101
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Takahashi K, Hashimoto S, Nakamura H, Mori A, Sato A, Majima T, Takai S. Medial meniscal posterior root/horn radial tears correlate with cartilage degeneration detected by T1ρ relaxation mapping. Eur J Radiol 2015; 84:1098-104. [PMID: 25814399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify factors on routine pulse sequence MRI associated with cartilage degeneration observed on T1ρ relaxation mapping. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 137 subjects with knee pain. T1ρ values were measured in the regions of interest on the surface layer of the cartilage on mid-coronal images of the femorotibial joint. Assessment of cartilage, subchondral bone, meniscus and ligaments was performed using routine pulse sequence MRI. Radiographic evaluation for osteoarthritis was also performed. RESULTS Multiple regression analysis revealed posterior root/horn tears to be independent factors increasing the T1ρ values of the cartilage in the medial compartment of the femorotibial joint. Even when adjusted for radiographically defined early-stage osteoarthritis, medial posterior meniscal radial tears significantly increased the T1ρ values. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that posterior root/horn radial tears in the medial meniscus are particularly important MRI findings associated with cartilage degeneration observed on T1ρ relaxation mapping. Morphological factors of the medial meniscus on MRI provide findings useful for screening early-stage osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.
| | - Sanshiro Hashimoto
- Minami-Shinjuku Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Clinic, 2-16-7 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Mori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.
| | - Akiko Sato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.
| | - Tokifumi Majima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, 537-3 Iguchi, Nasu-shiobara, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan.
| | - Shinro Takai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.
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102
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Rössler E, Mattea C, Stapf S. Feasibility of high-resolution one-dimensional relaxation imaging at low magnetic field using a single-sided NMR scanner applied to articular cartilage. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2015; 251:43-51. [PMID: 25557862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Low field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance increases the contrast of the longitudinal relaxation rate in many biological tissues; one prominent example is hyaline articular cartilage. In order to take advantage of this increased contrast and to profile the depth-dependent variations, high resolution parameter measurements are carried out which can be of critical importance in an early diagnosis of cartilage diseases such as osteoarthritis. However, the maximum achievable spatial resolution of parameter profiles is limited by factors such as sensor geometry, sample curvature, and diffusion limitation. In this work, we report on high-resolution single-sided NMR scanner measurements with a commercial device, and quantify these limitations. The highest achievable spatial resolution on the used profiler, and the lateral dimension of the sensitive volume were determined. Since articular cartilage samples are usually bent, we also focus on averaging effects inside the horizontally aligned sensitive volume and their impact on the relaxation profiles. Taking these critical parameters into consideration, depth-dependent relaxation time profiles with the maximum achievable vertical resolution of 20 μm are discussed, and are correlated with diffusion coefficient profiles in hyaline articular cartilage in order to reconstruct T(2) maps from the diffusion-weighted CPMG decays of apparent relaxation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Rössler
- Fachgebiet Technische Physik II/Polymerphysik, Institute of Physics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, PO Box 100 565, 98684 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Carlos Mattea
- Fachgebiet Technische Physik II/Polymerphysik, Institute of Physics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, PO Box 100 565, 98684 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Siegfried Stapf
- Fachgebiet Technische Physik II/Polymerphysik, Institute of Physics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, PO Box 100 565, 98684 Ilmenau, Germany.
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103
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Amirabadi A, Vidarsson L, Miller E, Sussman MS, Patil K, Gahunia H, Peel SAF, Zhong A, Weiss R, Detzler G, Cheng HLM, Moineddin R, Doria AS. USPIO-related T1 and T2 mapping MRI of cartilage in a rabbit model of blood-induced arthritis: a pilot study. Haemophilia 2014; 21:e59-69. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Amirabadi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging; The Hospital for Sick Children; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - L. Vidarsson
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging; The Hospital for Sick Children; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - E. Miller
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging; Children's Hospital for Eastern Ontario; Ottawa ON Canada
| | - M. S. Sussman
- Department of Medical Imaging; Toronto General Hospital; the University Health Network; Toronto ON Canada
| | - K. Patil
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging; The Hospital for Sick Children; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - H. Gahunia
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging; The Hospital for Sick Children; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - S. A. F. Peel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - A. Zhong
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging; The Hospital for Sick Children; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - R. Weiss
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging; The Hospital for Sick Children; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - G. Detzler
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging; The Hospital for Sick Children; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - H. L. M. Cheng
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging; The Hospital for Sick Children; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - R. Moineddin
- Department of Family and Community Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - A. S. Doria
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging; The Hospital for Sick Children; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
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104
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Nishioka H, Hirose J, Okamoto N, Okada T, Oka K, Taniwaki T, Nakamura E, Yamashita Y, Mizuta H. Evaluation of the relationship between T1ρ and T2 values and patella cartilage degeneration in patients of the same age group. Eur J Radiol 2014; 84:463-468. [PMID: 25559169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the T1ρ and T2 values and the progression of cartilage degeneration in patients of the same age group. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sagittal T1ρ and T2 mapping and three-dimensional (3D) gradient-echo images were obtained from 78 subjects with medial knee osteoarthritis (OA). The degree of patella cartilage degeneration was classified into four groups using MRI-based grading: apparently normal cartilage, mild OA, moderate OA, and severe OA group. We measured the T1ρ and T2 values (ms) in the regions of interest set on the full-thickness patella cartilage. Then, we analyzed the relationship between the T1ρ and T2 values and the degree of patella cartilage degeneration. RESULTS There were no significant differences in age among the four groups. Both the T1ρ and T2 values showed a positive correlation with the degree of OA progression (ρ=0.737 and ρ=0.632, respectively). By comparison between the apparently normal cartilage and the mild OA groups, there were significant differences in the T1ρ mapping, but not in the T2 mapping. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed that T1ρ and T2 mapping can quantitatively evaluate the degree of patella cartilage degeneration in patients within the same age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Nishioka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Jun Hirose
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Okamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Okada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Oka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takuya Taniwaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Eiichi Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Yamashita
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mizuta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
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105
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Kijowski R, Chaudhary R. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of the articular cartilage of the knee joint. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2014; 22:649-69. [PMID: 25442027 DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is characterized by a decrease in the proteoglycan content and disruption of the highly organized collagen fiber network of articular cartilage. Various quantitative magnetic resonance imaging techniques have been developed for noninvasive assessment of the proteoglycan and collagen components of cartilage. These techniques have been extensively used in clinical practice to detect early cartilage degeneration and in osteoarthritis research studies to monitor disease-related and treatment-related changes in cartilage over time. This article reviews the role of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in evaluating the composition and ultrastructure of the articular cartilage of the knee joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kijowski
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792-3252, USA.
