101
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A review on comb-shaped amphiphilic polymers for hydrophobic drug solubilization. Ther Deliv 2012; 3:59-79. [PMID: 22833933 DOI: 10.4155/tde.11.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Comb-shaped amphiphilic polymers are rapidly emerging as an alternative approach to amphiphilic block copolymers for hydrophobic drug solubilization. These polymers consist of a homopolymer or copolymer backbone to which hydrophobic and hydrophilic pendant groups can be grafted resulting in a comb-like architecture. The hydrophobic pendants may consist of homopolymers, copolymers and other low-molecular weight hydrophobic structures. In this review, we focus on hydrophobically modified preformed homopolymers. Comb-shaped amphiphilic polymers possess reduced critical aggregation concentration values compared with traditional surfactant micelles indicating increased stability with decreased disruption experienced on dilution. They have been fabricated with diverse architectures and multifunctional properties such as site-specific targeting and external stimuli-responsive nature. The application of comb-shaped amphiphilic polymers is expanding; here we report on the progress achieved so far in hydrophobic drug solubilization for both intravenous and oral delivery.
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102
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Filippov SK, Chytil P, Konarev PV, Dyakonova M, Papadakis C, Zhigunov A, Plestil J, Stepanek P, Etrych T, Ulbrich K, Svergun DI. Macromolecular HPMA-Based Nanoparticles with Cholesterol for Solid-Tumor Targeting: Detailed Study of the Inner Structure of a Highly Efficient Drug Delivery System. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:2594-604. [DOI: 10.1021/bm3008555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey K. Filippov
- Institute of Macromolecular
Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Heyrovský Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague
6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Chytil
- Institute of Macromolecular
Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Heyrovský Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague
6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr V. Konarev
- European Molecular
Biology Laboratory, EMBL c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Margarita Dyakonova
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Physik-Department,
Fachgebiet
Physik weicher Materie, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - ChristineM. Papadakis
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Physik-Department,
Fachgebiet
Physik weicher Materie, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Zhigunov
- Institute of Macromolecular
Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Heyrovský Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague
6, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Plestil
- Institute of Macromolecular
Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Heyrovský Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague
6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Stepanek
- Institute of Macromolecular
Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Heyrovský Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague
6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular
Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Heyrovský Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague
6, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Ulbrich
- Institute of Macromolecular
Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Heyrovský Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague
6, Czech Republic
| | - Dmitri I. Svergun
- European Molecular
Biology Laboratory, EMBL c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany
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103
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Chytil P, Etrych T, Kostka L, Ulbrich K. Hydrolytically Degradable Polymer Micelles for Anticancer Drug Delivery to Solid Tumors. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201100632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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104
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Polymer coatings for delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics. J Control Release 2012; 161:537-53. [PMID: 22366547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gene delivery remains the greatest challenge in applying nucleic acid therapeutic for a broad range of diseases. Combining stability during the delivery phase with activation and transgene expression following arrival at the target site requires sophisticated vectors that can discriminate between cell types and respond to target-associated conditions to trigger expression. Efficient intravenous delivery is the greatest single hurdle, with synthetic vectors frequently found to be unstable in the harsh conditions of the bloodstream, and viral vectors often recognized avidly by both the innate and the adaptive immune system. Both types of vectors benefit from coating with hydrophilic polymers. Self-assembling polyelectrolyte non-viral vectors can achieve both steric and lateral stabilization following surface coating, endowing them with much improved systemic circulation properties and better access to disseminated targets; similarly viral vectors can be 'stealthed' and their physical properties modulated by surface coating. Both types of vectors may also have their tropism changed following chemical linkage of novel ligands to the polymer coating. These families of vectors go some way towards realizing the goal of efficient systemic delivery of genes and should find a range of important uses in bringing this still-emerging field to fruition.
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105
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Coyne CP, Jones T, Bear R. Synthesis of a covalent epirubicin-(C(3)-amide)-anti-HER2/neu immunochemotherapeutic utilizing a UV-photoactivated anthracycline intermediate. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2012; 27:41-55. [PMID: 22191802 PMCID: PMC4361169 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2011.1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The C(3)-monoamine on the carbohydrate moiety (daunosamine -NH(2)-3') of epirubicin was reacted under anhydrous conditions with succinimidyl 4,4-azipentanoate to create a covalent UV-photoactivated epirubicin-(C(3)-amide) intermediate with primary amine-reactive properties. A synthetic covalent bond between the UV-photoactivated epirubicin-(C(3)-amide) intermediate and the ɛ-amine of lysine residues within the amino acid sequence of anti-HER2/neu monoclonal immunoglobulin was subsequently created by exposure to UV light (354 nm) for 15 minutes. Size-separation by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis combined with immunodetection analysis and chemiluminescent autoradiographic imaging revealed a lack of IgG-IgG polymerization or degradative protein fragmentation of the covalent epirubicin-(C(3)-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu] immunochemotherapeutic. Retained binding-avidity of epirubicin-(C(3)-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu] was validated by cell-ELISA utilizing monolayer populations of chemotherapeutic-resistant mammary adenocarcinoma SKBr-3 which highly overexpress membrane-associated HER2/neu complexes. Between epirubicin-equivalent concentrations of 10(-10) to 10(-6) M the covalent epirubicin-(C(3)-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu] immunochemotherapeutic consistently evoked levels of cytotoxic anti-neoplastic potency that were highly analogous to chemotherapeutic-equivalent concentrations of epirubicin. Cytotoxic anti-neoplastic potency of epirubicin-(C(3)-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu] against chemotherapeutic-resistant mammary adenocarcinoma SKBr-3 challenged with epirubicin-(C(3)-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu] at an epirubicin-equivalent concentration of 10(-6) M was 88.5% (e.g., 11.5% residual survival). Between final epirubicin-equivalent concentrations of 10(-8) and 10(-7) M there was a marked threshold increase in the mean cytotoxic anti-neoplastic activity for epirubicin-(C(3)-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu] from 9.9% to 66.9% (90.2% to 33.1% residual survival).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody P Coyne
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA.
