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Ricucci D, Siqueira JF. Bacteriologic status of non-cavitated proximal enamel caries lesions. A histologic and histobacteriologic study. J Dent 2020; 100:103422. [PMID: 32615236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This histologic and histobacteriologic study evaluated non-cavitated interproximal white spot lesions in human teeth for the 1) presence and morphology of bacterial aggregations at the enamel-dentinal junction (EDJ), and 2) reactions in the subjacent pulp tissue. METHODS The material comprised 16 third molars diagnosed with early interproximal caries lesions obtained consecutively in a single clinical practice. Four third molars with clinically intact proximal surfaces served as controls. Caries activity was categorized as active or arrested. Teeth were prepared for histologic and histobacteriologic analyses. RESULTS Control teeth exhibited normal tissue conditions with no bacteria. Macroscopic discoloration of the superficial dentin occurred in 14/16 teeth with early caries lesions. Bacterial aggregations resembling biofilms were observed in 10/16 teeth (six with active and four with arrested lesions). Bacterial cells were observed superficially in some of the underlying dentinal tubules, while in a few cases a deeper penetration was evident. Pathologic changes of varying degrees were observed in the pulps of all 16 teeth, regardless of the caries activity (active or arrested). Pulp reactions varied from disruption of the odontoblast layer, with loss of odontoblasts, to formation of tertiary dentin. CONCLUSIONS Bacterial biofilms associated with white-spot caries lesions may traverse the enamel and reach the underlying dentin in both active and arrested lesions. In all teeth with early lesions, the pulps showed changes in response to the very superficial biofilm challenge. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE In non-cavitated, active or arrested, enamel caries lesions, bacteria traverse the enamel and may establish structured biofilms at the enamel-dentinal junction, causing early pulp changes. These new findings may stimulate clinicians to rethink the rationale for treatment methods that are based on the assumption that bacteria are absent in white-spot lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics and Dental Research, Iguaçu University (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brazil; Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Zhong J, Tu X, Kong Y, Guo L, Li B, Zhong W, Cheng Y, Jiang Y, Jiang Q. LncRNA H19 promotes odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells by regulating miR-140-5p and BMP-2/FGF9. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:202. [PMID: 32460893 PMCID: PMC7251819 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01698-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence has revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) exert critical roles in biological mineralization. As a critical process for dentin formation, odontoblastic differentiation is regulated by complex signaling networks. The present study aimed to investigate the biological role and regulatory mechanisms of lncRNA-H19 (H19) in regulating the odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). METHODS We performed lncRNA microarray assay to reveal the expression patterns of lncRNAs involved in odontoblastic differentiation. H19 was identified and verified as a critical factor by qRT-PCR. The gain- and loss-of-function studies were performed to investigate the biological role of H19 in regulating odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs in vitro and in vivo. Odontoblastic differentiation was evaluated through qRT-PCR, Western blot, and Alizarin Red S staining. Bioinformatics analysis identified that H19 could directly interact with miR-140-5p, which was further verified by luciferase reporter assay. After overexpression of miR-140-5p in hDPSCs, odontoblastic differentiation was determined. Moreover, the potential target genes of miR-140-5p were investigated and the biological functions of BMP-2 and FGF9 in hDPSCs were verified. Co-transfection experiments were conducted to validate miR-140-5p was involved in H19-mediated odontoblastic differentiation in hDPSCs. RESULTS The expression of H19 was significantly upregulated in hDPSCs undergoing odontoblastic differentiation. Overexpression of H19 stimulated odontoblastic differentiation in vitro and in vivo, whereas downregulation of H19 revealed the opposite effect. H19 binds directly to miR-140-5p and overexpression of miR-140-5p inhibited odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs. H19 acted as a miR-140-5p sponge, resulting in regulated the expression of BMP-2 and FGF9. Overexpression of H19 abrogated the inhibitory effect of miR-140-5p on odontoblastic differentiation. CONCLUSION Our data revealed that H19 plays a positive regulatory role in odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs through miR-140-5p/BMP-2/FGF9 axis, suggesting that H19 may be a stimulatory regulator of odontogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangsha Avenue 39, Guangzhou, 510000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinran Tu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangsha Avenue 39, Guangzhou, 510000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangsha Avenue 39, Guangzhou, 510000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liyang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangsha Avenue 39, Guangzhou, 510000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Baishun Li
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangsha Avenue 39, Guangzhou, 510000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenchao Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangsha Avenue 39, Guangzhou, 510000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiguo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianzhou Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangsha Avenue 39, Guangzhou, 510000 People’s Republic of China
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103
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Chen Z, Zhang K, Qiu W, Luo Y, Pan Y, Li J, Yang Y, Wu B, Fang F. Genome-wide identification of long noncoding RNAs and their competing endogenous RNA networks involved in the odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:114. [PMID: 32169113 PMCID: PMC7071724 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01622-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the multiple differentiations of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, few studies have focused on the regulatory mechanism of lncRNAs in the odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). METHODS hDPSCs were induced to differentiate into odontoblasts in vitro, and the expression profiles of lncRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in differentiated and undifferentiated cells were obtained by microarray. Bioinformatics analyses including Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, pathway analysis, and binding site prediction were performed for functional annotation of lncRNA. miRNA/odontogenesis-related gene networks and lncRNA-associated ceRNA networks were constructed. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to verify the expression of selected genes. RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), qRT-PCR, and western blot analysis were used to explore the location and function of lncRNA-G043225. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm the binding sites of miR-588 with G043225 and Fibrillin 1 (FBN1). RESULTS We identified 132 lncRNAs, 114 miRNAs, and 172 mRNAs were differentially expressed. GO analysis demonstrated that regulation of the neurogenic locus notch homolog (Notch), Wnt, and epidermal growth factor receptor (ERBB) signaling pathways and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity were related to odontogenic differentiation. Pathway analysis indicated that the most significant pathway was the forkhead box O (FoxO) signaling pathway, which is related to odontogenic differentiation. Two odontogenesis-related gene-centered lncRNA-associated ceRNA networks were successfully constructed. The qRT-PCR validation results were consistent with the microarray analysis. G043225 mainly locating in cytoplasm was proved to promote the odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs via miR-588 and FBN1. CONCLUSION This is the first study revealing lncRNA-associated ceRNA network during odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs using microarray, and it could provide clues to explore the mechanism of action at the RNA-RNA level as well as novel treatments for dentin regeneration based on stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiying Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Pan
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjia Li
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yeqing Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Buling Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fuchun Fang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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104
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Molecular Mechanisms of Dentine-Pulp Complex Response Induced by Microbiome of Deep Caries. ARS MEDICA TOMITANA 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/arsm-2019-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Deep caries progress is associated with tertiary dentin formation and additional reversible or irreversible dental pulp inflammation. It seems that some particular signs of pain in irreversible pulpitis are associated to a particular caries microflora. Streptococcus species, Parvimonas micra and Dialister invisus are prevailing in cases of throbbing pain while Streptococcus mutans is incriminated in sensitivity to vertical percussion of tooth. Continuous pain is thought to be the clinical outcome of Lactobacillus implication. A better understanding of molecular signals and mechanisms induced by microbiome of deep caries that orchestrate the modulation of dental pulp complex response toward tertiary dentinogenesis or pulp inflammation it is supposed to improve diagnosis and conservative therapies of vital pulp.
