101
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Lu LZ, Zhou YZ, Zhang YQ, Ma YL, Zhou LX, Li L, Zhou ZZ, He TZ. Anthocyanin extracts from purple sweet potato by means of microwave baking and acidified electrolysed water and their antioxidation in vitro. Int J Food Sci Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2010.02271.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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102
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Lu J, Wu DM, Hu B, Zheng YL, Zhang ZF, Wang YJ. NGF-Dependent activation of TrkA pathway: A mechanism for the neuroprotective effect of troxerutin in D-galactose-treated mice. Brain Pathol 2010; 20:952-65. [PMID: 20456366 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2010.00397.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
D-galactose-(D-gal)-treated mouse, with cognitive impairment, has been used for neurotoxicity investigation and anti-neurotoxicity pharmacology research. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effect of troxerutin. The results showed that troxerutin improved behavioral performance in D-gal-treated mice by elevating Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutases (Cu, Zn-SOD) activity and decreasing reactive oxygen species levels. Furthermore, our results showed that troxerutin significantly promoted nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA expression which resulted in TrkA activation. On one hand, NGF/TrkA induced activation of Akt and ERK1/2, which led to neuronal survival; on the other hand, NGF/TrkA mediated CaMKII and CREB phosphorylation and increased PSD95 expression, which improved cognitive performance. However, the neuroprotective effect of troxerutin was blocked by treatment with K252a, an antagonist for TrkA. No neurotoxicity was observed in mice treated with K252a or troxerutin alone. In conclusion, administration of troxerutin to D-gal-injected mice attenuated cognitive impairment and brain oxidative stress through the activation of NGF/TrkA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Xuzhou Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China
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103
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Lu J, Wu DM, Hu B, Cheng W, Zheng YL, Zhang ZF, Ye Q, Fan SH, Shan Q, Wang YJ. Chronic administration of troxerutin protects mouse brain against d-galactose-induced impairment of cholinergic system. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2010; 93:157-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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104
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Truong VD, Deighton N, Thompson RT, McFeeters RF, Dean LO, Pecota KV, Yencho GC. Characterization of anthocyanins and anthocyanidins in purple-fleshed sweetpotatoes by HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:404-410. [PMID: 20017481 DOI: 10.1021/jf902799a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Purple-fleshed sweetpotatoes (PFSP) can be a healthy food choice for consumers and a potential source for natural food colorants. This study aimed to identify anthocyanins and anthocyanidins in PFSP, and to evaluate the effect of thermal processing on these polyphenolic compounds. Freeze-dried powder of raw and steamed samples of three PFSP varieties were extracted with acidified methanol using a Dionex ASE 200 accelerated solvent extractor. Seventeen anthocyanins were identified by HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS/MS for Stokes Purple and NC 415 varieties with five major compounds: cyanidin 3-caffeoylsophoroside-5-glucoside, peonidin 3-caffeoylsophoroside-5-glucoside, cyanidin 3-caffeoyl-p-hydroxybenzoylsophoroside-5-glucoside, peonidin 3-caffeoyl-p-hydroxybenzoyl-sophoroside-5-glucoside, and peonidin-caffeoyl-feruloylsophoroside-5-glucoside. Okinawa variety showed 12 pigments with 3 major peaks identified as cyanidin 3-caffeoylsophoroside-5-glucoside, cyanidin 3-(6'',6'''-dicaffeoylsophoroside)-5-glucoside and cyanidin 3-(6''-caffeoyl-6'''-feruloylsophoroside)-5-glucoside. Steam cooking had no significant effect on total anthocyanin content or the anthocyanin pigments. Cyanidin and peonidin, which were the major anthocyanidins in the acid hydrolyzed extracts, were well separated and quantified by HPLC with external standards. Cyanidin and peonidin, which contribute to the blue and red hues of PFSP, can be simply quantified by HPLC after acid hydrolysis of the anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Den Truong
- USDA-ARS, SAA, Food Science Research Unit, 322 Schaub Hall, Box 7624, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7624, USA.
