Degradation of complex carbohydrate: Immobilization of pectinase from Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB21 using calcium alginate as a support

Synthesis of a hybrid polymer-inorganic biomimetic support incorporating in situ pectinase from Aspergillus niger ATCC 9642

The hybrid alginate/gelatin/calcium oxalate (AGOCa) support was successfully synthesized through the biomimetic mineralization method for immobilization in situ of a pectinolytic extract from Aspergillus niger ATCC 9642 via entrapment technique. The efficiency of immobilization reached 72.7%. Sodium oxalate buffer (100 mM, pH 5.5) was selected as adjuvant of the immobilization process by allowing the formation of a calcified shell around the calcium alginate capsule, significantly increasing the stability to storage, thermal and recycling of the enzymatic immobilized pectinolytic extract. The pH and temperature for maximum activity were from 5.0 to 6.0 and 60 to 80 °C, respectively. The new hybrid support can be a potential alternative to obtain immobilized pectinases with properties for advantageous industrial applications.

Immobilization of commercial inulinase on alginate–chitosan beads

The commercial inulinase obtained from Aspergillus niger was effectively immobilized on alginate-chitosan beads which were hardened with glutaraldehyde. The immobilization conditions were studied using Plackett & Burmann experimental design and central composite rotational design (CCRD). The effects of chitosan, glutaraldehyde, sodium alginate and calcium chloride concentrations in order to obtain a better immobilization yield were optimized. In the Plackett & Burman experimental design, the sodium alginate and calcium chloride had a significant effect (p < 0.1), but only the calcium chloride showed a positive effect, indicating that as higher the concentration, better is the immobilization yield. In the central composite rotational design (CCRD), the best results were obtained in the central point, using sodium alginate (1% w/v) and calcium chloride (4% w/v) as conditions for inulinase immobilization. By the CCRD, the optimal immobilization strategy was: chitosan (0.1% w/v), glutaraldehyde (0.1% v/v), sodium alginate (1% w/v) and calcium chloride (4% w/v). In this condition, the enzyme loading capacity was 668 U/g gel beads and the effect of temperature on the immobilized enzyme activity was also evaluated, showing better activity at 50°C. The immobilized enzyme maintained 76% of its activity in six days at room temperature.

Interaction of Green Polymer Blend of Modified Sodium Alginate and Carboxylmethyl Cellulose Encapsulation of Turmeric Extract

Turmeric extract (tmr) loaded nanoparticles were prepared by crosslinking modified carboxylmethyl cellulose (CMC) and modified sodium alginate (SA) with calcium ions, in a high pressure homogenizer. The FTIR spectra of CMC and SA were affected by blending due to hydrogen bonding. The negative zeta potential increased in magnitude with CMC content. The smallest nanoparticles were produced with a 10 : 5 SA/CMC blend. Also the release rates of the extract loading were measured, with model fits indicating that the loading level affected the release rate through nanoparticle structure. The 10 : 5 SA/CMC blend loading with tmr and pure tmr showed a good % growth inhibition of colon cancer cells which indicate that tmr in the presence of curcumin in tmr retains its anticancer activity even after being loaded into SA/CMC blend matrix.