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Wohl BM, Smith AAA, Jensen BEB, Zelikin AN. Macromolecular (pro)drugs with concurrent direct activity against the hepatitis C virus and inflammation. J Control Release 2014; 196:197-207. [PMID: 25451544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecular prodrugs (MPs) are a powerful tool to alleviate side-effects and improve the efficacy of the broad-spectrum antiviral agent ribavirin. In this work, we sought an understanding of what makes an optimal formulation within the macromolecular parameter space--nature of the polymer carrier, average molar mass, drug loading, or a good combination thereof. A panel of MPs based on biocompatible synthetic vinylic and (meth)acrylic polymers was tested in an anti-inflammatory assay with relevance to alleviating inflammation in the liver during hepatitis C infection. Pristine polymer carriers proved to have a pronounced anti-inflammatory activity, a notion which may prove significant in developing MPs for antiviral and anticancer treatments. With conjugated ribavirin, MPs revealed enhanced activity but also higher toxicity. Therapeutic windows and therapeutic indices were determined and discussed to reveal the most potent formulation and those with optimized safety. Polymers were also tested as inhibitors of replication of the hepatitis C viral RNA using a subgenomic viral replicon system. For the first time, negatively charged polymers are revealed to have an intracellular activity against hepatitis C virus replication. Concerted activity of the polymer and ribavirin afforded MPs which significantly increased the therapeutic index of ribavirin-based treatment. Taken together, the systematic investigation of the macromolecular space identified lead candidates with high efficacy and concurrent direct activity against the hepatitis C virus and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Wohl
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark; iNANO Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
| | - Anton A A Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
| | | | - Alexander N Zelikin
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark; iNANO Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark.
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102
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Luo C, Sun J, Sun B, He Z. Prodrug-based nanoparticulate drug delivery strategies for cancer therapy. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2014; 35:556-66. [PMID: 25441774 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite the rapid developments in nanotechnology and biomaterials, the efficient delivery of chemotherapeutic agents is still challenging. Prodrug-based nanoassemblies have many advantages as a potent platform for anticancer drug delivery, such as improved drug availability, high drug loading efficiency, resistance to recrystallization upon encapsulation, and spatially and temporally controllable drug release. In this review, we discuss prodrug-based nanocarriers for cancer therapy, including nanosystems based on polymer-drug conjugates, self-assembling small molecular weight prodrugs and prodrug-encapsulated nanoparticles (NPs). In addition, we discuss new trends in the field of prodrug-based nanoassemblies that enhance the delivery efficiency of anticancer drugs, with special emphasis on smart stimuli-triggered drug release, hybrid nanoassemblies, and combination drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300193, PR China.
| | - Bingjun Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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103
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Anti-tumor drug delivery system based on cyclodextrin-containing pH-responsive star polymer: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm 2014; 474:232-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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104
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Impact of the Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) Effect and Cathepsins Levels on the Activity of Polymer-Drug Conjugates. Polymers (Basel) 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/polym6082186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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105
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Li G, Li Y, Tang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Yin T, Xu H, Cai C, Tang X. Hydroxyethyl starch conjugates for improving the stability, pharmacokinetic behavior and antitumor activity of 10-hydroxy camptothecin. Int J Pharm 2014; 471:234-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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106
