101
|
Nano-carrier enabled drug delivery systems for nose to brain targeting for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
102
|
Statistical Design of Experiment (DoE) based development and optimization of DB213 in situ thermosensitive gel for intranasal delivery. Int J Pharm 2018; 539:50-57. [PMID: 29366939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
DB213 is an HIV-1 replication inhibitor targeting the Central Nervous System for the treatment of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Current study aims to develop an in situ thermosensitive gelling system for intranasal delivery of DB213 facilitated by Statistical Design of Experiment (DoE) to conduct a more efficient experimentation by extracting the maximum amount of information from limited experiments. In our current study, information was extracted from twenty-five experimental designs from MODDE® Software and a mathematical model was successfully developed to predict formulations to achieve desired performance as well as to analyze relationships between the amount of Pluronic F-127, Pluronic F-68, Chitosan, DB213 and the performances of in situ thermosensitive gels. Based on DoE, in situ thermosensitive gels of 1% DB213 (F1) and 5% DB213 (F2) were developed for further in vivo bioavailability and brain uptake evaluations in Sprague-Dawley rats and C57BL/6 mice, respectively. In comparison to DB213 water solution, intranasal administrations of F1 at 1 mg/kg in rats and F2 at 25 mg/kg in mice demonstrated relative bioavailabilities of 145% and 165% with significant increase in brain uptake.
Collapse
|
103
|
Feng Y, He H, Li F, Lu Y, Qi J, Wu W. An update on the role of nanovehicles in nose-to-brain drug delivery. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1079-1088. [PMID: 29330120 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A quantitative analysis has cast doubt over the limited advantages provided by particles for nose-to-brain (NTB) drug delivery. Thus, it is imperative to identify the role of nanovehicles in NTB drug delivery. If nanocarriers are used merely as an option to improve various properties of the drugs or the formulations, it is difficult for them to outperform conventional formulations, such as solutions or gels. However, nanovehicles bring about special features, such as maintenance of the solubilized state of drugs, sustained or delayed release, and enhanced penetration because of surface modifications, all of which lead to enhanced NTB delivery efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunhai Feng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Dahua Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Haisheng He
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengqian Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Dahua Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Qi
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Nageeb El-Helaly S, Abd Elbary A, Kassem MA, El-Nabarawi MA. Electrosteric stealth Rivastigmine loaded liposomes for brain targeting: preparation, characterization, ex vivo, bio-distribution and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:692-700. [PMID: 28415883 PMCID: PMC8240971 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1309476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Being one of the highly effective drugs in treatment of Alzheimer's disease, Rivastigmine brain targeting is highly demandable, therefore liposomal dispersion of Rivastigmine was prepared containing 2 mol% PEG-DSPE added to Lecithin, Didecyldimethyl ammonium bromide (DDAB), Tween 80 in 1:0.02:0.25 molar ratio. A major challenge during the preparation of liposomes is maintaining a stable formulation, therefore the aim of our study was to increase liposomal stability by addition of DDAB to give an electrostatic stability and PEG-DSPE to increase stability by steric hindrance, yielding what we called an electrosteric stealth (ESS) liposomes. A medium nano-sized liposome (478 ± 4.94 nm) with a nearly neutral zeta potential (ZP, -8 ± 0.2 mV) and an entrapment efficiency percentage of 48 ± 6.22 was prepared. Stability studies showed no major alteration after three months storage period concerning particle size, polydispersity index, ZP, entrapment efficiency and in vitro release study confirming the successful formation of a stable liposomes. No histopathological alteration was recorded for ESS liposomes of the sheep nasal mucosa. While ESS liposomes showed higher % of drug permeating through the sheep nasal mucosa (48.6%) than the drug solution (28.7%). On completing the in vivo pharmacokinetic studies of 36 rabbits showed 424.2% relative bioavailability of the mean plasma levels of the formula ESS compared to that of RHT intranasal solution and 486% relative bioavailability of the mean brain levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nageeb El-Helaly
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abd Elbary
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Kassem
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. El-Nabarawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Khan AR, Liu M, Khan MW, Zhai G. Progress in brain targeting drug delivery system by nasal route. J Control Release 2017; 268:364-389. [PMID: 28887135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts the transport of potential therapeutic moieties to the brain. Direct targeting the brain via olfactory and trigeminal neural pathways by passing the BBB has gained an important consideration for delivery of wide range of therapeutics to brain. Intranasal route of transportation directly delivers the drugs to brain without systemic absorption, thus avoiding the side effects and enhancing the efficacy of neurotherapeutics. Over the last several decades, different drug delivery systems (DDSs) have been studied for targeting the brain by the nasal route. Novel DDSs such as nanoparticles (NPs), liposomes and polymeric micelles have gained potential as useful tools for targeting the brain without toxicity in nasal mucosa and central nervous system (CNS). Complex geometry of the nasal cavity presented a big challenge to effective delivery of drugs beyond the nasal valve. Recently, pharmaceutical firms utilized latest and emerging nasal drug delivery technologies to overcome these barriers. This review aims to describe the latest development of brain targeted DDSs via nasal administration. CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS STUDIED IN THIS ARTICLE Carbopol 934p (PubChem CID: 6581) Carboxy methylcellulose (PubChem CID: 24748) Penetratin (PubChem CID: 101111470) Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PubChem CID: 23111554) Tween 80 (PubChem CID: 5284448).