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DE Marco V, Cerruto MA, D'Elia C, Brunelli M, Otte O, Minja A, Luchini C, Novella G, Cavalleri S, Martignoni G, Artibani W. Prognostic role of substaging in T1G3 transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Mol Clin Oncol 2014; 2:575-580. [PMID: 24940498 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2014.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to test a new substaging system in a population of patients with stage T1 bladder cancer (BC) at diagnosis and assess its prognostic role in terms of disease progression and disease-specific survival (DSS). Patients with primary stage T1G3 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder were stratified according to the following models: i) T1a [the tumour does not infiltrate the muscularis mucosae-vascular plexus, (MM-VP)]; T1b (the tumour partially infiltrates the MM-VP); and T1c (the tumour infiltrates and invades the MM-VP). ii) T1m (diameter of tumour infiltrating the lamina propria ≤0.5 mm under a high-resolution microscope; and T1e (diameter of tumour infiltrating the lamina propria >0.5 mm). Age, gender, tumour size and multifocality were not found to be of statistical significance. Using the T1a/T1b/T1c system, patients with stage T1a disease exhibited a 5- and 10-year progression rate of 13.3 and 20%, respectively, without reaching statistical significance. Moreover, patients with stage T1a disease exhibited a 5- and 10-year DSS of 93.3 and 73.3%, respectively, which was higher compared to T1b and T1c but not statistically significant. Using the T1m/T1e system, patients with stage T1m disease exhibited a disease progression rate of 8.3 and 16.7% at 5 and 10 years, respectively, which was not statistically significant. Moreover, patients in group T1m presented with DSS rates of 91.7 and 83.3% at 5 and 10 years, respectively, which were higher compared to those in the T1e group (71.4 and 60.7%), although not reaching statistical significance. In conclusion, in our study, neither of the two substaging systems of stage T1 BC reached the prognostic conventional significance level for tumour progression or DSS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matteo Brunelli
- Department of Pathology, University of Verona, I-37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Oscar Otte
- Urology Clinic, University of Verona, I-37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Anila Minja
- Urology Clinic, University of Verona, I-37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchini
- Department of Pathology, University of Verona, I-37126 Verona, Italy
| | | | | | - Guido Martignoni
- Department of Pathology, University of Verona, I-37126 Verona, Italy
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102
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Pan CC, Yu HJ, Chang YH. The prognostic value of combined clinicopathological and biomarker modelling for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Histopathology 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/his.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chen Pan
- Department of Pathology; Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hui-Jung Yu
- Department of Pathology; Cardinal Tien Hospital and School of Medicine; Fu-Jen Catholic University; New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hwa Chang
- Department of Urology; Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
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103
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Soukup V, Duková J, Pel M, Capoun O, Feherová Z, Zámecník L, Hanu T, Babjuk M. The Prognostic Value of T1 Bladder Cancer Substaging: A Single Institution Retrospective Study. Urol Int 2014; 92:150-6. [DOI: 10.1159/000355358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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104
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105
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Compérat E, Egevad L, Lopez-Beltran A, Camparo P, Algaba F, Amin M, Epstein JI, Hamberg H, Hulsbergen-van de Kaa C, Kristiansen G, Montironi R, Pan CC, Heloir F, Treurniet K, Sykes J, Van der Kwast TH. An interobserver reproducibility study on invasiveness of bladder cancer using virtual microscopy and heatmaps. Histopathology 2013; 63:756-66. [DOI: 10.1111/his.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Compérat
- Department of Pathology; Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière; Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris France
| | - Lars Egevad
- Department of Pathology; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | | | | | - Ferran Algaba
- Department of Pathology; Fundacio Puigvert; Barcelona Spain
| | - Mahul Amin
- Department of Pathology; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; Los Angeles CA USA
| | | | - Hans Hamberg
- Department of Pathology; Västeras Central Hospital; Västeras Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Chin-Chen Pan
- Department of Pathology; Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | | | - Kilian Treurniet
- Department of Pathology; University of Leiden; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Jenna Sykes
- Department of Biostatistics; Princess Margaret Hospital; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
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106
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Nishiyama N, Kitamura H, Maeda T, Takahashi S, Masumori N, Hasegawa T, Tsukamoto T. Clinicopathological Analysis of Patients with Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: Prognostic Value and Clinical Reliability of the 2004 WHO Classification System. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2013; 43:1124-31. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyt120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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107