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106
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Moad G, Rizzardo E, Thang SH. Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process – A Third Update. Aust J Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1071/ch12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 825] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a third update to the review of reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) achieved with thiocarbonylthio compounds (ZC(=S)SR) by a mechanism of reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) that was published in June 2005 (Aust. J. Chem. 2005, 58, 379). The first update was published in November 2006 (Aust. J. Chem. 2006, 59, 669) and the second in December 2009 (Aust. J. Chem. 2009, 62, 1402). This review cites over 700 publications that appeared during the period mid 2009 to early 2012 covering various aspects of RAFT polymerization which include reagent synthesis and properties, kinetics and mechanism of polymerization, novel polymer syntheses, and a diverse range of applications. This period has witnessed further significant developments, particularly in the areas of novel RAFT agents, techniques for end-group transformation, the production of micro/nanoparticles and modified surfaces, and biopolymer conjugates both for therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
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107
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Etrych T, Strohalm J, Chytil P, Říhová B, Ulbrich K. Novel star HPMA-based polymer conjugates for passive targeting to solid tumors. J Drug Target 2011; 19:874-89. [PMID: 21978286 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2011.622402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Novel star polymer-doxorubicin conjugates designed for passive tumor targeting have been developed and their potential for treatment of cancer has been investigated. In the present study the synthesis, physico-chemical characterization, drug release, bio-distribution and preliminary data of in vivo efficacy of the conjugates are described. In the water-soluble conjugates the core of a molecule formed by poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimers was grafted with semitelechelic N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers bearing doxorubicin (Dox) attached by hydrazone bonds enabling intracellular pH-controlled hydrolytic drug release, or by GFLG sequence susceptible to enzymatic degradation. The controlled synthesis utilizing semitelechelic copolymer precursors facilitated preparation of polymer conjugates in a broad range of molecular weights (1.1-3.0·10(5) g/mol). In contrast to free drug or linear conjugates the star polymer-Dox conjugates exhibited prolonged blood circulation and enhanced tumor accumulation in tumor-bearing mice indicating important role of the EPR effect. The star polymer-Dox conjugates showed significantly higher anti-tumor activity in vivo than Dox?HCl or its linear or graft polymer conjugates, if treated with a single dose 15 or 5 mg Dox eq./kg. Method of tumor initialization (acute or chronic experimental tumor models) significantly influenced effectiveness of the treatment with much lower success in treatment of mice bearing chronic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Prague, Czech Republic.
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108
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Yu Y, Zou J, Yu L, Ji W, Li Y, Law WC, Cheng C. Functional Polylactide-g-Paclitaxel–Poly(ethylene glycol) by Azide–Alkyne Click Chemistry. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2005102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and ‡Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Jiong Zou
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and ‡Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and ‡Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and ‡Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Yukun Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and ‡Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Wing-Cheung Law
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and ‡Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Chong Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and ‡Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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109
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Bílková E, Sedlák M, Imramovský A, Chárová P, Knotek P, Beneš L. Prednisolone-α-cyclodextrin-star poly(ethylene glycol) polypseudorotaxane with delayed pH-sensitivity as a targeted drug delivery system. Int J Pharm 2011; 414:42-7. [PMID: 21565261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The acylation of prednisolone 20-hydrazone with star poly(ethylene glycol) tetracarboxylic acid (M = 20,000) has been used to prepare the corresponding pH-sensitive conjugate. With α-cyclodextrin, this conjugate forms a polypseudorotaxane, which was characterised by means of (1)H NMR spectra, powder X-ray diffraction patterns and STM microscopy. The rate of acid-catalysed hydrolysis of the conjugate was studied under in vitro conditions in model media of hydrochloric acid solutions, phosphate and acetate buffers (pH 2-5.8). The acid-catalysed hydrolysis (at pH 2) of the polypseudorotaxane was ca 3.5 times slower than that of the original conjugate. After 1h in this medium, 86% of the covalently attached prednisolone remained unchanged. The prepared polypseudorotaxane represents a promising peroral transport system of prednisolone with a pH-sensitive linker with delayed acid-catalysed hydrolysis thanks to protection at the molecular level using α-cyclodextrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Bílková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
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110
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Gregory A, Stenzel MH. The use of reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization for drug delivery systems. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2011; 8:237-69. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2011.548381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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