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Carrera I, Richter H, Beckmann K, Meier D, Dennler M, Kircher PR. Evaluation of intracranial neoplasia and noninfectious meningoencephalitis in dogs by use of short echo time, single voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3.0 Tesla. Am J Vet Res 2016; 77:452-62. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.77.5.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Evidencing different neurochemical profiles between thalamic nuclei using high resolution 2D-PRESS semi-LASER (1)H-MRSI at 7 T. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 29:491-501. [PMID: 27059982 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-016-0556-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To demonstrate that high resolution (1)H semi-LASER MRSI acquired at 7 T permits discrimination of metabolic patterns of different thalamic nuclei. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirteen right-handed healthy volunteers were explored at 7 T using a high-resolution 2D-semi-LASER (1)H-MRSI sequence to determine the relative levels of N-Acetyl Aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho) and creatine-phosphocreatine (Cr) in eight VOIs (volume <0.3 ml) centered on four different thalamic nuclei located on the Oxford thalamic connectivity atlas. Post-processing was done using the CSIAPO software. Chemical shift displacement of metabolites was evaluated on a phantom and correction factors were applied to in vivo data. RESULTS The global assessment (ANOVA p < 0.05) of the neurochemical profiles (NAA, Cho and Cr levels) with thalamic nuclei and hemispheres as factors showed a significant global effect (F = 11.98, p < 0.0001), with significant effect of nucleus type (p < 0.0001) and hemisphere (p < 0.0001). Post hoc analyses showed differences in neurochemical profiles between the left and the right hemisphere (p < 0.05), and differences in neurochemical profiles between nuclei within each hemisphere (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION For the first time, using high resolution 2D-PRESS semi-LASER (1)H-MRSI acquired at 7 T, we demonstrated that the neurochemical profiles were different between thalamic nuclei, and that these profiles were dependent on the brain hemisphere.
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Ford TC, Crewther DP. A Comprehensive Review of the (1)H-MRS Metabolite Spectrum in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:14. [PMID: 27013964 PMCID: PMC4783404 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies of neuropsychiatric behavior biomarkers across spectrum disorders are typically based on diagnosis, thus failing to account for the heterogeneity of multi-dimensional spectrum disorders such as autism (ASD). Control group trait phenotypes are also seldom reported. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) measures the abundance of neurochemicals such as neurotransmitters and metabolites and hence can probe disorder phenotypes at clinical and sub-clinical levels. This detailed review summarizes and critiques the current 1H-MRS research in ASD. The literature reports reduced N-acetylaspartate (NAA), glutamate and glutamine (Glx), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), creatine and choline, and increased glutamate for children with ASD. Adult studies are few and results are inconclusive. Overall, the literature has several limitations arising from differences in 1H-MRS methodology and sample demographics. We argue that more consistent methods and greater emphasis on phenotype studies will advance understanding of underlying cortical metabolite disturbance in ASD, and the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of ASD and other multi-dimensional psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talitha C Ford
- Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David P Crewther
- Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Dash C, Singla R, Garg K, Tandon V, Sharma BS. Hypothalamic chiasmatic tuberculoma mimicking glioma. Childs Nerv Syst 2016; 32:233-5. [PMID: 26661574 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-015-2972-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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ROLE OF YOGA IN ALIENATING THE MEMORY DECLINE AND FRONTAL LOBE METABOLITE CHANGES IN TYPE 2 DIABETES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 7:78-81. [PMID: 27390721 DOI: 10.7897/2277-4343.07116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent research studies have established the fact, that glycosylation is causing the memory decline and this is further supported by the alteration of brain metabolite concentrations in diabetes. The present study is hypothesized that yoga is having alienating ability of memory decline and alteration of frontal lobe metabolite concentrations, which are the result of glycosylation in type 2 diabetes. Five type 2 diabetic subjects of both the sex, aged between 35-55 years, who practiced yoga over a period of six months in a yoga institute, were recruited as test group. Age and sex matched five type 2 diabetic subjects were recruited as control group, both the group subjects are on oral hypoglycaemic agents. Glycosylated haemoglobin percentage was estimated with Bio-Rad instrument, frontal lobe metabolites were estimated with Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (H-MRS), memory was calculated with PGI-Memory Scale (PGIMS) that is a part of PGI-Battery of Brain Dysfunction (PGI-BBD), which is a neuropsychological battery. Mean glycosylated haemoglobin percentage and memory dysfunction rating in control and test group subjects are 6.9±0.4 & 7.8±1.84 (p=0.03), and 14±1& 6±1 (p=0.0001) respectively. Right and left frontal lobe N-Acetyl Aspartate (NAA) and Myoionositol (mI) concentrations were more or less similar in both the groups. Yoga is having a significant role in alienating the decline in memory caused by glycosylation in type 2 diabetes but not on the alteration of frontal lobe NAA and mI concentrations.