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rauf Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xilu, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Mengrui Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xilu, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Muhammad Wasim Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xilu, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Guangxi Zhai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xilu, Jinan 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Salatin S, Barar J, Barzegar-Jalali M, Adibkia K, Jelvehgari M. Thermosensitive in situ nanocomposite of rivastigmine hydrogen tartrate as an intranasal delivery system: Development, characterization, ex vivo permeation and cellular studies. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 159:629-638. [PMID: 28865359 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Intranasal administration of pharmaceutical compounds is gaining considerable attention as an alternative route for localized/systemic drug delivery. However, insufficient therapeutic efficacy of drugs via this route seems to be a major challenge for development of de novo intranasal formulations. This shortcoming can be overcome by simultaneous utilization of a nanoparticulate delivery system with a polymeric gel network. Therefore, the main aim of the present study was to develop erodible in-situ gel forming systems of poloxamer 407® (P407) as a promising platform, capable of prolonging rivastigmine hydrogen tartrate (RHT) release from the embedded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs). PLGA NPs containing RHT were formulated and characterized, then were embedded in P407 gel forming matrix and analyzed in terms of viscosity, stability, gelation temperature, loading efficiency and mucoahesive behavior. The cytotoxicity of NPs was evaluated on A549 cell line using MTT assay. Cellular uptake of the NPs was also measured by means of fluorescence microcopy and flow cytometry analyses. The formulations were finally evaluated for their permeability across sheep nasal mucosa. A linear dependence of sol-gel temperature (Tsol-gel) on the P407 concentration was observed, and a P407 content of 18% was selected. The loading efficiencies of formulations were found to be around 100.22-104.31%. The RHT-loaded NPs showed a suitable cytocompatibility on A549 cells with a time-dependent increase in cellular uptake. Besides, nanocomposites showed higher amounts of drug permeation through nasal sheep mucosa than plain drug gel. Taken all, it is concluded that the formulated nanocomposites may be considered as useful drug delivery systems for the nasal delivery of RHT with enhanced therapeutic efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Salatin
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - J Barar
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - M Barzegar-Jalali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kh Adibkia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - M Jelvehgari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Malekpour-Galogahi F, Hatamian-Zarmi A, Ganji F, Ebrahimi-Hosseinzadeh B, Nojoki F, Sahraeian R, Mokhtari-Hosseini ZB. Preparation and optimization of rivastigmine-loaded tocopherol succinate-based solid lipid nanoparticles. J Liposome Res 2017; 28:226-235. [PMID: 28670949 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2017.1349143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rivastigmine hydrogen tartrate (RHT) is a pseudo-irreversible inhibitor of cholinesterase and is used for the treatment of Alzheimer's. However, RHT delivery to the brain is limited by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The purpose of this study was to improve the brain-targeting delivery of RHT by producing and optimizing rivastigmine hydrogen tartrate-loaded tocopherol succinate-based solid lipid nanoparticles (RHT-SLNs). RHT-SLNs were prepared using the microemulsion technique. The impact of significant variables, such as surfactant concentration and drug/lipid ratio, on the size of RHT-SLNs and their drug loading and encapsulation efficiency was analysed using a five-level central composite design (CCD). The minimum size of particles and the maximum efficiency of loading and encapsulation were defined according to models derived from a statistical analysis performed under optimal predicted conditions. The experimental results of optimized RHT-SLNs showed an appropriate particle size of 15.6 nm, 72.4% drug encapsulation efficiency and 6.8% loading efficiency, which revealed a good correlation between the experimental and predicted values. Furthermore, in vitro release studies showed a sustained release of RHT from RHT-SLNs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Malekpour-Galogahi
- a Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technology , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ashrafalsadat Hatamian-Zarmi
- a Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technology , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Fariba Ganji
- b Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering , Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Bahman Ebrahimi-Hosseinzadeh
- a Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technology , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Fahimeh Nojoki
- a Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technology , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Razi Sahraeian
- c Department of Composite Engineering and Processing , Iran Polymer Institute , Tehran , Iran
| | - Zahra Beagom Mokhtari-Hosseini
