. The review also suggests the pressing need of developing precise robust animal models and evaluation methods for investigating ME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Praful Kundap
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center (CRCHUM), Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (U.P.K.); (Y.N.P.)
- Neuropharmacology Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Yam Nath Paudel
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center (CRCHUM), Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (U.P.K.); (Y.N.P.)
| | - Mohd. Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-551-44-483
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108
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Mei D, Tan WSD, Tay Y, Mukhopadhyay A, Wong WSF. Therapeutic RNA Strategies for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2020; 41:475-486. [PMID: 32434654 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow limitation with persistent respiratory symptoms. Current therapeutics for COPD are largely borrowed from the drug armamentarium for the treatment of asthma, which has different pathophysiological mechanisms from COPD. COPD has been linked to dysregulated expression of mRNAs and noncoding (nc)RNAs including miRNAs, PIWI-interacting (pi)RNAs, long noncoding (lnc)RNAs, and circular (circ)RNAs. This review highlights and discusses some recent advances towards development of RNA therapeutics for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Mei
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 117600
| | - W S Daniel Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 117600
| | - Yvonne Tay
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 117597
| | - Amartya Mukhopadhyay
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore 119228
| | - W S Fred Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 117600; Immunology Program, Life Science Institute; National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456; Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138602.
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Arctigenin exhibits hepatoprotective activity in Toxoplasma gondii-infected host through HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106539. [PMID: 32361192 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic zoonosis with the highest incidence in humans. Severe lesions due to acute toxoplasmosis have been recorded in the visceral organs including the liver, where hepatocytes and Kupffer cells are important innate immune cells. Arctigenin (AG) is a bioactive ingredient of Arctium lappa L. and increasing evidence suggests that AG exhibits anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) effects. However, the role of AG in acute liver damage induced by T. gondii infection remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed the effects of AG against T. gondii-induced liver damage by establishing an in vitro infection model using a murine liver cell line (NCTC-1469 cells) and an in vivo mouse model with acute T. gondii infection of virulent RH strain. In the current study, AG effectively attenuated hepatocytes apoptosis and inhibited the reproduction of T. gondii. The results of in vitro and in vivo studies showed that AG significantly reduced alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase activities and lessened pathological damage of liver. Moreover, AG suppressed T. gondii-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase production. AG also attenuated liver inflammation by inhibiting T. gondii-induced activation of the high-mobility group box1/toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B (HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB) signaling pathway. These findings demonstrated that AG exhibited prominent hepatoprotective activities in toxoplasmic liver injury with anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling axis. Thus, this study provides the basis for the development of new drugs to treat toxoplasmic hepatitis.
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Paudel YN, Angelopoulou E, Piperi C, Othman I, Shaikh MF. Implication of HMGB1 signaling pathways in Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): From molecular mechanisms to pre-clinical results. Pharmacol Res 2020; 156:104792. [PMID: 32278047 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating and rapidly progressing neurodegenerative disorder with no effective disease-modifying treatment up to date. The underlying molecular mechanisms of ALS are not yet completely understood. However, the critical role of the innate immune system and neuroinflammation in ALS pathogenesis has gained increased attention. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a typical damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule, acting as a pro-inflammatory cytokine mainly through activation of its principal receptors, the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) which are crucial components of the innate immune system. HMGB1 is an endogenous ligand for both RAGE and TLR4 that mediate its biological effects. Herein, on the ground of pre-clinical findings we unravel the underlying mechanisms behind the plausible contribution of HMGB1 and its receptors (RAGE and TLR4) in the ALS pathogenesis. Furthermore, we provide an account of the therapeutic outcomes associated with inhibition/blocking of HMGB1 receptor signalling in preventing motor neuron's death and delaying disease progression in ALS experimental models. There is strong evidence that HMGB1, RAGE and TLR4 signaling axes might present potential targets against ALS, opening a novel headway in ALS research that could plausibly bridge the current treatment gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yam Nath Paudel