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Cooper DL, Conder CM, Harirforoosh S. Nanoparticles in drug delivery: mechanism of action, formulation and clinical application towards reduction in drug-associated nephrotoxicity. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:1661-80. [PMID: 25054316 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.938046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past few decades, nanoparticles (NPs) have gained immeasurable interest in the field of drug delivery. Various NP formulations have been disseminated in drug development in an attempt to increase efficacy, safety and tolerability of incorporated drugs. In this context, NP formulations that increase solubility, control release, and/or affect the in vivo disposition of drugs, were developed to improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of encapsulated drugs. AREAS COVERED In this article, important properties related to NP function such as particle size, surface charge and shape are disseminated. Also, the current understanding of how NP characteristics affect particle uptake and targeted delivery is elucidated. Selected NP systems currently used in delivery of drugs in biological systems and their production methods are discussed as well. Emphasis is placed on current NP formulations that are shown to reduce drug-induced adverse renal complications. EXPERT OPINION Formulation designs utilizing NP-encapsulated drugs offer alternative pharmacotherapy options with improved safety profiles for current and emerging drugs. NPs have been shown to increase the therapeutic index of several entrapped drugs mostly by decreasing drug localization and side effects on organs. Recent studies on NP-encapsulated chemotherapeutic and antibiotic medications show enhanced therapeutic outcomes by altering drug degradation, increasing systemic circulation and/or enhancing cell specific targeting. They may also reduce the distribution of encapsulated drugs into the kidneys and attenuate drug-associated adverse renal complications. The usefulness of NP formulation in reducing the nephrotoxicity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is an under explored territory that deserves more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin L Cooper
- East Tennessee State University, Gatton College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Johnson City, TN 37614 , USA
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107
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Polymer conjugates of doxorubicin bound through an amide and hydrazone bond: Impact of the carrier structure onto synergistic action in the treatment of solid tumours. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 58:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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108
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Karabline-Kuks J, Fallek A, Portnoy M. Elucidating factors leading to acidolytic degradation of sterically strained oligoether dendrons. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:5621-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00540f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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109
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Kohli AG, Kierstead PH, Venditto VJ, Walsh CL, Szoka FC. Designer lipids for drug delivery: from heads to tails. J Control Release 2014; 190:274-87. [PMID: 24816069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
For four decades, liposomes composed of both naturally occurring and synthetic lipids have been investigated as delivery vehicles for low molecular weight and macromolecular drugs. These studies paved the way for the clinical and commercial success of a number of liposomal drugs, each of which required a tailored formulation; one liposome size does not fit all drugs! Instead, the physicochemical properties of the liposome must be matched to the pharmacology of the drug. An extensive biophysical literature demonstrates that varying lipid composition can influence the size, membrane stability, in vivo interactions, and drug release properties of a liposome. In this review we focus on recently described synthetic lipid headgroups, linkers and hydrophobic domains that can provide control over the intermolecular forces, phase preference, and macroscopic behavior of liposomes. These synthetic lipids further our understanding of lipid biophysics, promote targeted drug delivery and improve liposome stability. We further highlight the immune reactivity of novel synthetic headgroups as a key design consideration. For instance it was originally thought that synthetic PEGylated lipids were immunologically inert; however, it's been observed that under certain conditions PEGylated lipids induce humoral immunity. Such immune activation may be a limitation to the use of other engineered lipid headgroups for drug delivery. In addition to the potential immunogenicity of engineered lipids, future investigations on liposome drugs in vivo should pay particular attention to the location and dynamics of payload release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya G Kohli
- The UC-Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley 94720, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Therapeutic Sciences and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA
| | - Paul H Kierstead
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA
| | - Vincent J Venditto
- Department of Bioengineering, Therapeutic Sciences and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA
| | - Colin L Walsh
- The UC-Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley 94720, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Therapeutic Sciences and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA
| | - Francis C Szoka
- The UC-Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley 94720, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Therapeutic Sciences and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA.