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Lamm D, Persad R, Brausi M, Buckley R, Witjes JA, Palou J, Böhle A, Kamat AM, Colombel M, Soloway M. Defining progression in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer: it is time for a new, standard definition. J Urol 2013; 191:20-7. [PMID: 23973937 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2013.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite being one of the most important clinical outcomes in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer, there is currently no standard definition of disease progression. Major clinical trials and meta-analyses have used varying definitions or have failed to define this end point altogether. A standard definition of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer progression as determined by reproducible and reliable procedures is needed. We examine current definitions of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer progression, and propose a new definition that will be more clinically useful in determining patient prognosis and comparing treatment options. MATERIALS AND METHODS The IBCG (International Bladder Cancer Group) analyzed published clinical trials and meta-analyses that examined nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer progression as of December 2012. The limitations of the definitions of progression used in these trials were considered, as were additional parameters associated with the advancement of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. RESULTS The most commonly used definition of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer progression is an increase in stage from nonmuscle invasive to muscle invasive disease. Although this definition is clinically important, it fails to include other important parameters of advancing disease such as progression to lamina propria invasion and increase in grade. CONCLUSIONS The IBCG proposes the definition of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer progression as an increase in T stage from CIS or Ta to T1 (lamina propria invasion), development of T2 or greater or lymph node (N+) disease or distant metastasis (M1), or an increase in grade from low to high. Investigators should consider the use of this new definition to help standardize protocols and improve the reporting of progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Lamm
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona and BCG Oncology, Phoenix, Arizona.
| | - Raj Persad
- Department of Urology/Surgery, Bristol Royal Infirmary & Bristol Urological Institute, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Roger Buckley
- Department of Urology, North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Alfred Witjes
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joan Palou
- Department of Urology, Fundació Puigvert, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreas Böhle
- Department of Urology, HELIOS Agnes Karll Hospital, Bad Schwartau, Germany
| | - Ashish M Kamat
- Department of Urology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marc Colombel
- Department of Urology, Claude Bernard University, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
| | - Mark Soloway
- Department of Urology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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108
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van Lingen AV, Witjes JA. Current intravesical therapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2013; 13:1371-85. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2013.824421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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109
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Palou-Redorta J, Rouprêt M, Gallagher JR, Heap K, Corbell C, Schwartz B. The use of immediate postoperative instillations of intravesical chemotherapy after TURBT of NMIBC among European countries. World J Urol 2013; 32:525-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00345-013-1142-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Otto W, Denzinger S, Fritsche HM, Burger M, Rößler W, Bertz S, May M, Hartmann A, Hofstädter F, Wieland WF, Eder F. Introduction and first clinical application of a simplified immunohistochemical validation system confirms prognostic impact of KI-67 and CK20 for stage T1 urothelial bladder carcinoma: single-center analysis of eight biomarkers in a series of three hundred six patients. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2013; 11:537-44. [PMID: 23850551 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers could help to estimate the prognosis of solid tumors. One of the reasons that many immunohistochemical (IHC) markers are not used routinely is the high interobserver variability and various cutoff values. In the present study, we used a simplified IHC method with a group of 8 biomarkers in stage pT1 urothelial bladder carcinoma (UBC). PATIENTS AND METHODS IHC expression of CK20, KI-67, STK15, MUC7, periostin, fibronectin, survivin, and CXCR4 was assessed independently by 2 reviewers in a series of 306 stage pT1 UBC specimens from a single center in 10% steps from < 10% up to > 90%. A general center < 10% vs. ≥ 10% was set for further analysis for all markers. All patients initially underwent a bladder-sparing approach. Kaplan-Meier analyses and multivariate Cox regression analyses of recurrence-free survival (RFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were performed. RESULTS A cutoff point ≥ 10% was shown to be valid and reliable for marker expression, with 96% interobserver agreement. Of the studied marker expressions, ≥ 10% for Ki-67 showed a statistically significant worse RFS (54% vs. 64%; P = .004), PFS (66% vs. 73%; P = .001), and CSS (71% vs. 77%; P = .015); ≥ 10% for CK20 showed a worse RFS (57% vs. 58%; P = .009). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed CK20 to be an independent prognostic factor for recurrence (hazard ratio [HR], 2.08; confidence interval [95% CI]; 1.21-3.57; P = .008) and Ki-67 for progression (HR, 2.11; CI, 1.02-4.37; P = .045). CONCLUSION We proposed and applied a simplified IHC evaluation that increases interobserver agreement and confirms the prognostic role of Ki-67 and CK20 for stage T1 UBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Otto
- St. Josef Medical Centre, Department of Urology of Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany.