- d Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Petroleum and Petrochemical Engineering , Hakim Sabzevari University , Sabzevar , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Recent advancements in liposomes targeting strategies to cross blood-brain barrier (BBB) for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. J Control Release 2017; 260:61-77. [PMID: 28549949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this modern era, with the help of various advanced technologies, medical science has overcome most of the health-related issues successfully. Though, some diseases still remain unresolved due to various physiological barriers. One such condition is Alzheimer; a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory impairment, behavioral abnormalities, mood swing and disturbed routine activities of the person suffering from. It is well known to all that the brain is entirely covered by a protective layer commonly known as blood brain barrier (BBB) which is responsible to maintain the homeostasis of brain by restricting the entry of toxic substances, drug molecules, various proteins and peptides, small hydrophilic molecules, large lipophilic substances and so many other peripheral components to protect the brain from any harmful stimuli. This functionally essential structure creates a major hurdle for delivery of any drug into the brain. Still, there are some provisions on BBB which facilitate the entry of useful substances in the brain via specific mechanisms like passive diffusion, receptor-mediated transcytosis, carrier-mediated transcytosis etc. Another important factor for drug transport is the selection of a suitable drug delivery systems like, liposome, which is a novel drug carrier system offering a potential approach to resolving this problem. Its unique phospholipid bilayer structure (similar to physiological membrane) had made it more compatible with the lipoidal layer of BBB and helps the drug to enter the brain. The present review work focused on various surface modifications with functional ligand (like lactoferrin, transferrin etc.) and carrier molecules (such as glutathione, glucose etc.) on the liposomal structure to enhance its brain targeting ability towards the successful treatment of Alzheimer disease.
Collapse
|
109
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Nanotechnology typically deals with the measuring and modeling of matter at nanometer scale by incorporating the fields of engineering and technology. The most prominent feature of these engineered materials involves their manipulation/modification for imparting new functional properties. The current review covers the most recent findings of Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapeutics based on nanoscience and technology. RECENT FINDINGS Current studies involve the application of nanotechnology in developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools for neurological disorders. Nanotechnology-based approaches can be exploited for limiting/reversing these diseases for promoting functional regeneration of damaged neurons. These strategies offer neuroprotection by facilitating the delivery of drugs and small molecules more effectively across the blood-brain barrier. SUMMARY Nanotechnology based approaches show promise in improving AD therapeutics. Further replication work on synthesis and surface modification of nanoparticles, longer-term clinical trials, and attempts to increase their impact in treating AD are required.
Collapse
|
110
|
Ahmad E, Feng Y, Qi J, Fan W, Ma Y, He H, Xia F, Dong X, Zhao W, Lu Y, Wu W. Evidence of nose-to-brain delivery of nanoemulsions: cargoes but not vehicles. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:1174-1183. [PMID: 28009915 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr07581a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The nose-to-brain pathway has been proven to be a shortcut for direct drug delivery to the brain. However, whether and to what extent nanoparticles can be delivered through this passage is still awaiting validation with evidence. In this study, nose-to-brain transportation of nanoparticles is tracked via fluorescence bioimaging strategies using nanoemulsions (NEs) as model carriers. Identification of NEs in biological tissues is based on the on → off signal switching of a new type of environment-responsive embedded dyes, P2 and P4, and two conventional probes, DiR and coumarin-6 (C6), are embedded to represent the cargoes. Evidence for the translocation of NEs was collected either via live imaging or ex vivo histological examination in rats after nasal administration. Results suggest that NEs with a particle size of about 100 nm, either naked or coated with chitosan, have longer retention duration in nostrils and slower mucociliary clearance than larger ones. P2 signals, representing integral NEs, can be found in mucosa and trigeminal nerves for all size groups, whereas only weak P2 signals are detected in the olfactory bulb for chitosan-coated NEs of 100 nm. Confocal microscopy further confirms the translocation of integral 100 nm NEs in nasal mucosa and along the trigeminal nerve in decremental intensity. Weak signals of the P4 probe, also representing integral NEs, can be detected in the olfactory bulb but few in the brain. NEs as large as 900 nm cannot be transported to the olfactory bulb. However, the DiR or C6 signals that represent the cargoes can be found in significant amounts along the nose-to-brain pathway and finally reach the brain. Evidence shows that integral NEs can be delivered to the olfactory bulb, but few to the brain, whereas the cargoes can be released and permeated into the brain in greater amounts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ejaj Ahmad
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yunhai Feng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Dahua Hospital, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jianping Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wufa Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yuhua Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Haisheng He
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Fei Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xiaochun Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Weili Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, Shanghai 201203, China. and Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yi Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Augustine S, Singh J, Srivastava M, Sharma M, Das A, Malhotra BD. Recent advances in carbon based nanosystems for cancer theranostics. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:901-952. [DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00008a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review deals with four different types of carbon allotrope based nanosystems and summarizes the results of recent studies that are likely to have applications in cancer theranostics. We discuss the applications of these nanosystems for cancer imaging, drug delivery, hyperthermia, and PDT/TA/PA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shine Augustine
- NanoBioelectronics Laboratory
- Department of Biotechnology
- Delhi Technological University
- Delhi 110042