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Fleige E, Achazi K, Schaletzki K, Triemer T, Haag R. pH-responsive dendritic core-multishell nanocarriers. J Control Release 2014; 185:99-108. [PMID: 24768791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we describe novel pH-responsive core-multishell (CMS) nanocarrier (pH-CMS), obtained by introducing an aromatic imine linker between the shell and the core. At a pH of 5 and lower the used imine linker was rapidly cleaved as demonstrated by NMR studies. The CMS nanocarriers were loaded with the dye Nile red (NR) and the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX), respectively. The transport capacities were determined using UV/Vis spectroscopy, and the sizes of the loaded and unloaded CMS nanocarriers were investigated using dynamic light scattering (DLS). We could show that CMS nanocarriers efficiently transported NR in supramolecular aggregates, while DOX was transported in a unimolecular fashion. After cellular uptake the DOX-loaded pH-responsive nanocarriers showed higher toxicities than the stable CMS nanocarriers. This is due to a more efficient DOX release caused by the cleavage of the pH-labile imine bond at lower pH within the intracellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Fleige
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Achazi
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karolina Schaletzki
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Therese Triemer
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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111
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Sun CY, Dou S, Du JZ, Yang XZ, Li YP, Wang J. Doxorubicin conjugate of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-polyphosphoester for cancer therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:261-72. [PMID: 23852934 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polyphosphoesters with repeating phosphoester linkages in the backbone can be easily functionalized, are biodegradable and potentially biocompatible, and may be potential candidates as polymer carriers of drug conjugates. Here, the efficacy of a polyphosphoester drug conjugate as an anticancer agent in vivo is assessed for the first time. With controlled synthesis, doxorubicin conjugated to poly(ethylene glycol)-block-polyphosphoester (PPEH-DOX) via labile hydrazone bonds form spherical nanoparticles in aqueous solution with an average diameter of ≈60 nm. These nanoparticles are effectively internalized by MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and release the conjugated doxorubicin in response to the intracellular pH of endosomes and lysosomes, resulting in significant antiproliferative activity in cancer cells. Compared with free doxorubicin injection, PPEH-DOX injection exhibits much longer circulation behavior in the plasma of mice and leads to enhanced drug accumulation in tumor cells. In an MDA-MB-231 xenograft murine model, inhibition of tumor growth with systemic delivery of PPEH-DOX nanoparticles is more pronounced compared with free doxorubicin injection, suggesting the potential of polyphosphoesters as carriers of drug conjugates in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yang Sun
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
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Polymer–Drug Conjugate in Focal Drug Delivery. ADVANCES IN DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-9434-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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113
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Li G, Cai C, Ren T, Tang X. Development and application of a UPLC–MS/MS method for the pharmacokinetic study of 10-hydroxy camptothecin and hydroxyethyl starch conjugate in rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 88:345-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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114
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Star-branched amphiphilic PLA-b-PDMAEMA copolymers for co-delivery of miR-21 inhibitor and doxorubicin to treat glioma. Biomaterials 2013; 35:2322-35. [PMID: 24332459 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The combined treatment of chemotherapeutant and microRNA (miR) has been proven to be a viable strategy for enhancing chemosensitivity due to its synergistic effect for tumor therapy. However, the co-delivery of drugs and genes remains a major challenge as they lack efficient co-delivery carriers. In this study, three amphiphilic star-branched copolymers comprising polylactic acid (PLA) and polydimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (PDMAEMA) with AB3, (AB3)2,and (AB3)3 molecular architectures were synthesized respectively by a combination of ring-opening polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization, and click chemistry via an "arm-first" approach. The star copolymers possessed a low critical micelle concentration (CMC) and formed nano-sized micelles with positive surface charges in water as well as exhibiting a much lower cytotoxicity than PEI 25 kDa. Nevertheless, their gene transfection efficiency and tumor inhibition ability showed a remarkable dependence on their molecular architecture. The (AB3)3 architecture micelle copolymer exhibited the highest transfection efficiency, about 2.5 times higher than PEI. In addition, after co-delivering DOX and miR-21 inhibitor (miR-21i) into LN229 glioma cells, the micelles could mediate escaping miR-21i from lysosome degradation and the release of DOX to the nucleus, which significantly decreased the miR-21 expression. Moreover, co-delivery of DOX and miR-21i surprisingly exhibited an anti-proliferative efficiency compared with DOX or the miR-21i treatment alone. These results demonstrated that amphiphilic star-branched copolymers are highly promising for their combinatorial delivery of genes and hydrophobic therapeutants.