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Efthalia Angelopoulou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Paudel YN, Kumari Y, Abidin SAZ, Othman I, Shaikh MF. Pilocarpine Induced Behavioral and Biochemical Alterations in Chronic Seizure-Like Condition in Adult Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072492. [PMID: 32260203 PMCID: PMC7178024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a devastating neurological condition exhibited by repeated spontaneous and unpredictable seizures afflicting around 70 million people globally. The basic pathophysiology of epileptic seizures is still elusive, reflecting an extensive need for further research. Developing a novel animal model is crucial in understanding disease mechanisms as well as in assessing the therapeutic target. Most of the pre-clinical epilepsy research has been focused on rodents. Nevertheless, zebrafish disease models are relevant to human disease pathophysiology hence are gaining increased attention nowadays. The current study for the very first time developed a pilocarpine-induced chronic seizure-like condition in adult zebrafish and investigated the modulation in several neuroinflammatory genes and neurotransmitters after pilocarpine exposures. Seizure score analysis suggests that compared to a single dose, repeated dose pilocarpine produces chronic seizure-like effects maintaining an average seizure score of above 2 each day for a minimum of 10 days. Compared to the single dose pilocarpine treated group, there was increased mRNA expression of HMGB1, TLR4, TNF-α, IL-1, BDNF, CREB-1, and NPY; whereas decreased expression of NF-κB was upon the repeated dose of pilocarpine administration. In addition, the epileptic group demonstrates modulation in neurotransmitters levels such as GABA, Glutamate, and Acetylcholine. Moreover, proteomic profiling of the zebrafish brain from the normal and epileptic groups from LCMS/MS quantification detected 77 and 13 proteins in the normal and epileptic group respectively. Summing up, the current investigation depicted that chemically induced seizures in zebrafish demonstrated behavioral and molecular alterations similar to classical rodent seizure models suggesting the usability of adult zebrafish as a robust model to investigate epileptic seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yam Nath Paudel
- Neuropharmacology Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; (Y.N.P.); (Y.K.); (I.O.)
| | - Yatinesh Kumari
- Neuropharmacology Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; (Y.N.P.); (Y.K.); (I.O.)
| | - Syafiq Asnawi Zainal Abidin
- LC-MS/MS Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Neuropharmacology Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; (Y.N.P.); (Y.K.); (I.O.)
- LC-MS/MS Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd. Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; (Y.N.P.); (Y.K.); (I.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603 5514 4483
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Activation of Human γδ T Cells: Modulation by Toll-Like Receptor 8 Ligands and Role of Monocytes. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030713. [PMID: 32183240 PMCID: PMC7140608 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human Vγ9Vδ2 γδ T cells can kill a variety of cancer cells and have attracted substantial interest for cancer immunotherapy. Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands are promising adjuvants for cancer immunotherapy, but TLR7/8 ligand Resiquimod has been shown to inhibit CD4 T-cell activation in a monocyte-dependent manner. Therefore, we studied the modulation of human γδ T-cell activation by TLR7/8 ligands. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or purified γδ T cells together with purified monocytes were stimulated with zoledronic acid or phosphoantigens in the absence or presence of various imidazoquinoline TLR7 or TLR8 agonists. Read-out systems included interferon-γ induction and cellular expansion of γδ T cells, as well as viability, cell surface antigen modulation, and IL-1β and TNF-α production of monocytes. Results: TLR8 ligand TL8-506 and TLR7/8 ligand Resiquimod (but not TLR7 ligands) rapidly induced IFN-γ expression in γδ T cells within PBMC, and co-stimulated phosphoantigen-induced IFN-γ expression in γδ T cells. On the other hand, TLR8 ligands potently suppressed γδ T-cell expansion in response to zoledronic acid and phosphoantigen. Purified monocytes secreted large amounts of IL-1β and TNF-α when stimulated with TLR8 ligands but simultaneously underwent substantial cell death after 24 h. Conclusions: TLR8 ligand-activated monocytes potently co-stimulate early γδ T-cell activation but failed to provide accessory cell function for in vitro expansion of γδ T cells.