- India
| | - Jay Singh
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Polymer Technology
- Delhi Technological University
- Delhi 110042
- India
| | - Manish Srivastava
- Department of Physics & Astrophysics
- University of Delhi
- Delhi 110007
- India
| | - Monica Sharma
- NanoBioelectronics Laboratory
- Department of Biotechnology
- Delhi Technological University
- Delhi 110042
- India
| | - Asmita Das
- NanoBioelectronics Laboratory
- Department of Biotechnology
- Delhi Technological University
- Delhi 110042
- India
| | - Bansi D. Malhotra
- NanoBioelectronics Laboratory
- Department of Biotechnology
- Delhi Technological University
- Delhi 110042
- India
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems for Alzheimer's disease management: Technical, industrial, and clinical challenges. J Control Release 2016; 245:95-107. [PMID: 27889394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with high prevalence in the rapidly growing elderly population in the developing world. The currently FDA approved drugs for the management of symptomatology of AD are marketed mainly as conventional oral medications. Due to their gastrointestinal side effects and lack of brain targeting, these drugs and dosage regiments hinder patient compliance and lead to treatment discontinuation. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems (NTDDS) administered by different routes can be considered as promising tools to improve patient compliance and achieve better therapeutic outcomes. Despite extensive research, literature screening revealed that clinical activities involving NTDDS application in research for AD are lagging compared to NTDDS for other diseases such as cancers. The industrial perspectives, processability, and cost/benefit ratio of using NTDDS for AD treatment are usually overlooked. Moreover, active and passive immunization against AD are by far the mostly studied alternative AD therapies because conventional oral drug therapy is not yielding satisfactorily results. NTDDS of approved drugs appear promising to transform this research from 'paper to clinic' and raise hope for AD sufferers and their caretakers. This review summarizes the recent studies conducted on NTDDS for AD treatment, with a primary focus on the industrial perspectives and processability. Additionally, it highlights the ongoing clinical trials for AD management.
Collapse
|
113
|
Vieira DB, Gamarra LF. Getting into the brain: liposome-based strategies for effective drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:5381-5414. [PMID: 27799765 PMCID: PMC5077137 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s117210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes articles that have been reported in literature on liposome-based strategies for effective drug delivery across the blood–brain barrier. Due to their unique physicochemical characteristics, liposomes have been widely investigated for their application in drug delivery and in vivo bioimaging for the treatment and/or diagnosis of neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, stroke, and glioma. Several strategies have been used to deliver drug and/or imaging agents to the brain. Covalent ligation of such macromolecules as peptides, antibodies, and RNA aptamers is an effective method for receptor-targeting liposomes, which allows their blood–brain barrier penetration and/or the delivery of their therapeutic molecule specifically to the disease site. Additionally, methods have been employed for the development of liposomes that can respond to external stimuli. It can be concluded that the development of liposomes for brain delivery is still in its infancy, although these systems have the potential to revolutionize the ways in which medicine is administered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lionel F Gamarra
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil; Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Concepts, technologies, and practices for drug delivery past the blood–brain barrier to the central nervous system. J Control Release 2016; 240:251-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
115
|
Nour SA, Abdelmalak NS, Naguib MJ, Rashed HM, Ibrahim AB. Intranasal brain-targeted clonazepam polymeric micelles for immediate control of status epilepticus: in vitro optimization, ex vivo determination of cytotoxicity, in vivo biodistribution and pharmacodynamics studies. Drug Deliv 2016; 23:3681-3695. [PMID: 27648847 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1223216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonazepam (CZ) is an anti-epileptic drug used mainly in status epilepticus (SE). The drug belongs to Class II according to BCS classification with very limited solubility and high permeability and it suffers from extensive first-pass metabolism. The aim of the present study was to develop CZ-loaded polymeric micelles (PM) for direct brain delivery allowing immediate control of SE. PM were prepared via thin film hydration (TFH) technique adopting a central composite face-centered design (CCFD). The seventeen developed formulae were evaluated in terms of entrapment efficiency (EE), particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), and in vitro release. For evaluating the in vivo behavior of the optimized formula, both biodistrbution using 99mTc-radiolabeled CZ and pharmacodynamics studies were done in addition to ex vivo cytotoxicty. At a drug:Pluronic® P123:Pluronic® L121 ratio of 1:20:20 (PM7), a high EE, ZP, Q8h, and a low PDI was achieved. The biodistribution studies revealed that the optimized formula had significantly higher drug targeting efficiency (DTE = 242.3%), drug targeting index (DTI = 144.25), and nose-to-brain direct transport percentage (DTP = 99.30%) and a significant prolongation of protection from seizures in comparison to the intranasally administered solution with minor histopathological changes. The declared results reveal the ability of the developed PM to be a strong potential candidate for the emergency treatment of SE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samia A Nour
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt and
| | - Nevine S Abdelmalak
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt and
| | - Marianne J Naguib
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt and
| | - Hassan M Rashed
- b Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Lab. Center , Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Ahmed B Ibrahim