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Donadieu M, Le Fur Y, Lecocq A, Maudsley AA, Gherib S, Soulier E, Confort-Gouny S, Pariollaud F, Ranjeva MP, Pelletier J, Guye M, Zaaraoui W, Audoin B, Ranjeva JP. Metabolic voxel-based analysis of the complete human brain using fast 3D-MRSI: Proof of concept in multiple sclerosis. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 44:411-9. [PMID: 26756662 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To detect local metabolic abnormalities over the complete human brain in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, we used optimized fast volumic echo planar spectroscopic imaging (3D-EPSI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Weighted mean combination of two 3D-EPSI covering the whole brain acquired at 3T in AC-PC and AC-PC+15° axial planes was performed to obtain high-quality metabolite maps for five metabolites: N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), glutamate+glutamine (Glx), choline (Cho), myo-inositol (m-Ins), and creatine+phosphocreatine (tCr). After spatial normalization, maps from 19 patients suffering from relapsing-remitting MS were compared to 19 matched controls using statistical mapping analyses to determine the topography of metabolic abnormalities. Probabilistic white matter (WM) T2 lesion maps and gray matter (GM) atrophy maps were also generated. RESULTS Two-group analysis of variance (ANOVA) (SPM8, P < 0.005, false discovery rate [FDR]-corrected P < 0.05 at the cluster level with age and sex as confounding covariates) comparing patients and controls matched for age and sex showed clusters of abnormal metabolite levels with 1) decreased NAA (around -15%) and Glx (around 20%) predominantly in GM within prefrontal cortices, motor cortices, bilateral thalami, and mesial temporal cortices in line with neuronal/neuro-astrocytic dysfunction; 2) increased m-Ins (around + 20%) inside WM T2 lesions and in the normal-appearing WM of temporal-occipital lobes, suggesting glial activation. CONCLUSION We demonstrate the ability to noninvasively map over the complete brain-from vertex to cerebellum-with a validated sequence, the metabolic abnormalities associated with MS, for characterizing the topography of pathological processes affecting widespread areas of WM and GM and its functional impact. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:411-419.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Donadieu
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, Medical School of Marseille, Marseille, France.,AP-HM, CHU Timone, Pôle d'Imagerie, CEMEREM, Marseille, France
| | - Yann Le Fur
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, Medical School of Marseille, Marseille, France.,AP-HM, CHU Timone, Pôle d'Imagerie, CEMEREM, Marseille, France
| | - Angèle Lecocq
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, Medical School of Marseille, Marseille, France.,AP-HM, CHU Timone, Pôle d'Imagerie, CEMEREM, Marseille, France
| | - Andrew A Maudsley
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Department of Radiology, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Soraya Gherib
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, Medical School of Marseille, Marseille, France.,AP-HM, CHU Timone, Pôle d'Imagerie, CEMEREM, Marseille, France.,AP-HM, CHU Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Department of Neurology, Marseille, France
| | - Elisabeth Soulier
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, Medical School of Marseille, Marseille, France.,AP-HM, CHU Timone, Pôle d'Imagerie, CEMEREM, Marseille, France
| | - Sylviane Confort-Gouny
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, Medical School of Marseille, Marseille, France.,AP-HM, CHU Timone, Pôle d'Imagerie, CEMEREM, Marseille, France
| | - Fanelly Pariollaud
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, Medical School of Marseille, Marseille, France.,AP-HM, CHU Timone, Pôle d'Imagerie, CEMEREM, Marseille, France.,AP-HM, CHU Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Department of Neurology, Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Ranjeva
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, Medical School of Marseille, Marseille, France.,AP-HM, CHU Timone, Pôle d'Imagerie, CEMEREM, Marseille, France.,AP-HM, CHU Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Department of Neurology, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Pelletier
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, Medical School of Marseille, Marseille, France.,AP-HM, CHU Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Department of Neurology, Marseille, France
| | - Maxime Guye
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, Medical School of Marseille, Marseille, France.,AP-HM, CHU Timone, Pôle d'Imagerie, CEMEREM, Marseille, France
| | - Wafaa Zaaraoui
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, Medical School of Marseille, Marseille, France.,AP-HM, CHU Timone, Pôle d'Imagerie, CEMEREM, Marseille, France
| | - Bertrand Audoin
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, Medical School of Marseille, Marseille, France.,AP-HM, CHU Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Department of Neurology, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Ranjeva
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, Medical School of Marseille, Marseille, France