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111
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Prognostic Interest in Discriminating Muscularis Mucosa Invasion (T1a vs T1b) in Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Carcinoma: French National Multicenter Study with Central Pathology Review. J Urol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.11.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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112
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Daneshmand S. Determining the Role of Cystectomy for High-grade T1 Urothelial Carcinoma. Urol Clin North Am 2013; 40:233-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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113
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Kauffman EC, Robinson BD, Downes M, Marcinkiewicz K, Vourganti S, Scherr DS, Gudas LJ, Mongan NP. Estrogen receptor-β expression and pharmacological targeting in bladder cancer. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:131-8. [PMID: 23612777 PMCID: PMC3729232 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A role for estrogen signaling in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) is suggested to be associated with more advanced disease with worse outcomes in women. Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) is the predominant receptor in bladder tissues. We aimed to ascertain whether ERβ correlates with clinicopathological predictors of aggressive bladder cancer and worse survival outcomes. ERβ was measured by immunohistochemistry in malignant and adjacent benign bladder tissues in patients (N=72) with UCB who underwent radical cystectomy. ERβ expression was tested for statistical association with clinicopathological variables and patient survival. ERβ expression was determined in bladder cancer cell lines, and the effects of the selective estrogen modulator tamoxifen and the ERβ agonist diarylpropionitrile on cell growth were determined. The ERβ level was significantly higher in malignant vs. benign urothelium (P<0.001) and was strongly associated with aggressive tumor histology characterized by lymphovascular (P=0.008) and perineural (P=0.006) invasion, and clinical histories of pelvic irradiation (P=0.005), hydronephrosis (P=0.022) and no intravesical chemotherapy (P=0.038). All patients with a high (>70%) percentage of ERβ positivity in tissue with >3-month follow-up developed recurrent disease (P=0.009). Higher ERβ level was predictive of worse recurrence-free and overall survival following cystectomy, after adjustment for tumor stage, and remained significantly associated with recurrence-free survival in the multivariable analysis including tumor stage, nodal stage and lymphovascular invasion. Activation of ERβ in bladder cancer cell lines led to significant increases in proliferation, while pharmacological inhibition with tamoxifen blocked cell growth. Our study supports a role for ERβ in aggressive UCB. Pharmacological targeting of ERβ warrants further investigation as a therapeutic strategy in UCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Kauffman
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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114
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Anastasiadis A, Cordeiro E, Bus MT, Alivizatos G, de la Rosette JJ, de Reijke TM. Follow-up procedures for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: an update. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2013; 12:1229-41. [PMID: 23098122 DOI: 10.1586/era.12.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bladder carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract. Approximately 75-85% of patients present with a disease that is confined to the mucosa (stage Ta, carcinoma in situ) or submucosa (stage T1). The stratification of patients to low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups represents the cornerstone for the indication of adjuvant and follow-up treatment. Owing to the high recurrence rate of bladder tumors, a surveillance protocol is recommended to all patients. Currently, the combination of cystoscopy, imaging and urinary cytology represent the follow-up. A systematic review of the recent English literature on follow-up procedures of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer is performed. The authors review the existing follow-up procedures, with a focus on novel molecular-targeted approaches. At the present time, the additional use and utility of urine-based molecular markers in the follow-up of patients remains unclear and we have to rely on cystoscopic evaluation adapted to risk group classification.
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115
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Hansel DE, Amin MB, Comperat E, Cote RJ, Knüchel R, Montironi R, Reuter VE, Soloway MS, Umar SA, Van der Kwast TH. A Contemporary Update on Pathology Standards for Bladder Cancer: Transurethral Resection and Radical Cystectomy Specimens. Eur Urol 2013; 63:321-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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116
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117
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When the Conservative Treatment in High-Risk Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Patients should be Abandoned. Urologia 2013. [DOI: 10.5301/ru.2013.108566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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118
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Brimo F, Wu C, Zeizafoun N, Tanguay S, Aprikian A, Mansure JJ, Kassouf W. Prognostic factors in T1 bladder urothelial carcinoma: the value of recording millimetric depth of invasion, diameter of invasive carcinoma, and muscularis mucosa invasion. Hum Pathol 2013; 44:95-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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119
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Predictive factors for recurrence progression and cancer specific survival in high-risk bladder cancer. Curr Opin Urol 2012; 22:415-20. [PMID: 22825460 DOI: 10.1097/mou.0b013e328356ac20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite standard treatment with transurethral resection (TUR) and adjuvant Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), a large percentage of high-risk bladder cancer (HRBC) recur, and some progress. On the basis of review of the current guidelines and literature, we have developed actualized clinical and molecular prognostic factors of recurrence, progression and cancer specific survival (CSS) in patients with HRBC. RECENT FINDINGS A Medline search was conducted to identify the current literature updating the most important clinic and pathological predictive factors published in the last years. Also, there have been reviewed the new molecular markers that can assess prognosis and BCG response. SUMMARY Despite different methodological bias, as short follow-up, a small number of patients and a different definition of prognostic factors, increased evidence supports sex, age, grade, stage, multifocality, history of previous recurrences, carcinoma in situ in the prostatic urethra and early recurrence as prognostic factors for recurrence, progression and CSS in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. Also lymphovascular invasion in TUR and new molecular markers (galectin-3, profilin-1, and combination of markers) are increasingly useful in predicting prognosis and BCG response. Moreover, there is enough evidence to consider the implementation of new specific risk tables for patients treated with BCG. In cases with poor prognostic factors after TUR in HRBC early cystectomy should be considered.
