101
|
Pisano A, Cerbelli B, Perli E, Pelullo M, Bargelli V, Preziuso C, Mancini M, He L, Bates MGD, Lucena JR, Della Monica PL, Familiari G, Petrozza V, Nediani C, Taylor RW, d'Amati G, Giordano C. Impaired mitochondrial biogenesis is a common feature to myocardial hypertrophy and end-stage ischemic heart failure. Cardiovasc Pathol 2016; 25:103-12. [PMID: 26764143 PMCID: PMC4758811 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial (mt) DNA depletion and oxidative mtDNA damage have been implicated in the process of pathological cardiac remodeling. Whether these features are present in the early phase of maladaptive cardiac remodeling, that is, during compensated cardiac hypertrophy, is still unknown. We compared the morphologic and molecular features of mt biogenesis and markers of oxidative stress in human heart from adult subjects with compensated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and heart failure. We have shown that mtDNA depletion is a constant feature of both conditions. A quantitative loss of mtDNA content was associated with significant down-regulation of selected modulators of mt biogenesis and decreased expression of proteins involved in mtDNA maintenance. Interestingly, mtDNA depletion characterized also the end-stage phase of cardiomyopathies due to a primary mtDNA defect. Oxidative stress damage was detected only in failing myocardium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalinda Pisano
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruna Cerbelli
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Perli
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Pelullo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Bargelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni, 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Carmela Preziuso
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Mancini
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Langping He
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Matthew G D Bates
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Joaquin R Lucena
- Forensic Pathology Service, Institute of Legal Medicine, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Giuseppe Familiari
- Department of Human Anatomic, Histologic, Forensic and Locomotor Apparatus Sciences, Sapienza University, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Petrozza
- Department of Biotechnologies and medical and Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Nediani
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni, 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Giulia d'Amati
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Giordano
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
The cellular and molecular progression of mitochondrial dysfunction induced by 2,4-dinitrophenol in developing zebrafish embryos. Differentiation 2015; 89:51-69. [PMID: 25771346 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of mitochondrial disease is poorly understood. Furthermore, treatment options are limited, and diagnostic methods often lack the sensitivity to detect disease in its early stages. Disrupted oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) that inhibits ATP production is a common phenotype of mitochondrial disorders that can be induced in zebrafish by exposure to 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), a FDA-banned weight-loss agent and EPA-regulated environmental toxicant, traditionally used in research labs as an uncoupler of OXPHOS. Despite the DNP-induced OXPHOS inhibition we observed using in vivo respirometry, the development of the DNP-treated and control zebrafish were largely similar during the first half of embryogenesis. During this period, DNP-treated embryos induced gene expression of mitochondrial and nuclear genes that stimulated the production of new mitochondria and increased glycolysis to yield normal levels of ATP. DNP-treated embryos were incapable of sustaining this mitochondrial biogenic response past mid-embryogenesis, as shown by significantly lowered ATP production and ATP levels, decreased gene expression, and the onset of developmental defects. Examining neural tissues commonly affected by mitochondrial disease, we found that DNP exposure also inhibited motor neuron axon arbor outgrowth and the proper formation of the retina. We observed and quantified the molecular and physiological progression of mitochondrial dysfunction during development with this new model of OXPHOS dysfunction, which has great potential for use in diagnostics and therapies for mitochondrial disease.
