101
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Lindenbergh-van der Plas M, Brakenhoff RH, Kuik DJ, Buijze M, Bloemena E, Snijders PJF, Leemans CR, Braakhuis BJM. Prognostic significance of truncating TP53 mutations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:3733-41. [PMID: 21467160 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE TP53 is a key gene in cellular homeostasis and is frequently mutated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). There is a variety of TP53 mutations, each with its own biological and clinical implication. Aim of the study was to assess the prognostic significance of TP53 mutations in HNSCCs and to identify the most relevant mutation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN TP53 mutation status was investigated in 141 consecutive HNSCCs treated by surgery with radiotherapy when indicated and with a known human papilloma virus status. The type of mutation was correlated with overall and progression-free survival in a multivariate two-sided Cox regression analysis with wild type as reference. RESULTS A TP53 mutation was found in 88 (62.4%) of the carcinomas and was not significantly associated with overall survival (HR = 1.65, P = 0.11). Patients with a mutation resulting in a truncated protein (n = 36, 25.5%) had a significantly worse overall survival (HR = 2.54, P = 0.008) and progression-free survival (HR = 2.65, P = 0.002). Four of these mutations were at a splice site, 13 were nonsense mutations (produces stop codon), and 19 were insertions or deletions resulting in a frameshift. After multivariate analysis, a truncating mutation remained a significant prognosticator. A missense (i.e., nontruncating) mutation did not influence prognosis. Other ways of classification (disruptive vs. nondisruptive, hotspot vs. nonhotspot, and DNA binding vs. non-DNA binding) were less discriminative. CONCLUSION In HNSCCs, a truncating TP53 mutation is associated with a poor prognosis. This patient group seems as a target population for adjuvant therapy with chemoradiation or viral vector-mediated TP53 gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon Lindenbergh-van der Plas
- Departments of Otolaryngology/Head-Neck Surgery, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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102
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de Freitas Cordeiro-Silva M, Oliveira ZFL, de Podestá JRV, Gouvea SA, Von Zeidler SV, Louro ID. Methylation analysis of cancer-related genes in non-neoplastic cells from patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 38:5435-41. [PMID: 21380558 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0698-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Early detection of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is important to reduce mortality rates and to help provide successful cancer treatment. Hypermethylation of CpG islands is a common epigenetic mechanism that leads to gene silencing in tumors and could be a useful biomarker in OSCC. Abnormal DNA hypermethylation can occur very early in cancer development and may be induced by exposure to environmental carcinogens. We set out to investigate the methylation status of cancer-related genes in normal oral exfoliated cells from OSCC patients and healthy volunteers, as well as possible associations with alcohol/tobacco exposure or specific tumor characteristics. The methylation status of CDKN2A (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A or p16), SFN (stratifin or 14-3-3 σ), EDNRB (endothelin receptor B) and RUNX3 (runt-related transcript factor-3) was evaluated by MSP (Methylation-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction) analysis in non-neoplastic oral epithelial cells from OSCC patients (n = 70) and cancer-free subjects (n = 41). Hypermethylation was observed in CDKN2A, EDNRB and SFN genes, whereas no methylation was found in the RUNX3 gene. CDKN2A hypermethylation occurred only in the OSCC group (5.7%) while SFN and EDNRB hypermethylation occurred in both groups. There was no association between hypermethylation and smoking, drinking habits or specific tumor characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa de Freitas Cordeiro-Silva
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468. Maruípe, Vitória, ES 29040-090, Brazil
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103
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Chien HT, Liao CT, Huang SF, Chen IH, Liu TY, Jou YS, Wang HM, Hsieh LL. Clinical significance of genome-wide minimally deleted regions in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2011; 50:358-69. [PMID: 21344537 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has the highest rate of increase among male cancers in Taiwan. An understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of this disease as well as the development of prognostic markers for the clinical management of this disease is very important. Thus, a systematic loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis was performed to define minimally deleted regions (MDRs) in 63 male OSCCs using 400 polymorphic microsatellite markers. For increasing reliability, genomic DNA was extracted from >90% tumor cells that had been purified by LCM, and only when a microsatellite marker provided LOH information in >30% of the OSCCs was there considered to be successful allelotyping. A correlation of the various MDRs with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis was carried out. In total, 32 MDRs were identified and ten were noted as novel. In addition, six MDRs were found to be associated with cigarette smoking. Among these markers, a loss of MDR c7r2 (7q32.2-q35) was significantly associated with poor disease-free survival (DFS) and ten MDRs were associated with allelic imbalance (AI) in tumors. Among the latter, a loss of MDR c14r1 (14q24.2-q32.12) and c11r1 (11q13.4-q25) had a synergistic effect on poor DFS and were able to reduce further the DFS rate in patients with MDR c7r2 loss. Taken together, the results generated in this study provide new insights that help with exploring the molecular mechanisms associated with OSCC tumorigenesis and cigarette smoking. They also should aid the development of potential prognostic markers for the clinical management of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huei-Tzu Chien