- b Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Lab. Center , Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority , Cairo , Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
McGowan JW, Shao Q, Vig PJ, Bidwell GL. Intranasal administration of elastin-like polypeptide for therapeutic delivery to the central nervous system. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:2803-2813. [PMID: 27660412 PMCID: PMC5019317 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s106216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bypassing the blood–brain barrier is one of the primary considerations when designing compounds intended to function in the central nervous system (CNS). Intranasal (IN) administration of otherwise blood–brain barrier impermeable molecules can result in high CNS concentrations and low systemic accumulation, indicating that IN administration may be a useful method of delivering therapeutics to the CNS. Elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) is a large, non-immunogenic, highly manipulable biopolymer with extensive evidence supporting its use as a carrier with the ability to improve drug pharmacokinetics and drug targeting. The ability of ELP to reach the CNS via IN administration has been shown previously. Previous studies have also identified the ability of cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) to increase the uptake of molecules in some instances, including via the IN route. Here, we compared and contrasted the biodistribution of ELPs with or without addition of the CPPs Tat or SynB1 via both the IN and intravenous routes. Administration of ELP via the IN route led to significant accumulation in the brain, especially in the olfactory bulbs. When injected intravenously, <3% of the ELP signal was present outside the vascular compartment. This contrasted with IN administration, which resulted in 79% of the fluorescence signal localized outside the vascular space. The fusion of Tat or SynB1 significantly altered the biodistribution of ELP, decreasing the total CNS accumulation following IN administration. The addition of CPPs to ELP increased their retention in the nasal epithelium. These results suggest ELP may represent an effective CNS delivery vector without further modification and that the addition of a CPP significantly influences biodistribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Parminder Js Vig
- Department of Neurology; Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Gene L Bidwell
- Department of Neurology; Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Wei L, Guo XY, Yang T, Yu MZ, Chen DW, Wang JC. Brain tumor-targeted therapy by systemic delivery of siRNA with Transferrin receptor-mediated core-shell nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2016; 510:394-405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.06.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
118
|
Zhao Y, Jiang Y, Lv W, Wang Z, Lv L, Wang B, Liu X, Liu Y, Hu Q, Sun W, Xu Q, Xin H, Gu Z. Dual targeted nanocarrier for brain ischemic stroke treatment. J Control Release 2016; 233:64-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
119
|
Yang PH, Zhu JX, Huang YD, Zhang XY, Lei P, Bush AI, Xiang Q, Su ZJ, Zhang QH. Human Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Inhibits Tau Phosphorylation via the PI3K/Akt-GSK3β Signaling Pathway in a 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Model of Parkinson's Disease. NEURODEGENER DIS 2016; 16:357-69. [PMID: 27228974 DOI: 10.1159/000445871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has been increasingly investigated due to its neuroprotection in neurodegenerative disorders. Because there are still no cures for any of these disorders, it is crucial to identify new therapeutic targets and screen potential drugs. The increased phosphorylation of tau at Ser396 leads to intracellular tau accumulation, which forms neurofibrillary tangles in Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, neuroprotection by bFGF was observed, and the mechanisms related to its regulation of phosphorylated tau were investigated. METHODS bFGF-loaded liposome carriers were intranasally administered to rats. The neuroprotective effects of bFGF were assessed in a PD model induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in vivo and in vitro. The phosphorylation of tau was measured, and the PI3K/Akt-GSK3β signaling pathway was investigated. RESULTS Our study demonstrated that liposomes markedly assisted in the delivery of bFGF to the striatum and substantia nigra of rats and enhanced the neuroprotective effects of bFGF on dopaminergic neurons. bFGF treatment significantly ameliorated the behavioral deficits induced by 6-OHDA, rescued the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons and increased the number of Nissl bodies. bFGF reduced the phosphorylation of tau and GSK3β and increased the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt. CONCLUSION Liposomes markedly assisted in the delivery of bFGF to the brain and enhanced the neuroprotective effects of bFGF by inhibiting the phosphorylation of tau. bFGF down-regulated the phosphorylation of tau by increasing the phosphorylation of GSK3β via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. These findings provide a new vision of bFGF as a potential therapy for PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Hui Yang
- Institute of Biomedicine and National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
120
|
Simon A, Amaro MI, Cabral LM, Healy AM, de Sousa VP. Development of a novel dry powder inhalation formulation for the delivery of rivastigmine hydrogen tartrate. Int J Pharm 2016; 501:124-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
121
|
Shah B, Khunt D, Bhatt H, Misra M, Padh H. Application of quality by design approach for intranasal delivery of rivastigmine loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: Effect on formulation and characterization parameters. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 78:54-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
122
|