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105
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Kim Y, Park JY, Park HJ, Kim MK, Kim YI, Kim HJ, Bae SK, Bae MK. Pentraxin-3 Modulates Osteogenic/Odontogenic Differentiation and Migration of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225778. [PMID: 31744201 PMCID: PMC6887979 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pentraxin-3 (PTX3) is recognized as a modulator of inflammation and a mediator of tissue repair. In this study, we characterized the role of PTX3 on some biological functions of human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs). The expression level of PTX3 significantly increased during osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of HDPSCs, whereas the knockdown of PTX3 decreased this differentiation. Silencing of PTX3 in HDPSCs inhibited their migration and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) expression. Our present study indicates that PTX3 is involved in osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation and migration of HDPSCs, and may contribute to the therapeutic potential of HDPSCs for regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50610, Korea; (Y.K.); (J.-Y.P.); (H.-J.P.); (M.-K.K.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Joo-Yeon Park
- Department of Oral Physiology, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50610, Korea; (Y.K.); (J.-Y.P.); (H.-J.P.); (M.-K.K.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Hyun-Joo Park
- Department of Oral Physiology, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50610, Korea; (Y.K.); (J.-Y.P.); (H.-J.P.); (M.-K.K.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Mi-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50610, Korea; (Y.K.); (J.-Y.P.); (H.-J.P.); (M.-K.K.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Yong-Il Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50610, Korea;
| | - Hyung Joon Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50610, Korea; (Y.K.); (J.-Y.P.); (H.-J.P.); (M.-K.K.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Soo-Kyung Bae
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50610, Korea
| | - Moon-Kyoung Bae
- Department of Oral Physiology, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50610, Korea; (Y.K.); (J.-Y.P.); (H.-J.P.); (M.-K.K.); (H.J.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-8239
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106
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Lopes MB, Soares VCG, Fagundes FHR, Gonini-Junior A, Kaneshima RH, Guiraldo RD, Diz-Filho EBS, Berger SB, Felizardo KR, Santos MLD. Analysis of Molecular Changes Induced By Mineral Trioxide Aggregate On sPLA2. Braz Dent J 2019; 30:453-458. [PMID: 31596329 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201902463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of MTA on the structure and enzymatic activity of sPLA2 in order to provide subsidies for improvement in the formulation of the product. MTA powder was incubated for 60 min in the presence of sPLA2 and was analyzed by chromatography, electrospray mass (ESI-MS) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). It was find that the elution profile, retention time, and fragmentation of sPLA2 were altered after treatment with MTA. Calcium was the MTA component that most amplified the inflammatory signal. Significant interactions were found between MTA and sPLA2, which could aid in our understanding of the mechanisms of action of MTA during the inflammatory process and it may facilitate the structural modification of MTA, thereby improving its biological safety and consequently the rate of the treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo B Lopes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, UNOPAR - Universidade Norte do Paraná, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Fabio H R Fagundes
- Health Sciences, UniAnchieta, Universidade Padre Anchieta, Jundiaí, SP, Brazil
| | - Alcides Gonini-Junior
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, UNOPAR - Universidade Norte do Paraná, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Renan H Kaneshima
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, UNOPAR - Universidade Norte do Paraná, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Ricardo D Guiraldo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, UNOPAR - Universidade Norte do Paraná, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Eduardo B S Diz-Filho
- Department of Biochemistry, UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandrine B Berger
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, UNOPAR - Universidade Norte do Paraná, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Klissia R Felizardo
- Department of Dentistry, UNIPAR - Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcelo L Dos Santos
- Department of Chemistry, UFS - Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
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Fawzy El-Sayed KM, Elsalawy R, Ibrahim N, Gadalla M, Albargasy H, Zahra N, Mokhtar S, El Nahhas N, El Kaliouby Y, Dörfer CE. The Dental Pulp Stem/Progenitor Cells-Mediated Inflammatory-Regenerative Axis. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2019; 25:445-460. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karim M. Fawzy El-Sayed
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Nehal Zahra
- Faculty of Dentistry, New Giza University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Christof E. Dörfer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
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108
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Surface Pre-Reacted Glass Filler Contributes to Tertiary Dentin Formation through a Mechanism Different Than That of Hydraulic Calcium-Silicate Cement. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091440. [PMID: 31514356 PMCID: PMC6780685 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of tissue mineralization and the mechanism by which surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) cement influences pulpal healing remain unclear. We evaluated S-PRG cement-induced tertiary dentin formation in vivo, and its effect on the pulp cell healing process in vitro. Induced tertiary dentin formation was evaluated with micro-computed tomography (μCT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The distribution of elements from the S-PRG cement in pulpal tissue was confirmed by micro-X-ray fluorescence (μXRF). The effects of S-PRG cement on cytotoxicity, proliferation, formation of mineralized nodules, and gene expression in human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were assessed in vitro. μCT and SEM revealed that S-PRG induced tertiary dentin formation with similar characteristics to that induced by hydraulic calcium-silicate cement (ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)). μXRF showed Sr and Si ion transfer into pulpal tissue from S-PRG cement. Notably, S-PRG cement and MTA showed similar biocompatibility. A co-culture of hDPSCs and S-PRG discs promoted mineralized nodule formation on surrounding cells. Additionally, S-PRG cement regulated the expression of genes related to osteo/dentinogenic differentiation. MTA and S-PRG regulated gene expression in hDPSCs, but the patterns of regulation differed. S-PRG cement upregulated CXCL-12 and TGF-β1 gene expression. These findings showed that S-PRG and MTA exhibit similar effects on dental pulp through different mechanisms.
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109
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Brodzikowska A, Gondek A, Rak B, Paskal W, Pełka K, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A, Włodarski P. Metalloproteinase 14 (MMP-14) and hsa-miR-410-3p expression in human inflamed dental pulp and odontoblasts. Histochem Cell Biol 2019; 152:345-353. [PMID: 31486923 PMCID: PMC6842353 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-019-01811-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate MMP-14 expression in odontoblasts and in the bulk of dental pulp of teeth with pulpitis; to determine the expression of microRNA-410 (miR-410) in pulp tissue, since sequence analysis suggests that miR-410 has potential binding site on MMP-14’s 3′UTR, and hence, can regulate expression of the latter one. Tissue samples of dental pulp from teeth with pulpitis and healthy (control) were formalin fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE). Samples were examined using immunohistochemical staining for MMP-14 and the expression of miR-410 was evaluated using qRT-PCR. In both, healthy and inflamed pulp odontoblasts stained more intensively than remaining pulp tissue, but this difference was not statistically significant. More positive staining was observed in inflamed pulps compared to healthy pulps. Expression of miR-410 was found significantly lower in inflamed pulps than in healthy ones. In the two examined zones, odontoblasts and remaining pulp, miR-410 was expressed on a similar level. No statistically significant correlation of miR-410 and MMP-14 expression was found. We showed that inflammation changes the MMP-14 expression in pulp tissue and odontoblasts. This study demonstrates for the first time miR-410 expression in human dental pulp and that expression of this microRNA was downregulated in inflamed dental pulp and odontoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniela Brodzikowska
- The Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Miodowa 18, 00-246, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agata Gondek
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Rak
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiktor Paskal
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kacper Pełka
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Włodarski
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
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110
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Massaro H, Zambelli LFA, Britto AAD, Vieira RP, Ligeiro-de-Oliveira AP, Andia DC, Oliveira MT, Lima AF. Solvent and HEMA Increase Adhesive Toxicity and Cytokine Release from Dental Pulp Cells. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12172750. [PMID: 31461952 PMCID: PMC6747760 DOI: 10.3390/ma12172750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the hydroxyethyl-methacrylate (HEMA) concentration and solvent content of dental adhesives on cell viability and cytokine (IL-1b, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α) release by human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). HDPCs were obtained from fresh extracted human third molars. Experimental adhesives were prepared containing different concentrations of HEMA (0%, 10%, and 20%) with and without solvent (ethanol 10%). Cylindrical specimens were immersed on culture medium during 24 h to obtain the extracts. The cells were incubated with extracts (culture medium + components leached from the adhesives) of different adhesives, and cell viability and cytokine release were evaluated after 6 and 24 h of exposure. Adhesives containing HEMA promoted high cell viability reduction after 6 h of exposure; but after 24 h, the results were similar to the ones found among control group cells. These effects on cell viability were prominently increased with the addition of solvent. Although IL-1b release was not affected by exposure to eluates, other cytokines (IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α) were modulated by the different experiment conditions, directly influenced by the HEMA concentration and presence of solvent. Higher HEMA concentrations, combined with the presence of solvent, can promote significant reduction on HDPC viability, increasing the release of anti- and pro-inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helder Massaro
- Department of Endodontics, Paulista University, Rua Doutor Bacelar, 1212, Sao Paulo 04026-002, Brazil
| | | | - Auriléia A de Britto
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo P Vieira
- Post-graduation Program in Bioengineering and in Biomedical Engineering, Universidade Brasil, Rua Carolina Fonseca 235, São Paulo 08230-030, Brazil
- Department of Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Avenida Ana Costa 95, Santos 11060-001, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), Rua Pedro Ernesto 240, São José dos Campos 12245-520, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Anhembi Morumbi University, Avenida Deputado Benedito Matarazzo 4050, São José dos Campos 12230-002, Brazil
| | - Ana P Ligeiro-de-Oliveira
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Denise C Andia
- Dental Research Division, Paulista University, Rua Doutor Bacelar, 1212, Sao Paulo 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Marcelo T Oliveira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ibirapuera University, Av. Interlagos, 1329-Chácara Flora, São Paulo SP 04661-100, Brazil
| | - Adriano F Lima
- Dental Research Division, Paulista University, Rua Doutor Bacelar, 1212, Sao Paulo 04026-002, Brazil.