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120
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Yates DR, Brausi MA, Catto JW, Dalbagni G, Rouprêt M, Shariat SF, Sylvester RJ, Witjes JA, Zlotta AR, Palou-Redorta J. Treatment Options Available for Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Failure in Non–muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer. Eur Urol 2012; 62:1088-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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121
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122
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High-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: update for a better identification and treatment. World J Urol 2012; 30:833-40. [PMID: 23070534 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-012-0967-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite standard treatment with transurethral resection (TUR) and adjuvant bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), many high-risk bladder cancers (HRBCs) recur and some progress. Based on a review of the literature, we aimed to establish the optimal current approach for the early diagnosis and management of HRBC. METHODS A MEDLINE® search was conducted to identify the published literature relating to early identification and treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Particular attention was paid to factors such as quality of TUR, importance of second TUR, substaging, and CIS. In addition, studies on urinary markers, photodynamic diagnosis, predictive clinical and molecular factors for recurrence and progression after BCG, and best management practice were analysed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Good quality of TUR and the implementation of photodynamic diagnosis in selected cases provide a more accurate diagnosis and reduce the risk of residual tumour in HRBC. Although insufficient evidence is available to warrant the use of new urinary molecular markers in isolation, their use in conjunction with cytology and cystoscopy may improve early diagnosis and follow-up. BCG plus maintenance for at least 1 year remains the standard adjuvant treatment for HRBC. Moreover, there is enough evidence to consider the implementation of new specific risk tables for patients treated with BCG. In HRBC patients with poor prognostic factors after TUR, early cystectomy should be considered.
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Olsson H, Hultman P, Rosell J, Jahnson S. Population-based study on prognostic factors for recurrence and progression in primary stage T1 bladder tumours. Scand J Urol 2012; 47:188-95. [DOI: 10.3109/00365599.2012.719539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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124
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Urol 2012; 22:432-43. [PMID: 22854603 DOI: 10.1097/mou.0b013e3283572fe1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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125
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Re: Bas W.G. van Rhijn, Theo H. van der Kwast, Sultan S. Alkhateeb, et al. A New and Highly Prognostic System to Discern T1 Bladder Cancer Substage. Eur Urol 2012;61:378–84. Eur Urol 2012; 61:e53-4; author reply e55-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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126
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Reply to Anna Orsola, Inés de Torres and Juan Morote’s Letter to the Editor re: Bas W.G. van Rhijn, Theo H. van der Kwast, Sultan S. Alkhateeb, et al. A New and Highly Prognostic System to Discern T1 Bladder Cancer Substage. Eur Urol 2012:61:378–84. Eur Urol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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127
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Reply to Maximilian Burger, Wolfgang Otto, and Arndt Hartmann's Letter to the Editor re: Bas W.G. van Rhijn, Theo H. van der Kwast, Sultan S. Alkhateeb, et al. A New and Highly Prognostic System to Discern T1 Bladder Cancer Substage. Eur Urol 2012;61:378–84. Eur Urol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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128
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Burger M, Otto W, Hartmann A. Re: Bas W.G. van Rhijn, Theo H. van der Kwast, Sultan S. Alkhateeb, et al. A new and highly prognostic system to discern T1 bladder cancer substage. Eur Urol 2012;61:378-84. Eur Urol 2012; 61:e31-2; author reply e33-4. [PMID: 22245308 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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129
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Bladder cancer: improving the management of T1 bladder cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2011; 9:8. [PMID: 22200835 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2011.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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