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Physical exercise induces hippocampal neurogenesis and prevents cognitive decline. Behav Brain Res 2016; 317:332-339. [PMID: 27702635 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence from animal and human research indicate that adult hippocampal neurogenesis plays a key role in cognition. Meanwhile, cognitive decline is well known to associate with ageing-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Therefore, prevention of hippocampal neurogenesis reduction should be critical for these diseases. Physical exercise, a potent enhancer of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, has emerged as a potential therapy or an adjunctive therapeutic strategy for cognitive decline. In this review, we discuss the recent findings on hippocampal neurogenesis and the incorporation of new born neurons into the neuronal network in humans and in rodents. By focusing on hippocampal neurogenesis, we illustrate the role and possible mechanisms of physical exercise in cognition preservation.
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102
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McAvoy KM, Scobie KN, Berger S, Russo C, Guo N, Decharatanachart P, Vega-Ramirez H, Miake-Lye S, Whalen M, Nelson M, Bergami M, Bartsch D, Hen R, Berninger B, Sahay A. Modulating Neuronal Competition Dynamics in the Dentate Gyrus to Rejuvenate Aging Memory Circuits. Neuron 2016; 91:1356-1373. [PMID: 27593178 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The neural circuit mechanisms underlying the integration and functions of adult-born dentate granule cell (DGCs) are poorly understood. Adult-born DGCs are thought to compete with mature DGCs for inputs to integrate. Transient genetic overexpression of a negative regulator of dendritic spines, Kruppel-like factor 9 (Klf9), in mature DGCs enhanced integration of adult-born DGCs and increased NSC activation. Reversal of Klf9 overexpression in mature DGCs restored spines and activity and reset neuronal competition dynamics and NSC activation, leaving the DG modified by a functionally integrated, expanded cohort of age-matched adult-born DGCs. Spine elimination by inducible deletion of Rac1 in mature DGCs increased survival of adult-born DGCs without affecting proliferation or DGC activity. Enhanced integration of adult-born DGCs transiently reorganized adult-born DGC local afferent connectivity and promoted global remapping in the DG. Rejuvenation of the DG by enhancing integration of adult-born DGCs in adulthood, middle age, and aging enhanced memory precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M McAvoy
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Kimberly N Scobie
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Stefan Berger
- Department of Molecular Biology, Central Institute of Mental Health and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Craig Russo
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Nannan Guo
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | | | - Hugo Vega-Ramirez
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Sam Miake-Lye
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Michael Whalen
- Neuroscience Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Mark Nelson
- Echelon Biosciences, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Matteo Bergami
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and University Hospital of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Dusan Bartsch
- Department of Molecular Biology, Central Institute of Mental Health and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rene Hen
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Benedikt Berninger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Amar Sahay
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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105
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Isla AG, Vázquez-Cuevas FG, Peña-Ortega F. Exercise Prevents Amyloid-β-Induced Hippocampal Network Disruption by Inhibiting GSK3β Activation. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 52:333-43. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-150352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo G. Isla
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | | | - Fernando Peña-Ortega
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
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106
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Kajimoto K, Valenzuela CF, Allan AM, Ge S, Gu Y, Cunningham LA. Prenatal alcohol exposure alters synaptic activity of adult hippocampal dentate granule cells under conditions of enriched environment. Hippocampus 2016; 26:1078-87. [PMID: 27009742 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) results in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), which is characterized by a wide range of cognitive and behavioral deficits that may be linked to impaired hippocampal function and adult neurogenesis. Preclinical studies in mouse models of FASD indicate that PAE markedly attenuates enrichment-mediated increases in the number of adult-generated hippocampal dentate granule cells (aDGCs), but whether synaptic activity is also affected has not been studied. Here, we utilized retroviral birth-dating coupled with whole cell patch electrophysiological recordings to assess the effects of PAE on enrichment-mediated changes in excitatory and inhibitory synaptic activity as a function of DGC age. We found that exposure to an enriched environment (EE) had no effect on baseline synaptic activity of 4- or 8-week-old aDGCs from control mice, but significantly enhanced the excitatory/inhibitory ratio of synaptic activity in 8-week-old aDGCs from PAE mice. In contrast, exposure to EE significantly enhanced the excitatory/inhibitory ratio of synaptic activity in older pre-existing DGCs situated in the outer dentate granule cell layer (i.e., those generated during embryonic development; dDGCs) in control mice, an effect that was blunted in PAE mice. These findings indicate distinct electrophysiological responses of hippocampal DGCs to behavioral challenge based on cellular ontogenetic age, and suggest that PAE disrupts EE-mediated changes in overall hippocampal network activity. These findings may have implications for future therapeutic targeting of hippocampal dentate circuitry in clinical FASD. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Kajimoto
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, New Mexico
| | - C Fernando Valenzuela
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, New Mexico
| | - Andrea M Allan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, New Mexico
| | - Shaoyu Ge
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, New Mexico.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, New Mexico.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Lee Anna Cunningham
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, New Mexico
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107
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Duzel E, van Praag H, Sendtner M. Can physical exercise in old age improve memory and hippocampal function? Brain 2016; 139:662-73. [PMID: 26912638 PMCID: PMC4766381 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise can convey a protective effect against cognitive decline in ageing and Alzheimer's disease. While the long-term health-promoting and protective effects of exercise are encouraging, it's potential to induce neuronal and vascular plasticity in the ageing brain is still poorly understood. It remains unclear whether exercise slows the trajectory of normal ageing by modifying vascular and metabolic risk factors and/or consistently boosts brain function by inducing structural and neurochemical changes in the hippocampus and related medial temporal lobe circuitry-brain areas that are important for learning and memory. Hence, it remains to be established to what extent exercise interventions in old age can improve brain plasticity above and beyond preservation of function. Existing data suggest that exercise trials aiming for improvement and preservation may require different outcome measures and that the balance between the two may depend on exercise intensity and duration, the presence of preclinical Alzheimer's disease pathology, vascular and metabolic risk factors and genetic variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Duzel
- 1 Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany 2 German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany 3 Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Henriette van Praag
- 4 Neuroplasticity and Behavior Unit, Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Michael Sendtner
- 5 Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 5, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
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