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115
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Deposition of doxorubicin in rats following administration of three newly synthesized doxorubicin conjugates. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:926584. [PMID: 24381947 PMCID: PMC3870082 DOI: 10.1155/2013/926584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported the synthesis of three DOX conjugates that represented different targeting vehicles and showed them to have antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. However, the relationships between the pharmacokinetics of these DOX conjugates and their chemical structures were not characterized. In the current study, free DOX derived from each of the conjugates was found at low levels in the rat circulatory system, with conjugated DOX being the major form. The two polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugates slowly released DOX, and t₁/₂β for total DOX from DOX-LNA, PEG-ami-DOX, and PEG-hyd-DOX was 5.79, 10.22, and 15.18 h, respectively. All three conjugates also deposited less DOX into normal organs than did an equivalent dose of free DOX, and the C(max) value of free DOX released by DOX-LNA, PEG-ami-DOX, and PEG-hyd-DOX was 32.5, 9.5, and 4.7 μg/g, respectively. Among the conjugates, the compound with an acid-labile bond between PEG and DOX exhibited the lowest free DOX deposition in healthy tissues, which should decrease the systemic toxicity of free DOX while allowing for tumor targeting by PEG.
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116
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Chytil P, Hoffmann S, Schindler L, Kostka L, Ulbrich K, Caysa H, Mueller T, Mäder K, Etrych T. Dual fluorescent HPMA copolymers for passive tumor targeting with pH-sensitive drug release II: Impact of release rate on biodistribution. J Control Release 2013; 172:504-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug delivery systems (DDSs) are important for effective, safe, and convenient administration of drugs. pH- and ion-responsive polymers have been widely employed in DDS for site-specific drug release due to their abilities to exploit specific pH- or ion-gradients in the human body. AREAS COVERED Having pH-sensitivity, cationic polymers can mask the taste of drugs and release drugs in the stomach by responding to gastric low pH. Anionic polymers responsive to intestinal high pH are used for preventing gastric degradation of drug, colon drug delivery and achieving high bioavailability of weak basic drugs. Tumor-targeted DDSs have been developed based on polymers with imidazole groups or poly(β-amino ester) responsive to tumoral low pH. Polymers with pH-sensitive chemical linkages, such as hydrazone, acetal, ortho ester and vinyl ester, pH-sensitive cell-penetrating peptides and cationic polymers undergoing pH-dependent protonation have been studied to utilize the pH gradient along the endocytic pathway for intracellular drug delivery. As ion-sensitive polymers, ion-exchange resins are frequently used for taste-masking, counterion-responsive drug release and sustained drug release. Polymers responding to ions in the saliva and gastrointestinal fluids are also used for controlled drug release in oral drug formulations. EXPERT OPINION Stimuli-responsive DDSs are important for achieving site-specific and controlled drug release; however, intraindividual, interindividual and intercellular variations of pH should be considered when designing DDSs or drug products. Combination of polymers and other components, and deeper understanding of human physiology are important for development of pH- and ion-sensitive polymeric DDS products for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Yoshida
- Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Labs, Astellas Pharma, Inc. , 180 Ozumi, Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-0072 , Japan +81 54 627 6861 ; +81 54 627 9918 ;
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118
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Jiang T, Li YM, Lv Y, Cheng YJ, He F, Zhuo RX. Amphiphilic polycarbonate conjugates of doxorubicin with pH-sensitive hydrazone linker for controlled release. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 111:542-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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119
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Kostková H, Etrych T, Říhová B, Kostka L, Starovoytová L, Kovář M, Ulbrich K. HPMA Copolymer Conjugates of DOX and Mitomycin C for Combination Therapy: Physicochemical Characterization, Cytotoxic Effects, Combination Index Analysis, and Anti-Tumor Efficacy. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:1648-60. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kostková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; v.v.i., Heyrovsky Sq. 2 162 06 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; v.v.i., Heyrovsky Sq. 2 162 06 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Říhová