| | - Rajeev Chaudhary
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792-3252, USA
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Siebelt M, Agricola R, Weinans H, Kim YJ. The role of imaging in early hip OA. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2014; 22:1470-80. [PMID: 25278058 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by cartilage degradation, subchondral bone sclerosis and osteophyte formation. Nowadays, OA is thought to develop via different etiologies that all lead to a similar form of end stage joint degradation. One of these subtypes is related to an abnormal shaped hip joint, like acetabular dysplasia and a cam deformity. These bony abnormalities are highly predictive for development of hip OA, but they are likely to already be present from childhood. This suggests that these deformations induce OA changes in the hip, well before extensive hip degradation becomes present three to four decades later. Accurate detection and successful characterization of these early OA events might lead to better treatment options for hip OA besides nowadays available invasive joint replacement surgery. However, current diagnostic imaging techniques like radiographs or plain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are not sensitive enough to detect these subtle early OA changes. Nor are they able to disentangle intertwined and overlapping cascades from different OA subtypes, and neither can they predict OA progression. New and more sensitive imaging techniques might enable us to detect first OA changes on a cellular level, providing us with new opportunities for early intervention. In this respect, shape analysis using radiography, MRI, computed tomography (CT), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT, and positron emission tomography (PET) might prove promising techniques and be more suited to detect early pathological changes in the hip joint. A broad application of these techniques might give us more understanding what can be considered physiological adaptation of the hip, or when early OA really starts. With a more clear definition of early OA, more homogenous patient populations can be selected and help with the development of new disease modifying OA interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Siebelt
- Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Erasmus MC, The Netherlands
| | - R Agricola
- Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Erasmus MC, The Netherlands
| | - H Weinans
- Department of Orthopaedics & Dept. Rheumatology, UMC Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Y J Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, USA
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107
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Kijowski R, Roemer F, Englund M, Tiderius CJ, Swärd P, Frobell RB. Imaging following acute knee trauma. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2014; 22:1429-43. [PMID: 25278054 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Joint injury has been recognized as a potent risk factor for the onset of osteoarthritis. The vast majority of studies using imaging technology for longitudinal assessment of patients following joint injury have focused on the injured knee joint, specifically in patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury and meniscus tears where a high risk for rapid onset of post-traumatic osteoarthritis is well known. Although there are many imaging modalities under constant development, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is the most important instrument for longitudinal monitoring after joint injury. MR imaging is sensitive for detecting early cartilage degeneration and can evaluate other joint structures including the menisci, bone marrow, tendons, and ligaments which can be sources of pain following acute injury. In this review, focusing on imaging following acute knee trauma, several studies were identified with promising short-term results of osseous and soft tissue changes after joint injury. However, studies connecting these promising short-term results to the development of osteoarthritis were limited which is likely due to the long follow-up periods needed to document the radiographic and clinical onset of the disease. Thus, it is recommended that additional high quality longitudinal studies with extended follow-up periods be performed to further investigate the long-term consequences of the early osseous and soft tissue changes identified on MR imaging after acute knee trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kijowski
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - F Roemer
- Department of Radiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Radiology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Englund
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund, Sweden; Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C J Tiderius
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - P Swärd
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - R B Frobell
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund, Sweden
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108
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Oei EHG, van Tiel J, Robinson WH, Gold GE. Quantitative radiologic imaging techniques for articular cartilage composition: toward early diagnosis and development of disease-modifying therapeutics for osteoarthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2014; 66:1129-41. [PMID: 24578345 DOI: 10.1002/acr.22316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin H G Oei
- Stanford University, Stanford, California; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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109
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Rautiainen J, Nissi MJ, Salo EN, Tiitu V, Finnilä MAJ, Aho OM, Saarakkala S, Lehenkari P, Ellermann J, Nieminen MT. Multiparametric MRI assessment of human articular cartilage degeneration: Correlation with quantitative histology and mechanical properties. Magn Reson Med 2014; 74:249-259. [PMID: 25104181 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the sensitivity of quantitative MRI techniques (T1 , T1,Gd , T2 , continous wave (CW) T1ρ dispersion, adiabatic T1ρ , adiabatic T2ρ , RAFF and inversion-prepared magnetization transfer (MT)) for assessment of human articular cartilage with varying degrees of natural degeneration. METHODS Osteochondral samples (n = 14) were obtained from the tibial plateaus of patients undergoing total knee replacement. MRI of the specimens was performed at 9.4T and the relaxation time maps were evaluated in the cartilage zones. For reference, quantitative histology, OARSI grading and biomechanical measurements were performed and correlated with MRI findings. RESULTS All MRI parameters, except T1,Gd , showed statistically significant differences in tangential and full-thickness regions of interest (ROIs) between early and advanced osteoarthritis (OA) groups, as classified by OARSI grading. CW-T1ρ showed significant dispersion in all ROIs and featured classical laminar structure of cartilage with spin-lock powers below 1000 Hz. Adiabatic T1ρ , T2ρ , CW-T1ρ, MT, and RAFF correlated strongly with OARSI grade and biomechanical parameters. CONCLUSION MRI parameters were able to differentiate between early and advanced OA. Furthermore, rotating frame methods, namely adiabatic T1ρ , adiabatic T2ρ , CW-T1ρ , and RAFF, as well as MT experiment correlated strongly with biomechanical parameters and OARSI grade, suggesting high sensitivity of the parameters for cartilage degeneration. Magn Reson Med 74:249-259, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jari Rautiainen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko J Nissi
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Departments of Radiology and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Elli-Noora Salo
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Virpi Tiitu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Olli-Matti Aho
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Simo Saarakkala
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Medical Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Petri Lehenkari
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jutta Ellermann
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Departments of Radiology and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Miika T Nieminen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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110