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The diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in differentiating high-from low-grade gliomas: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol 2015; 26:2670-84. [PMID: 26471274 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-015-4046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a powerful tool for preoperative grading of gliomas. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic performance of MRS in differentiating high-grade gliomas (HGGs) from low-grade gliomas (LGGs). METHODS PubMed and Embase databases were systematically searched for relevant studies of glioma grading assessed by MRS through 27 March 2015. Based on the data from eligible studies, pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio and areas under summary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC) of different metabolite ratios were obtained. RESULTS Thirty articles comprising a total sample size of 1228 patients were included in our meta-analysis. Quantitative synthesis of studies showed that the pooled sensitivity/specificity of Cho/Cr, Cho/NAA and NAA/Cr ratios was 0.75/0.60, 0.80/0.76 and 0.71/0.70, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) of the SROC was 0.83, 0.87 and 0.78, respectively. CONCLUSIONS MRS demonstrated moderate diagnostic performance in distinguishing HGGs from LGGs using tumoural metabolite ratios including Cho/Cr, Cho/NAA and NAA/Cr. Although there was no significant difference in AUC between Cho/Cr and Cho/NAA groups, Cho/NAA ratio showed higher sensitivity and specificity than Cho/Cr ratio and NAA/Cr ratio. We suggest that MRS should combine other advanced imaging techniques to improve diagnostic accuracy in differentiating HGGs from LGGs. KEY POINTS • MRS has moderate diagnostic performance in distinguishing HGGs from LGGs. • There is no significant difference in AUC between Cho/Cr and Cho/NAA ratios. • Cho/NAA ratio is superior to NAA/Cr ratio. • Cho/NAA ratio shows higher sensitivity and specificity than Cho/Cr and NAA/Cr ratios. • MRS should combine other advanced imaging techniques to improve diagnostic accuracy.
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Transdifferentiation-Induced Neural Stem Cells Promote Recovery of Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137211. [PMID: 26352672 PMCID: PMC4564190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) can be directly transdifferentiated from somatic cells. One potential clinical application of the iNSCs is for nerve regeneration. However, it is unknown whether iNSCs function in disease models. We produced transdifferentiated iNSCs by conditional overexpressing Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Mycin mouse embryonic fibroblasts. They expanded readily in vitro and expressed NSC mRNA profile and protein markers. These iNSCs differentiated into mature astrocytes, neurons and oligodendrocytes in vitro. Importantly, they reduced lesion size, promoted the recovery of motor and sensory function as well as metabolism status in middle cerebral artery stroke rats. These iNSCs secreted nerve growth factors, which was associated with observed protection of neurons from apoptosis. Furthermore, iNSCs migrated to and passed through the lesion in the cerebral cortex, where Tuj1+ neurons were detected. These findings have revealed the function of transdifferentiated iNSCs in vivo, and thus provide experimental evidence to support the development of personalized regenerative therapy for CNS diseases by using genetically engineered autologous somatic cells.
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Nagothu RS, Reddy YI, Rajagopalan A, Varma R. Right Dorsolateral Frontal Lobe N-Acetyl Aspartate and Myoinositol Concentration Estimation in Type 2 Diabetes with Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:CC16-9. [PMID: 26393123 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/14153.6234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, effects the central nervous system by altering the concentrations of brain metabolites like N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) and myoinositol (mI), which are indicators of neuronal integrity and glial cell damage respectively. Dorsolateral frontal lobe is associated with aspects of cognition especially right frontal lobe is involved in episodic memory retrieval, ninety percent of the diabetic cases are type 2 in nature globally and yoga is very effective in stabilizing the brain metabolites by bringing the blood glucose levels to near or within the physiological range in type 2 diabetes. AIM AND OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to observe the effects of yogasana and pranayama on glycosilated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and right dorsolateral frontal cortical NAA and mI concentration in type 2 diabetic subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS It's a case control study. Sixty eight type 2 diabetic subjects of both the sex, aged between 35-65 years are included in the study, subjects are divided in to test and control group 34 each. Test group subjects did the yogasana and pranayama for a period of 6 months, 6 days in a week, 45-60 minutes daily under the supervision of a qualified yoga teacher. Control group subjects are not on any specific exercise regimen. Both the group subjects are taking oral hypoglycaemic agents. HbA1c levels are measured using the Bio-Rad D-10™ haemoglobin A1c program and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is used in assessing the metabolite concentrations. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Analysis of data was done by using unpaired t-test. P-value for HbA1c level is <0.001, which is highly significant statistically. P-value for NAA was < 0.02 and for myoinositol was < 0.01, which are statistically significant. RESULTS HbA1c levels in control and test group subjects are 7.7 ± 1.84 and 6.02 ± 0.46 respectively. NAA concentrations in the right dorsolateral frontal lobe of control and test group are 1.44 ± 0.15 and 1.54 ± 0.19 respectively. The mI concentrations in the right dorsolateral frontal lobe of control and test group are 0.61 ± 0.22 and 0.47 ± 0.24 respectively. CONCLUSION Yogasana and pranayama minimized the neuronal and glial cellular damage in test group, which is evident by minimal changes in right dorsolateral frontal lobe NAA and mI levels in type 2 diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yogananda Indla Reddy
- Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, MediCiti Institute of Medical Sciences , Hyderabad, India
| | - Archana Rajagopalan
- Professor, Department of Physiology, Saveetha Medical college , Chennai, India
| | - Ravi Varma
- Professor, Department of Radiology, MediCiti Institute of Medical Sciences , Hyderabad, India
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Early brain magnetic resonance imaging can predict short and long-term outcomes after organophosphate poisoning in a rat model. Neurotoxicology 2015; 48:206-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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111
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Recent imaging advances in neurology. J Neurol 2015; 262:2182-94. [PMID: 25808503 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-015-7711-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the recent years, the application of neuroimaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) has considerably advanced the understanding of complex neurological disorders. PET is a powerful molecular imaging tool, which investigates the distribution and binding of radiochemicals attached to biologically relevant molecules; as such, this technique is able to give information on biochemistry and metabolism of the brain in health and disease. MRI uses high intensity magnetic fields and radiofrequency pulses to provide structural and functional information on tissues and organs in intact or diseased individuals, including the evaluation of white matter integrity, grey matter thickness and brain perfusion. The aim of this article is to review the most recent advances in neuroimaging research in common neurological disorders such as movement disorders, dementia, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury and multiple sclerosis, and to evaluate their contribution in the diagnosis and management of patients.
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112
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Glastonbury CM, Tihan T. Practical neuroimaging of central nervous system tumors for surgical pathologists. Surg Pathol Clin 2015; 8:1-26. [PMID: 25783819 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Imaging has established itself as an irreplaceable component of neuro-oncology, and provided much insight in all aspects of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Today, similar to some other medical specialties, such as bone and joint disorders, it is an integral part of the diagnosis of CNS tumors. This brief review highlights the critical elements of neuroimaging, especially of MRI, in the study and diagnosis of brain tumors, and considers some of the common entities for the diagnosis, of which a good understanding of imaging characteristics is extremely helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Glastonbury
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF School of Medicine, Room M551, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tarik Tihan
- Neuropathology Division, Department of Pathology, UCSF School of Medicine, UCSF Medical Center, Room M551, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0102, USA.
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Londoño AC, Mora CA. Nonconventional MRI biomarkers for in vivo monitoring of pathogenesis in multiple sclerosis. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2014; 1:e45. [PMID: 25419539 PMCID: PMC4239827 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To date, biomarkers based on nonconventional MRI have not been standardized for diagnosis and follow-up of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The sequential monitoring of pathogenesis in MS by imaging of the normal appearing brain tissue is an important research tool in understanding the early stages of MS. In this review, we focus on the importance of deciphering the physiopathogenesis of the disease cascade in vivo based on imaging biomarkers that allow a correlation with immunohistochemistry and molecular biology findings in order to provide earlier clinical diagnosis and better individualization of treatment and follow-up in patients with MS. Among the nonconventional imaging techniques available, we remark on the importance of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging because of its ability to assist in the simultaneous evaluation of different events in the pathogenesis of MS that cannot be determined by conventional MRI. Nonconventional MRI and the use of novel contrast agents are expected to elucidate the process of neuroinflammation and excitotoxicity in vivo that characterizes MS, thus leading to more specific neuroprotective and immunomodulatory therapies and reducing progression toward disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Londoño
- Neurological Institute of Colombia-INDEC and Link Diagnostico Digital (A.C.L.), Medellín, Colombia; and Department of Neurology (C.A.M.), Georgetown Multiple Sclerosis Center, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Carlos A Mora
- Neurological Institute of Colombia-INDEC and Link Diagnostico Digital (A.C.L.), Medellín, Colombia; and Department of Neurology (C.A.M.), Georgetown Multiple Sclerosis Center, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
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Stadler KL, Ober CP, Feeney DA, Jessen CR. Multivoxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of inflammatory and neoplastic lesions of the canine brain at 3.0 T. Am J Vet Res 2014; 75:982-9. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.75.11.982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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115