Fonseca-Santos B, Gremião MPD, Chorilli M. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:4981-5003. [PMID: 26345528 PMCID: PMC4531021 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s87148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurological disorder that results in cognitive and behavioral impairment. Conventional treatment strategies, such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitor drugs, often fail due to their poor solubility, lower bioavailability, and ineffective ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Nanotechnological treatment methods, which involve the design, characterization, production, and application of nanoscale drug delivery systems, have been employed to optimize therapeutics. These nanotechnologies include polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, microemulsion, nanoemulsion, and liquid crystals. Each of these are promising tools for the delivery of therapeutic devices to the brain via various routes of administration, particularly the intranasal route. The objective of this study is to present a systematic review of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Fonseca-Santos
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Palmira Daflon Gremião
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Abstract
The treatment for ischemic stroke is one of the most challenging problems and the therapeutic effect remains unsatisfied due to the poor permeation of drugs across the blood brain barrier (BBB). In this study, HAIYPRH (T7), a peptide that targeted to transferrin receptor (TfR) can mediate the transport of nanocarriers across the BBB, was conjugated to liposomes for ischemic stroke targeting treatment of a novel neuroprotectant (ZL006). T7-conjugated PEGylated liposomes (T7-P-LPs) loaded with ZL006 (T7-P-LPs/ZL006) were showed satisfactory vesicle size and size distribution. Furthermore, the cellular uptake results showed that T7 modification increased liposomes uptake by the brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) and little cytotoxicity of liposomes with or without ZL006 was observed. The in vivo biodistribution and near-infrared fluorescence imaging evidenced that T7 modification rendered liposomes significantly enhanced the transport of liposomes across the BBB. The pharmacodynamic study suggested that, T7-P-LPs/ZL006 exhibited reduced infarct volume and ameliorated neurological deficit compared with unmodified liposomes or free ZL006. T7-P-LPs/ZL006 could be targeted to brain and displayed remarkable neuroprotective effects. They could be used as a potential targeted drug delivery system of ischemic stroke treatment.
Collapse
|
124
|
Bari NK, Fazil M, Hassan MQ, Haider MR, Gaba B, Narang JK, Baboota S, Ali J. Brain delivery of buspirone hydrochloride chitosan nanoparticles for the treatment of general anxiety disorder. Int J Biol Macromol 2015. [PMID: 26210037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present work discusses the preparation, characterization and in vivo evaluation of thiolated chitosan nanoparticles (TCS-NPs) of buspirone hydrochloride (BUH) for brain delivery through intranasal route. TCS NPs were prepared by ionic gelation method and characterized for various parameters. The NPs formed were having particle size of 226.7±2.52nm with PDI 0.483±0.031. Drug entrapment efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC) were found to be 81.13±2.8 and 49.67±5.5%. The cumulative percentage drug permeation through nasal mucosa was 76.21%. Bioadhesion study carried out on porcine mucin and showed a bioadhesion efficiency of 90.218±0.134%. Nose-to-brain delivery of placebo NPs was investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) technique using rhodamine-123 as a marker. The brain concentration achieved after intranasal administration of TCS-NPs was 797.46±35.76ng/ml with tmax 120min which was significantly higher than achieved after intravenous administration on BUH solution 384.15±13.42ng/ml and tmax of 120min and intranasal administration of BUH solution 417.77±19.24ng/ml and tmax 60min.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naimat Kalim Bari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Phase X, Mohali, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Mohammad Fazil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Md Quamrul Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Md Rafi Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Bharti Gaba
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Jasjeet K Narang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; Department of Pharmaceutics, Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar, India
| | - Sanjula Baboota
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Tunesi M, Prina E, Munarin F, Rodilossi S, Albani D, Petrini P, Giordano C. Cross-linked poly(acrylic acids) microgels and agarose as semi-interpenetrating networks for resveratrol release. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:5328. [PMID: 25577210 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-014-5328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbomers, cross-linked poly(acrylic acid) microgels, have been widely used in pharmaceutical formulations as swollen hydrogels. Agarose, whose thermoreversibility may be exploited for drug loading, forms a gel with a mechanism involving coil-helix transition at about 36 °C. In this work carbomer microgels were combined with agarose networks in a semi-interpenetrating polymer network structure, aiming at obtaining suitable delivery systems for the loading and release of molecules with poor bioavailability but high therapeutic interest, like resveratrol. The rheological properties of the formulations and their in vitro cytocompatibility were studied and optimized acting on the neutralizing agent (triethylamine (N,N-diethylethanamine), triethanolamine (tris(2-hydroxyethyl)amine) and sodium hydroxide) and amount of OH donors (1,2-propanediol and glycerol). As a preparation method, autoclaving was introduced to simultaneously obtain heating and sterilising. Among the different neutralizing agents, NaOH was chosen to avoid the use of amines, considering the final application. Without the addition of alcohols as typical OH donors to induce Carbomer gelification, gels with appropriate rheological properties and stability were produced. For this formulation, the release of resveratrol after 7 days was about 80 % of the loaded mass, suggesting it is an interesting approach to be exploited for the development of innovative resveratrol delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tunesi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G.Natta" and Unità di Ricerca Consorzio INSTM, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
126
|