- Institute of Microbiology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; v.v.i, Vídeňská 1083 142 20 Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Libor Kostka
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; v.v.i., Heyrovsky Sq. 2 162 06 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Larisa Starovoytová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; v.v.i., Heyrovsky Sq. 2 162 06 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kovář
- Institute of Microbiology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; v.v.i, Vídeňská 1083 142 20 Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Karel Ulbrich
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; v.v.i., Heyrovsky Sq. 2 162 06 Prague 6 Czech Republic
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Avc&&baş&& U, Demiroğlu H, Ediz M, Akal&&n HA, Özçal&&şkan E, Şenay H, Türkcan C, Özcan Y, Akgöl S, Avcıbaşı N. Radiolabeling of new generation magnetic poly(HEMA-MAPA) nanoparticles with131I and preliminary investigation of its radiopharmaceutical potential using albino Wistar rats. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2013; 56:708-16. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Uğur Avc&&baş&&
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science; Celal Bayar University; 45030 Manisa Turkey
| | - Hasan Demiroğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science; Celal Bayar University; 45030 Manisa Turkey
| | - Melis Ediz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science; Celal Bayar University; 45030 Manisa Turkey
| | - Hilmi Arkut Akal&&n
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science; Celal Bayar University; 45030 Manisa Turkey
| | - Emir Özçal&&şkan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science; Ege University; 35100 İzmir Turkey
| | - Hilal Şenay
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science; Ege University; 35100 İzmir Turkey
| | - Ceren Türkcan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science; Ege University; 35100 İzmir Turkey
| | - Yeşim Özcan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science; Ege University; 35100 İzmir Turkey
| | - Sinan Akgöl
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science; Ege University; 35100 İzmir Turkey
| | - Nesibe Avcıbaşı
- Ege University, Ege Higher Vocational School; 35100 İzmir Turkey
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121
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Preparation, drug release, and cell growth inhibition of a gelatin: doxorubicin conjugate. Pharm Res 2013; 30:2087-96. [PMID: 23686374 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate the feasibility of a novel macromolecular delivery system for doxorubicin (DOX) which combines pH dependent DOX release with a high molecular weight and biodegradable gelatin carrier. METHODS DOX was conjugated to gelatin using an acid labile hydrazone bond and a glycylglycine linker. The gelatin-doxorubicin conjugate (G-DOX) was evaluated for hydrazide and DOX content by spectrophotometry, molecular weight by HPLC-SEC, in vitro DOX release at various pH, and cell growth inhibition using EL4 mouse lymphoma and PC3 human prostate cells. RESULTS G-DOX hydrazide and DOX content was 47% and 5-7%, respectively of theoretical gelatin carboxylic acid sites. During preparation of G-DOX, the molecular weight decreased to 22 kDa. DOX release was 48% in pH 4.8 phosphate buffer, 22% at pH 6.5, but 10% at pH 7.4. The G-DOX IC50 values in EL4 and PC3 cells were 0.26 μM and 0.77 μM, respectively; the latter value 3 times greater than that of free DOX. CONCLUSIONS A 22 kDa macromolecular DOX conjugate containing 3.4-5.0% w/w DOX has been prepared. The pH dependent drug release in combination with a biodegradable gelatin carrier offer potential therapeutic advantages of enhanced tumor cell localization and reduced systemic toxicities of the drug.
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Sun Q, Radosz M, Shen Y. Rational Design of Translational Nanocarriers. FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS FOR NANOMEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849737388-00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qihang Sun
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Soft Materials Laboratory, University of WyomingLaramieWY 82071USA
| | - Maciej Radosz
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Soft Materials Laboratory, University of WyomingLaramieWY 82071USA
| | - Youqing Shen
- Center for Bionanoengineering and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027P. R.