Collapse
|
103
|
Jayaprakash AD, Benson EK, Gone S, Liang R, Shim J, Lambertini L, Toloue MM, Wigler M, Aaronson SA, Sachidanandam R. Stable heteroplasmy at the single-cell level is facilitated by intercellular exchange of mtDNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:2177-87. [PMID: 25653158 PMCID: PMC4344500 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells carry two genomes, nuclear (nDNA) and mitochondrial (mtDNA), which are ostensibly decoupled in their replication, segregation and inheritance. It is increasingly appreciated that heteroplasmy, the occurrence of multiple mtDNA haplotypes in a cell, plays an important biological role, but its features are not well understood. Accurately determining the diversity of mtDNA has been difficult, due to the relatively small amount of mtDNA in each cell (<1% of the total DNA), the intercellular variability of mtDNA content and mtDNA pseudogenes (Numts) in nDNA. To understand the nature of heteroplasmy, we developed Mseek, a novel technique to purify and sequence mtDNA. Mseek yields high purity (>90%) mtDNA and its ability to detect rare variants is limited only by sequencing depth, providing unprecedented sensitivity and specificity. Using Mseek, we confirmed the ubiquity of heteroplasmy by analyzing mtDNA from a diverse set of cell lines and human samples. Applying Mseek to colonies derived from single cells, we find heteroplasmy is stably maintained in individual daughter cells over multiple cell divisions. We hypothesized that the stability of heteroplasmy could be facilitated by intercellular exchange of mtDNA. We explicitly demonstrate this exchange by co-culturing cell lines with distinct mtDNA haplotypes. Our results shed new light on the maintenance of heteroplasmy and provide a novel platform to investigate features of heteroplasmy in normal and diseased states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anitha D Jayaprakash
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, NY 10029, USA
| | - Erica K Benson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, NY 10029, USA
| | - Swapna Gone
- Bioo Scientific Corporation, 7050 Burleson Road, Austin, TX 78744, USA
| | - Raymond Liang
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jaehee Shim
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, NY 10029, USA
| | - Luca Lambertini
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, NY 10029, USA
| | - Masoud M Toloue
- Bioo Scientific Corporation, 7050 Burleson Road, Austin, TX 78744, USA
| | - Mike Wigler
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, One Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Stuart A Aaronson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ravi Sachidanandam
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, NY 10029, USA
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Analysis of the behavior of mitochondria in the ovaries of the earthworm Dendrobaena veneta Rosa 1839. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117187. [PMID: 25671521 PMCID: PMC4324959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined six types of cells that form the ovary of the earthworm Dendrobena veneta ogonia, prooocytes, vitellogenic oocytes, trophocytes, fully grown postvitellogenic oocytes and somatic cells of the gonad. The quantitative stereological method revealed a much higher "volume density" of mitochondria in all of the types of germ-line cells except for the somatic cells. Fluorescent vital stain JC-1, however, showed a much higher oxidative activity of mitochondria in the somatic cells than in the germ-line cells. The distribution of active and inactive mitochondria within the studied cells was assessed using the computer program ImageJ. The analysis showed a higher luminosity of inactive mitochondria in all of the types of germ-line cells and a higher luminosity of active mitochondria in somatic cells. The OXPHOS activity was found in somatic cells mitochondria and in the peripheral mitochondria of the vitellogenic oocytes. The detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) revealed a differentiated distribution of ROS in the different cell types. The amount of ROS substances was lower in somatic cells than in younger germ-line cells. The ROS level was also low in the cytoplasm of fully grown postwitellogenic oocytes. The distribution of the MnSOD enzyme that protects mitochondria against destructive role of ROS substances was high in the oogonia and in prooocytes and it was very high in vitellogenic and postvitellogenic oocytes. However, a much lower level of this protective enzyme was observed in the trophocytes and the lowest level was found in the cytoplasm of somatic cells. The lower mitochondrial activity and higher level of MnSOD activity in germ-line cells when compared to somatic cells testifies to the necessity of the organisms to protect the mitochondria of oocytes against the destructive role of the ROS that are produced during oxidative phosphorylation. The protection of the mitochondria in oocytes is essential for the transfer of healthy organelles to the next generation.