Chauhan MB, Chauhan NB. Brain Uptake of Neurotherapeutics after Intranasal versus Intraperitoneal Delivery in Mice. JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY 2015; 2:009. [PMID: 26366437 PMCID: PMC4567259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing global prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and dementia. Current treatment for neurodegenerative diseases is limited due to the blood brain barrier's ability to restrict the entry of therapeutics to the brain. In that context, direct delivery of drugs from nose to brain has gained emerging interest as an important alternative to oral and parenteral routes of administration. Although there are considerable reports showing promising results after intranasal drug delivery in various disease-models and investigatory human clinical trials, there are very few studies showing a detailed pharmacokinetics with regard to the uptake and retention of intranasally delivered material(s) within specific brain regions, which are critical determining factors for dosing conditions and optimal treatment regimen. This investigation compared a time-dependent brain uptake and resident time of various radiolabeled candidate neurotherapeutics after a single bolus intranasal or intraperitoneal administration in mice. Results indicate that the brain uptake of intranasally delivered therapeutic(s) is > 5 times greater than that after intraperitoneal delivery. The peak uptake and resident time of all intranasally delivered test therapeutics for all brain regions is observed to be between 30min-12h, depending upon the distance of brain region from the site of administration, followed by gradual fading of radioactive counts by 24h post intranasal administration. Current study confirms the usefulness of intranasal administration as a non- invasive and efficient means of delivering therapeutics to the brain to treat neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Neelima B. Chauhan
- Department of pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Children’s Hospital of the University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
- Neuroscience Research, R & D, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Kawikova I, Askenase PW. Diagnostic and therapeutic potentials of exosomes in CNS diseases. Brain Res 2014; 1617:63-71. [PMID: 25304360 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A newly discovered cell-to-cell communication system involves small, membrane-enveloped nanovesicles, called exosomes. We describe here how these extracellular nanoparticles were discovered and how it became gradually apparent that they play fundamental roles in regulation of physiological functions and pathological processes. Exosomes enable intercellular communication by transporting genetic material, proteins and lipids to cells in their vicinity or at distant sites, and subsequently regulating functions of targeted cells. Relatively recent experiments indicate that exosomes are released also by CNS cells, including cortical and hippocampal neurons, glial cells, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, and that exosomes have significant impact on pathophysiology of the brain. How it is decided what individual exosomes will carry to their targets is not understood, but it appears that the contents may represent "signature cargos" that are characteristic for various conditions. Exploration of such characteristics could result in discovery of novel diagnostic biomarkers. Exosomes are also promising as a vehicle for therapeutic delivery of micro RNA or other compounds. How to deliver exosomes to selected sites has been a tantalizing question. Recent experiments revealed that at least some exosomes carry antibodies on their surface, suggesting that it may be feasible to deliver exosomes to unique sites based on the recognition of antigens by those antibodies. This discovery implies that rather precise targeting of both natural and engineered exosomes may be feasible. This would reduce distribution volume of therapeutics, and consequently minimize their side effects. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Neuroimmunology in Health And Disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Kawikova
- Section of Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, TAC S-217, 300 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Philip W Askenase
- Section of Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, TAC S-217, 300 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Amanatkar HR, Grossberg GT. Transdermal rivastigmine in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: current and future directions. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 14:1119-25. [DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2014.955852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
129
|
A survey on "Trojan Horse" peptides: opportunities, issues and controlled entry to "Troy". J Control Release 2014; 194:53-70. [PMID: 25151981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), often vividly termed as the "Trojan Horse" peptides, have attracted considerable interest for the intracellular delivery of a wide range of cargoes, such as small molecules, peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, contrast agents, nanocarriers and so on. Some preclinical and clinical developments of CPP conjugates demonstrate their promise as therapeutic agents for drug discovery. There is increasing evidence to suggest that CPPs have the potential to cross several bio-barriers (e.g., blood-brain barriers, intestinal mucosa, nasal mucosa and skin barriers). Despite revolutionary process in many aspects, there are a lot of basic issues unclear for these entities, such as internalization mechanisms, translocation efficiency, translocation kinetics, metabolic degradation, toxicity, side effect, distribution and non-specificity. Among them, non-specificity remains a major drawback for the in vivo application of CPPs in the targeted delivery of cargoes. So far, diverse organelle-specific CPPs or controlled delivery strategies have emerged and improved their specificity. In this review, we will look at the opportunities of CPPs in clinical development, bio-barriers penetration and nanocarriers delivery. Then, a series of basic problems of CPPs will be discussed. Finally, this paper will highlight the use of various controlled strategies in the organelle-specific delivery and targeted delivery of CPPs. The purpose of this review will be to emphasize most influential advance in this field and present a fundamental understanding for challenges and utilizations of CPPs. This will accelerate their translation as efficient vectors from the in vitro setting into the clinic arena, and retrieve the entry art to "Troy".