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Zuo H, Yao W, Qu N, Yang S, Wang J, Cui X. Quantitative evaluation in combination with nonquantitative evaluation in early patellar cartilage osteoarthritis at 3.0 T. Clin Interv Aging 2014; 9:1133-43. [PMID: 25075182 PMCID: PMC4106963 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s65871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate quantitative T1 and T2 relaxation times and magnetization transfer ratios (MTRs) in the early diagnosis of patellar cartilage osteoarthritis (OA) and to quantify and possibly refine the current Kellgren-Lawrence score criteria. Materials and methods A total of 92 cases of knee joints with 40 normal volunteers and 30 patients with OA were prospectively evaluated. The knee joints with OA were divided into mild and moderate groups according to the Kellgren-Lawrence score criteria. The discriminative analysis method was used to analyze the accuracy of the original grouped cases correctly classified by age, sex, T1 relaxation times, T2 relaxation times, and MTR values. Linear regression analysis was used between T1 relaxation time, T2 relaxation time, and MTR values. Results The mean T1 relaxation times decreased with the severity of OA, and a significant difference was only found between the normal and moderate OA groups (P<0.05). The mean T2 relaxation times increased, and significant differences were found between the normal and mild OA groups and the normal and moderate OA groups (P<0.001). The MTR values were 35.8%±4.2%, 36.1%±3.2%, and 35.4%±3.8%, respectively. There were no significant differences between the normal and OA groups. In addition, T1 relaxation times were positively correlated with MTR values (P<0.01). A discriminative analysis using a synthesis of all the influential factors indicated a high accuracy rate (93.9%) for the correct classification of the original grouped cases. Conclusion Quantitative T1 and T2 relaxation times were useful in the diagnosis of early OA; T2 relaxation times were more relatively sensitive. The functional usefulness of MTR values may be limited. T1 relaxation times positively correlated with MTR values. Multiple quantitative parameters, combined with some relative nonquantitative clinical parameters and Kellgren-Lawrence scores, may be useful in the early stage of OA and provide better information for clinical treatment and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houdong Zuo
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwu Yao
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Qu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixun Yang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojiang Cui
- Department of Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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111
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112
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Moran CJ, Pascual-Garrido C, Chubinskaya S, Potter HG, Warren RF, Cole BJ, Rodeo SA. Restoration of articular cartilage. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2014; 96:336-44. [PMID: 24553893 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.l.01329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
➤ Novel (i.e., quantitative and semiquantitative) cartilage imaging techniques can evaluate cartilage composition to augment information obtained from traditional magnetic resonance imaging sequences that detail morphology.➤ A well-defined role for drugs leading to chondroprotection has not yet been determined.➤ Shortcomings of bone marrow stimulation include limited production of hyaline repair tissue, unpredictable repair cartilage volume, and a negative impact on later cellular transplantation if required.➤ The role of biological augments, such as cellular concentrates or platelet-rich plasma, remains undefined. When their use is reported in the literature, it is important that their process of production and characterization be detailed.➤ Rehabilitation programs, incorporating controlled exercise and progressive partial weight-bearing, are an important part of cartilage repair surgery and should be detailed in reports on operative techniques applied.➤ Malalignment, meniscal injury, and ligament deficiency should be corrected in a staged or concomitant fashion to reduce the overall likelihood of mechanical failure in cartilage repair surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathal J Moran
- Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service (C.J.M., C.P.-G., R.F.W., and S.A.R.) and Department of Radiology and Imaging (H.G.P.), Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021. E-mail address for C.J. Moran:
| | - Cecilia Pascual-Garrido
- Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service (C.J.M., C.P.-G., R.F.W., and S.A.R.) and Department of Radiology and Imaging (H.G.P.), Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021. E-mail address for C.J. Moran:
| | - Susan Chubinskaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Cohn Research Building, Suite 522, 1735 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Hollis G Potter
- Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service (C.J.M., C.P.-G., R.F.W., and S.A.R.) and Department of Radiology and Imaging (H.G.P.), Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021. E-mail address for C.J. Moran:
| | - Russell F Warren
- Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service (C.J.M., C.P.-G., R.F.W., and S.A.R.) and Department of Radiology and Imaging (H.G.P.), Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021. E-mail address for C.J. Moran:
| | - Brian J Cole
- Division of Sports Medicine, Cartilage Restoration Center, Midwest Orthopedics at Rush, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 West Harrison Street, Suite 300, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Scott A Rodeo
- Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service (C.J.M., C.P.-G., R.F.W., and S.A.R.) and Department of Radiology and Imaging (H.G.P.), Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021. E-mail address for C.J. Moran:
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113
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Zhu Y, Zhang Q, Liu Q, Wang YXJ, Liu X, Zheng H, Liang D, Yuan J. PANDA-T1ρ: Integrating principal component analysis and dictionary learning for fast T1ρ mapping. Magn Reson Med 2014; 73:263-72. [PMID: 24554439 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Long scanning time greatly hinders the widespread application of spin-lattice relaxation in rotating frame (T1ρ) in clinics. In this study, a novel method is proposed to reconstruct the T1ρ-weighted images from undersampled k-space data and hence accelerate the acquisition of T1ρ imaging. METHODS The proposed approach (PANDA-T1ρ) combined the benefit of PCA and dictionary learning when reconstructing image from undersampled data. Specifically, the PCA transform was first used to sparsify the image series along the parameter direction and then the sparsified images were reconstructed by means of dictionary learning and finally solved the images. A variation of PANDA-T1ρ was also developed for the heavy noise case. Numerical simulation and in vivo experiments were carried out with the accelerating factor from 2 to 4 to verify the performance of PANDA-T1ρ. RESULTS The reconstructed T1ρ maps using the PANDA-T1ρ method were found to be comparable to the reference at all verified acceleration factors. Moreover, the variation exhibited better performance than the original version when the k-space data were contaminated by heavy noise. CONCLUSION PANDA-T1ρ can significantly reduce the scanning time of T1ρ by integrating PCA and dictionary learning and provides better parameter estimation than the state-of-art methods for a fixed acceleration factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Zhu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory for MRI, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinwei Zhang
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Qiegen Liu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory for MRI, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Department of Electronic Information Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi-Xiang J Wang