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Sun Q, Wang J, Radosz M, Shen Y. Polymer-Based Prodrugs for Cancer Chemotherapy. FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS FOR NANOMEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849737388-00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qihang Sun
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Soft Materials Laboratory, University of WyomingLaramieWY
| | - Jinqiang Wang
- Center for Bionanoengineering and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027P. R. China
| | - Maciej Radosz
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Soft Materials Laboratory, University of WyomingLaramieWY
| | - Youqing Shen
- Center for Bionanoengineering and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027P. R. China
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124
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Zhang P, Cheetham AG, Lock LL, Cui H. Cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of drug-peptide conjugates regulated by conjugation site. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:604-13. [PMID: 23514455 DOI: 10.1021/bc300585h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Conjugation of anticancer drugs to hydrophilic peptides such as Tat is a widely adopted strategy to improve the drug's solubility, cellular uptake, and potency against cancerous cells. Here we report that attachment of an anticancer drug doxorubicin to the N- or C-terminal of the Tat peptide can have a significant impact on their cellular uptake and cytotoxicity against both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cancer cells. We observed higher cellular uptake by both cell lines for C-terminal conjugate relative to the N-terminal analogue. Our results reveal that the C-terminal conjugate partially overcame the multidrug resistance of cervical cancer cells, while the N-terminal conjugate showed no significant improvement in cytotoxicity when compared with free doxorubicin. We also found that both N- and C-conjugates offer a mechanism to circumvent drug efflux associated with multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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125
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Yuan J, Miao C, Peng F, Zeng X, Guo H, Wang X, Liao S, Xie X. Synthesis and characterization of poly(HPMA)-APMA-DTPA- 99mTc for imaging-guided drug delivery in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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126
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Bamrungsap S, Zhao Z, Chen T, Wang L, Li C, Fu T, Tan W. Nanotechnology in therapeutics: a focus on nanoparticles as a drug delivery system. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 7:1253-71. [PMID: 22931450 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuing improvement in the pharmacological and therapeutic properties of drugs is driving the revolution in novel drug delivery systems. In fact, a wide spectrum of therapeutic nanocarriers has been extensively investigated to address this emerging need. Accordingly, this article will review recent developments in the use of nanoparticles as drug delivery systems to treat a wide variety of diseases. Finally, we will introduce challenges and future nanotechnology strategies to overcome limitations in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwussa Bamrungsap
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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127
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Binauld S, Stenzel MH. Acid-degradable polymers for drug delivery: a decade of innovation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:2082-102. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36589h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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128
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Zhang M, Xiong Q, Chen J, Wang Y, Zhang Q. A novel cyclodextrin-containing pH-responsive star polymer for nanostructure fabrication and drug delivery. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00656e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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129
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Zhong YJ, Shao LH, Li Y. Cathepsin B-cleavable doxorubicin prodrugs for targeted cancer therapy (Review). Int J Oncol 2012; 42:373-83. [PMID: 23291656 PMCID: PMC3583876 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most effective cytotoxic anticancer drugs used for the treatment of hematological malignancies, as well as a broad range of solid tumors. However, the clinical applications of this drug have long been limited due to its severe dose-dependent toxicities. Therefore, DOX derivatives and analogs have been developed to address this issue. A type of DOX prodrug, cleaved by cathepsin B (Cat B), which is highly upregulated in malignant tumors and premalignant lesions, has been developed to achieve a higher DOX concentration in tumor tissue and a lower concentration in normal tissue, so as to enhance the efficacy and reduce toxicity to normal cells. In this review, we focused on Cat B-cleavable DOX prodrugs and discussed the efficacy of these prodrugs, demonstrated by preclinical and clinical developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jun Zhong
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
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130
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Sun Q, Radosz M, Shen Y. Challenges in design of translational nanocarriers. J Control Release 2012; 164:156-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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131
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Etrych T, Šubr V, Strohalm J, Šírová M, Říhová B, Ulbrich K. HPMA copolymer-doxorubicin conjugates: The effects of molecular weight and architecture on biodistribution and in vivo activity. J Control Release 2012; 164:346-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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132