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111
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Abstract
Abstract
The dentine-pulp complex response in deep caries is histological characterized by tertiary formation and mild chronic pulp inflammation. The quiescent primary odontoblasts are reactivated, laying down reactionary tertiary dentine. In more severe carious damage the primary odontoblasts die and reparative tertiary dentine is secreted by odontoblast-like cells, which are differentiated in adult teeth mainly from dental pulp stem cells DPSC. Though associated with reversible pulpitis DPSC still preserve in deep caries the capability of migration, proliferation and differentiation. Some common mechanisms of molecular signals involved in tertiary dentine formation might also explain the balance between inflammation and regeneration of dentine-pulp complex.
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112
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Yue W, Kim S, Jung HS, Lee JM, Lee S, Kim E. Differential Protein Expression in Human Dental Pulp: Comparison of Healthy, Inflamed, and Traumatic Pulp. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8081234. [PMID: 31426363 PMCID: PMC6723928 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Trauma or injury to the dental pulp causes inflammation. This study compared the proteome of healthy pulp with inflamed pulp and traumatic pulp to identify the differentially expressed proteins in the diseased state. Five participants were grouped based on the pulpal status of the teeth: healthy, inflamed, or traumatic pulp. Pulp was extirpated and stored immediately in liquid nitrogen. Pulp tissues were subjected to 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and spot selection was performed. The selected spots were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and identified by correlating mass spectra to the proteomic databases. Fifteen spots showed increased expression in the inflamed and traumatic pulp. Annexin V, type II keratin, and hemoglobin levels were increased two-fold in the inflamed and traumatic pulp group and annexin V, mutant beta-actin, and hemoglobin were increased by ten-fold in the inflamed or traumatic pulp group, compared to levels in the healthy pulp group. Annexin V constituted two out of fifteen protein spots, and seemed to play a critical role in inhibiting inflammation and promoting the immune reaction. Further studies on this protein concerning its role in pulp repair are necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonyoung Yue
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sunil Kim
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sukjoon Lee
- Department of Applied Life Science, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Euiseong Kim
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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113
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Sun X, Meng L, Qiao W, Yang R, Gao Q, Peng Y, Bian Z. Vascular endothelial growth factor A/Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 axis promotes human dental pulp stem cell migration via the FAK/PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK signalling pathways. Int Endod J 2019; 52:1691-1703. [PMID: 31267530 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and the underlying molecular mechanisms on the migration of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). METHODOLOGY The expression of VEGFA in inflammatory pulp tissue and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated dental pulp cells was examined by immunofluorescence staining and qRT-PCR. The migration of hDPSCs was detected using transwell migration and wound healing assays. The activation of FAK, PI3K, Akt and p38 signalling was evaluated by Western blot analysis. Silence RNA (siRNA) technology was utilized to knockdown the expression of VEGFR1 (Flt-1) and VEGFR2 (Flk-1/KDR). PF573228 (inhibitor of FAK), LY294002 (inhibitor of PI3K), SB203580 (inhibitor of p38) and SU5416 (inhibitor of VEGFR2) were employed to investigate the effect of VEGFA on the migratory mechanism of hDPSCs. Data were analysed statistically using the Student's t-test or one-way ANOVA. RESULTS The expression levels of VEGFA in inflammatory pulp tissue in vivo and LPS-stimulated dental pulp cells in vitro were significantly greater than those in the control groups (P < 0.05). Vascular endothelial growth factor A promoted the migration of hDPSCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Several signalling pathways, including FAK, PI3K, Akt and p38, were activated by VEGFA in a dose- and time-dependent manner in hDPSCs. The VEGFA-induced migration of hDPSCs was significantly inhibited with drug inhibitors such as PF573228, LY294002, SB203580 or SU5416 (P < 0.05). These signalling pathways activated by VEGFA stimulation were significantly suppressed by pre-treatment with inhibitor of VEGFR2 (SU5416) or transfection with siRNA of VRGFR2 (P < 0.05) but not VEGFR1 siRNA. CONCLUSIONS Vascular endothelial growth factor A/VEGFR2 axis promoted the migration of hDPSCs via the FAK/PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK signalling pathways. These findings reveal a novel molecular mechanism for cell migration of hDPSCs, which may contribute to the remodelling of pulp tissue and dentine.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - L Meng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - W Qiao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - R Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Q Gao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Y Peng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Z Bian
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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114
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Lohmann J, Schäfer E, Dammaschke T. Histological determination of cariously altered collagen after dentin caries excavation with the polymer bur PolyBur P1 in comparison to a conventional bud bur. Head Face Med 2019; 15:19. [PMID: 31307514 PMCID: PMC6628479 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-019-0205-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare the polymer bur PolyBur P1 (P1) with tungsten carbide bud bur H1 SE (H1) in removing cariously altered collagen during dentin caries excavation. METHODS Fifty extracted teeth were split in the center of a carious lesion. The 100 specimens were randomly divided into 5 groups. Five dentists were asked to excavate 10 teeth each: one half with P1 and the corresponding half with H1. The time needed for caries excavation was measured. Subsequently, histological specimens were produced and analyzed by light-microscope after Mallory-Azan-staining. The thickness of remaining cariously altered collagen was measured (< 1 mm or > 1 mm). The results were statistically evaluated. RESULTS The average time to excavate a cavity with P1 was 254 (± 148) sec and 202 (± 129) sec with H1. The difference in times was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In the group P1 in 66.1% of the sections cariously altered collagen remained, whereas 33.9% showed sound collagen. In the group H1 45.7% sections had remaining cariously altered collagen and 54.3% showed sound collagen. The difference between P1 and H1 was statistically significant (p = 0.004). In the group P1 the layer of cariously altered collagen was significantly more often thicker than 1 mm than in the group H1 (p < 0.05). The variable "type of bur" had a statistically significant influence for the presence of cariously altered collagen (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Conventional H1 bud burs were significantly more effective in removing cariously altered collagen during dentin caries excavation than the polymer bur P1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edgar Schäfer
- Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, building W 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Till Dammaschke
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, Westphalian Wilhelms-University, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, building W 30, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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115
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Zhu N, Chatzistavrou X, Papagerakis P, Ge L, Qin M, Wang Y. Silver-Doped Bioactive Glass/Chitosan Hydrogel with Potential Application in Dental Pulp Repair. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:4624-4633. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ningxin Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, #22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xanthippi Chatzistavrou
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Petros Papagerakis
- College of Dentistry and Biomedical Engineering, Toxicology, Pharmacy/Nutrition, Anatomy and Cell Biology Colleges Graduate Programs, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Lihong Ge
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, #22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Man Qin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, #22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, #22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
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116
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Mo Z, Li Q, Cai L, Zhan M, Xu Q. The effect of DNA methylation on the miRNA expression pattern in lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in human dental pulp cells. Mol Immunol 2019; 111:11-18. [PMID: 30952010 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endodontic infection is a widespread oral problem. DNA methylation is a key epigenetic modification that plays important roles in various inflammatory responses, but its role in dental pulp inflammation is poorly understood. In this study, we assessed the expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and found that DNMT3B mRNA expression was reduced and DNMT1 mRNA and protein levels decreased significantly. Pretreatment with the DNMT inhibitor 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) significantly enhanced the expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 in LPS-stimulated hDPCs, indicating that DNA methylation may play a role in hDPC inflammation. Studies have reported that some microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in dental pulp infection. DNA methylation can modulate the inflammatory response by regulating miRNA expression, but this phenomenon has not yet been reported in pulp inflammation. The present study used next-generation sequencing to examine the effect of 5-Aza-CdR on the miRNA expression profile of LPS-treated hDPCs, and the results showed that 5-Aza-CdR pretreatment changed the miRNA expression pattern in hDPCs during inflammation. Among the changed miRNAs, miR-146a-5p, which is a pulp inflammation-related miRNA, demonstrated the most noticeably altered expression. miR-146a-5p could be induced by LPS in hDPCs, and 5-Aza-CdR preincubation or DNMT1 knockdown markedly increased its expression level. However, no significant difference was found in the methylation pattern of the MIR146A promoter with 5-Aza-CdR pretreatment or DNMT1 knockdown in LPS-stimulated hDPCs. These results indicate that DNA methylation may regulate the LPS-induced inflammatory response by changing the miRNA expression in hDPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehuan Mo
- Guanghua School of Stomatology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qimeng Li
- Guanghua School of Stomatology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Luhui Cai
- Guanghua School of Stomatology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Minkang Zhan
- Guanghua School of Stomatology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiong Xu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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117
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Liu X, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Sun B, Liang H. Teneligliptin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced cytotoxicity and inflammation in dental pulp cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 73:57-63. [PMID: 31078926 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common health threatening disorders. Patients with chronic diabetes are at high risk of contracting oral diseases, including dental pulp damage. In this study, we reviewed how Teneligliptin, a commonly used anti-diabetic agent, protected dental pulp cells from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytotoxicity and improved their viability. The dental pulp cells treated with Teneligliptin were resistant to LPS-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and its byproduct 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) generation. The Teneligliptin recovered LPS-induced a reduction of cellular glutathione and produced cytokine including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Mechanistically, we found that Teneligliptin suppressed LPS- that caused an expression of the cell surface receptor toll like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and the activation of JNK kinase and activator protein 1 (AP1) as well as the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signal pathways. Collectively, our study demonstrates that the molecular mechanism Teneligliptin is a protective anti-diabetic agent in dental pulp cells and it has the potential to treat diabetes-associated dental pulp diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Baozhen Sun
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China.
| | - Haiying Liang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China.