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Xin Liu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory for MRI, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong Liang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory for MRI, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.,CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Subburaj K, Souza RB, Wyman BT, Le Graverand-Gastineau MPH, Li X, Link TM, Majumdar S. Changes in MR relaxation times of the meniscus with acute loading: an in vivo pilot study in knee osteoarthritis. J Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 41:536-43. [PMID: 24347310 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To prospectively evaluate changes in T1ρ and T2 relaxation times in the meniscal body with acute loading using MRI in osteoarthritic knees and to compare these findings with those of age-matched healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female subjects above 40 years of age with (N1 = 20) and without osteoarthritis (OA) (N2 = 10) were imaged on a 3 Tesla MR scanner using a custom made loading device. MR images were acquired, with the knee flexed at 20°, with and without a compressive load of 50% of the subject's bodyweight. The subjects were categorized based on the radiographic evidence of OA. Three different zones (outer, middle, and inner) of meniscus body were defined (each occupying 1/3rd the width). After adjusting for age and body mass index in the general linear regression model, repeated measures analysis of variance was used to detect significant differences in T1ρ and T2 with and without loading. RESULTS In the unloaded condition, the average T1ρ and T2 times were elevated in the outer and middle zones of the medial meniscus in OA subjects compared with the controls. In the loaded condition, T1ρ and T2 times of the outer zone of the medial meniscus was significantly elevated in OA subjects compared with controls. Finally the change (from unloaded to loaded) was significantly higher in controls than OA subjects (15.1% versus 8.3%; P = 0.039 for ΔT1ρ , and 11.5% versus 6.9%, P = 0.049 for ΔT2 ). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that while the OA process appears to affect the relaxation times of all regions within the meniscus, it may affect some regions sooner or to a greater degree. Furthermore, the differences in the change in relaxation times between unloaded and loaded conditions may reveal evidence about load transmission failure of the outer zone of the medial meniscus in subjects with knee OA. It is possible that these metrics (ΔT1ρ and ΔT2 ) may be valuable as an early biomechanical biomarker, which could be used to predict load transmission to the underlying articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karupppasamy Subburaj
- Musculoskeletal and Quantitative Imaging Research Group Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Watts R, Andrews T, Hipko S, Gonyea JV, Filippi CG. In vivo whole-brain T1-rho mapping across adulthood: Normative values and age dependence. J Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 40:376-82. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Watts
- UVM MRI Center for Biomedical Imaging; University of Vermont College of Medicine; Burlington Vermont USA
- Department of Radiology; Fletcher-Allen Healthcare; Burlington Vermont USA
| | - Trevor Andrews
- UVM MRI Center for Biomedical Imaging; University of Vermont College of Medicine; Burlington Vermont USA
- Department of Radiology; Fletcher-Allen Healthcare; Burlington Vermont USA
- Philips Healthcare; Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Scott Hipko
- UVM MRI Center for Biomedical Imaging; University of Vermont College of Medicine; Burlington Vermont USA
| | - Jay V. Gonyea
- UVM MRI Center for Biomedical Imaging; University of Vermont College of Medicine; Burlington Vermont USA
| | - Christopher G. Filippi
- UVM MRI Center for Biomedical Imaging; University of Vermont College of Medicine; Burlington Vermont USA
- Department of Radiology; Fletcher-Allen Healthcare; Burlington Vermont USA
- Department of Neurology; Fletcher-Allen Healthcare; Burlington Vermont USA
- Department of Radiology; Columbia University Medical Center; New York USA
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Hirose J, Nishioka H, Okamoto N, Oniki Y, Nakamura E, Yamashita Y, Usuku K, Mizuta H. Articular cartilage lesions increase early cartilage degeneration in knees treated by anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: T1ρ mapping evaluation and 1-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med 2013; 41:2353-61. [PMID: 23925576 DOI: 10.1177/0363546513496048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Articular cartilage degeneration can develop after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Although radiological studies have identified risk factors for the progression of degenerative cartilage changes in the long term, risk factors in the early postoperative period remain to be documented. HYPOTHESIS Cartilage lesions that are present at surgery progress to cartilage degeneration in the early phase after ACLR. STUDY DESIGN Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS T1ρ is the spin-lattice relaxation in the rotating frame magnetic resonance imaging. Sagittal T1ρ maps of the femorotibial joint were obtained before and 1 year after ACLR in 23 patients with ACL injuries. Four regions of interest (ROIs) were placed on images of the cartilage in the medial and lateral femoral condyle (MFC, LFC) and the medial and lateral tibia plateau (MTP, LTP). Changes in the T1ρ value (milliseconds) of each ROI were recorded, and differences between patients with and without cartilage lesions were evaluated. The relationship between changes in the T1ρ value and meniscal tears was also studied. RESULTS Arthroscopy at ACLR detected cartilage lesions in 15 MFCs, 7 LFCs, and 2 LTPs. The baseline T1ρ value of the MFC and LFC was significantly higher in patients with cartilage lesions (MFC, 40.7 ms; LFC, 42.2 ms) than in patients without cartilage lesions (MFC, 38.0 ms, P = .025; LFC, 39.4 ms, P = .010). At 1-year follow-up, the T1ρ value of the MFC and LFC was also significantly higher in patients with lesions (MFC, 43.1 ms; LFC, 42.7 ms) than in patients without such lesions (MFC, 39.1 ms, P = .002; LFC, 40.4 ms, P = .023, respectively). In patients with cartilage injury, the T1ρ value of the MFC increased during the year after treatment (P = .002). There was no significant difference in the baseline and follow-up T1ρ value in patients with or without meniscal tears on each side although the T1ρ value of the MFC, MTP, and LFC increased during the first year after surgery regardless of the presence or absence of meniscal injuries. CONCLUSION Using T1ρ mapping to detect minimal changes, our study demonstrated that cartilage lesions are related to progressive degenerative cartilage changes during the early phase after ACLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hirose
- Jun Hirose, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
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Abstract
Hip arthroscopy is one of the fastest growing surgical procedures performed by orthopaedic surgeons, with the number of hip arthroscopies expected to double in 2013. The increase in surgical prevalence is at least in part due to an increased awareness of prearthritic hip pathology. The diagnoses of prearthritic hip conditions are made through a comprehensive history, physical examination, and selection of appropriate diagnostic imaging modalities. The purpose of this review article is to provide the practicing orthopaedic surgeon with an overview of the imaging modalities available for the diagnosis of prearthritic hip pathology, with a focus on literature supporting advancements in imaging techniques and new applications of existing modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E. Weber
- />Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, MedSport, 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Dr., Lobby A, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 USA
| | - Jon A. Jacobson
- />Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 2910G Taubman Center, SPC 5326, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Asheesh Bedi
- />Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, MedSport, 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Dr., Lobby A, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 USA
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Ellermann J, Ling W, Nissi MJ, Arendt E, Carlson CS, Garwood M, Michaeli S, Mangia S. MRI rotating frame relaxation measurements for articular cartilage assessment. Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 31:1537-43. [PMID: 23993794 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present work we introduced two MRI rotating frame relaxation methods, namely adiabatic T1ρ and Relaxation Along a Fictitious Field (RAFF), along with an inversion-prepared Magnetization Transfer (MT) protocol for assessment of articular cartilage. Given the inherent sensitivity of rotating frame relaxation methods to slow molecular motions that are relevant in cartilage, we hypothesized that adiabatic T1ρ and RAFF would have higher sensitivity to articular cartilage degradation as compared to laboratory frame T2 and MT. To test this hypothesis, a proteoglycan depletion model was used. Relaxation time measurements were performed at 0 and 48h in 10 bovine patellar specimens, 5 of which were treated with trypsin and 5 untreated controls were stored under identical conditions in isotonic saline for 48h. Relaxation times measured at 48h were longer than those measured at 0h in both groups. The changes in T2 and MT relaxation times after 48h were approximately 3 times larger in the trypsin treated specimens as compared to the untreated group, whereas increases of adiabatic T1ρ and RAFF were 4 to 5 fold larger. Overall, these findings demonstrate a higher sensitivity of adiabatic T1ρ and RAFF to the trypsin-induced changes in bovine patellar cartilage as compared to the commonly used T2 and MT. Since adiabatic T1ρ and RAFF are advantageous for human applications as compared to standard continuous-wave T1ρ methods, adiabatic T1ρ and RAFF are promising tools for assessing cartilage degradation in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Ellermann