Collapse
|
105
|
Extensive tissue-related and allele-related mtDNA heteroplasmy suggests positive selection for somatic mutations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:2491-6. [PMID: 25675502 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1419651112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heteroplasmy in human mtDNA may play a role in cancer, other diseases, and aging, but patterns of heteroplasmy variation across different tissues have not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we analyzed complete mtDNA genome sequences at ∼3,500× average coverage from each of 12 tissues obtained at autopsy from each of 152 individuals. We identified 4,577 heteroplasmies (with an alternative allele frequency of at least 0.5%) at 393 positions across the mtDNA genome. Surprisingly, different nucleotide positions (nps) exhibit high frequencies of heteroplasmy in different tissues, and, moreover, heteroplasmy is strongly dependent on the specific consensus allele at an np. All of these tissue-related and allele-related heteroplasmies show a significant age-related accumulation, suggesting positive selection for specific alleles at specific positions in specific tissues. We also find a highly significant excess of liver-specific heteroplasmies involving nonsynonymous changes, most of which are predicted to have an impact on protein function. This apparent positive selection for reduced mitochondrial function in the liver may reflect selection to decrease damaging byproducts of liver mitochondrial metabolism (i.e., "survival of the slowest"). Overall, our results provide compelling evidence for positive selection acting on some somatic mtDNA mutations.
Collapse
|
106
|
Picklo MJ, Thyfault JP. Vitamin E and vitamin C do not reduce insulin sensitivity but inhibit mitochondrial protein expression in exercising obese rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2014; 40:343-52. [PMID: 25761734 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Controversy exists as to whether supplementation with the antioxidants vitamin E and vitamin C blocks adaptation to exercise. Exercise is a first-line means to treat obesity and its complications. While diet-induced obesity alters mitochondrial function and induces insulin resistance (IR), no data exist as to whether supplementation with vitamin E and vitamin C modify responses to exercise in pre-existing obesity. We tested the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with vitamin E (0.4 g α-tocopherol acetate/kg) and vitamin C (0.5 g/kg) blocks exercise-induced improvements on IR and mitochondrial content in obese rats maintained on a high-fat (45% fat energy (en)) diet. Diet-induced obese, sedentary rats had a 2-fold higher homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and larger insulin area under the curve following glucose tolerances test than rats fed a low-fat (10% fat en) diet. Exercising (12 weeks at 5 times per week in a motorized wheel) of obese rats normalized IR indices, an effect not modified by vitamin E and vitamin C. Vitamin E and vitamin C supplementation with exercise elevated mtDNA content in adipose and skeletal muscle to a greater extent (20%) than exercise alone in a depot-specific manner. On the other hand, vitamin C and vitamin E decreased exercise-induced increases in mitochondrial protein content for complex I (40%) and nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (35%) in a muscle-dependent manner. These data indicate that vitamin E and vitamin C supplementation in obese rodents does not modify exercise-induced improvements in insulin sensitivity but that changes in mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial protein expression may be modified by antioxidant supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Picklo
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, 2420 2nd Avenue North, Grand Forks, ND 58201, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
107
|
D'Erchia AM, Atlante A, Gadaleta G, Pavesi G, Chiara M, De Virgilio C, Manzari C, Mastropasqua F, Prazzoli GM, Picardi E, Gissi C, Horner D, Reyes A, Sbisà E, Tullo A, Pesole G. Tissue-specific mtDNA abundance from exome data and its correlation with mitochondrial transcription, mass and respiratory activity. Mitochondrion 2014; 20:13-21. [PMID: 25446395 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells contain a population of mitochondria, variable in number and shape, which in turn contain multiple copies of a tiny compact genome (mtDNA) whose expression and function is strictly coordinated with the nuclear one. mtDNA copy number varies between different cell or tissues types, both in response to overall metabolic and bioenergetics demands and as a consequence or cause of specific pathological conditions. Here we present a novel and reliable methodology to assess the effective mtDNA copy number per diploid genome by investigating off-target reads obtained by whole-exome sequencing (WES) experiments. We also investigate whether and how mtDNA copy number correlates with mitochondrial mass, respiratory activity and expression levels. Analyzing six different tissues from three age- and sex-matched human individuals, we found a highly significant linear correlation between mtDNA copy number estimated by qPCR and the frequency of mtDNA off target WES reads. Furthermore, mtDNA copy number showed highly significant correlation with mitochondrial gene expression levels as measured by RNA-Seq as well as with mitochondrial mass and respiratory activity. Our methodology makes thus feasible, at a large scale, the investigation of mtDNA copy number in diverse cell-types, tissues and pathological conditions or in response to specific treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria D'Erchia
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Anna Atlante
- Istituto di Biomembrane e Bioenergetica, CNR, via Amendola 165/A, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Gemma Gadaleta
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Giulio Pavesi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Matteo Chiara
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Caterina De Virgilio
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Caterina Manzari
- Istituto di Biomembrane e Bioenergetica, CNR, via Amendola 165/A, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Francesca Mastropasqua