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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104
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Elias ST, Diniz J, Almeida RSS, Alvarenga N, Simeoni LA, Silveira D, Ferro E, Guerra ENS, Motoyama AB. Cytotoxic effect of tobacco extracts on human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell-line. Oral Oncol 2010; 46:869-73. [PMID: 20971678 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Revised: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a public health problem worldwide. Incidences of oral carcinomas are increasing in the last decades, and the developed countries are the most affected. Current therapeutic options for this type of cancer are aggressive and/or invasive, including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In addition, they have not yet translated into an improvement of life quality or expectancy to patients. In this scenario, new therapeutics are urgently needed and actively sought after. The goal of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of tobacco crude extract (TCE) and two fractions thereof in the human lineage of oral squamous cell carcinoma, OSCC-3. Exposure of human oral cancer cells to TCE-induced cell death and decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Of the fractions tested, one was able to induce significant cell death (over 50%) after 48 h treatment. DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activation indicated that the type of cell death induced by TCE and its fraction was apoptosis. Our results indicate that tobacco contains compounds that could be useful in inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. More specifically, because of the neutral chemical nature of the fraction capable of inducing apoptosis, we postulate that the putative compound responsible for the cell death is non-polar. Further investigation is needed to uncover its chemical nature and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia T Elias
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brazil
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105
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Jalouli J, Ibrahim SO, Mehrotra R, Jalouli MM, Sapkota D, Larsson PA, Hirsch JM. Prevalence of viral (HPV, EBV, HSV) infections in oral submucous fibrosis and oral cancer from India. Acta Otolaryngol 2010; 130:1306-11. [PMID: 20441534 DOI: 10.3109/00016481003782041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION There is a high prevalence of human papilloma viruses (HPV) in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and the etiologic implication of this finding warrants further studies. OBJECTIVE The prevalence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and OSMF is high in India, and the diseases are partly attributed to high consumption of betel quid containing areca nut and tobacco. This study investigated the prevalence of HPV, herpes simplex virus (HSV), and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) DNA in two groups of patients using betel quid with tobacco, those with OSMF (n = 12) and those with OSCC (n = 62). METHODS DNA was extracted from all the samples and viral genome was examined by PCR/DNA sequencing. HPV-positive samples were analyzed separately for the high-risk types HPV 16 and 18. RESULTS HPV DNA, HSV DNA, and EBV DNA were detected in 11 (91%), 1 (8%), and 3 (25%) of the 12 samples from patients with OSMF compared with 15 (24%), 3 (5%), and 18 (29%), respectively, from 62 patients with OSCC. HPV 16 and 18 DNA was detected in 8/12 (67%) in the OSMF group and 10/62 (16%) in the OSCC group. The difference between presence of HPV DNA in OSMF and OSCC groups was statistically significant, while the difference between HSV and EBV DNA content in OSMF and OSCC groups was insignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid Jalouli
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Uppsala University, Sweden
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106
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Rajkamal G, Suresh K, Sugunadevi G, Vijayaanand M, Rajalingam K. Evaluation of chemopreventive effects of Thymoquinone on cell surface glycoconjugates and cytokeratin expression during DMBA induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. BMB Rep 2010; 43:664-9. [DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2010.43.10.664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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107
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McCullough MJ, Prasad G, Farah CS. Oral mucosal malignancy and potentially malignant lesions: an update on the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis and management. Aust Dent J 2010; 55 Suppl 1:61-5. [PMID: 20553246 DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01200.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An oral examination for the assessment for malignant and potentially malignant oral mucosal lesions is routine in general dental practice. It may be uncommon for general dental practitioners to encounter oral cancer, with anecdotal reports suggesting that this occurs about once every 10 years in a busy general dental practice. However, potentially malignant oral mucosal lesions are relatively common, occurring in about 2.5% of the population. This update highlights the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis and management of these oral mucosal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J McCullough
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne.