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
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Palmer AJR, Brown CP, McNally EG, Price AJ, Tracey I, Jezzard P, Carr AJ, Glyn-Jones S. Non-invasive imaging of cartilage in early osteoarthritis. Bone Joint J 2013; 95-B:738-46. [PMID: 23723266 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.95b6.31414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Treatment for osteoarthritis (OA) has traditionally focused on joint replacement for end-stage disease. An increasing number of surgical and pharmaceutical strategies for disease prevention have now been proposed. However, these require the ability to identify OA at a stage when it is potentially reversible, and detect small changes in cartilage structure and function to enable treatment efficacy to be evaluated within an acceptable timeframe. This has not been possible using conventional imaging techniques but recent advances in musculoskeletal imaging have been significant. In this review we discuss the role of different imaging modalities in the diagnosis of the earliest changes of OA. The increasing number of MRI sequences that are able to non-invasively detect biochemical changes in cartilage that precede structural damage may offer a great advance in the diagnosis and treatment of this debilitating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J R Palmer
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Headington OX3 7LD, UK
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Li X, Wyatt C, Rivoire J, Han E, Chen W, Schooler J, Liang F, Shet K, Souza R, Majumdar S. Simultaneous acquisition of T1ρ and T2 quantification in knee cartilage: repeatability and diurnal variation. J Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 39:1287-93. [PMID: 23897756 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a robust sequence that combines T1ρ and T2 quantifications and to examine the in vivo repeatability and diurnal variation of T1ρ and T2 quantifications in knee cartilage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six healthy volunteers were scanned in the morning and afternoon on 2 days using a combined T1ρ and T2 quantification sequence developed in this study. Repeatability of T1ρ and T2 quantification was estimated using root-mean-square coefficients-of-variation (RMS-CV). T1ρ and T2 values from morning scans were compared to those from afternoon scans using paired t-tests. RESULTS The overall RMS-CV of in vivo T1ρ and T2 quantification was 5.3% and 5.2%, respectively. The RMS-CV of am scans was 4.2% and 5.0% while the RMS-CV of pm scans was 6.0% and 6.3% for T1ρ and T2 , respectively. No significant difference was found between T1ρ or T2 values in the morning and in the afternoon. CONCLUSION A sequence that combines T1ρ and T2 quantification with scan time less than 10 minutes and is robust to B0 and B1 inhomogeneity was developed with excellent repeatability. For a cohort with low-level daily activity, although no significant diurnal variation of cartilage MR relaxation times was observed, the afternoon scans had inferior repeatability compared to morning scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Li
- Musculo-skeletal Quantitative Imaging Research (MQIR), Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
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Matzat SJ, van Tiel J, Gold GE, Oei EHG. Quantitative MRI techniques of cartilage composition. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2013; 3:162-74. [PMID: 23833729 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2013.06.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to aging populations and increasing rates of obesity in the developed world, the prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) is continually increasing. Decreasing the societal and patient burden of this disease motivates research in prevention, early detection of OA, and novel treatment strategies against OA. One key facet of this effort is the need to track the degradation of tissues within joints, especially cartilage. Currently, conventional imaging techniques provide accurate means to detect morphological deterioration of cartilage in the later stages of OA, but these methods are not sensitive to the subtle biochemical changes during early disease stages. Novel quantitative techniques with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide direct and indirect assessments of cartilage composition, and thus allow for earlier detection and tracking of OA. This review describes the most prominent quantitative MRI techniques to date-dGEMRIC, T2 mapping, T1rho mapping, and sodium imaging. Other, less-validated methods for quantifying cartilage composition are also described-Ultrashort echo time (UTE), gagCEST, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). For each technique, this article discusses the proposed biochemical correlates, as well its advantages and limitations for clinical and research use. The article concludes with a detailed discussion of how the field of quantitative MRI has progressed to provide information regarding two specific patient populations through clinical research-patients with anterior cruciate ligament rupture and patients with impingement in the hip. While quantitative imaging techniques continue to rapidly evolve, specific challenges for each technique as well as challenges to clinical applications remain.
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Subburaj K, Valentinitsch A, Dillon AB, Joseph GB, Li X, Link TM, Vail TP, Majumdar S. Regional variations in MR relaxation of hip joint cartilage in subjects with and without femoralacetabular impingement. Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 31:1129-36. [PMID: 23684960 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze regional variations of magnetic resonance (MR) relaxation times (T1ρ and T2) in hip joint cartilage of healthy volunteers and subjects with femoral acetabular impingement (FAI). Morphological and quantitative images of the hip joints of 12 healthy volunteers and 9 FAI patients were obtained using a 3T MR scanner. Both femoral and acetabular cartilage layers in each joint were semi-automatically segmented on sagittal 3D high-resolution spoiled gradient echo (SPGR) images. These segmented regions of interest (ROIs) were automatically divided radially into twelve equal sub-regions (30(0) intervals) based on the fitted center of the femur head. The mean value of T1ρ/T2 was calculated in each sub-region after superimposing the divided cartilage contours on the MR relaxation (T1ρ/T2) maps to quantify the relaxation times. T1ρ and T2 relaxation times of the femoral cartilage were significantly higher in FAI subjects compared to healthy controls (39.9±3.3 msec in FAI vs. 35.4±2.3msec in controls for T1ρ (P=0.0020); 33.9±3.1 msec in FAI vs. 31.1±1.7 msec in controls for T2 (P=0.0160)). Sub-regional analysis showed significantly different T1ρ and T2 relaxation times in the anterior-superior region (R9) of the hip joint cartilage between subjects with FAI and healthy subjects, suggesting possible regional differences in cartilage matrix composition between these two groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that sub-regional analysis in femoral cartilage was more sensitive in discriminating FAI joint cartilage from that of healthy joints than global analysis of the whole region (T1ρ: area under the curve (AUC)=0.981, P=0.0001 for R9 sub-region; AUC=0.901, P=0.002 for whole region; T2: AUC=0.976, P=0.0005 for R9 sub-region; AUC=0.808, P=0.0124 for whole region). The results of this study demonstrated regional variations in hip cartilage composition using MR relaxation times (T1ρ and T2) and suggested that analysis based on local regions was more sensitive than global measures in subjects with and without FAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karupppasamy Subburaj
- Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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Chan DD, Neu CP. Probing articular cartilage damage and disease by quantitative magnetic resonance imaging. J R Soc Interface 2013; 10:20120608. [PMID: 23135247 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating disease that reflects a complex interplay of biochemical, biomechanical, metabolic and genetic factors, which are often triggered by injury, and mediated by inflammation, catabolic cytokines and enzymes. An unmet clinical need is the lack of reliable methods that are able to probe the pathogenesis of early OA when disease-rectifying therapies may be most effective. Non-invasive quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) techniques have shown potential for characterizing the structural, biochemical and mechanical changes that occur with cartilage degeneration. In this paper, we review the background in articular cartilage and OA as it pertains to conventional MRI and qMRI techniques. We then discuss how conventional MRI and qMRI techniques are used in clinical and research environments to evaluate biochemical and mechanical changes associated with degeneration. Some qMRI techniques allow for the use of relaxometry values as indirect biomarkers for cartilage components. Direct characterization of mechanical behaviour of cartilage is possible via other specialized qMRI techniques. The combination of these qMRI techniques has the potential to fully characterize the biochemical and biomechanical states that represent the initial changes associated with cartilage degeneration. Additionally, knowledge of in vivo cartilage biochemistry and mechanical behaviour in healthy subjects and across a spectrum of osteoarthritic patients could lead to improvements in the detection, management and treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deva D Chan
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Takayama Y, Hatakenaka M, Tsushima H, Okazaki K, Yoshiura T, Yonezawa M, Nishikawa K, Iwamoto Y, Honda H. T1ρ is superior to T2 mapping for the evaluation of articular cartilage denaturalization with osteoarthritis: Radiological–pathological correlation after total knee arthroplasty. Eur J Radiol 2013; 82:e192-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2012.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Wong CS, Yan CH, Gong NJ, Li T, Chan Q, Chu YC. Imaging biomarker with T1ρ and T2 mappings in osteoarthritis - in vivo human articular cartilage study. Eur J Radiol 2013; 82:647-50. [PMID: 23333531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2012.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a common and disabling disease worldwide. Its prevalence is increasing in view of the aging population. Changes in collagen content, its orientation and GAG content in the articular cartilage with age are the major features in knee osteoarthritis. These changes in collagen and GAG contents show no manifestation in plain radiography and conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Nevertheless, early diagnosis of the knee osteoarthritis is of paramount importance clinically in view of the evolution of putative interventions in its early stage. The aim of this project is to identify the relationships between the two imaging biomarkers (i.e. T1ρ and T2 mappings) and the GAG concentration in living human symptomatic cartilage. METHODOLOGY 28 patients with clinical diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis were enrolled. 7 males and 16 females were recruited and their mean age was 68.1 (ranges from 53 to 84). Conventional PD sequence, T1ρ and T2 mappings were performed for each subject within 1 week before total knee arthroplasty. Articular cartilage from the lateral tibial plateau was harvested and the GAG content in cartilage was determined by using dimethylmethylene blue method. T1ρ mean and T2 values were calculated and correlate with GAG concentration statistically. RESULTS The mean value T1ρ was 40.3±13.5ms, ranging from 15.3 to 69.3ms and the mean value T2 was 31.0±10.5ms, ranging from 16.1 to 46.9ms. The mean value of GAG content was 80.1±33.3mg, ranging from 24.9 to 166.0mg while the mean value of GAG concentration was 267.4±165.9mg/cm(3), ranging from 91.3 to 760.5mg/cm(3). T2 values were inversely correlated with GAG concentration with R(2)=0.375, p=0.001 while T1ρ values were also inversely correlated with GAG concentration with R(2)=0.200, p=0.025. CONCLUSION This in vivo study confirmed that T1ρ and T2 values correlate with the GAG concentration in living human knee cartilages which corroborate with the previous works. The later (T2 values) is found more reliable in our study and less controversial in literatures. We postulate that T2 values can serve as a non-invasive imaging biomarker in the progress of knee osteoarthritis in terms of both disease diagnosis and treatment response monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Sing Wong
- FHKAM (Radiology), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Prasad A, Nardo L, Schooler J, Joseph G, Link T. T₁ρ and T₂ relaxation times predict progression of knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:69-76. [PMID: 23059757 PMCID: PMC3596874 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether T(2) and T(1ρ) relaxation times of knee cartilage determined with 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at baseline predict longitudinal progression of cartilage degenerative changes. METHODS Quantitative analysis of cartilage was performed using 3T MRI with both T(2) and T(1ρ) mapping techniques in 55 subjects without evidence of severe osteoarthritis (OA) [Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) score of 0-3] at baseline. Morphological abnormalities of cartilage, menisci, ligaments and bone marrow were analyzed on sagittal fat-saturated intermediate-weighted fast spin echo (FSE) sequences. Progression of degenerative changes was analyzed over a period of 2 years. Progression was detected in 27 subjects while in 28 subjects no changes were found. Differences between T(2) and T(1ρ) relaxation times in these two cohorts were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t tests. RESULTS Baseline T(2) and T(1ρ) values were significantly higher in the progression cohort in all compartments (P < 0.05) except the lateral tibia (LT) for T(2) and the medial tibia (MT) for T(1ρ). Progression of cartilage degenerative disease was most pronounced at the medial femoral condyles and at the femoro-patellar joint; differences between the two cohorts for T(2) and T(1ρ) were also most significant in these compartments. CONCLUSIONS T(2) and T(1ρ) measurements were significantly higher at baseline in individuals that showed progression of cartilage abnormalities over a period of 2 years and may therefore serve as potential predictors for progression of degenerative cartilage abnormalities in knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - T.M. Link
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to: T.M. Link, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Ave., A 367, Box 0628, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628, USA. Tel: 1-415-353-8940; Fax: 1-415-476-8550. (A.P. Prasad), (L. Nardo), (J. Schooler), (G.B. Joseph), , (T.M. Link)
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Comparison of T1ρ, dGEMRIC, and quantitative T2 MRI in preoperative ACL rupture patients. Acad Radiol 2013; 20:99-107. [PMID: 22981604 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES T1ρ, inversion recovery sequence with a gadolinium contrast agent (dGEMRIC), and T2 mapping have shown sensitivity toward different osteoarthritic-associated compositional changes after joint injury, but have not been studied concomitantly in vivo. We hypothesized that these magnetic resonance imaging sequences can be used to measure early glycosaminoglycan (GAG) losses and collagen disruption in cartilage of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirteen acute ACL rupture patients were each imaged during a 4-hour presurgery workup to acquire a fast-spin-echo-based T1ρ sequence, a multi-echo spin-echo T2 sequence, and T1-weighted dGEMRIC an average of 55.7 days after injury. After acquisition, the three sequences' relaxation times were analytically compared. RESULTS Site-specific differences were evinced, but nonsignificant differences in mean relaxation time between layers of the same region and sequence were observed (analysis of variance, P < .05). Spearman's correlation coefficients of 0.542 (T1ρ vs. T2, P < .05), -0.026 (T1ρ vs. dGEMRIC, P = .585) and -0.095 (T2 vs. dGEMRIC, P < .05) were found. CONCLUSION No appreciable focal GAG loss was detected by dGEMRIC, and T2 was generally elevated in the early acute phase of blunt trauma injury. In contrast, both general and focal elevations in T1ρ relaxation times were identified, indicating an acute increase in unbound water in the matrix after blunt trauma, and show that patient-specific cartilage changes occur within otherwise healthy, young patients. Further investigation into each sequence's long-term significance is warranted to help clinicians decide which sequence(s) will be the most useful for osteoarthritis prognosis given the challenge of concomitantly acquiring all three in a busy clinical setting.