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113
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Irie Y, Tsubota M, Maeda M, Hiramoto S, Sekiguchi F, Ishikura H, Wake H, Nishibori M, Kawabata A. HMGB1 and its membrane receptors as therapeutic targets in an intravesical substance P-induced bladder pain syndrome mouse model. J Pharmacol Sci 2020; 143:112-116. [PMID: 32222337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
HMGB1, a nuclear protein, once released to the extracellular space, promotes somatic and visceral pain signals. We thus analyzed the role of HMGB1 in an intravesical substance P-induced bladder pain syndrome (BPS) mouse model. Intravesical administration of substance P caused referred hyperalgesia/allodynia in the lower abdomen and hindpaw without producing severe urothelial damage, which was prevented by an anti-HMGB1-neutralizing antibody, thrombomodulin α capable of inactivating HMGB1 and antagonists of RAGE or CXCR4. The HMGB1 inactivation or RAGE blockade also reversed the established bladder pain symptoms. HMGB1 and RAGE are thus considered to serve as therapeutic targets for BPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Irie
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan; Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Fukuoka University, Hospital, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Maho Tsubota
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Mariko Maeda
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Shiori Hiramoto
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Fumiko Sekiguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Ishikura
- Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Fukuoka University, Hospital, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Hidenori Wake
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishibori
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Atsufumi Kawabata
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
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114
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Frasca L, Lande R. Toll-like receptors in mediating pathogenesis in systemic sclerosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 201:14-24. [PMID: 32048277 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved receptors essential for the host defence against pathogens. Both immune and non-immune cells can express TLRs, although at different levels. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic disease in which autoimmunity, dysregulated profibrotic mediator release and activation of fibroblasts lead to dysregulated collagen deposition and fibrosis. There is now increasing knowledge that the innate immune system and, in particular, TLRs take a part in SSc pathogenesis. The list of endogenous ligands that can stimulate TLRs in SSc is growing: these ligands represent specific danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), involved either in the initiation or the perpetuation of inflammation, and in the release of factors that sustain the fibrotic process or directly stimulate the cells that produce collagen and the endothelial cells. This review reports evidences concerning TLR signalling involvement in SSc. We report the new DAMPs, as well as the TLR-linked pathways involved in disease, with emphasis on type I interferon signature in SSc, the role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and platelets. The dissection of the contribution of all these pathways to disease, and their correlation with the disease status, as well as their values as prognostic tools, can help to plan timely intervention and design new drugs for more appropriate therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Frasca
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Pharmacological Research and Experimental Therapy Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - R Lande
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Pharmacological Research and Experimental Therapy Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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115
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Paudel YN, Angelopoulou E, Semple B, Piperi C, Othman I, Shaikh MF. Potential Neuroprotective Effect of the HMGB1 Inhibitor Glycyrrhizin in Neurological Disorders. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:485-500. [PMID: 31972087 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhizin (glycyrrhizic acid), a bioactive triterpenoid saponin constituent of Glycyrrhiza glabra, is a traditional medicine possessing a plethora of pharmacological anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiaging properties. It is a known pharmacological inhibitor of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a ubiquitous protein with proinflammatory cytokine-like activity. HMGB1 has been implicated in an array of inflammatory diseases when released extracellularly, mainly by activating intracellular signaling upon binding to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). HMGB1 neutralization strategies have demonstrated disease-modifying outcomes in several preclinical models of neurological disorders. Herein, we reveal the potential neuroprotective effects of glycyrrhizin against several neurological disorders. Emerging findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of glycyrrhizin against several HMGB1-mediated pathological conditions including traumatic brain injury, neuroinflammation and associated conditions, epileptic seizures, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Glycyrrhizin's effects in neurological disorders are mainly attributed to the attenuation of neuronal damage by inhibiting HMGB1 expression and translocation as well as by downregulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines. A large number of preclinical findings supports the notion that glycyrrhizin might be a promising therapeutic alternative to overcome the shortcomings of the mainstream therapeutic strategies against neurological disorders, mainly by halting disease progression. However, future research is warranted for a deeper exploration of the precise underlying molecular mechanism as well as for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yam Nath Paudel
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 46150, Malaysia
| | - Efthalia Angelopoulou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Bridgette Semple
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne 3800, Australia
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 46150, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 46150, Malaysia
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116
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Impact of HMGB1, RAGE, and TLR4 in Alzheimer's Disease (AD): From Risk Factors to Therapeutic Targeting. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020383. [PMID: 32046119 PMCID: PMC7072620 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder and a leading cause of dementia, with accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) as defining pathological features. AD presents a serious global health concern with no cure to date, reflecting the complexity of its pathogenesis. Recent evidence indicates that neuroinflammation serves as the link between amyloid deposition, Tau pathology, and neurodegeneration. The high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein, an initiator and activator of neuroinflammatory responses, has been involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. HMGB1 is a typical damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) protein that exerts its biological activity mainly through binding to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). RAGE and TLR4 are key components of the innate immune system that both bind to HMGB1. Targeting of HMGB1, RAGE, and TLR4 in experimental AD models has demonstrated beneficial effects in halting AD progression by suppressing neuroinflammation, reducing Aβ load and production, improving spatial learning, and inhibiting microglial stimulation. Herein, we discuss the contribution of HMGB1 and its receptor signaling in neuroinflammation and AD pathogenesis, providing evidence of its beneficial effects upon therapeutic targeting.