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Prazzoli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Ernesto Picardi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Carmela Gissi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - David Horner
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Aurelio Reyes
- Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Medical Research Council, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabetta Sbisà
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche- Sede di Bari, CNR, Via Amendola 122/D, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Apollonia Tullo
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche- Sede di Bari, CNR, Via Amendola 122/D, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Graziano Pesole
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, Bari 70126, Italy; Istituto di Biomembrane e Bioenergetica, CNR, via Amendola 165/A, Bari 70126, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
|
109
|
Riley LG, Menezes MJ, Rudinger-Thirion J, Duff R, de Lonlay P, Rotig A, Tchan MC, Davis M, Cooper ST, Christodoulou J. Phenotypic variability and identification of novel YARS2 mutations in YARS2 mitochondrial myopathy, lactic acidosis and sideroblastic anaemia. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2013; 8:193. [PMID: 24344687 PMCID: PMC3878580 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-8-193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in the mitochondrial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (YARS2) gene have previously been identified as a cause of the tissue specific mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC) disorder, Myopathy, Lactic Acidosis, Sideroblastic Anaemia (MLASA). In this study, a cohort of patients with a mitochondrial RC disorder for who anaemia was a feature, were screened for mutations in YARS2. Methods Twelve patients were screened for YARS2 mutations by Sanger sequencing. Clinical data were compared. Functional assays were performed to confirm the pathogenicity of the novel mutations and to investigate tissue specific effects. Results PathogenicYARS2 mutations were identified in three of twelve patients screened. Two patients were found to be homozygous for the previously reported p.Phe52Leu mutation, one severely and one mildly affected. These patients had different mtDNA haplogroups which may contribute to the observed phenotypic variability. A mildly affected patient was a compound heterozygote for two novel YARS2 mutations, p.Gly191Asp and p.Arg360X. The p.Gly191Asp mutation resulted in a 38-fold loss in YARS2 catalytic efficiency and the p.Arg360X mutation did not produce a stable protein. The p.Phe52Leu and p.Gly191Asp/p.Arg360X mutations resulted in more severe RC deficiency of complexes I, III and IV in muscle cells compared to fibroblasts, but had relatively normal YARS2 protein levels. The muscle-specific RC deficiency can be related to the increased requirement for RC complexes in muscle. There was also a failure of mtDNA proliferation upon myogenesis in patient cells which may compound the RC defect. Patient muscle had increased levels of PGC1-α and TFAM suggesting mitochondrial biogenesis was activated as a potential compensatory mechanism. Conclusion In this study we have identified novel YARS2 mutations and noted marked phenotypic variability among YARS2 MLASA patients, with phenotypes ranging from mild to lethal, and we suggest that the background mtDNA haplotype may be contributing to the phenotypic variability. These findings have implications for diagnosis and prognostication of the MLASA and related phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Christodoulou
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit, Kids Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead 2145, Sydney, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Horan MP, Cooper DN. The emergence of the mitochondrial genome as a partial regulator of nuclear function is providing new insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying age-related complex disease. Hum Genet 2013; 133:435-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-013-1402-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
111
|
Amadoro G, Corsetti V, Florenzano F, Atlante A, Ciotti MT, Mongiardi MP, Bussani R, Nicolin V, Nori SL, Campanella M, Calissano P. AD-linked, toxic NH2 human tau affects the quality control of mitochondria in neurons. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 62:489-507. [PMID: 24411077 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional as well as structural alterations in mitochondria size, shape and distribution are precipitating, early events in progression of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). We reported that a 20-22kDa NH2-tau fragment (aka NH2htau), mapping between 26 and 230 amino acids of the longest human tau isoform, is detected in cellular and animal AD models and is neurotoxic in hippocampal neurons. The NH2htau -but not the physiological full-length protein- interacts with Aβ at human AD synapses and cooperates with it in inhibiting the mitochondrial ANT-1-dependent ADP/ATP exchange. Here we show that the NH2htau also adversely affects the interplay between the mitochondria dynamics and their selective autophagic clearance. Fragmentation and perinuclear mislocalization of mitochondria with smaller size and density are early found in dying NH2htau-expressing neurons. The specific effect of NH2htau on quality control of mitochondria is accompanied by (i) net reduction in their mass in correlation with a general Parkin-mediated remodeling of membrane proteome; (ii) their extensive association with LC3 and LAMP1 autophagic markers; (iii) bioenergetic deficits and (iv) in vitro synaptic pathology. These results suggest that NH2htau can compromise the mitochondrial biology thereby contributing to AD synaptic deficits not only by ANT-1 inactivation but also, indirectly, by impairing the quality control mechanism of these organelles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Amadoro
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), CNR, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100-00133, Rome, Italy; European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64-65-00143, Rome, Italy.