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108
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Jou YJ, Lin CD, Lai CH, Chen CH, Kao JY, Chen SY, Tsai MH, Huang SH, Lin CW. Proteomic identification of salivary transferrin as a biomarker for early detection of oral cancer. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 681:41-8. [PMID: 21035601 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 09/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer has a low five-year survival rate. Early detection of oral cancer could reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with this disease. Saliva, which can be sampled non-invasively and is less complex than blood, is a good potential source of oral cancer biomarkers. Proteomic analysis of saliva from oral cancer patients and control subjects was performed to identify salivary biomarkers of early stage oral cancer in humans. The protein profile of pooled salivary samples from patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) or OSCC-free control subjects was analyzed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analyses. Potential biomarkers were verified by Western blotting and ELISA assays. Transferrin levels were elevated in the saliva of OSCC patients as determined using 2DE followed by MALDI-TOF MS and confirmed by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS, Western blotting and ELISA. The increase in salivary transferrin levels in OSCC patients strongly correlated with the size and stage of the tumor. The area under the receiver-operating characteristics curves showed that salivary transferrin-based ELISA was highly specific, sensitive and accurate for the early detection of oral cancer. We have identified salivary transferrin as a biomarker for the detection of early stage oral cancer. This finding provides a promising basis for the development of a non-invasive diagnostic test for early stage oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Jou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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109
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Reis PP, Tomenson M, Cervigne NK, Machado J, Jurisica I, Pintilie M, Sukhai MA, Perez-Ordonez B, Grénman R, Gilbert RW, Gullane PJ, Irish JC, Kamel-Reid S. Programmed cell death 4 loss increases tumor cell invasion and is regulated by miR-21 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:238. [PMID: 20831814 PMCID: PMC2949797 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor suppressor Programmed Cell Death 4 (PDCD4) has been found to be under-expressed in several cancers and associated with disease progression and metastasis. There are no current studies characterizing PDCD4 expression and its clinical relevance in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). Since nodal metastasis is a major prognostic factor in OSCC, we focused on determining whether PDCD4 under-expression was associated with patient nodal status and had functional relevance in OSCC invasion. We also examined PDCD4 regulation by microRNA 21 (miR-21) in OSCC. RESULTS PDCD4 mRNA expression levels were assessed in 50 OSCCs and 25 normal oral tissues. PDCD4 was under-expressed in 43/50 (86%) OSCCs, with significantly reduced mRNA levels in patients with nodal metastasis (p = 0.0027), and marginally associated with T3-T4 tumor stage (p = 0.054). PDCD4 protein expression was assessed, by immunohistochemistry (IHC), in 28/50 OSCCs and adjacent normal tissues; PDCD4 protein was absent/under-expressed in 25/28 (89%) OSCCs, and marginally associated with nodal metastasis (p = 0.059). A matrigel invasion assay showed that PDCD4 expression suppressed invasion, and siRNA-mediated PDCD4 loss was associated with increased invasive potential of oral carcinoma cells. Furthermore, we showed that miR-21 levels were increased in PDCD4-negative tumors, and that PDCD4 expression may be down-regulated in OSCC by direct binding of miR-21 to the 3'UTR PDCD4 mRNA. CONCLUSIONS Our data show an association between the loss of PDCD4 expression, tumorigenesis and invasion in OSCC, and also identify a mechanism of PDCD4 down-regulation by microRNA-21 in oral carcinoma. PDCD4 association with nodal metastasis and invasion suggests that PDCD4 may be a clinically relevant biomarker with prognostic value in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia P Reis
- Division of Applied Molecular Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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110
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Al-Swiahb JN, Chen CH, Chuang HC, Fang FM, Tasi HT, Chien CY. Clinical, pathological and molecular determinants in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Future Oncol 2010; 6:837-50. [PMID: 20465394 DOI: 10.2217/fon.10.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity (OCSCC) is the most frequently observed form of head-and-neck cancer in Southeast Asia and is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Most cases of this preventable disease are caused by alcohol consumption, smoking and betel nut chewing. The survival rates of patients with advanced OCSCC have not increased significantly in recent years. While treatments for OCSCC are similar worldwide, survival rates differ by geographical area. The various genetic profiles and individual genetic susceptibility for carcinogens may account for this discrepancy. In some respects, molecular alteration or accumulation affects tumor progression and the clinical outcomes among patients with OCSCC. Clarifying the tumor behavior of oral cancer, with regard to pathological features or molecular aspects, could help clinicians to judge, tailor and adopt more effective therapeutic strategies to treat oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamil N Al-Swiahb