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117
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Zhang K, Fan C, Cai D, Zhang Y, Zuo R, Zhu L, Cao Y, Zhang J, Liu C, Chen Y, Liang H. Contribution of TGF-Beta-Mediated NLRP3-HMGB1 Activation to Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis in Rat With Angiotensin II-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:1. [PMID: 32117956 PMCID: PMC7012792 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common phenotype that often leads to the progression of blood pressure-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD). TGF-beta plays an important role in promoting pathogenesis, and NLRP3 is a critical mediator in the progression of blood pressure-induced CKD. However, the pathophysiological roles of the TGF-beta-mediated NLRP3 pathway in modulating fibrosis in blood pressure-induced CKD have not been elucidated. The present study aims to investigate the contribution of TGF-beta-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome to renal fibrosis in rats with high blood pressure. By treating rats with angiotensin II (Ang II) for 14 days, we observed the development of fibrosis, characterized by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers [alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), MMP-2, and MMP-9]. Immunohistochemical analysis further revealed that TGF-beta and NLRP3 inflammasome activation [high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), IL-1beta, and NLRP3] were significantly upregulated in the kidney of rats with Ang II-induced hypertension. Interestingly, we observed that Ang II could not increase the production of NLRP3 proteins, but TGF-beta could induce NLRP3 protein expression in cultured NRK-52E cells. Furthermore, we speculated that TGF-beta played a pathogenic role in Ang II-induced CKD because TGF-beta induced the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes and Gasdermin D cleavage expression. We also proved that the pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 by ISO caused a decrease in TGF-beta-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the expression of EMT markers (alpha-SMA and CollagenI) and Gasdermin D cleavage. Collectively, these results suggest that TGF-beta-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation may cause the release of HMGB1 and an increase in Gasdermin D cleavage in NRK-52E, thereby contributing to renal fibrosis in Ang II-induced CKD. These findings provide novel insights into the pathogenic role of NLRP3 in CKD associated with high blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaimin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongpeng Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zuo
- School of Pharmaceutical, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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118
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The Role of Serotonin in Concanavalin A-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020. [PMID: 31998441 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7504521.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin is involved in the pathological processes of several liver diseases via the regulation of inflammatory response and oxidative stress. We aimed to investigate the role of serotonin in Concanavalin A- (Con A-) induced acute liver injury (ALI). ALI was induced in C57B/6 wild-type (WT) mice and tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) knockout mice through tail vein injection of Con A (15 mg/kg body weight). Another group of TPH1 knockout ALI mice was supplied with 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in advance to recover serotonin. The blood and liver tissues of mice were collected in all groups. Markedly increased serum levels of serotonin were identified after the injection of Con A. Increased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and stronger hepatic tissue pathology were detected, suggesting that serotonin could mediate Con A-induced liver damage. Serotonin significantly facilitated the release of serum and intrahepatic inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-17A (IL-17A), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis-alpha (TNF-α), after the administration of Con A. In addition, serotonin significantly increased the intrahepatic levels of oxidative stress markers malonaldehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and nitric oxide (NO) and decreased antioxidant stress indicator glutathione (GSH) in Con A-treated mice. Additionally, serotonin promoted hepatocyte apoptosis and autophagy based on B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-asociated X protein (Bax), and Beclin-1 levels and TUNEL staining. More importantly, serotonin activated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and upregulated the hepatic expressions of high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), and downstream molecules in Con A-mediated liver injury. Serotonin 2A receptor was upregulated in liver tissue after Con A injection, and serotonin 2A receptor antagonist Ketanserin protected against Con A-induced hepatitis. These results indicated that serotonin has the potential to aggravate Con A-induced ALI via the promotion of inflammatory response, oxidative stress injury, and hepatocyte apoptosis and the activation of hepatic HMGB1-TLR signaling pathway and serotonin 2A receptor.