| | - V Corsetti
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64-65-00143, Rome, Italy
| | - F Florenzano
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64-65-00143, Rome, Italy; Institute of Cellular Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), CNR, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64-65-00143, Rome, Italy
| | - A Atlante
- Insitute of Biomembrane and Bioenergetic (IBBE), CNR, Via Amendola 165/A-70126, Bari, Italy
| | - M T Ciotti
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), CNR, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64-65-00143, Rome, Italy
| | - M P Mongiardi
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), CNR, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64-65-00143, Rome, Italy
| | - R Bussani
- UCO Anatomy and Pathological Histology, Hospital of Cattinara, Strada di Fiume 447-34149, Trieste Italy
| | - V Nicolin
- University of Trieste, Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science-section of Human Morphology, Via Manzoni 16-34138, Trieste, Italy
| | - S L Nori
- University of Salerno, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (FARMABIOMED), NANOMATES, Via Ponte don Melillo 1-85084, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - M Campanella
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64-65-00143, Rome, Italy; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, and Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, Royal College Street, NW1 0TU, United Kingdom
| | - P Calissano
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64-65-00143, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Thomas AC, Jarman SN, Haman KH, Trites AW, Deagle BE. Improving accuracy of DNA diet estimates using food tissue control materials and an evaluation of proxies for digestion bias. Mol Ecol 2013; 23:3706-18. [PMID: 24102760 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ecologists are increasingly interested in quantifying consumer diets based on food DNA in dietary samples and high-throughput sequencing of marker genes. It is tempting to assume that food DNA sequence proportions recovered from diet samples are representative of consumer's diet proportions, despite the fact that captive feeding studies do not support that assumption. Here, we examine the idea of sequencing control materials of known composition along with dietary samples in order to correct for technical biases introduced during amplicon sequencing and biological biases such as variable gene copy number. Using the Ion Torrent PGM(©) , we sequenced prey DNA amplified from scats of captive harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) fed a constant diet including three fish species in known proportions. Alongside, we sequenced a prey tissue mix matching the seals' diet to generate tissue correction factors (TCFs). TCFs improved the diet estimates (based on sequence proportions) for all species and reduced the average estimate error from 28 ± 15% (uncorrected) to 14 ± 9% (TCF-corrected). The experimental design also allowed us to infer the magnitude of prey-specific digestion biases and calculate digestion correction factors (DCFs). The DCFs were compared with possible proxies for differential digestion (e.g. fish protein%, fish lipid%) revealing a strong relationship between the DCFs and percent lipid of the fish prey, suggesting prey-specific corrections based on lipid content would produce accurate diet estimates in this study system. These findings demonstrate the value of parallel sequencing of food tissue mixtures in diet studies and offer new directions for future research in quantitative DNA diet analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Austen C Thomas
- Marine Mammal Research Unit, Fisheries Centre, and Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
113
|
The Dependence Receptor TrkC Triggers Mitochondria-Dependent Apoptosis upon Cobra-1 Recruitment. Mol Cell 2013; 51:632-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
114
|
Tsuyama T, Kishikawa JI, Han YW, Harada Y, Tsubouchi A, Noji H, Kakizuka A, Yokoyama K, Uemura T, Imamura H. In vivo fluorescent adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) imaging of Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans by using a genetically encoded fluorescent ATP biosensor optimized for low temperatures. Anal Chem 2013; 85:7889-96. [PMID: 23875533 DOI: 10.1021/ac4015325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is the major energy currency of all living organisms. Despite its important functions, the spatiotemporal dynamics of ATP levels inside living multicellular organisms is unclear. In this study, we modified the genetically encoded Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based ATP biosensor ATeam to optimize its affinity at low temperatures. This new biosensor, AT1.03NL, detected ATP changes inside Drosophila S2 cells more sensitively than the original biosensor did, at 25 °C. By expressing AT1.03NL in Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans, we succeeded in imaging the in vivo ATP dynamics of these model animals at single-cell resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taiichi Tsuyama