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105
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Wang YJ, Zheng YL, Lu J, Chen GQ, Wang XH, Feng J, Ruan J, Sun X, Li CX, Sun QJ. Purple sweet potato color suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced acute inflammatory response in mouse brain. Neurochem Int 2009; 56:424-30. [PMID: 19941923 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2009.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The neuroprotective effects of purple sweet potato color (PSPC), which is natural anthocyanin food colors, have been investigated in mice treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In behavioral tests, oral administration of PSPC could significantly reverse the impairment of motor and exploration behavior induced by LPS in the open field tasks, and also improve learning and memory ability in step-through tests. Western blot analysis indicated that PSPC significantly suppressed LPS-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS) expression in mouse brain. PSPC also markedly decreased the overproduction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in LPS-stimulated mouse brain. Mechanistically, PSPC strongly inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) expression and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation. Taken together, these data suggest that PSPC may be useful for mitigating inflammatory brain diseases by the inhibition of proinflammatory molecule production, at least in part, through blocking ERK, JNK and NF-kappaB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Xuzhou Normal University, No 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
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106
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Purple sweet potato color ameliorates cognition deficits and attenuates oxidative damage and inflammation in aging mouse brain induced by d-galactose. J Biomed Biotechnol 2009; 2009:564737. [PMID: 19865488 PMCID: PMC2766785 DOI: 10.1155/2009/564737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2009] [Revised: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purple sweet potato color (PSPC), a naturally occurring anthocyanin, has a powerful antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo. This study explores whether PSPC has the neuroprotective effect on the aging mouse brain induced by D-galactose (D-gal). The mice administrated with PSPC (100 mg/kg.day, 4 weeks, from 9th week) via oral gavage showed significantly improved behavior performance in the open field and passive avoidance test compared with D-gal-treated mice (500 mg/kg.day, 8 weeks). We further investigate the mechanism involved in neuroprotective effects of PSPC on mouse brain. Interestingly, we found, PSPC decreased the expression level of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inhibited nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), increased the activity of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) and catalase (CAT), and reduced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), respectively. Our data suggested that PSPC attenuated D-gal-induced cognitive impairment partly via enhancing the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity.
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107
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Brain mitochondrial dysfunction in ovariectomized mice injected with D-galactose. Neurochem Res 2009; 35:399-404. [PMID: 19777345 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-009-0068-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies reveal that long-term exposure of ovariectomized rodents to D: -galactose results in pathophysiologic alterations associated with Alzheimer's disease. The current study was to address whether mitochondrial dysfunction was involved in the pathogenesis of this model. Ovariectomized mice were administered intraperitoneally with D: -galctose (100 mg/kg body weight) once a day for 8 weeks. Brain tissues from model mice showed decreases in reduced glutathione level, total antioxidative capabilities, total superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione peroxidase activity but an increase in malondialdehyde level, compared with those from sham-operated plus saline-injected mice. Activities of brain mitochondrial respiratory chain (complex I, II, III and IV) were reduced in model group. In contrast, ATP synthase (F(1)F(0)-ATPase) activity was not significantly different between the two groups. Moreover, electron microscopy identified ultrastructural impairments of hippocampal mitochondria in model mice. These results demonstrated that brain mitochondrial degeneration caused by oxidative stress participated in the etiology of ovarian hormone deprivation and D-galactose-induced neurodegeneration.