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118
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Bjørndal L, Simon S, Tomson PL, Duncan HF. Management of deep caries and the exposed pulp. Int Endod J 2019; 52:949-973. [PMID: 30985944 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Caries prevalence remains high throughout the world, with the burden of disease increasingly affecting older and socially disadvantaged groups in Western cultures. If left untreated, caries will advance through dentine stimulating pulpitis and eventually pulp infection and necrosis; however, if conservatively managed, pulpal recovery occurs even in deep carious lesions. Traditionally, deep caries management was destructive with nonselective (complete) removal of all carious dentine; however, the promotion of minimally invasive biologically based treatment strategies has been advocated for selective (partial) caries removal and a reduced risk of pulp exposure. Selective caries removal strategies can be one-visit as indirect pulp treatment or two-visit using a stepwise approach. Management strategies for the treatment of the cariously exposed pulp are also shifting with avoidance of pulpectomy and the re-emergence of vital pulp treatment (VPT) techniques such as partial and complete pulpotomy. These changes stem from an improved understanding of the pulp-dentine complex's defensive and reparative response to irritation, with harnessing the release of bioactive dentine matrix components and careful handling of the damaged tissue considered critical. Notably, the development of new pulp capping materials such as mineral trioxide aggregate, which although not an ideal material, has resulted in more predictable treatments from both a histological and a clinical perspective. Unfortunately, the changes in management are only supported by relatively weak evidence with case series, cohort studies and preliminary studies containing low patient numbers forming the bulk of the evidence. As a result, critical questions related to the superiority of one caries removal technique over another, the best pulp capping biomaterial or whether pulp exposure is a negative prognostic factor remain unanswered. There is an urgent need to promote minimally invasive treatment strategies in Operative Dentistry and Endodontology; however, the development of accurate diagnostic tools, evidence-based management strategies and education in management of the exposed pulp are critical in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bjørndal
- Cariology and Endodontics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Simon
- Paris Diderot University, Paris, France.,Hôpital de Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France.,Laboratoire IN SERM UMR 1138, Paris, France
| | - P L Tomson
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - H F Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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119
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Siddiqui YD, Omori K, Ito T, Yamashiro K, Nakamura S, Okamoto K, Ono M, Yamamoto T, Van Dyke TE, Takashiba S. Resolvin D2 Induces Resolution of Periapical Inflammation and Promotes Healing of Periapical Lesions in Rat Periapical Periodontitis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:307. [PMID: 30863409 PMCID: PMC6399419 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Periapical periodontitis results from pulpal infection leading to pulpal necrosis and resorption of periapical bone. The current treatment is root canal therapy, which attempts to eliminate infection and necrotic tissue. But, in some cases periapical inflammation doesn't resolve even after treatment. Resolvins belongs to a large family of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators that actively resolves inflammation signaling via specific receptors. Resolvin D2 (RvD2), a metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), was tested as an intracanal medicament in rats in vivo. Mechanism was evaluated in rat primary dental pulp cells (DPCs) in vitro. The results demonstrate that RvD2 reduces inflammatory cell infiltrate, periapical lesion size, and fosters pulp like tissue regeneration and healing of periapical lesion. RvD2 enhanced expression of its receptor, GPR18, dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 (DMP1) and mineralization in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, RvD2 induces phosphorylation of Stat3 transcription factor in dental pulp cells. We conclude that intracanal treatment with RvD2 resolves inflammation and promoting calcification around root apex and healing of periapical bone lesions. The data suggest that RvD2 induces active resolution of inflammation with pulp-like tissue regeneration after root canal infection and thus maybe suitable for treating periapical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Dilshad Siddiqui
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Omori
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Ito
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yamashiro
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shin Nakamura
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Okamoto
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Ono
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamamoto
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Thomas E Van Dyke
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Shogo Takashiba
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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120
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Feng X, Wang C, Gu Z, Ni J, Huang D, Feng G, Lian M, Lu Q, Song Y. Rosuvastatin Regulates Odontoblast Differentiation by Suppressing NF-κB Activation in an Inflammatory Environment. Cell Reprogram 2019; 21:18-25. [PMID: 30735076 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2018.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xingmei Feng
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenfei Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhifeng Gu
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Ni
- Department of Urology and Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guijuan Feng
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Lian
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yihua Song
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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121
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Wang BL, Wang Z, Nan X, Zhang QC, Liu W. Downregulation of microRNA-143-5p is required for the promotion of odontoblasts differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells through the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases 14-dependent p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:4840-4850. [PMID: 30362514 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in various biological processes including cell differentiation. Some researchers suggested that the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway had an effect on regulating the odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). This study focuses on the effects of miR-143-5p on hDPSCs by regulating the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. The targeting relationship of MAPK14 and miR-143-5p targets were verified by TargetScan and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Through overexpression of miR-143-5p or silencing of miR-143-5p, expressions of miR-143-5p, MAPK14, Ras, MAPK kinase (MKK) 3/6, dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin (OCN) were detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Protein expressions of MAPK14, Ras, and MKK3/6 were determined by western blot analysis. ALP and alizarin red S staining were used to detect mineralization. Initially, MAPK14 was found to be negatively regulated by miR-143-5p. Meanwhile, the upregulated miR-143-5p decreased the p38 MAPK signaling pathway related genes (MAPK14, Ras, and MKK3/6) and odontoblastic differentiation markers (ALP, DSPP, and OCN) expression. On the contrary, the downregulated miR-143-5p increased the p38 MAPK signaling pathway related genes (MAPK14, Ras, and MKK3/6) and odontoblastic differentiation markers (ALP, DSPP, and OCN) expression. Furthermore, ALP activity and mineralized nodules increased after downregulation of miR-143-5p, and after its upregulation, ALP activity and mineralized nodules decreased. Our data suggest that poor expression of miR-143-5p promotes hDPSCs odontoblastic differentiation through the activation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway by upregulating MAPK14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Liang Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Xi Nan
- Department of Stomatology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Qing-Cai Zhang
- Operation Room, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
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122
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Careddu R, Duncan HF. How does the pulpal response to Biodentine and ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate compare in the laboratory and clinic? Br Dent J 2018; 225:sj.bdj.2018.864. [PMID: 30337724 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2018.864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Careddu
- Division of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Lincoln Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - H F Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Lincoln Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
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123
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LIMA GDS, MOREIRA AG, MEEREIS CTW, LIMA GB, LEAL FB, MORAES RRD, OGLIARI FA, PETZHOLD CL, PIVA E. Long-term bonding efficacy of adhesives containing benzodioxioles as alternative co-initiators. Braz Oral Res 2018; 32:e104. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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124
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Moreira AG, Cuevas-Suárez CE, da Rosa WLDO, Ogliari AO, Petzhold CL, Piva E, Ogliari FA, Lima GDS. Piperonyl methacrylate: Copolymerizable coinitiator for adhesive compositions. J Dent 2018; 79:31-38. [PMID: 30248382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study describes the synthesis of piperonyl methacrylate (PipM) and evaluates its effect when used as coinitiator in the photoinitiated radical polymerization of experimental adhesive resins. METHODS PipM was synthetized through an esterification reaction and characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Adhesive resins containing camphorquinone as photoinitiator and PipM or ethyl-4-dimethyl amine benzoate (EDAB) as coinitiators were formulated. Scotchbond Multipurpose (SBMP) adhesive was used as commercial reference. All materials were analyzed for polymerization kinetics, flexural strength, elastic modulus, water sorption/solubility, shear bond strength to bovine enamel and dentin, characterization of hybrid layer by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microbiological direct contact test, and cytotoxicity. RESULTS The adhesive with PipM presented higher degree of conversion and lower sorption/solubility when compared with other groups. Shear bond strength to enamel and dentin were similar for PipM and EDAB materials. The percentage of cellular viability was close to 100% and similar in the experimental groups and the commercial reference. CONCLUSIONS PipM presented similar or superior performance to the tertiary amine used as control, representing a potential alternative coinitiator for photopolymerizable dental materials. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE PipM could be potentially useful in the formulations of adhesive systems with enhanced chemical properties, which could mean improvement in the longevity of composite resin restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Enrique Cuevas-Suárez