Collapse
|
130
|
Lu J, Fu T, Qian Y, Zhang Q, Zhu H, Pan L, Guo L, Zhang M. Distribution of α-asarone in brain following three different routes of administration in rats. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 63:63-70. [PMID: 25008114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the present paper is to compare the distributions of α-asarone administered to rats through three different routes: oral, intravenous and intranasal. The concentrations of α-asarone in seven distinct brain regions, the olfactory bulb, cerebellum, hypothalamus, frontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus and medulla/pons as well as in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), were determined by HPLC. The quantities of α-asarone accumulated in liver were measured to determine whether α-asarone could generate hepatotoxicity when administered via the three different routes. The results indicated that α-asarone could be absorbed via two different routes into the brain, after intranasal administration of dry powders. In the systemic route, α-asarone immediately entered the brain through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after uptake into the circulatory system. In the olfactory bulb route, α-asarone traveled from the olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity straight into brain tissue via the olfactory bulb. Furthermore, intranasal administration of α-asarone as a dry powder can ensure quick absorption and avoid excessive concentrations in the blood and liver, while achieving concentrations in the brain comparable to those attained by intravenous and oral administration routes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Botanical Medicine Refinement Engineering Research Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingming Fu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Botanical Medicine Refinement Engineering Research Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuyi Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Botanical Medicine Refinement Engineering Research Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Botanical Medicine Refinement Engineering Research Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huaxu Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Botanical Medicine Refinement Engineering Research Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Linmei Pan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Botanical Medicine Refinement Engineering Research Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Liwei Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Botanical Medicine Refinement Engineering Research Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Botanical Medicine Refinement Engineering Research Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
van Woensel M, Wauthoz N, Rosière R, Amighi K, Mathieu V, Lefranc F, van Gool SW, de Vleeschouwer S. Formulations for Intranasal Delivery of Pharmacological Agents to Combat Brain Disease: A New Opportunity to Tackle GBM? Cancers (Basel) 2013; 5:1020-48. [PMID: 24202332 PMCID: PMC3795377 DOI: 10.3390/cancers5031020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in tumor imaging and chemoradiotherapy, the median overall survival of patients diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme does not exceed 15 months. Infiltration of glioma cells into the brain parenchyma, and the blood-brain barrier are important hurdles to further increase the efficacy of classic therapeutic tools. Local administration methods of therapeutic agents, such as convection enhanced delivery and intracerebral injections, are often associated with adverse events. The intranasal pathway has been proposed as a non-invasive alternative route to deliver therapeutics to the brain. This route will bypass the blood-brain barrier and limit systemic side effects. Upon presentation at the nasal cavity, pharmacological agents reach the brain via the olfactory and trigeminal nerves. Recently, formulations have been developed to further enhance this nose-to-brain transport, mainly with the use of nanoparticles. In this review, the focus will be on formulations of pharmacological agents, which increase the nasal permeation of hydrophilic agents to the brain, improve delivery at a constant and slow release rate, protect therapeutics from degradation along the pathway, increase mucoadhesion, and facilitate overall nasal transport. A mounting body of evidence is accumulating that the underexplored intranasal delivery route might represent a major breakthrough to combat glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias van Woensel
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; E-Mail:
- Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +32-016-34-61-65; Fax: +32-016-34-60-35
| | - Nathalie Wauthoz
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, ULB, Brussels 1050, Belgium; E-Mails: (N.W.); (R.R.); (K.A.)
| | - Rémi Rosière
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, ULB, Brussels 1050, Belgium; E-Mails: (N.W.); (R.R.); (K.A.)
| | - Karim Amighi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, ULB, Brussels 1050, Belgium; E-Mails: (N.W.); (R.R.); (K.A.)
| | - Véronique Mathieu
- Laboratory of Toxicology, ULB, Brussels 1050, Belgium; E-Mails: (V.M.); (F.L.)
| | - Florence Lefranc
- Laboratory of Toxicology, ULB, Brussels 1050, Belgium; E-Mails: (V.M.); (F.L.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus University Hospitals, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Stefaan W. van Gool
- Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; E-Mail:
| | - Steven de Vleeschouwer
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; E-Mail:
- Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; E-Mail:
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|