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
115
|
Flachs P, Rossmeisl M, Kuda O, Kopecky J. Stimulation of mitochondrial oxidative capacity in white fat independent of UCP1: A key to lean phenotype. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:986-1003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
116
|
Zheng Y, Luo X, Zhu J, Zhang X, Zhu Y, Cheng H, Xia Z, Su N, Zhang N, Zhou J. Mitochondrial DNA 4977 bp deletion is a common phenomenon in hair and increases with age. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2013; 12:187-92. [PMID: 22938547 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2012.2480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is believed to be particularly susceptible to oxidative damage during aging, resulting in mtDNA point mutations, duplications, and deletions. Although mtDNA deletions have been reported in various human tissues, e.g., the brain, heart, and skeletal muscle, little is known about the occurrence in hair. Therefore, we screened for the presence of mtDNA 13162 bp, 10422 bp, 7663 bp, 7436 bp, 4989 bp, and 4977 bp deletions in 90 hair samples from subjects aged 5 days to 91 years by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and investigated the deletion load by TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR. We detected the mtDNA 4977 bp deletion in hair samples, but none of the other deletions that were screened for. The proportion of mtDNA 4977 deletion carriers was 98.3% (89/90) and the deletion loads increased from 0 to 1.436 ± 0.2086% of the total mtDNA with an exponential increase with age (r = 0.677, p < 0.05). These results suggest that mtDNA 4977 bp deletion is a common phenomenon in hair and increases with age. These findings expand our understanding of the tissue-specific distribution of mtDNA deletions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
117
|
Malik AN, Czajka A. Is mitochondrial DNA content a potential biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction? Mitochondrion 2012; 13:481-92. [PMID: 23085537 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2012.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is central to numerous diseases of oxidative stress. Changes in mitochondrial DNA (MtDNA) content, often measured as mitochondrial genome to nuclear genome ratio (Mt/N) using real time quantitative PCR, have been reported in a broad range of human diseases, such as diabetes and its complications, obesity, cancer, HIV complications, and ageing. We propose the hypothesis that MtDNA content in body fluids and tissues could be a biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction and review the evidence supporting this theory. Increased reactive oxygen species resulting from an external trigger such as hyperglycaemia or increased fat in conditions of oxidative stress could lead to enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, and increased Mt/N. Altered MtDNA levels may contribute to enhanced oxidative stress and inflammation and could play a pathogenic role in mitochondrial dysfunction and disease. Changes in Mt/N are detectable in circulating cells such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells and these could be used as surrogate to predict global changes in tissues and organs. We review a large number of studies reporting changes in MtDNA levels in body fluids such as circulating blood cells, cell free serum, saliva, sperm, and cerebrospinal fluid as well as in tumour and normal tissue samples. However, the data are often conflicting as the current methodology used to measure Mt/N can give false results because of one or more of the following reasons (1) use of mitochondrial primers which co-amplify nuclear pseudogenes (2) use of nuclear genes which are variable and/or duplicated in numerous locations (3) a dilution bias caused by the differing genome sizes of the mitochondrial and nuclear genome and (4) template preparation protocols which affect the yields of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Development of robust and reproducible methodology is needed to test the hypothesis that MtDNA content in body fluids is biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afshan N Malik
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, School of Medicine, King's college London, London, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
118
|