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Dental Materials Laboratory, Academic Area of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, HGO, Mexico
| | | | - Aline Oliveira Ogliari
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Cesar Liberato Petzhold
- Organic Chemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Evandro Piva
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Aulo Ogliari
- Center for Technological Development, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Giana da Silveira Lima
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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Yuan H, Zhang H, Hong L, Zhao H, Wang J, Li H, Che H, Zhang Z. MicroRNA let-7c-5p Suppressed Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Dental Pulp Inflammation by Inhibiting Dentin Matrix Protein-1-Mediated Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:6656-6665. [PMID: 30238933 PMCID: PMC6162970 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Let-7c-5p is down-regulated in dental pulp tissues in inflammatory disorders. The microRNA (miR) molecule shows an anti-inflammation potential due to its direct regulation of dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP1), which promotes inflammation changes in dental pulp tissues. In the present study, the effect of let-7c-5p on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulpitis was detected and the associated mechanism was explored. Material/Methods Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were isolated from rat dental tissues, infected with let-7c-5p lentivirus particles, and subjected to LPS administration to induce inflammation. Then, the effect of let-7c-5p overexpression on LPS-induced impairments on DPSCs were detected and the mechanism was explained by focusing on the DMP1 expression and NF-κB pathway. The role of DMP1 in the anti-inflammation effect of let-7c-5p was assessed by incubating let-7c-5p-expressed DPSCs with DMP1 protein. The results of in vitro assays were verified in LPS-induced rat pulpitis models. Results LPS administration increased the production of IL-1β and TNF-α and decreased DPSCs viability by increasing the expression of DMP1 and activating NF-κB pathway. However, the induced expression of let-7c-5p relieved DPSCs from LPS-induced inflammation and suppressed DMP1 as well as NF-κB pathway. The incubation of let-7c-5p-expressed DPSCs with DMP1 protein blocked the effect of let-7c-5p. In in vivo experiments, the injection of let-7c-5p attenuated LPS-induced pulpitis by inhibiting DMP1-mediated NF-κB pathway. Conclusions Findings outlined in the current study demonstrated the dental pulp protecting function of let-7c-5p during LPS-induced inflammation, which was exerted by inhibiting the DMP1-mediated NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yuan
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Lihua Hong
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Jiafeng Wang
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - He Li
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Hongze Che
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
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Abstract
Purpose of Review To summarize current views on the role and therapeutic potential of growth factors (GFs) within endodontic cell homing. Recent Findings Cell homing/revitalization techniques aim to regenerate dentin and pulp using endogenous cells. Clinically, revitalization has successfully created new vital tissue in necrotic permanent teeth with an open apex; however, there is no evidence of new odontoblasts, pulp tissue, or predictable extension in root length. Although the response is reparative rather than regenerative, exciting opportunities to improve these biologically-based strategies remain by (1) efficiently sequestering dentin-matrix-components (DMCs) using irrigants and dental materials (2) designing next-generation GF-releasing scaffold materials and (3) utilizing other sources of GF such as cells and plasma-rich plasma and plasma-rich fibrin. Summary GFs can promote reparative-dentinogenesis and pulp-like tissue formation. The future development and clinical approval of GF-functionalized-scaffolds is a priority; however, current focus should be to harness DMCs and target the interaction of stem cells and GFs.
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127
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Couve E, Schmachtenberg O. Schwann Cell Responses and Plasticity in Different Dental Pulp Scenarios. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:299. [PMID: 30233330 PMCID: PMC6133954 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian teeth have evolved as dentin units that enclose a complex system of sensory innervation to protect and preserve their structure and function. In human dental pulp (DP), mechanosensory and nociceptive fibers form a dense meshwork of nerve endings at the coronal dentin-pulp interface, which arise from myelinated and non-myelinated axons of the Raschkow plexus (RP). Schwann cells (SCs) play a crucial role in the support, maintenance and regeneration after injury of these fibers. We have recently characterized two SC phenotypes hierarchically organized within the coronal and radicular DP in human teeth. Myelinating and non-myelinating SCs (nmSCs) display a high degree of plasticity associated with nociceptive C-fiber sprouting and axonal degeneration in response to DP injuries from dentin caries or physiological root resorption (PRR). By comparative immunolabeling, confocal and electron microscopy, we have characterized short-term adaptive responses of SC phenotypes to nerve injuries, and long-term changes related to aging. An increase of SCs characterizes the early responses to caries progression in association with axonal sprouting in affected DP domains. Moreover, during PRR, the formation of bands of Büngner is observed as part of SC repair tracks functions. On the other hand, myelinated axon density is significantly reduced with tooth age, as part of a gradual decrease in DP defense and repair capacities. The remarkable plasticity and capacity of SCs to preserve DP innervation in different dental scenarios constitutes a fundamental aspect to improve clinical treatments. This review article discusses the central role of myelinating and non-mSCs in long-term tooth preservation and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Couve
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Oliver Schmachtenberg
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso (CINV), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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128
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Kearney M, Cooper PR, Smith AJ, Duncan HF. Epigenetic Approaches to the Treatment of Dental Pulp Inflammation and Repair: Opportunities and Obstacles. Front Genet 2018; 9:311. [PMID: 30131827 PMCID: PMC6090030 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerns over the cost and destructive nature of dental treatment have led to the call for novel minimally invasive, biologically based restorative solutions. For patients with toothache, this has resulted in a shift from invasive root-canal-treatment (RCT) toward more conservative vital-pulp-treatment (VPT) procedures, aimed to protect the pulp and harness its natural regenerative capacity. If the dental pulp is exposed, as long as the infection and inflammation can be controlled, conservative therapies can promote the formation of new tertiary dentine in a stem cell-led reparative process. Crucially, the volume and quality of new dentine is dependent on the material applied; however, currently available dental-materials are limited by non-specific action, cytotoxicity and poor clinical handling. Looking to the future, an improved understanding of the cellular regulators of pulpal inflammation and associated repair mechanisms is critical to predict pulpal responses and devise novel treatment strategies. Epigenetic modifications of DNA-associated proteins and the influences of non-coding RNAs have been demonstrated to control the self-renewal of stem cell populations as well as regulate mineralised tissue development and repair. Notably, the stability of microRNAs and their relative ease of sampling from pulpal blood highlight their potential for application as diagnostic inflammatory biomarkers, while increased understanding of their actions will not only enhance our knowledge of pulpal disease and repair, but also identify novel molecular targets. The potential therapeutic application of epigenetic modifying agents, DNA-methyltransferase-inhibitors (DNMTi) and histone-deacetylase-inhibitors (HDACi), have been shown to promote mineralisation and repair processes in dental-pulp-cell (DPC) populations as well as induce the release of bioactive dentine-matrix-components. Consequently, HDACis and DNMTis have the potential to enhance tertiary dentinogenesis by influencing the cellular and tissue processes at low concentrations with minimal side effects, providing an opportunity to develop a topically placed, inexpensive bio-inductive restorative material. The aim of this review is to highlight the potential role of epigenetic approaches in the treatment of the damaged dental pulp, considering the opportunities and obstacles, such as off-target effects, delivery mechanisms, for the therapeutic use of miRNA as an inflammatory biomarker or molecular target, before discussing the application of HDACi and DNMTi to the damaged pulp to stimulate repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Kearney
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul R. Cooper
- Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J. Smith
- Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Henry F. Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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129
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Cooper PR, Chicca IJ, Holder MJ, Milward MR. Inflammation and Regeneration in the Dentin-pulp Complex: Net Gain or Net Loss? J Endod 2018; 43:S87-S94. [PMID: 28844308 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The balance between the immune/inflammatory and regenerative responses in the diseased pulp is central to the clinical outcome, and this response is unique within the body because of its tissue site. Cariogenic bacteria invade the dentin and pulp tissues, triggering molecular and cellular events dependent on the disease stage. At the early onset, odontoblasts respond to bacterial components in an attempt to protect the tooth's hard and soft tissues and limit disease progression. However, as disease advances, the odontoblasts die, and cells central to the pulp core, including resident immune cells, pulpal fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and stem cells, respond to the bacterial challenge via their expression of a range of pattern recognition receptors that identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Subsequently, recruitment and activation occurs of a range of immune cell types, including neutrophils, macrophages, and T and B cells, which are attracted to the diseased site by cytokine/chemokine chemotactic gradients initially generated by resident pulpal cells. Although these cells aim to disinfect the tooth, their extravasation, migration, and antibacterial activity (eg, release of reactive oxygen species [ROS]) along with the bacterial toxins cause pulp damage and impede tissue regeneration processes. Recently, a novel bacterial killing mechanism termed neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) has also been described that uses ROS signaling and results in cellular DNA extrusion. The NETs are decorated with antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), and their interaction with bacteria results in microbial entrapment and death. Recent data show that NETs can be stimulated by bacteria associated with endodontic infections, and they may be present in inflamed pulp tissue. Interestingly, some bacteria associated with pulpal infections express deoxyribonuclease enzymes, which may enable their evasion of NETs. Furthermore, although NETs aim to localize and kill invading bacteria using AMPs and histones, limiting the spread of the infection, data also indicate that NETs can exacerbate inflammation and their components are cytotoxic. This review considers the potential role of NETs within pulpal infections and how these structures may influence the pulp's vitality and regenerative responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Cooper
- Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Ilaria J Chicca
- Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michael J Holder
- Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michael R Milward
- Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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130
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Stavroullakis AT, Carrilho MR, Levesque CM, Prakki A. Profiling cytokine levels in chlorhexidine and EGCG-treated odontoblast-like cells. Dent Mater 2018; 34:e107-e114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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131
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El Amri M, Fitzgerald U, Schlosser G. MARCKS and MARCKS-like proteins in development and regeneration. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:43. [PMID: 29788979 PMCID: PMC5964646 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0445-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Myristoylated Alanine-Rich C-kinase Substrate (MARCKS) and MARCKS-like protein 1 (MARCKSL1) have a wide range of functions, ranging from roles in embryonic development to adult brain plasticity and the inflammatory response. Recently, both proteins have also been identified as important players in regeneration. Upon phosphorylation by protein kinase C (PKC) or calcium-dependent calmodulin-binding, MARCKS and MARCKSL1 translocate from the membrane into the cytosol, modulating cytoskeletal actin dynamics and vesicular trafficking and activating various signal transduction pathways. As a consequence, the two proteins are involved in the regulation of cell migration, secretion, proliferation and differentiation in many different tissues. MAIN BODY Throughout vertebrate development, MARCKS and MARCKSL1 are widely expressed in tissues derived from all germ layers, with particularly strong expression in the nervous system. They have been implicated in the regulation of gastrulation, myogenesis, brain development, and other developmental processes. Mice carrying loss of function mutations in either Marcks or Marcksl1 genes die shortly after birth due to multiple deficiencies including detrimental neural tube closure defects. In adult vertebrates, MARCKS and MARCKL1 continue to be important for multiple regenerative processes including peripheral nerve, appendage, and tail regeneration, making them promising targets for regenerative medicine. CONCLUSION This review briefly summarizes the molecular interactions and cellular functions of MARCKS and MARCKSL1 proteins and outlines their vital roles in development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El Amri
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland, Galway, Biomedical Sciences Building, Newcastle Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Una Fitzgerald
- Galway Neuroscience Centre, School of Natural Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland, Newcastle Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Gerhard Schlosser
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland, Galway, Biomedical Sciences Building, Newcastle Road, Galway, Ireland. .,School of Natural Sciences and Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland, Galway, Biomedical Sciences Building, Newcastle Road, Galway, Ireland.
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132
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Wang M, Yu Y, Dai K, Ma Z, Liu Y, Wang J, Liu C. Improved osteogenesis and angiogenesis of magnesium-doped calcium phosphate cement via macrophage immunomodulation. Biomater Sci 2018; 4:1574-1583. [PMID: 27709132 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00290k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Immune responses are vital for bone regeneration and play an essential role in the fate of biomaterials after implantation. As a kind of plastic cell, macrophages are central regulators of the immune response during the infection and wound healing process including osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Magnesium-calcium phosphate cement (MCPC) has been reported as a promising candidate for bone repair with promoted osteogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. However, relatively little is known about the effects of MCPC on immune response and the following outcome. In this study, we investigated the interactions between macrophages and MCPC. Here we found that the pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α and IL-6 were less expressed and the bone repair related cytokine of TGF-β1 was up-regulated by macrophages in MCPC extract. Furthermore, the enhanced osteogenic capacity of BMSCs and angiogenic potential of HUVECs were acquired in vitro by the MCPC-induced immune microenvironment. These findings suggest that MCPC is able to facilitate bone healing by endowing favorable osteoimmunomodulatory properties and influencing crosstalk behavior between immune cells and osteogenesis-related cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China. and Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanman Yu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China. and Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Dai
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China. and Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyu Ma
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China. and Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China. and Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China. and Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China. and Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China and The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
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133
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Yumoto H, Hirao K, Hosokawa Y, Kuramoto H, Takegawa D, Nakanishi T, Matsuo T. The roles of odontoblasts in dental pulp innate immunity. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2018; 54:105-117. [PMID: 30128058 PMCID: PMC6094490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Odontoblasts located in the outermost layer of dental pulp form a natural barrier between mineralized tissues, dentin, and soft tissues, dental pulp, of the vital tooth, and they first recognize caries-related pathogens and sense external irritations. Therefore, odontoblasts possess a specialized innate immune system to fight oral pathogens invading into dentin. Generally, the rapid initial sensing of microbial pathogens, especially pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) shared by microorganisms, are mediated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptor and the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD). The innate immune responses in odontoblasts initiated by sensing oral pathogens provide host protective events, such as inflammatory reactions, to produce a variety of pro-inflammatory mediators, including chemokines and cytokines. These attract various inflammatory cells and cause antibacterial reactions, such as the production of defensins, to kill microorganisms in the proximal region of the odontoblast layer. This review focuses on innate immunity, especially cellular and molecular mechanisms regarding the sensing of PAMPs from oral pathogens by PRRs, in odontoblasts and provides information for future studies for the development of novel therapeutic strategies, including diagnosis and treatment, to prevent exceeding dental pulp inflammation and preserve the dental pulp tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Yumoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Kouji Hirao
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Yuki Hosokawa
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kuramoto
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takegawa
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Tadashi Nakanishi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
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134
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Zhao Y, Yuan X, Liu B, Tulu US, Helms JA. Wnt-Responsive Odontoblasts Secrete New Dentin after Superficial Tooth Injury. J Dent Res 2018; 97:1047-1054. [PMID: 29566345 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518763151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of our experiments was to identify new therapeutic strategies to stimulate dentin formation in an adult tooth. To address this objective, we evaluated dentin production in 2 acute trauma models: one involving a pulp exposure and the other involving a superficial dentin injury. Molecular, cellular, and histologic analyses revealed that in response to a severe injury, where the pulp is exposed to the oral cavity, cell death is rampant and the repair response initiates from surviving pulp cells and, to a lesser extent, surviving odontoblasts. When an injury is superficial, as in the case of a dentin injury model, then disturbances are largely confined to pulp tissue immediately underneath the damaged dentin tubules. We found that the pulp remained vital and innervated; primary odontoblasts upregulated HIF1α; and the rate of mineralization was significantly increased. A tamoxifen-inducible Axin2CreERT2/+; R26R mTmG/+ reporter strain was then used to demonstrate that a population of long-lived Wnt-responsive odontoblasts, which secreted dentin throughout the life of the animal, were responsible for depositing new dentin in response to a superficial injury. Amplifying Wnt signaling in the pulp stimulates dentin secretion, and in the dentin injury model, we show that a liposomal formulation of human WNT3A protein passes through dentinal tubules and is capable of upregulating Wnt signaling in the pulp. These data provide strong proof of concept for a therapeutic pulp-capping material to stimulate Wnt signaling in odontoblasts and thus improve the pulp repair response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhao
- 1 Department of Oral Basic Science, School of Dentistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,2 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - X Yuan
- 2 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - B Liu
- 3 Ankasa Regenerative Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - U S Tulu
- 2 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J A Helms
- 2 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,3 Ankasa Regenerative Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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135
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da Rosa WLO, Piva E, da Silva AF. Disclosing the physiology of pulp tissue for vital pulp therapy. Int Endod J 2018; 51:829-846. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. L. O. da Rosa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Federal University of Pelotas; Pelotas Brazil
| | - E. Piva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Federal University of Pelotas; Pelotas Brazil
| | - A. F. da Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Federal University of Pelotas; Pelotas Brazil
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136
