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Denry I, Kuhn LT. Design and characterization of calcium phosphate ceramic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Dent Mater 2015; 32:43-53. [PMID: 26423007 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our goal is to review design strategies for the fabrication of calcium phosphate ceramic scaffolds (CPS), in light of their transient role in bone tissue engineering and associated requirements for effective bone regeneration. METHODS We examine the various design options available to meet mechanical and biological requirements of CPS and later focus on the importance of proper characterization of CPS in terms of architecture, mechanical properties and time-sensitive properties such as biodegradability. Finally, relationships between in vitro versus in vivo testing are addressed, with an attempt to highlight reliable performance predictors. RESULTS A combinatory design strategy should be used with CPS, taking into consideration 3D architecture, adequate surface chemistry and topography, all of which are needed to promote bone formation. CPS represent the media of choice for delivery of osteogenic factors and anti-infectives. Non-osteoblast mediated mineral deposition can confound in vitro osteogenesis testing of CPS and therefore the expression of a variety of proteins or genes including collagen type I, bone sialoprotein and osteocalcin should be confirmed in addition to increased mineral content. CONCLUSIONS CPS are a superior scaffold material for bone regeneration because they actively promote osteogenesis. Biodegradability of CPS via calcium and phosphate release represents a unique asset. Structural control of CPS at the macro, micro and nanoscale and their combination with cells and polymeric materials is likely to lead to significant developments in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Denry
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, 801 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242-1010, USA.
| | - Liisa T Kuhn
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, MC 1615, Farmington, CT 06030-1615, USA
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102
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Wang H, Lai YK, Zheng RY, Bian Y, Zhang KQ, Lin CJ. Tuning the surface microstructure of titanate coatings on titanium implants for enhancing bioactivity of implants. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:3887-96. [PMID: 26089665 PMCID: PMC4467738 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s75999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological performance of artificial implant materials is closely related to their surface characteristics, such as microtopography, and composition. Therefore, convenient fabrication of artificial implant materials with a cell-friendly surface structure and suitable composition was of great significance for current tissue engineering. In this work, titanate materials with a nanotubular structure were successfully fabricated through a simple chemical treatment. Immersion test in a simulated body fluid and in vitro cell culture were used to evaluate the biological performance of the treated samples. The results demonstrate that the titanate layer with a nanotubular structure on Ti substrates can promote the apatite-inducing ability remarkably and greatly enhance cellular responses. This highlights the potential of such titanate biomaterials with the special nanoscale structure and effective surface composition for biomedical applications such as bone implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China ; State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Kun Lai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru-Yue Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Bian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Jian Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
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103
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Bsat S, Yavari SA, Munsch M, Valstar ER, Zadpoor AA. Effect of Alkali-Acid-Heat Chemical Surface Treatment on Electron Beam Melted Porous Titanium and Its Apatite Forming Ability. MATERIALS 2015; 8:1612-1625. [PMID: 28788021 PMCID: PMC5507016 DOI: 10.3390/ma8041612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Advanced additive manufacturing techniques such as electron beam melting (EBM), can produce highly porous structures that resemble the mechanical properties and structure of native bone. However, for orthopaedic applications, such as joint prostheses or bone substitution, the surface must also be bio-functionalized to promote bone growth. In the current work, EBM porous Ti6Al4V alloy was exposed to an alkali acid heat (AlAcH) treatment to bio-functionalize the surface of the porous structure. Various molar concentrations (3, 5, 10M) and immersion times (6, 24 h) of the alkali treatment were used to determine optimal parameters. The apatite forming ability of the samples was evaluated using simulated body fluid (SBF) immersion testing. The micro-topography and surface chemistry of AlAcH treated samples were evaluated before and after SBF testing using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The AlAcH treatment successfully modified the topographical and chemical characteristics of EBM porous titanium surface creating nano-topographical features ranging from 200–300 nm in size with a titania layer ideal for apatite formation. After 1 and 3 week immersion in SBF, there was no Ca or P present on the surface of as manufactured porous titanium while both elements were present on all AlAcH treated samples except those exposed to 3M, 6 h alkali treatment. An increase in molar concentration and/or immersion time of alkali treatment resulted in an increase in the number of nano-topographical features per unit area as well as the amount of titania on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Bsat
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel by Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
- Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Saber Amin Yavari
- Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Maximilian Munsch
- Implantcast GmbH, Lueneburger Schanze 26, D-21614 Buxtehude, Germany.
| | - Edward R Valstar
- Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands.
- Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Amir A Zadpoor
- Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands.