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Yuan J, Li J, Jia Z, Song F, Guo H, Zeng X. Synthesis, characterization, and in vivo evaluation of tumor targeting N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymer conjugates containing sulfamethazine groups. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911512461106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have identified that sulfadiazine derivatives can be concentrated in the hepatocellular carcinoma tissue. Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of a novel sulfamethazine N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymer conjugates for tumor targeting. N-(3-Aminopropyl)methacrylamide-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid monomer 1, methacryloyl-sulfamethazine monomer 2, poly( N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide)-sulfamethazine-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid conjugate 4, and poly( N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide)-sulfamethazine-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-99mTc were successfully synthesized and characterized. Poly( N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide)-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid conjugate 3, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-99mTc, and poly( N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide)-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-99mTc were also synthesized and characterized for comparison (99mTc: metastable technetium-99). A 24-h necropsy data in the hepatocellular carcinoma tumor model showed significantly higher ( p < 0.001) tumor localization for poly( N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide)-sulfamethazine-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-99mTc (4.82%ID/g ± 0.46%ID/g (percentage injected dose per gram tissue)) compared with poly( N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide)-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-99mTc (2.69%ID/g ± 0.15%ID/g) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-99mTc (0.83%ID/g ± 0.03%ID/g). Moreover, higher tumor/organ ratios for poly( N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide)-sulfamethazine-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-99mTc indicated reduced extravasation of the targeted polymeric conjugates in normal tissues. Thus, the poly( N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide)-sulfamethazine-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid can potentially be used as a macromolecular targeting carrier for hepatocellular carcinoma in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fengying Song
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongyun Guo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gansu Academy of Medical Sciences, Gansu Provincial Tumor Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xianwu Zeng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gansu Academy of Medical Sciences, Gansu Provincial Tumor Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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133
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Studenovsky M, Pola R, Pechar M, Etrych T, Ulbrich K, Kovar L, Kabesova M, Rihova B. Polymer Carriers for Anticancer Drugs Targeted to EGF Receptor. Macromol Biosci 2012; 12:1714-20. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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134
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Depan D, Misra R. Hybrid nanostructured drug carrier with tunable and controlled drug release. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012; 32:1704-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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135
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Filippov SK, Chytil P, Konarev PV, Dyakonova M, Papadakis C, Zhigunov A, Plestil J, Stepanek P, Etrych T, Ulbrich K, Svergun DI. Macromolecular HPMA-Based Nanoparticles with Cholesterol for Solid-Tumor Targeting: Detailed Study of the Inner Structure of a Highly Efficient Drug Delivery System. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:2594-604. [DOI: 10.1021/bm3008555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey K. Filippov
- Institute of Macromolecular
Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Heyrovský Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague
6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Chytil
- Institute of Macromolecular
Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Heyrovský Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague
6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr V. Konarev
- European Molecular
Biology Laboratory, EMBL c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Margarita Dyakonova
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Physik-Department,
Fachgebiet
Physik weicher Materie, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - ChristineM. Papadakis
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Physik-Department,
Fachgebiet
Physik weicher Materie, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Zhigunov
- Institute of Macromolecular
Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Heyrovský Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague
6, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Plestil
- Institute of Macromolecular
Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Heyrovský Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague
6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Stepanek
- Institute of Macromolecular
Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Heyrovský Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague
6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular
Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Heyrovský Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague
6, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Ulbrich
- Institute of Macromolecular
Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Heyrovský Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague
6, Czech Republic
| | - Dmitri I. Svergun
- European Molecular