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108
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Lu J, Wu DM, Zheng YL, Hu B, Zhang ZF. Purple sweet potato color alleviates D-galactose-induced brain aging in old mice by promoting survival of neurons via PI3K pathway and inhibiting cytochrome C-mediated apoptosis. Brain Pathol 2009; 20:598-612. [PMID: 19863544 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2009.00339.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purple sweet potato color (PSPC), a class of naturally occurring anthocyanins, protects brain function against oxidative stress induced by D-galactose (D-gal) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Our data showed that PSPC enhanced open-field activity, decreased step-through latency, and improved spatial learning and memory ability in D-gal-treated old mice by decreasing advanced glycation end-products' (AGEs) formation and the AGE receptor (RAGE) expression, and by elevating Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) (Sigma-Aldrich) and catalase (CAT) expression and activity. Cleavage of caspase-3 and increased terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) nick-end-labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells in D-gal-treated old mice were inhibited by PSPC, which might be attributed to its antioxidant property. PSPC also suppressed the activation of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) and the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria that counteracted the onset of neuronal apoptosis in D-gal-treated old mice. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activation was required for PSPC to promote the neuronal survival accompanied with phosphorylation and activation of Akt and p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) by using PI3K inhibitor LY294002 (Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Beverly, MA, USA), implicating a neuronal survival mechanism. The present results suggest that neuronal survival promoted by PSPC may be a potentially effective method to enhance resistance of neurons to age-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Xuzhou Normal University, Xuzhou, China
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109
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Qiu F, Luo J, Yao S, Ma L, Kong L. Preparative isolation and purification of anthocyanins from purple sweet potato by high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:2146-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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110
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Viberg H. Neonatal ontogeny and neurotoxic effect of decabrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE 209) on levels of synaptophysin and tau. Int J Dev Neurosci 2009; 27:423-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2009.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Revised: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 05/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Viberg
- Department of Environmental ToxicologyUppsala UniversityNorbyvägen 18AS‐752 36UppsalaSweden
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111
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Detection of behavioral alterations and learning deficits in mice lacking synaptophysin. Neuroscience 2009; 162:234-43. [PMID: 19393300 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Revised: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 04/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The integral membrane protein synaptophysin is one of the most abundant polypeptide components of synaptic vesicles. It is not essential for neurotransmission despite its abundance but is believed to modulate the efficiency of the synaptic vesicle cycle. Detailed behavioral analyses were therefore performed on synaptophysin knockout mice to test whether synaptophysin affects higher brain functions. We find that these animals are more exploratory than their wild type counterparts examining novel objects more closely and intensely in an enriched open field arena. We also detect impairments in learning and memory, most notably reduced object novelty recognition and reduced spatial learning. These deficits are unlikely caused by impaired vision, since all electroretinographic parameters measured were indistinguishable from those in wild type controls although an inverse optomotor reaction was observed. Taken together, our observations demonstrate functional consequences of synaptophysin depletion in a living organism.
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112
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Viberg H. Exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers 203 and 206 during the neonatal brain growth spurt affects proteins important for normal neurodevelopment in mice. Toxicol Sci 2009; 109:306-11. [PMID: 19380496 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The period of rapid brain growth and development (BGS) is postnatal in mice and rats, spanning the first 3-4 weeks of life, reaching its peak around postnatal day 10, whereas in humans, the BGS is perinatal. CaMKII, GAP-43, synaptophysin, and tau play important roles during the BGS. One class of flame retardants, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), is present and increasing in the environment and in human milk. The only congener still in use, decabrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE 209), is thought to be debrominated into lower brominated congeners. In the present study, nona- and octabrominated PBDEs were examined. Neonatal mice were exposed to 21 mumol PBDE 203 or 206/kg bodyweight on postnatal day 10, and different brain regions were analyzed for CaMKII, GAP-43, synaptophysin, and tau, 24 h after exposure. The protein analysis showed that CaMKII and synaptophysin increased significantly in the hippocampus, but not in the cerebral cortex, after neonatal exposure to PBDE 203 or 206. Furthermore, there were no significant changes in the levels of GAP-43 and tau in the cerebral cortex or hippocampus after neonatal exposure to PBDE 203 or 206. This shows that PBDE 203 and 206 affect important proteins involved in normal maturation of the brain and strengthens our findings that highly brominated PBDEs cause developmental neurotoxicity. In addition, the increases in CaMKII and synaptophysin are the same changes seen after neonatal PBDE 209 exposure; supporting the suggestion that PBDE 209 must be metabolized, likely debrominated into lower brominated PBDEs, to exert its neurotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Viberg
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, S-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.
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113
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Li Q, Zhao H, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Pei X, Wang J, Cai M, Li Y. Long-term administration of green tea catechins prevents age-related spatial learning and memory decline in C57BL/6 J mice by regulating hippocampal cyclic amp-response element binding protein signaling cascade. Neuroscience 2009; 159:1208-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2008] [Revised: 01/12/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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114
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Chung HJ. Influence of Purple Sweet Potato Powder Addition on the Quality Characteristics and Oxidative Stability of Cookies. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2009.14.1.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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