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital - Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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111
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Demian N, Harris R, Abramovitch K, Wilson JW, Vigneswaran N. Malignant transformation of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor is associated with the loss of p53 transcriptional activity: a case report with review of the literature. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010; 68:1964-73. [PMID: 20542620 PMCID: PMC2906672 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2010.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Revised: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagi Demian
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The University of Texas Dental Branch at Houston
| | - R.J. Harris
- Junior Dental Student, The University of Texas Dental Branch at Houston, Texas
| | - Kenneth Abramovitch
- Associate Professor, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, The University of Texas Dental Branch at Houston, Texas
| | - James W. Wilson
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The University of Texas Dental Branch at Houston, Texas
| | - Nadarajah Vigneswaran
- Professor, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, The University of Texas Dental Branch at Houston, Texas
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112
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Martín-Ezquerra G, Salgado R, Toll A, Gilaberte M, Baró T, Alameda Quitllet F, Yébenes M, Solé F, Garcia-Muret M, Espinet B, Pujol R. Multiple genetic copy number alterations in oral squamous cell carcinoma: study of MYC
, TP53
, CCDN1, EGFR
and ERBB2
status in primary and metastatic tumours. Br J Dermatol 2010; 163:1028-35. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09947.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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113
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Lai CH, Chang NW, Lin CF, Lin CD, Lin YJ, Wan L, Sheu JJC, Chen SY, Huang YP, Sing YT, Tao TW, Lai CK, Tsai MH, Chan HL, Jou YJ, Lin CW. Proteomics-based identification of haptoglobin as a novel plasma biomarker in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 411:984-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Revised: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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114
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Tsai ST, Chien IH, Shen WH, Kuo YZ, Jin YT, Wong TY, Hsiao JR, Wang HP, Shih NY, Wu LW. ENO1, a potential prognostic head and neck cancer marker, promotes transformation partly via chemokine CCL20 induction. Eur J Cancer 2010; 46:1712-23. [PMID: 20435467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Revised: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The success of using glycolytic inhibitors for cancer treatment depends on studying the individual role of frequently deregulated glycolytic genes in cancer. This report aims to study the prognostic implication, and determine the cellular role and action mechanism of glycolytic ENO1 overexpression in head and neck cancer. The relationship of ENO1 mRNA expression in 44-pair clinical specimens with patient clinicopathologic characteristics was analysed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Cox model analyses. Following ectopic ENO1 expression or knockdown, we studied the proliferative, migratory, invasive, colony-forming and tumourigenic abilities of ENO1-genetically altered cells. DNA microarray analysis was used to identify downstream targets responsible for the ENO1 action in the cells. The expression of ENO1 mRNA was increased in 68% of tumour (T) specimens when compared to their normal (N) counterparts, and positively associated with clinical progression (p<0.05). High ENO1 expression (T/N2) was frequently observed in the patients with large primary tumours, late clinical stages or advanced neck metastasis. Moreover, high ENO1 patients had significantly poorer clinical outcomes than low expressers (T/N<2). Ectopic ENO1 expression stimulated cell transformation, invasion and tongue tumour formation. ENO1 knockdown abrogated the stimulation. Suppression of ENO1-induced proinflammatory CCL20 chemokine expression significantly attenuated its stimulatory effects on cell transformation and invasion. A concordant expression of ENO1 and CCL20 was validated both in ENO1-expressing cells and in clinical specimens. Together, we demonstrate a prognostic role of ENO1 overexpression in head and neck cancer and ENO1-mediated promotion of cell transformation and invasion partly via induced CCL20 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen-Tien Tsai
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 70428, Taiwan, ROC
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115