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Benetti F, Gomes-Filho JE, Ferreira LL, Sivieri-Araújo G, Ervolino E, Briso ALF, Cintra LTA. Concentration-dependent effect of bleaching agents on the immunolabelling of interleukin-6, interleukin-17 and CD5-positive cells in the dental pulp. Int Endod J 2018; 51:789-799. [PMID: 29352770 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate lymphocyte-like cell activation (CD5-positive cells) and the expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-17 in the pulp after tooth bleaching with two concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). METHODOLOGY The right and left maxillary molars from 40 rats were treated randomly with bleaching gel with 20% H2 O2 (BLUE group, 1 application of 50 min), 35% H2 O2 (MAXX group, three applications of 15 min), or placebo gel (control). After 2 and 30 days, the rats were killed (n = 10), and the jaws were processed for histological and immunohistochemistry analysis of the pulp tissue. The scores of inflammation and immunolabelling (IL-6/IL-17) were submitted to Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis followed Dunn tests, respectively; anova tests were used for comparisons of number of CD5-positive cells and pulp chamber area values (P < 0.05). RESULTS At 2 days, 60% of specimens of the BLUE group were associated with moderate inflammation in pulp horns, and in the MAXX group with necrosis (P < 0.05). At 30 days, the pulp was organized, and tertiary dentine was formed. The MAXX group had superior immunolabelling of IL-17 at 2 days differing significantly from other groups (P < 0.05). At 2 days, 90% of the specimens of the BLUE group had moderate immunolabelling of IL-6, and 50% of the MAXX group had severe immunolabelling, both significantly different from the control (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups at 30 days (P > 0.05). CD5-positive cells were present at 2 and 30 days, particularly in the bleached groups (P < 0.05), without significant difference between time periods (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS IL-6 and IL-17 participated in inflammation in the pulp tissue of rats after tooth bleaching, particularly at 2 days. The immunolabelling was greater with increasing H2 O2 concentration. This process was accompanied by the prolonged activation of CD5-positive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Benetti
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - J E Gomes-Filho
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - L L Ferreira
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - G Sivieri-Araújo
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - E Ervolino
- Department of Basic Science, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - A L F Briso
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - L T A Cintra
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
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137
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Widbiller M, Eidt A, Wölflick M, Lindner SR, Schweikl H, Hiller KA, Buchalla W, Galler KM. Interactive effects of LPS and dentine matrix proteins on human dental pulp stem cells. Int Endod J 2018; 51:877-888. [PMID: 29377169 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the combinatorial effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and extracted dentine matrix proteins (eDMP) on regenerative and inflammatory responses in human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). METHODOLOGY Culture media were supplemented with several concentrations of LPS, eDMP and combinations of both. Cell viability was assessed over 1 week by MTT assay; cell survival was evaluated after 24 h and 7 days by flow cytometry. The expression of mineralization-associated marker genes was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). To analyse the inflammatory response, secretion of interleukin 6 (IL-6) was quantified in the initial and the late phase of cell culture by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were treated nonparametrically and Mann-Whitney U-tests were performed to compare all experimental groups (α = 0.05). RESULTS Whereas LPS had no impact on viability, eDMP led to a concentration-dependent decrease, which was significant after 7 days (P ≤ 0.024). A moderate decline of cell survival induced by LPS was detected after 48 h (P ≤ 0.026), whereas eDMP was able to reverse this effect. eDMP alone caused increased expression of tested marker genes, LPS had no regulatory effect. Combined eDMP and LPS induced an upregulation of collagen type I and osteocalcin, whereas expression levels of dentine matrix acidic phosphoprotein and dentine sialophosphoprotein were similar to the control. IL-6-secretion was increased by LPS over time. eDMP markedly elevated initial production of IL-6 (P ≤ 0.002), but suppressed LPS-induced cytokine production in the later phase. CONCLUSIONS Lipopolysaccharide did not affect cell viability but interfered with odontoblast-like cell differentiation of DPSCs. Proteins from the dentine matrix may have a protective effect, attenuate the detrimental impact of LPS and thus play an important role during pulp repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Widbiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - A Eidt
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Wölflick
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S R Lindner
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - H Schweikl
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - K-A Hiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - W Buchalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - K M Galler
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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138
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Paula AB, Laranjo M, Marto CM, Paulo S, Abrantes AM, Casalta-Lopes J, Marques-Ferreira M, Botelho MF, Carrilho E. Direct Pulp Capping: What is the Most Effective Therapy?-Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2018; 18:298-314. [PMID: 30514444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Direct pulp capping therapies use biomaterials to protect exposed tissues, inducing repair through the production of a mineralized barrier. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of biomaterials and techniques by means of a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS The PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases were used to search the literature published from January 1, 1980 until August 31, 2017. Studies that met inclusion criteria were screened by 2 authors individually. The meta-analysis was performed on mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) cement vs calcium hydroxide cement, tricalcium silicate cement vs MTA cement, and adhesive systems vs CaOH cement and evaluated the success rate, inflammatory response, and dentin bridge formation. RESULTS Forty-six studies were included in the systematic review, while 22 studies were included in the meta-analysis. There was no significant heterogeneity between the studies. MTA cements showed a significantly higher success rate, in all parameters, compared with calcium hydroxide cements (odds ratio = 2.72; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.90-3.90; P = 0.000). However, when compared with the tricalcium silicate cements, there were no statistically significant differences (odds ratio = 1.18; 95% CI = 0.53-2.65; P = 0.672). Adhesive systems showed a significantly lower success rate, in all parameters, compared with calcium hydroxide cements (odds ratio = 0.062; 95% CI = 0.024-0.157; P = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS MTA cements have a higher success rate, with a lower inflammatory response and a more predictable hard dentin barrier formation than calcium hydroxide cements. However, there were no differences, in these parameters, when MTA cement was compared with tricalcium silicate cements. Dental adhesives systems showed the lowest success rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela B Paula
- Dentistry Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos-Miguel Marto
- Dentistry Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Experimental Pathology Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Siri Paulo
- Dentistry Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana M Abrantes
- Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Casalta-Lopes
- Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Radiation Oncology Department, Coimbra University Hospital Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuel Marques-Ferreira
- Dentistry Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Dentistry Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eunice Carrilho
- Dentistry Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Horibe K, Hosoya A, Hiraga T, Nakamura H. Expression and localization of CRAMP in rat tooth germ and during reparative dentin formation. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 22:2559-2566. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2353-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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140
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Zuo J, Zhen J, Wang F, Li Y, Zhou Z. Effect of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on the Expression of Calcium Ion Transport-Related Proteins during Tertiary Dentin Formation. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2018; 44:223-233. [PMID: 29079395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is known for its positive effect on bone healing and reparative regeneration. This study investigated whether LIPUS affects reparative progression of the tooth and the expression of calcium ion transport-related proteins in odontoblasts and dental pulp cells using a rat dentin-pulp complex injury model. Forty male adult Sprague-Dawley rats underwent cavity preparation in the right maxillary first molar: 20 received LIPUS irradiation on the cavity-prepared tooth; 20 received LIPUS irradiation on the left maxillary first molar. Rats were randomly allocated into four groups: blank control group, LIPUS group, cavity-prepared group, cavity-prepared + LIPUS group. LIPUS irradiation (frequency: 1.5 MHz, 200-µs pulse width, 1-kHz pulse repetition frequency, 30 mW/cm2 spatial averaged temporal averaged intensity) was administered individually for 20 min daily. Rats were sacrificed 1, 3, 7 and 14 d post-operation. The histopathological and cellular morphologic changes in the dentin-pulp complex were detected with hematoxylin and eosin staining. Expression of calcium ion transport-related proteins (Cav1.2, NCX1 and TRPV1) was determined with immunohistochemical staining and imaging analysis. Histopathological analysis revealed obvious reparative dentin formation at day 14 in the cavity-prepared + LIPUS group compared with the other groups. Expression levels of Cav1.2, NCX1 and TRPV1 increased significantly by 22%, 53% and 23%, respectively, at day 1 and increased significantly by 23%, 27% and 22%, respectively, at day 3 in the cavity-prepared + LIPUS group (p <0.05) compared with the cavity-prepared group. LIPUS has a positive effect on the expression of calcium transport-related proteins during early-stage dentin injury and facilitates tertiary dentin formation; the mechanism for this likely relates to the inflammatory reaction and a mechanical effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zuo
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Science, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaxiu Zhen
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Science, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Science, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yueheng Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Science, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Science, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China.