Popadin KY, Nikolaev SI, Junier T, Baranova M, Antonarakis SE. Purifying selection in mammalian mitochondrial protein-coding genes is highly effective and congruent with evolution of nuclear genes. Mol Biol Evol 2012; 30:347-55. [PMID: 22983951 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/mss219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian mitochondrial genomes differ from the nuclear genomes by maternal inheritance, absence of recombination, and higher mutation rate. All these differences decrease the effective population size of mitochondrial genome and make it more susceptible to accumulation of slightly deleterious mutations. It was hypothesized that mitochondrial genes, especially in species with low effective population size, irreversibly degrade leading to decrease of organismal fitness and even to extinction of species through the mutational meltdown. To interrogate this hypothesis, we compared the purifying selections acting on the representative set of mitochondrial (potentially degrading) and nuclear (potentially not degrading) protein-coding genes in species with different effective population size. For 21 mammalian species, we calculated the ratios of accumulation of slightly deleterious mutations approximated by Kn/Ks separately for mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. The 75% of variation in Kn/Ks is explained by two independent variables: type of a genome (mitochondrial or nuclear) and effective population size of species approximated by generation time. First, we observed that purifying selection is more effective in mitochondria than in the nucleus that implies strong evolutionary constraints of mitochondrial genome. Mitochondrial de novo nonsynonymous mutations have at least 5-fold more harmful effect when compared with nuclear. Second, Kn/Ks of mitochondrial and nuclear genomes is positively correlated with generation time of species, indicating relaxation of purifying selection with decrease of species-specific effective population size. Most importantly, the linear regression lines of mitochondrial and nuclear Kn/Ks's from generation times of species are parallel, indicating congruent relaxation of purifying selection in both genomes. Thus, our results reveal that the distribution of selection coefficients of de novo nonsynonymous mitochondrial mutations has a similar shape with the distribution of de novo nonsynonymous nuclear mutations, but its mean is five times smaller. The harmful effect of mitochondrial de novo nonsynonymous mutations triggers highly effective purifying selection, which maintains the fitness of the mammalian mitochondrial genome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Yu Popadin
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School and iGE3 Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
119
|
Lyubetsky VA, Zverkov OA, Pirogov SA, Rubanov LI, Seliverstov AV. Modeling RNA polymerase interaction in mitochondria of chordates. Biol Direct 2012; 7:26. [PMID: 22873568 PMCID: PMC3583402 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6150-7-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In previous work, we introduced a concept, a mathematical model and its computer realization that describe the interaction between bacterial and phage type RNA polymerases, protein factors, DNA and RNA secondary structures during transcription, including transcription initiation and termination. The model accurately reproduces changes of gene transcription level observed in polymerase sigma-subunit knockout and heat shock experiments in plant plastids. The corresponding computer program and a user guide are available at http://lab6.iitp.ru/en/rivals. Here we apply the model to the analysis of transcription and (partially) translation processes in the mitochondria of frog, rat and human. Notably, mitochondria possess only phage-type polymerases. We consider the entire mitochondrial genome so that our model allows RNA polymerases to complete more than one circle on the DNA strand. Results Our model of RNA polymerase interaction during transcription initiation and elongation accurately reproduces experimental data obtained for plastids. Moreover, it also reproduces evidence on bulk RNA concentrations and RNA half-lives in the mitochondria of frog, human with or without the MELAS mutation, and rat with normal (euthyroid) or hyposecretion of thyroid hormone (hypothyroid). The transcription characteristics predicted by the model include: (i) the fraction of polymerases terminating at a protein-dependent terminator in both directions (the terminator polarization), (ii) the binding intensities of the regulatory protein factor (mTERF) with the termination site and, (iii) the transcription initiation intensities (initiation frequencies) of all promoters in all five conditions (frog, healthy human, human with MELAS syndrome, healthy rat, and hypothyroid rat with aberrant mtDNA methylation). Using the model, absolute levels of all gene transcription can be inferred from an arbitrary array of the three transcription characteristics, whereas, for selected genes only relative RNA concentrations have been experimentally determined. Conversely, these characteristics and absolute transcription levels can be obtained using relative RNA concentrations and RNA half-lives known from various experimental studies. In this case, the “inverse