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El-Rouby DH. Association of macrophages with angiogenesis in oral verrucous and squamous cell carcinomas. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 39:559-64. [PMID: 20412402 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00879.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a major cellular component of human cancers, yet there is still no consensus as to their role in cancer growth and angiogenesis. METHODS The association between TAMs and angiogenesis was investigated in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival material of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral verrucous carcinoma (OVC). TAMs shown by immunohistochemistry for CD68 and microvessels demonstrated by immunohistochemistry for CD31 were quantified using an image analyzer computer system. RESULTS TAMs were observed in all studied specimens. The area percentage of CD68 immunoreactivity and microvessel density (MVD) were significantly lower in OVC compared with the different grades of OSCC (P = 0.0009), (P = 0.0045). Both parameters increased in high-grade malignancy of OSCC. Linear regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between the area percentage of CD68 immunoreactivity and the MVD in the studied tumors. CONCLUSIONS Increased TAMs is associated with angiogenesis and higher histopathological grades in oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia H El-Rouby
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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116
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Smith LA, Paszkiewicz GM, Hutson AD, Pauly JL. Inflammatory response of lung macrophages and epithelial cells to tobacco smoke: a literature review of ex vivo investigations. Immunol Res 2010; 46:94-126. [PMID: 20094822 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-009-8133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation contributes to the initiation and progression of tumors and tobacco smoke-associated inflammation is associated with malignant and certain non-neoplastic lung diseases. Reported herein are the results of an interpretative synthesis review of the literature assessing the inflammatory response of lung macrophages (MPhi) and epithelial cells to tobacco smoke as measured ex vivo. Papers were retrieved using Boolean operations from PubMed and Scopus. Many writings reported the results of assays of human MPhi from fresh surgically excised human lung tissue, bronchoalveolar lavage, activated blood monocytes, long-term cell lines and MPhi from different laboratory animals. Some publications reported the findings of comparative studies of lung MPhi freshly isolated from the lungs of smokers and non-smokers. Other papers described the effect of tobacco smoke on lung epithelial cells. Most investigators quantified the response of the target cells to tobacco smoke by measuring the production of pro-inflammatory mediators; these included chemokines, cytokines, reactive oxygen species and enzymes. Investigators have reported conflicting observations of the response of human and animal MPhi and epithelial cells to tobacco smoke. The spectrum included papers describing robust production of various inflammatory mediators, significant reduction of a pro-inflammatory response to a known stimulant and overt cytotoxicity. This literature review documents that there exists no consensus, and no emerging trend line, of the reproducible effect(s) of cigarette smoke. This discrepancy reflects the absence of standardized protocols for collecting, processing and bioassaying the smoke, a highly complex aerosol, and identifies the need for establishing collaborative research schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Smith
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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117
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PAI-1 Regulates the Invasive Phenotype in Human Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2010; 2009:963209. [PMID: 20204159 PMCID: PMC2829771 DOI: 10.1155/2009/963209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of highly aggressive subtypes of human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) often reflects increased autocrine/paracrine TGF-beta synthesis and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification. Cooperative TGF-beta/EGFR signaling promotes cell migration and induces expression of both proteases and protease inhibitors that regulate stromal remodeling resulting in the acquisition of an invasive phenotype. In one physiologically relevant model of human cutaneous SCC progression, TGF-beta1+EGF stimulation increases the production of several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), among the most prominent of which is MMP-10-an MMP known to be elevated in SCC in situ. Activation of stromal plasminogen appears to be critical in triggering downstream MMP activity. Paradoxically, PAI-1, the major physiological inhibitor of plasmin generation, is also upregulated under these conditions and is an early event in progression of incipient epidermal SCC. One testable hypothesis proposes that TGF-beta1+EGF-dependent MMP-10 elevation directs focalized matrix remodeling events that promote epithelial cell plasticity and tissue invasion. Increased PAI-1 expression serves to temporally and spatially modulate plasmin-initiated pericellular proteolysis, further facilitating epithelial invasive potential. Defining the complex signaling and transcriptional mechanisms that maintain this delicate balance is critical to developing targeted therapeutics for the treatment of human cutaneous malignancies.