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Kim SD, Jessel R, Zurakowski D, Millis MB, Kim YJ. Anterior delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage values predict joint failure after periacetabular osteotomy. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2012; 470:3332-41. [PMID: 22907475 PMCID: PMC3492640 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-012-2519-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several available compositional MRIs seem to detect early osteoarthritis before radiographic appearance. Delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) has been most frequently used in clinical studies and reportedly predicts premature joint failure in patients undergoing Bernese periacetabular osteotomies (PAOs). QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We asked, given regional variations in biochemical composition in dysplastic hips, whether the dGEMRIC index of the anterior joint would better predict premature joint failure after PAOs than the coronal dGEMRIC index as previously reported. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 43 hips in 41 patients who underwent Bernese PAO for hip dysplasia. Thirty-seven hips had preserved joints after PAOs and six were deemed premature failures based on pain, joint space narrowing, or subsequent THA. We used dGEMRIC to determine regional variations in biochemical composition. Preoperative demographic and clinical outcome score, radiographic measures of osteoarthritis and severity of dysplasia, and dGEMRIC indexes from different hip regions were analyzed in a multivariable regression analysis to determine the best predictor of premature joint failure. Minimum followup was 24 months (mean, 32 months; range, 24-46 months). RESULTS The two cohorts were similar in age and sex distribution. Severity of dysplasia was similar as measured by lateral center-edge, anterior center-edge, and Tönnis angles. Preoperative pain, joint space width, Tönnis grade, and coronal and sagittal dGEMRIC indexes differed between groups. The dGEMRIC index in the anterior weightbearing region of the hip was lower in the prematurely failed group and was the best predictor. CONCLUSIONS Success of PAO depends on the amount of preoperative osteoarthritis. These degenerative changes are seen most commonly in the anterior joint. The dGEMRIC index of the anterior joint may better predict premature joint failure than radiographic measures of hip osteoarthritis and coronal dGEMRIC index. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II, prognostic study. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Do Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Rebecca Jessel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - David Zurakowski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Michael B. Millis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Young-Jo Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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130
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Gold SL, Burge AJ, Potter HG. MRI of hip cartilage: joint morphology, structure, and composition. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2012; 470:3321-31. [PMID: 22723242 PMCID: PMC3492599 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-012-2403-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate, reproducible, and noninvasive assessment of hip cartilage is clinically relevant and provides a means by which to assess the suitability of candidates for arthroscopic or open surgical procedures and the response to such interventions over time. Given the relatively thin cartilage of the hip and the complex spherical anatomy, however, accurately assessing the cartilage poses a challenge for traditional MRI techniques. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We assessed the current status of imaging articular cartilage of the hip through a comprehensive review of recent literature. METHODS We performed a literature review using PubMed. Topics included quantitative MRI, imaging of the hip cartilage and labrum, femoroacetabular impingement syndrome, and osteoarthritis of the hip. WHERE ARE WE NOW?: With the use of high in-plane and through-plane resolution, reproducible assessment of hip cartilage and labrum is clinically feasible. More recent quantitative MR techniques also allow for noninvasive assessment of collagen orientation and proteoglycan content in articular cartilage, thus providing insight into early matrix degeneration. These techniques can be applied to cohorts at risk for osteoarthritis, helping to predict cartilage degeneration before symptoms progress and osteoarthritic changes are visible on radiographs. WHERE DO WE NEED TO GO?: Prospective longitudinal data registries are necessary for developing predictive models of osteoarthritis and subsequent joint failure to assess the results of surgical intervention and predict the timing of arthroplasty. HOW DO WE GET THERE?: By establishing more hip cartilage registries, a correlation can be made between subjective measures and morphologic MRI to assess the cartilage, labrum, bone, and synovial lining of the hip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Gold
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Alissa J. Burge
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Hollis G. Potter
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA ,Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY USA
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131
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Abstract
Hip deformity such as acetabular dysplasia and cam and pincer deformities are thought to be a major cause of hip osteoarthritis. Currently, clinically effective surgical procedures such as pelvic osteotomies and femoral and acetabular osteoplasties are available to correct the underlying deformity. These procedures are most effective in the presence of minimal chondral damage in the joint. Currently, and more so in the future, high-resolution morphologic imaging and biochemical imaging techniques such as Delayed gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging of cartilage, T2, and T1rho will have a clinically important role in diagnosing and staging chondral damage in the hip.
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132
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Hirose J, Nishioka H, Nakamura E, Oniki Y, Yamashita Y, Mizuta H. T1ρ and T2 mapping of the proximal tibiofibular joint in relation to aging and cartilage degeneration. Eur J Radiol 2012; 81:2776-82. [PMID: 22153747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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133
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Mechanism of disease in early osteoarthritis: application of modern MR imaging techniques -- a technical report. Magn Reson Imaging 2012; 31:156-61. [PMID: 22902064 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The application of biomolecular magnetic resonance imaging becomes increasingly important in the context of early cartilage changes in degenerative and inflammatory joint disease before gross morphological changes become apparent. In this limited technical report, we investigate the correlation of MRI T1, T2 and T1ρ relaxation times with quantitative biochemical measurements of proteoglycan and collagen contents of cartilage in close synopsis with histologic morphology. A recently developed MRI sequence, T1ρ, was able to detect early intracartilaginous degeneration quantitatively and also qualitatively by color mapping demonstrating a higher sensitivity than standard T2-weighted sequences. The results correlated highly with reduced proteoglycan content and disrupted collagen architecture as measured by biochemistry and histology. The findings lend support to a clinical implementation that allows rapid visual capturing of pathology on a local, millimeter level. Further information about articular cartilage quality otherwise not detectable in vivo, via normal inspection, is needed for orthopedic treatment decisions in the present and future.