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119
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The Role of Serotonin in Concanavalin A-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7504521. [PMID: 31998441 PMCID: PMC6969644 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7504521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin is involved in the pathological processes of several liver diseases via the regulation of inflammatory response and oxidative stress. We aimed to investigate the role of serotonin in Concanavalin A- (Con A-) induced acute liver injury (ALI). ALI was induced in C57B/6 wild-type (WT) mice and tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) knockout mice through tail vein injection of Con A (15 mg/kg body weight). Another group of TPH1 knockout ALI mice was supplied with 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in advance to recover serotonin. The blood and liver tissues of mice were collected in all groups. Markedly increased serum levels of serotonin were identified after the injection of Con A. Increased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and stronger hepatic tissue pathology were detected, suggesting that serotonin could mediate Con A-induced liver damage. Serotonin significantly facilitated the release of serum and intrahepatic inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-17A (IL-17A), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis-alpha (TNF-α), after the administration of Con A. In addition, serotonin significantly increased the intrahepatic levels of oxidative stress markers malonaldehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and nitric oxide (NO) and decreased antioxidant stress indicator glutathione (GSH) in Con A-treated mice. Additionally, serotonin promoted hepatocyte apoptosis and autophagy based on B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-asociated X protein (Bax), and Beclin-1 levels and TUNEL staining. More importantly, serotonin activated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and upregulated the hepatic expressions of high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), and downstream molecules in Con A-mediated liver injury. Serotonin 2A receptor was upregulated in liver tissue after Con A injection, and serotonin 2A receptor antagonist Ketanserin protected against Con A-induced hepatitis. These results indicated that serotonin has the potential to aggravate Con A-induced ALI via the promotion of inflammatory response, oxidative stress injury, and hepatocyte apoptosis and the activation of hepatic HMGB1-TLR signaling pathway and serotonin 2A receptor.
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120
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Ma JQ, Sun YZ, Ming QL, Tian ZK, Zhang YJ, Liu CM. Effects of gastrodin against carbon tetrachloride induced kidney inflammation and fibrosis in mice associated with the AMPK/Nrf2/HMGB1 pathway. Food Funct 2020; 11:4615-4624. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00711k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Gastrodin (GAS), the main phenolic glycoside extracted from Gastrodia elata Blume, exhibits potential renoprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Qiong Ma
- School of Chemistry Engineering
- Sichuan University of Science and Engineering
- Zigong City
- PR China
| | - Yun-Zhi Sun
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine
- Shandong Liming Polytechnic Vocational College
- Jinan City
- PR China
| | - Qing-Lei Ming
- School of Life Science
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou City
- PR China
| | - Zhi-Kai Tian
- School of Life Science
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou City
- PR China
| | - Yu-Jia Zhang
- School of Life Science
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou City
- PR China
| | - Chan-Min Liu
- School of Life Science
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou City
- PR China
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121
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Porter RJ, Murray GI, Brice DP, Petty RD, McLean MH. Novel biomarkers for risk stratification of Barrett's oesophagus associated neoplastic progression-epithelial HMGB1 expression and stromal lymphocytic phenotype. Br J Cancer 2019; 122:545-554. [PMID: 31831860 PMCID: PMC7028982 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0685-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma is increasing globally. Barrett's oesophagus (BO) is a pre-malignant condition with no biomarker to risk stratify those at highest risk of dysplasia and malignant transformation. METHODS Subcellular epithelial protein (HMGB1, p53, RUNX3) expression, alongside expression of CD20, CD4, CD8 and Foxp3 to characterise stromal B lymphocyte, and helper, cytotoxic and regulatory T-lymphocyte cell infiltrate, respectively, was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 218 human tissue samples including normal oesophageal/gastric biopsies (n = 39), BO (non-dysplasia, dysplasia, non-dysplastic background from progressors to dysplasia or cancer, n = 121) and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (n = 58). RESULTS There is a dynamic subcellular epithelial expression of HMGB1 (loss of nuclear, emergence of cytoplasmic), associated with epithelial p53 expression and differential immune cell phenotype in oesophageal neoplastic progression. We identify a protein signature and lymphocyte infiltrate in non-dysplastic BO when progressive disease (dysplasia or adenocarcinoma) is present but not histologically represented in the biopsied field. There is a dynamic stromal lymphocytic infiltrate in oesophageal neoplastic progression. CONCLUSIONS This data reveals novel insights into the microenvironment of BO and progression towards cancer and identifies a novel high-risk biomarker of disease progression to aid surveillance strategies to identify early progression and impact future incidence of oesophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross J Porter
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Graeme I Murray
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Daniel P Brice
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Russell D Petty
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 1GZ, UK
| | - Mairi H McLean
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
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122
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Paudel YN, Angelopoulou E, C BK, Piperi C, Othman I. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein in Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Life Sci 2019; 238:116924. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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123
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Lee CH. Reversal of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Natural Anti-Inflammatory and Pro-Resolving Lipids. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1841. [PMID: 31766574 PMCID: PMC6966475 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key process in the progression of malignant cancer. Therefore, blocking the EMT can be a critical fast track for the development of anticancer drugs. In this paper, we update recent research output of EMT and we explore suppression of EMT by natural anti-inflammatory compounds and pro-resolving lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Korea
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124
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Qian QQ, Zhang X, Wang YW, Xu JW, Dong HQ, Li NN, Qian YN, Gui B. Pro-inflammatory role of high-mobility group box-1 on brain mast cells via the RAGE/NF-κB pathway. J Neurochem 2019; 151:595-607. [PMID: 31520526 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine contributing to the occurrence of many central inflammatory and infectious disorders. Brain mast cells (MCs) are the first responders to peripheral inflammatory stimulation because of their rapid response to external stimuli coupled with their release of preformed and newly synthesized reactive chemicals. Little is known about the involvement of brain MCs in the pro-inflammatory effects of HMGB-1 on the central nervous system (CNS). Thus, we investigated the activation process of MCs by HMGB-1 and explored whether this process is involved in the pro-inflammatory effects of HMGB-1 on the CNS. In this study, we used P815 cells to study the activating role of HMGB-1 on MCs and to explore its potential mechanism in vitro. In an in vivo study, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats received i.c.v. injection of sterile saline or cromoglycate (stabilizer of MCs) 30 min prior to i.p. injection of HMGB-1. Increased levels of tumor necrosis factor and IL-1β were observed in the P815 cells, as well as in the rats' brains, after HMGB-1 treatment. Pretreatment with the receptor of advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE)-siRNA inhibited the HMGB-1-induced inflammatory process in the P815 cells. Activation of the RAGE/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway was observed in both the P815 cells and rats' brains. In addition, HMGB-1 induced the accumulation of brain MCs in the hippocampal CA1 region, and the blood-brain barrier was disrupted. Pretreatment with cromoglycate, a stabilizer of MCs, mitigated these HMGB-1-induced pro-inflammatory processes in rats. These findings indicate that brain MCs are involved in the pro-inflammatory effect of HMGB-1 on the CNS, probably via activating the RAGE/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Wei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Wen Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Quan Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na-Na Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-Ning Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Gui
- Department of Anesthesiology, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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