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118
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Pauly JL, Smith LA, Rickert MH, Hutson A, Paszkiewicz GM. Review: Is lung inflammation associated with microbes and microbial toxins in cigarette tobacco smoke? Immunol Res 2010; 46:127-36. [PMID: 19763893 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-009-8117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation that has been observed for malignant and non-neoplastic lung diseases of smokers has been attributed to the numerous and diverse particulate ('tar')-phase and gas-phase chemicals in mainstream smoke, most of which arise from the burning of tobacco. The primary cell-mediator of lung inflammation is the macrophage. Most probably, inflammation is promoted also from some of the more than 50 other cell types of the lung. Cured tobacco in diverse types of cigarettes is known to harbor a plethora of bacteria (Gram-positive and Gram-negative), fungi (mold, yeast), spores, and is rich in endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide). Reviewed herein are recent observations of the authors' team and other investigators that support the hypothesis that lung inflammation of long-term smokers may be attributed in part to tobacco-associated bacterial and fungal components that have been identified in tobacco and tobacco smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Pauly
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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119
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Gene hypermethylation in tumor tissue of advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Oral Oncol 2009; 45:1051-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2009.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Revised: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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120
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The adjunctive role of toluidine blue in detection of oral premalignant and malignant lesions. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2009; 17:79-87. [PMID: 19374030 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0b013e32832771da] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the literature on toluidine blue (TBlue) and to discuss the utility of TBlue in assessing and in clinical management of patients with oral mucosal lesions. The literature search was conducted using key word search including oral cancer, oral premalignant lesions, and TBlue and by selecting references from the articles reviewed. RECENT FINDINGS The findings of this review show that TBlue has utility as an adjunct in the detection of premalignant and malignant oral mucosal lesions and in identifying high-risk areas of lesions for biopsy in patients at increased risk of cancer when evaluated by experienced healthcare workers. SUMMARY TBlue positive lesions, whether histologically benign or with dysplasia, predict molecular change and behavior of oral premalignant lesions. TBlue may provide information regarding lesion margins, accelerate the decision to biopsy, guide biopsy site selection and treatment of oral premalignant and malignant lesions. These findings support the utility of TBlue as a clinical adjunct in assessment of oral mucosal lesions.
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121
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Chi LM, Lee CW, Chang KP, Hao SP, Lee HM, Liang Y, Hsueh C, Yu CJ, Lee IN, Chang YJ, Lee SY, Yeh YM, Chang YS, Chien KY, Yu JS. Enhanced interferon signaling pathway in oral cancer revealed by quantitative proteome analysis of microdissected specimens using 16O/18O labeling and integrated two-dimensional LC-ESI-MALDI tandem MS. Mol Cell Proteomics 2009; 8:1453-74. [PMID: 19297561 PMCID: PMC2709179 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m800460-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains one of the most common cancers worldwide, and the mortality rate of this disease has increased in recent years. No molecular markers are available to assist with the early detection and therapeutic evaluation of OSCC; thus, identification of differentially expressed proteins may assist with the detection of potential disease markers and shed light on the molecular mechanisms of OSCC pathogenesis. We performed a multidimensional (16)O/(18)O proteomics analysis using an integrated ESI-ion trap and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS system and a computational data analysis pipeline to identify proteins that are differentially expressed in microdissected OSCC tumor cells relative to adjacent non-tumor epithelia. We identified 1233 unique proteins in microdissected oral squamous epithelia obtained from three pairs of OSCC specimens with a false discovery rate of <3%. Among these, 977 proteins were quantified between tumor and non-tumor cells. Our data revealed 80 dysregulated proteins (53 up-regulated and 27 down-regulated) when a 2.5-fold change was used as the threshold. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analyses were performed to confirm the overexpression of 12 up-regulated proteins in OSCC tissues. When the biological roles of 80 differentially expressed proteins were assessed via MetaCore analysis, the interferon (IFN) signaling pathway emerged as one of the most significantly altered pathways in OSCC. As many as 20% (10 of 53) of the up-regulated proteins belonged to the IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) family, including ubiquitin cross-reactive protein (UCRP)/ISG15. Using head-and-neck cancer tissue microarrays, we determined that UCRP is overexpressed in the majority of cheek and tongue cancers and in several cases of larynx cancer. In addition, we found that IFN-beta stimulates UCRP expression in oral cancer cells and enhances their motility in vitro. Our findings shed new light on OSCC pathogenesis and provide a basis for the future development of novel biomarkers.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromatography, Liquid/methods