Biology Laboratory, EMBL c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany
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136
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Taurin S, Nehoff H, Greish K. Anticancer nanomedicine and tumor vascular permeability; Where is the missing link? J Control Release 2012; 164:265-75. [PMID: 22800576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Anticancer nanomedicine was coined to describe anticancer delivery systems such as polymer conjugates, liposomes, micelles, and metal nanoparticles. These anticancer delivery platforms have been developed with the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect as a central mechanism for tumor targeting. EPR based nanomedicine has demonstrated, beyond doubt, to selectively target tumor tissues in animal models. However, over the last two decades, only nine anticancer agents utilizing this targeting strategy have been approved for clinical use. In this review, we systematically analyze various aspects that explain the limited clinical progress yet achieved. The influence of nanomedicine physicochemical characteristics, animal tumor models, and variations in tumor biology, on EPR based tumor targeting is closely examined. Furthermore, we reviewed results from over one hundred publications to construct patterns of factors that can influence the transition of EPR based anticancer nanomedicine to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Taurin
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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137
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Quadir MA, Haag R. Biofunctional nanosystems based on dendritic polymers. J Control Release 2012; 161:484-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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138
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Chytil P, Etrych T, Kostka L, Ulbrich K. Hydrolytically Degradable Polymer Micelles for Anticancer Drug Delivery to Solid Tumors. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201100632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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139
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Larson N, Ghandehari H. Polymeric conjugates for drug delivery. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2012; 24:840-853. [PMID: 22707853 PMCID: PMC3374380 DOI: 10.1021/cm2031569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The field of polymer therapeutics has evolved over the past decade and has resulted in the development of polymer-drug conjugates with a wide variety of architectures and chemical properties. Whereas traditional non-degradable polymeric carriers such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylamide) (HPMA) copolymers have been translated to use in the clinic, functionalized polymer-drug conjugates are increasingly being utilized to obtain biodegradable, stimuli-sensitive, and targeted systems in an attempt to further enhance localized drug delivery and ease of elimination. In addition, the study of conjugates bearing both therapeutic and diagnostic agents has resulted in multifunctional carriers with the potential to both "see and treat" patients. In this paper, the rational design of polymer-drug conjugates will be discussed followed by a review of different classes of conjugates currently under investigation. The design and chemistry used for the synthesis of various conjugates will be presented with additional comments on their potential applications and current developmental status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nate Larson
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84108, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84108, USA
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84108, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84108, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84108, USA
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140
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Hoffmann S, Vystrčilová L, Ulbrich K, Etrych T, Caysa H, Mueller T, Mäder K. Dual fluorescent HPMA copolymers for passive tumor targeting with pH-sensitive drug release: synthesis and characterization of distribution and tumor accumulation in mice by noninvasive multispectral optical imaging. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:652-63. [PMID: 22263698 DOI: 10.1021/bm2015027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical in vivo characterization of new polymeric drug conjugate candidates is crucial for understanding the effects of certain chemical modifications on distribution and elimination of these carrier systems, which is the basis for rational drug design. In our study we synthesized dual fluorescent HPMA copolymers of different architectures and molecular weights, containing one fluorescent dye coupled via a stable hydrazide bond functioning as the carrier label and the other one modeling the drug bound to a carrier via a pH-sensitive hydrolytically cleavable hydrazone bond. Thus, it was possible to track the in vivo fate, namely distribution, elimination and tumor accumulation, of the polymer drug carrier and a cleavable model drug simultaneously and noninvasively in nude mice using multispectral optical imaging. We confirmed our in vivo results by more detailed ex vivo characterization (imaging and microscopy) of autopsied organs and tumors. There was no significant difference in relative biodistribution in the body between the 30 KDa linear and 200 KDa star-like polymer, but the star-like polymer circulated much longer. We observed a moderate accumulation of the polymeric carriers in the tumors. The accumulation of the pH-sensitive releasable model drug was even higher compared to the polymer accumulation. Additionally, we were able to follow the long-term in vivo fate and to prove a time-dependent tumor accumulation of HPMA copolymers over several days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hoffmann
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Martin Luther University , Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
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