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134
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Zbýň S, Stelzeneder D, Welsch GH, Negrin LL, Juras V, Mayerhoefer ME, Szomolanyi P, Bogner W, Domayer SE, Weber M, Trattnig S. Evaluation of native hyaline cartilage and repair tissue after two cartilage repair surgery techniques with 23Na MR imaging at 7 T: initial experience. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2012; 20:837-45. [PMID: 22548796 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 04/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the sodium normalized mean signal intensity (NMSI) values between patients after bone marrow stimulation (BMS) and matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation (MACT) cartilage repair procedures. METHODS Nine BMS and nine MACT patients were included. Each BMS patient was matched with one MACT patient according to age [BMS 36.7 ± 10.7 (mean ± standard deviation) years; MACT 36.9 ± 10.0 years], postoperative interval (BMS 33.5 ± 25.3 months; MACT 33.2 ± 25.7 months), and defect location. All magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements were performed on a 7 T system. Proton images served for morphological evaluation of repair tissue using the magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) scoring system. Sodium NMSI values in the repair area and morphologically normal cartilage were calculated. Clinical outcome was assessed right after MRI. Analysis of covariance, t-tests, and Pearson correlation coefficients were evaluated. RESULTS Sodium NMSI was significantly lower in BMS (P = 0.004) and MACT (P = 0.006) repair tissue, compared to reference cartilage. Sodium NMSI was not different between the reference cartilage in MACT and BMS patients (P = 0.664), however it was significantly higher in MACT than in BMS repair tissue (P = 0.028). Better clinical outcome was observed in BMS than in MACT patients. There was no difference between MOCART scores for MACT and BMS patients (P = 0.915). We did not observe any significant correlation between MOCART score and sodium repair tissue NMSI (r = -0.001; P = 0.996). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest higher glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, and therefore, repair tissue of better quality in MACT than in BMS patients. Sodium imaging might be beneficial in non-invasive evaluation of cartilage repair surgery efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zbýň
- MR Centre-Highfield MR, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Vienna/Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
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135
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Yuan J, Zhao F, Chan Q, Wang YXJ. Observation of bi-exponential T(1ρ) relaxation of in-vivo rat muscles at 3T. Acta Radiol 2012; 53:675-81. [PMID: 22761346 DOI: 10.1258/ar.2012.120108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spin-lattice relaxation in the rotating frame, or T(1ρ) relaxation, is normally described by a mono-exponential decay model. However, compartmentation of tissues and microscopic molecular exchange may lead to bi-exponential or multi-exponential T(1ρ) relaxation behavior in certain tissues under the application of spin lock pulse field strength. PURPOSE To investigate the presence of bi-exponential T(1ρ) relaxations in in-vivo rat head tissues of brain and muscle. MATERIAL AND METHODS Five Sprague-Dawley rats underwent T(1ρ) imaging at 3T. A B(1)-insensitive rotary echo spin lock pulse was used for T(1ρ) preparation with a spin lock frequency of 500Hz. Twenty-five T(1ρ)-weighted images with spin lock times ranging from 1 to 60 ms were acquired using a 3D spoiled gradient echo sequence. Image intensities over different spin lock times were fitted using mono-exponential as well as bi-exponential models both on region-of-interest basis and pixel-by-pixel basis. F-test with a significance level P value of 0.01 was used to evaluate whether bi-exponential model gave a better fitting than mono-exponential model. RESULTS In rat brains, only mono-exponential but no apparent bi-exponential T(1ρ) relaxation (~70-71 ms) was found. In contrast, bi-exponential T(1ρ) relaxation was observed in muscles of all five rats (P < 10(-4)). A longer and a shorter T(1ρ) relaxation component were extracted to be ~37- ~41 ms (a fraction of ~80- ~88%) and ~9- ~11 ms (~12-20%), compared to the normal single T(1ρ) relaxation of ~30- ~33 ms. CONCLUSION Bi-exponential relaxation components were detected in rat muscles. The long and the short T(1ρ) relaxation component are thought to correspond to the restricted intracellular water population and the hydrogen exchange between amine and hydroxyl groups, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yuan
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Queenie Chan
- Philips Healthcare, Philips Electronics Hong Kong Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi-Xiang J Wang
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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136
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Hardin JA. Osteoarthritis: a perspective from the arthritis foundation: we need a base hit. HSS J 2012; 8:72-4. [PMID: 23372540 PMCID: PMC3295942 DOI: 10.1007/s11420-011-9264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John A. Hardin
- Arthritis Foundation, P.O. Box 7669, Atlanta, GA 30357-0669 USA
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137
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Nishioka H, Hirose J, Nakamura E, Oniki Y, Takada K, Yamashita Y, Mizuta H. T1ρ and T2 mapping reveal the in vivo extracellular matrix of articular cartilage. J Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 35:147-55. [PMID: 21990043 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Nishioka
- Department of Orthopaedic and Neuro-Musculoskeletal Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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138
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Chu CR, Beynnon BD, Buckwalter JA, Garrett WE, Katz JN, Rodeo SA, Spindler KP, Stanton RA. Closing the gap between bench and bedside research for early arthritis therapies (EARTH): report from the AOSSM/NIH U-13 Post-Joint Injury Osteoarthritis Conference II. Am J Sports Med 2011; 39:1569-78. [PMID: 21730208 PMCID: PMC3182453 DOI: 10.1177/0363546511411654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This report summarizes the 2010 AOSSM/NIH (American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine/National Institutes of Health) U13 Post-Joint Injury Osteoarthritis II Conference to include the discussion concerning potential study cohorts, assessment considerations, and research priorities. There was strong consensus and enthusiasm for approaching the development of disease-modifying treatments for osteoarthritis through study of "pre-osteoarthritic" cohorts, particularly human subjects under 30 years of age following acute anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Clinical study of acute treatment strategies initiated within a few days after injury will need development of recruitment pathways and short-term proof-of-concept outcome measures that are specific to the intervention being studied. For example, measures of joint inflammation can be used in short-term prospective randomized controlled trials to determine whether an anti-inflammatory intervention was effective in decreasing early inflammation. These short-term clinical trials will need to be followed by longer-term evaluation of the clinical cohorts for joint and cartilage degeneration to determine if the acute intervention affected later development of osteoarthritis. Research priorities were identified in several disciplines, particularly regarding development and validation of quantitative imaging, biomechanics, and biomarker measures of joint structure, composition, and function that predict the accelerated development of osteoarthritis. Systematic study of posttraumatic osteoarthritis is anticipated to advance understanding and treatment of all forms of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance R. Chu
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cartilage Restoration Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Address correspondence to Constance R. Chu, MD, University of Pittsburgh, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cartilage Restoration Center, 3471 Fifth Ave, Suite 911, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Bruce D. Beynnon
- University of Vermont College of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, McClure Musculoskeletal Research Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | | | | | - Jeffrey N. Katz
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Scott A. Rodeo
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Kurt P. Spindler
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nashville, Tennessee
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139
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Pedersen DR, Klocke NF, Thedens DR, Martin JA, Williams GN, Amendola A. Integrating carthage-specific T1rho MRI into knee clinic diagnostic imaging. THE IOWA ORTHOPAEDIC JOURNAL 2011; 31:99-109. [PMID: 22096428 PMCID: PMC3215122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
With a rise in post-traumatic osteoarthritis, OA no longer is considered just a disease of aging. The 'gold standard' for OA diagnosis has long been planar radiographs for visualizing osteophytes, joint space narrowing and sclerotic changes. A typical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol will acquire proton density, T1, T2, and fat suppressed images that give a comprehensive picture of morphologic changes associated with injury and subsequent degenerative processes. However, the earliest events of cartilage degeneration occur within the tissue, before measureable changes in morphology. MRI methods have been proposed to display and quantify changes in composition and integrity of such elements of cartilage extracellular matrix as collagen and proteoglycan (PG) content in vivo. T1ρ the spin-lattice relaxation time in the rotating frame, has come to the forefront for visualizing water proton-PG interactions in articular cartilage. The purpose of this T1ρ MRI study was to define an objective femoral condyle-specific registration method, in which zone-dependent cartilage compositional changes could be assessed from the bone outward through the existing cartilage, at pre-ACL reconstruction and subsequent follow-up times, when the loss of thickness to surface-down cartilage erosion might occur later in the OA pathogenesis. Additionally, this study explores the effects of reducing the number of spin-lock times on the absolute T1ρ relaxation times; a major parameter in expanding T1ρ coverage to the whole joint while satisfying clinical imaging time and specific absorption rate (SAR) safety constraints. The developed image analysis tools serve as the first step toward quantitative functional assessment of cartilage health with noninvasive T1ρ MRI, which has the potential to become an important new tool for the early diagnosis of cartilage degeneration following ACL trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Pedersen
- Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.
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