- Databases, Protein
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Interferons/metabolism
- Male
- Microdissection
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mouth Neoplasms/chemistry
- Mouth Neoplasms/metabolism
- Mouth Neoplasms/pathology
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Oxygen Isotopes/metabolism
- Proteome/analysis
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods
- Tissue Array Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang-Ming Chi
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center
- Departments of §Medical Research and Development
| | | | | | | | | | - Ying Liang
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center
| | - Chuen Hsueh
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center
- ‖Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Yu
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center
- **Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - I-Neng Lee
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center
| | | | | | - Yuan-Ming Yeh
- ‡‡Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University and
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center
- ‡‡Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University and
| | - Kun-Yi Chien
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center
- **Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Jau-Song Yu
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center
- **Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
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122
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The natural diterpenoid ovatodiolide induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human oral squamous cell carcinoma Ca9-22 cells. Life Sci 2009; 85:26-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Revised: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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123
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Lin CC, Chang MC, Chang HH, Wang TM, Tseng WY, Tai TF, Yeh HW, Yang TT, Hahn LJ, Jeng JH. Areca nut-induced micronuclei and cytokinesis failure in Chinese hamster ovary cells is related to reactive oxygen species production and actin filament deregulation. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2009; 50:367-374. [PMID: 19197989 DOI: 10.1002/em.20463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown a strong association between environmental exposure to betel quid (BQ) and oral cancer. Areca nut (AN), an ingredient of BQ, contains genotoxic and mutagenic compounds. In this study, we found that AN extract (ANE) inhibited the growth of Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and micronuclei (MN) frequency were significantly increased following ANE treatment in CHO-K1 cells. Addition of catalase markedly inhibited ANE-induced MN formation, indicating that ANE-induced genotoxicity was correlated with intracellular H(2)O(2). Incubation of CHO-K1 cells with ANE (400-800 microg/ml) for 24 hr caused G2/M arrest, and prolonged exposure to ANE (800 microg/ml) significantly induced cell death. Surprisingly, ANE itself caused cytokinesis failure and subsequent increase in binucleated cell formation. Coexposure to catalase (2,000 U/ml) and ANE (800 microg/ml) reduced the generation of binucleated cells, indicating that ANE-induced cytokinesis failure was associated with oxidative stress. Following prolonged exposure to ANE, an accumulation of hyperploid/aneuploid cells concomitant with bi-, micro- or multinucleated cells was found. In summary, our results demonstrate that ANE exposure to CHO-K1 cells caused increased MN frequency, G2/M arrest, cytokinesis failure, and an accumulation of hyperploid/aneuploid cells. These events are associated with an increase in intracellular H(2)O(2) level and actin filament disorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Chun Lin
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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124
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Association between human papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr virus infections in human oral carcinogenesis. Med Hypotheses 2009; 73:184-6. [PMID: 19361933 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Revised: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 02/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Infection by high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are very frequent in the adult human population, and have been associated with several human carcinomas, especially oral cancers. However, a small number of studies have examined the association between high-risk HPV and EBV in the progression of human oral cancers. Currently, the role of high-risk HPV and EBV co-infections in human oral cancers, particularly nasopharyngeal carcinomas, remain uncertain because of the limited number of investigations. This raises the question whether high-risk HPV and EBV co-infections play a significant role in the development of human nasopharyngeal carcinomas. In this paper, we propose the hypothesis that human oral normal epithelial cells, especially nasopharyngeal cells, are very susceptible to persistent HPV and EBV co-infections; therefore, high-risk HPV and EBV co-infections play an important role in the initiation of a neoplastic transformation of human oral epithelial cells. We believe that significant studies, using different cells and animal models as well as clinical samples, are necessary to answer these important questions.