problem” is solved with multi-objective optimization. Conclusions In this study, we demonstrate that our model accurately reproduces all relevant experimental data available for plant plastids, as well as the mitochondria of chordates. Using experimental data, the model is applied to estimate binding intensities of phage-type RNA polymerases to their promoters as well as predicting terminator characteristics, including polarization. In addition, one can predict characteristics of phage-type RNA polymerases and the transcription process that are difficult to measure directly, e.g., the association between the promoter’s nucleotide composition and the intensity of polymerase binding. To illustrate the application of our model in functional predictions, we propose a possible mechanism for MELAS syndrome development in human involving a decrease of Phe-tRNA, Val-tRNA and rRNA concentrations in the cell. In addition, we describe how changes in methylation patterns of the mTERF binding site and three promoters in hypothyroid rat correlate with changes in intensities of the mTERF binding and transcription initiations. Finally, we introduce an auxiliary model to describe the interaction between polysomal mRNA and ribonucleases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vassily A Lyubetsky
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Kharkevich Institute), 19 Bolshoy Karetny per, Moscow, 127994, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
120
|
Picardi E, Pesole G. Mitochondrial genomes gleaned from human whole-exome sequencing. Nat Methods 2012; 9:523-4. [PMID: 22669646 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.2029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
121
|
Gómez-Durán A, Pacheu-Grau D, Martínez-Romero I, López-Gallardo E, López-Pérez MJ, Montoya J, Ruiz-Pesini E. Oxidative phosphorylation differences between mitochondrial DNA haplogroups modify the risk of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012; 1822:1216-22. [PMID: 22561905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy is a maternally inherited optic atrophy caused by mitochondrial DNA point mutations. Previous epidemiological studies have shown that individuals from mitochondrial genetic backgrounds (haplogroups) J/Uk and H have a higher and a lower risk, respectively, of suffering this disorder. To analyze the bases of these associations at cellular and molecular levels, functional studies with cybrids provide high quality evidence. Cybrids from haplogroup J contain less mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) and synthesize a smaller amount of mitochondrial DNA-encoded polypeptides than those from haplogroup H. Haplogroup J cybrids also display lower oxygen consumption, mitochondrial inner membrane potential and total adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) levels. Moreover, mitochondrial DNA levels correlate with many parameters of the oxidative phosphorylation system. These results suggest that the mitochondrial DNA amount determines oxidative phosphorylation capacity and, along with other recently published observations, support the possibility that mitochondrial DNA levels may be responsible for the bias of the disorder toward males, for the incomplete penetrance of mutations causing Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy and for the association of the disease with particular mitochondrial DNA haplogroups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Gómez-Durán
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas En Red de Enfermedades Raras, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
122
|
Spinazzola A. Mitochondrial DNA mutations and depletion in pediatric medicine. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2011; 16:190-6. [PMID: 21652274 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are a group of diseases traditionally ascribed to defects of the respiratory chain, which is the only metabolic pathway in the cell that is under the control of the two separate genetic systems, the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) and the nuclear genome (nDNA). Therefore the genetic classification of the primary mitochondrial diseases distinguishes disorders due to mutations in mtDNA, which are sporadic or maternal inherited, from disorders due to mutations in nDNA, which are governed by the stricter rules of mendelian genetics. Pathological alterations of mtDNA fall into two main categories: primary mutations of mitochondrial DNA (point mutations and rearrangements) and mtDNA perturbation, due to mutations in nuclear genes whose products are involved in mtDNA maintenance or replication. This article will focus on the primary mitochondrial DNA mutations and mtDNA depletion syndromes related to neonatal-infant human pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Spinazzola
- MRC, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust, MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
| |
Collapse
|