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104
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Amin Yavari S, Chai YC, Böttger AJ, Wauthle R, Schrooten J, Weinans H, Zadpoor AA. Effects of anodizing parameters and heat treatment on nanotopographical features, bioactivity, and cell culture response of additively manufactured porous titanium. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 51:132-8. [PMID: 25842117 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Anodizing could be used for bio-functionalization of the surfaces of titanium alloys. In this study, we use anodizing for creating nanotubes on the surface of porous titanium alloy bone substitutes manufactured using selective laser melting. Different sets of anodizing parameters (voltage: 10 or 20V anodizing time: 30min to 3h) are used for anodizing porous titanium structures that were later heat treated at 500°C. The nanotopographical features are examined using electron microscopy while the bioactivity of anodized surfaces is measured using immersion tests in the simulated body fluid (SBF). Moreover, the effects of anodizing and heat treatment on the performance of one representative anodized porous titanium structures are evaluated using in vitro cell culture assays using human periosteum-derived cells (hPDCs). It has been shown that while anodizing with different anodizing parameters results in very different nanotopographical features, i.e. nanotubes in the range of 20 to 55nm, anodized surfaces have limited apatite-forming ability regardless of the applied anodizing parameters. The results of in vitro cell culture show that both anodizing, and thus generation of regular nanotopographical feature, and heat treatment improve the cell culture response of porous titanium. In particular, cell proliferation measured using metabolic activity and DNA content was improved for anodized and heat treated as well as for anodized but not heat-treated specimens. Heat treatment additionally improved the cell attachment of porous titanium surfaces and upregulated expression of osteogenic markers. Anodized but not heat-treated specimens showed some limited signs of upregulated expression of osteogenic markers. In conclusion, while varying the anodizing parameters creates different nanotube structure, it does not improve apatite-forming ability of porous titanium. However, both anodizing and heat treatment at 500°C improve the cell culture response of porous titanium.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Amin Yavari
- Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Y C Chai
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Bus 813, O&N1, Herestraat 49, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Bus 813, O&N1, Herestraat 49, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A J Böttger
- Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - R Wauthle
- KU Leuven, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Section Production Engineering, Machine Design and Automation (PMA), Celestijnenlaan 300B, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; 3D Systems - LayerWise NV, Grauwmeer 14, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Schrooten
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 - PB2450, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - H Weinans
- Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands; Department of Orthopedics and Dept. Rheumatology, UMC Utrecht, Heidelberglaan100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A A Zadpoor
- Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
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105
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Patel AK, Balani K. Dispersion fraction enhances cellular growth of carbon nanotube and aluminum oxide reinforced ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene biocomposites. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 46:504-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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106
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Li BE, Li Y, Min Y, Hao JZ, Liang CY, Li HP, Wang GC, Liu SM, Wang HS. Synergistic effects of hierarchical hybrid micro/nanostructures on the biological properties of titanium orthopaedic implants. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05821j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid micro/nanotopographic features are of crucial importance to the activity of osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. E. Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- China
| | - Y. Li
- Stomatological Hospital
- Tianjin Medical University
- Tianjin 300070
- China
| | - Y. Min
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- China
| | - J. Z. Hao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- China
| | - C. Y. Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- China
| | - H. P. Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- China
| | - G. C. Wang
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Laboratory CIC biomaGUNE
- Donostia-San Sebastian 20009
- Spain
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology
| | - S. M. Liu
- Department of Gem and Material Technique
- Tianjin University of Commerce
- Tianjin 300134
- China
| | - H. S. Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- China
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107
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Śmiga-Matuszowicz M, Janicki B, Jaszcz K, Łukaszczyk J, Kaczmarek M, Lesiak M, Sieroń AL, Simka W, Mierzwiński M, Kusz D. Novel bioactive polyester scaffolds prepared from unsaturated resins based on isosorbide and succinic acid. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 45:64-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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108
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Kao CT, Huang TH, Chen YJ, Hung CJ, Lin CC, Shie MY. Using calcium silicate to regulate the physicochemical and biological properties when using β-tricalcium phosphate as bone cement. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 43:126-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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109
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Lee J, Yun HS. Effect of hydroxyapatite-containing microspheres embedded into three-dimensional magnesium phosphate scaffolds on the controlled release of lysozyme and in vitro biodegradation. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:4177-89. [PMID: 25214782 PMCID: PMC4159369 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s68143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The functionality of porous three-dimensional (3D) magnesium phosphate (MgP) scaffold was investigated for the development of a novel protein delivery system and biomimetic bone tissue engineering scaffold. This enhancement can be achieved by incorporation of hydroxyapatite (HA)-containing polymeric microspheres (MSs) into a bulk MgP matrix, and a paste-extruding deposition (PED) system. In this work, the amount of MS and HA was precisely controlled when manufacturing MS-embedded MgP (MS/MgP) composite scaffolds. The main influence was researched in terms of in vitro lysozyme-release, in vitro biodegradation, mechanical properties, and in vitro calcification. The controlled release of lysozyme was indicated, while showing graded release patterns according to HA content. The composite scaffolds degraded gradually with MS content and degradation time. Due to the effect of HA inclusion, the higher HA-containing MS/MgP scaffolds could, not only delay the biodegradation process but also, compensate for the possible loss of mechanical properties. In this regard, it is reasonable to confirm the inverse relationship between biodegradation and corresponding compressive properties. In order to encourage bioactivity and osteoconductivity, the MS/MgP composite scaffolds were subjected to simulated body fluid treatment. Calcium deposition was, in turn, improved with increasing MS and HA content over time. This quantitative result was also proved using morphological and elemental analysis. In summary, a significant transformation of a monolithic MgP scaffold was directed toward a multifunctional bone tissue engineering scaffold equipped with controlled protein delivery, biodegradability, and bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongman Lee
- Powder and Ceramics Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-suk Yun
- Powder and Ceramics Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon, Republic of Korea
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