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116
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Umamaheswara Reddy V, Agrawal A, Murali Mohan K, Hegde KV. The puzzle of choline and lipid peak on spectroscopy. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrnm.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Fullwood LM, Griffiths D, Ashton K, Dawson T, Lea RW, Davis C, Bonnier F, Byrne HJ, Baker MJ. Effect of substrate choice and tissue type on tissue preparation for spectral histopathology by Raman microspectroscopy. Analyst 2014; 139:446-54. [PMID: 24308030 DOI: 10.1039/c3an01832f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is a non-destructive, non-invasive, rapid and economical technique which has the potential to be an excellent method for the diagnosis of cancer and understanding disease progression through retrospective studies of archived tissue samples. Historically, biobanks are generally comprised of formalin fixed paraffin preserved tissue and as a result these specimens are often used in spectroscopic research. Tissue in this state has to be dewaxed prior to Raman analysis to reduce paraffin contributions in the spectra. However, although the procedures are derived from histopathological clinical practice, the efficacy of the dewaxing procedures that are currently employed is questionable. Ineffective removal of paraffin results in corruption of the spectra and previous experiments have shown that the efficacy can depend on the dewaxing medium and processing time. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of commonly used spectroscopic substrates (CaF2, Spectrosil quartz and low-E slides) and the influence of different histological tissue types (normal, cancerous and metastatic) on tissue preparation and to assess their use for spectral histopathology. Results show that CaF2 followed by Spectrosil contribute the least to the spectral background. However, both substrates retain paraffin after dewaxing. Low-E substrates, which exhibit the most intense spectral background, do not retain wax and resulting spectra are not affected by paraffin peaks. We also show a disparity in paraffin retention depending upon the histological identity of the tissue with abnormal tissue retaining more paraffin than normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne M Fullwood
- Centre for Materials Science, Division of Chemistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK.
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Liso Navarro AA, Sikoglu EM, Heinze CR, Rogan RC, Russell VA, King JA, Moore CM. Effect of diet on brain metabolites and behavior in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Behav Brain Res 2014; 270:240-7. [PMID: 24855038 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous psychiatric disorder affecting 5-10% of children. One of the suggested mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of ADHD is insufficient energy supply to neurons. Here, we investigated the role of omega 3 fatty acids in altering neural energy metabolism and behavior of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), which is an animal model of ADHD. To this end, we employed Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) to evaluate changes in brain neurochemistry in the SHR following consumption of one of three experimental diets (starting PND 21): fish oil enriched (FOE), regular (RD) and animal fat enriched (AFE) diet. Behavioral tests were performed to evaluate differences in locomotor activity and risk-taking behavior (starting PND 44). Comparison of frontal lobe metabolites showed that increased amounts of omega 3 fatty acids decreased total Creatine levels (tCr), but did not change Glutamate (Glu), total N-Acetylaspartate (tNAA), Lactate (Lac), Choline (Cho) or Inositol (Ino) levels. Although behavior was not significantly affected by different diets, significant correlations were observed between brain metabolites and behavior in the open field and elevated plus maze. SHR with higher levels of brain tCr and Glu exhibited greater hyperactivity in a familiar environment. On the other hand, risk-taking exploration of the elevated plus maze's open arms correlated negatively with forebrain tNAA and Lac levels. These findings support the possible alteration in energy metabolites in ADHD, correlating with hyperactivity in the animal model. The data also suggest that omega 3 fatty acids alter brain energy and phospholipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana A Liso Navarro
- Center for Comparative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01604, USA; Office Médico-Pédagogique, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, 1 David Dufour, CP 50, 1211 Geneva 8, Switzerland
| | - Elif M Sikoglu
- Center for Comparative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01604, USA
| | - Cailin R Heinze
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA
| | - Ryan C Rogan
- Center for Comparative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01604, USA
| | - Vivienne A Russell
- Division of Physiology, School of Laboratory and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Jean A King
- Center for Comparative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01604, USA
| | - Constance M Moore
- Center for Comparative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01604, USA.
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Predicting grade of cerebral gliomas using Myo-inositol/Creatine ratio. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrnm.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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El-Salam M, Reda S, Lotfi S, Refaat T, El-Abd E. Imaging Techniques in Cancer Diagnosis. Cancer Biomark 2014:19-38. [DOI: 10.1201/b16389-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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