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141
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Šubarić L, Mitić A, Jovanović R, Matvijenko V, Živković M, Živković D, Perić D, Šubarić J. Direct and indirect pulp capping using glass-ionomer cement. PRAXIS MEDICA 2018. [DOI: 10.5937/pramed1802015s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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142
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143
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Effects of melatonin on the proliferation and differentiation of human dental pulp cells. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 83:33-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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144
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Ferreira LL, Gomes-Filho JE, Benetti F, Carminatti M, Ervolino E, Briso ALF, Cintra LTA. The effect of dental bleaching on pulpal tissue response in a diabetic animal model: a study of immunoregulatory cytokines. Int Endod J 2017; 51:347-356. [PMID: 28857196 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the influence of tooth bleaching on immunoregulatory cytokines production (IL-6, Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-17) in the pulp tissue of normoglycaemic and diabetic rats. METHODOLOGY Twenty-eight rats were divided into normoglycaemic and diabetic rats (n = 14). Diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced with a single dose of alloxan diluted in citrate buffer via intramuscular injection. After DM confirmation, all rats were sedated and tooth bleaching was performed using 35% hydrogen peroxide on the right maxillary molars for 30 min. Left molars were used as controls. Bleaching resulted in four hemimaxillae groups: normoglycaemic (N), N-bleached (NBle), diabetic (D) and D-bleached (DBle). After 2 and 30 days, rats were euthanized and hemimaxillae processed for analysis by haematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry. Results within and between animals were submitted to Wilcoxon signed-rank and Mann-Whitney tests (P < 0.05). RESULTS At 2 days, the NBle group had mild, and the DBle had severe inflammatory infiltration in the pulpal tissue (P < 0.05). TNF-α and IL-6 cytokines were associated with increased immunolabelling in the bleached groups compared to nonbleached (P < 0.05). However, IL-17 had increased immunolabelling in the NBle compared to the N and DBle group (P < 0.05). At 30 days, reactionary dentine was observed in the coronal pulp of all bleached teeth and no inflammation was present (P > 0.05). TNF-α cytokines had increased immunolabelling in the DBle group compared to the D group (P < 0.05). However, for IL-6 and IL-17, no difference was observed in this period (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Tooth bleaching increased IL-6 and TNF-α in the pulp tissue regardless of diabetes mellitus; however, diabetic rats had higher TNF-α levels for longer periods. Tooth bleaching influenced the increase in IL-17 in the early periods in normoglycaemic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Ferreira
- Departments of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - J E Gomes-Filho
- Departments of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - F Benetti
- Departments of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - M Carminatti
- Departments of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - E Ervolino
- Department of Basic Science, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - A L F Briso
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - L T A Cintra
- Departments of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
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145
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Hydrogen peroxide induces cell proliferation and apoptosis in pulp of rats after dental bleaching in vivo. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 81:103-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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146
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Yan L, Sun S, Qu L. Insulin-like growth factor-1 promotes the proliferation and odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells under high glucose conditions. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1253-1260. [PMID: 28902344 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) promotes human dental pulp stem cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. However, the effects of IGF-1 on the proliferation, apoptosis and odontoblastic differentiation (mineralization) of dental pulp cells (DPCs) under high glucose (GLU) conditions remain unclear. In this study, isolated primary human DPCs were treated with various concentrations of high GLU. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 and Annexin V-FITC/PI assays, respectively. The cells were cultured in odontoblastic induction medium containing various concentrations of high GLU. Odontoblastic differentiation was determined by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay. Mineralization formation was evaluated by von Kossa staining. The expression levels of IGF family members were measured by western blot analysis and RT-qPCR during proliferation and differentiation. The cells were then exposed to 25 mM GLU and various concentrations of IGF-1. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, ALP activity, mineralization formation and the levels of mineralization-related proteins were then evaluated. Our results revealed that high GLU significantly inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis. GLU (25 and 50 mM) markedly reduced ALP activity and mineralization on days 7 and 14 after differentiation. The levels of IGF family members were markedly decreased by high GLU during proliferation and differentiation. However, IGF-1 significantly reversed the effects of high GLU on cell proliferation and apoptosis. Additionally, IGF-1 markedly restored the reduction of ALP activity and mineralization induced by high GLU. Our findings thus indicate that IGF-1 attenuates the high GLU-induced inhibition of DPC proliferation, differentiation and mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yan
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, P.R. China
| | - Shangmin Sun
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, P.R. China
| | - Liu Qu
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, P.R. China
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Wolters WJ, Duncan HF, Tomson PL, Karim IE, McKenna G, Dorri M, Stangvaltaite L, van der Sluis LWM. Minimally invasive endodontics: a new diagnostic system for assessing pulpitis and subsequent treatment needs. Int Endod J 2017; 50:825-829. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. J. Wolters
- Center of Dentistry and Oral Hygiene; University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - H. F. Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology; Dublin Dental University Hospital; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - P. L. Tomson
- College of Medical & Dental Sciences; The University of Birmingham School of Dentistry; Birmingham UK
| | - I. E. Karim
- Centre for Dentistry; School of Medicine; Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences; Queen's University Belfast; Belfast UK
| | - G. McKenna
- Centre for Public Health; Queens University Belfast; Belfast UK
| | - M. Dorri
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences; Bristol Dental School; Bristol UK
| | - L. Stangvaltaite
- Department of Clinical Dentistry; Faculty of Health Sciences; UiT The Arctic University of Norway; Tromsø Norway
| | - L. W. M. van der Sluis
- Center of Dentistry and Oral Hygiene; University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
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Comparative Evaluation of Chemotactic Factor Effect on Migration and Differentiation of Stem Cells of the Apical Papilla. J Endod 2017; 43:1288-1293. [PMID: 28578888 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cell homing strategies could potentially be used in regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) to promote the progressive coronal migration of stem cells, including stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAPs), along with formation of a new vascular network without the need for intentional apical trauma and intracanal bleeding. Although many chemotactic factors have been investigated for different mesenchymal stem cells, their effect on SCAP migration and differentiation is not fully understood. This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the effect of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), platelet-derived growth factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) on the migration and differentiation of SCAPs. METHODS A characterized SCAP cell line was fluorescently labeled with Vybrant DiO dye (Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY) and used in transwell migration assays. Cells were subjected to 1, 10, or 100 ng/mL of each factor or a combination of factors followed by detection in a fluorescent plate reader. Lastly, SCAP differentiation into a mineralizing phenotype was evaluated in the presence or absence of the tested factors by quantitative alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase activity. Data were analyzed with 1-way analysis of variance with the Tukey post hoc test. RESULTS Maximum migration was observed with G-CSF or FGF-2, which was significantly greater than the effects observed by the other tested factors. A combination of G-CSF with TGF-β1 significantly augmented both migration and differentiation into a mineralizing phenotype. CONCLUSIONS G-CSF appears to be well suited to be further investigated as a key chemotactic factor in cell homing-based regenerative endodontic procedures.
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149
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Kim SM, Lee BN, Koh JT, Chang HS, Hwang IN, Oh WM, Min KS, Hwang YC. The effect of chlormadinone acetate on odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells: in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2017; 17:89. [PMID: 28549486 PMCID: PMC5446736 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-017-0379-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chlormadinone acetate (CMA) is a derivative of progesterone and is used as an oral contraceptive. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CMA on odontogenic differentiation and mineralization of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) and related signaling pathways. Methods Cell viability was determined by the water-soluble tetrazolium (WST)-1 assay. Odontogenic differentiation of hDPCs was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction using odontogenic marker genes, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), and dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1). Mineralization of hDPCs was evaluated by ALP staining and alizarin red staining. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway was examined by Western blot analysis. Results There was no statistically significant difference in cell viability between the control and CMA-treated groups. Our analysis of odontogenic marker genes indicated that CMA enhanced the expression of those genes. CMA-treated hDPCs showed increased ALP activity and formation of mineralized nodules, compared with control-treated cells. In addition, CMA stimulation resulted in phosphorylation of ERK and resulted in inhibition of downstream molecules by the ERK inhibitor U0126. Conclusions These findings suggest that CMA improves odontogenic differentiation and mineralization of hDPCs through the ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Min Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Youngbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Bin-Na Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Youngbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Youngbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea.,Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Chonnam National University, Youngbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Hoon-Sang Chang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Youngbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - In-Nam Hwang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Youngbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Won-Mann Oh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Youngbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Kyung-San Min
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, 54896, Korea. .,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, 54907, Korea.
| | - Yun-Chan Hwang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Youngbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea. .,Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Chonnam National University, Youngbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea.
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Cell responses to cariogenic microorganisms and dental resin materials—Crosstalk at the dentin-pulp interface? Dent Mater 2017; 33:514-524. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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