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125
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Siebers TJH, Merkx MAW, Slootweg PJ, Melchers WJG, van Cleef P, de Wilde PCM. No high-risk HPV detected in SCC of the oral tongue in the absolute absence of tobacco and alcohol--a case study of seven patients. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008; 12:185-188. [PMID: 18762997 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-008-0131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the mobile tongue in the absence of tobacco and alcohol. The literature suggests that human papilloma virus (HPV) may be involved in the development of SCC of the head and neck, especially in non-smoking and non-drinking patients. In the oral cavity, however, the presence of the HPV genome has been reported with various percentages. This may be due to misclassification of the oropharyngeal tongue as oral cavity subsite and the use of various detection methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS Therefore, we evaluated the role of HPV in seven consecutive non-smoking and non-drinking patients (2003-2006) with a SCC located at the oral, mobile tongue using in situ hybridization and SPF(10)Line Blot 25 polymerase chain reaction assays. RESULTS No HPV was detected in these specimens. To further determine whether a relationship exists between HPV and SCC in the absence of tobacco and alcohol, subsequent studies at specific locations are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J H Siebers
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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126
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McCullough MJ, Farah CS. The role of alcohol in oral carcinogenesis with particular reference to alcohol-containing mouthwashes. Aust Dent J 2008; 53:302-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2008.00070.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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127
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Faratzis G, Tsiambas E, Rapidis AD, Machaira A, Xiromeritis K, Patsouris E. VEGF and ki 67 expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: An immunohistochemical and computerized image analysis study. Oral Oncol 2008; 45:584-8. [PMID: 18804402 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2008] [Revised: 07/31/2008] [Accepted: 08/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Over-expression of ki 67 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a frequent finding in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral mucosa. The expression of VEGF and ki 67 proteins was studied in a cohort of 87 patients with primary, previously untreated SCC of the tongue, using computerized image analysis (CIA) in order to determine the potential prognostic significance of these factors. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed with monoclonal anti-ki 67 (MIB 1) and anti-VEGF antibodies. A digital image analysis assay was applied for the evaluation of the results. Using CIA, VEGF over-expression was observed in 24/87 (27.5%) of the examined cases and this finding correlated to the stage of the disease (p=0.05). ki 67 was over-expressed in 49/87 (56.3%) of the cases and correlated to the size of the tumors (p=0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that there was no prognostic significance associating VEGF protein expression to survival status of the examined patients (p=0.77), whereas ki 67 over-expression was strongly correlated to poor prognosis (p=0.017). The size of the primary tumors was also strongly correlated to survival status of the patients (p=0.024), whereas stage of disease showed a borderline statistical significance (p=0.091).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Faratzis
- Department of Head and Neck/Maxillofacial Surgery, Greek Anticancer Institute, Saint Savvas Hospital, 171 Alexandras Avenue, 115 22 Athens, Greece
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128
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Bagan JV, Scully C. Recent advances in Oral Oncology 2007: epidemiology, aetiopathogenesis, diagnosis and prognostication. Oral Oncol 2008; 44:103-8. [PMID: 18252251 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2008.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a synopsis of the main papers on epidemiology, diagnosis and prognosis of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and head and neck SCC (HNSCC) published in 2007 in Oral Oncology - an international interdisciplinary journal which publishes high quality original research, clinical trials and review articles, and all other scientific articles relating to the aetiopathogenesis, epidemiology, prevention, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and management of patients with neoplasms in the head and neck, and orofacial disease in patients with malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose V Bagan
- Valencia University and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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129
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Parikh N, Nagarajan P, Sei-ichi M, Sinha S, Garrett-Sinha LA. Isolation and characterization of an immortalized oral keratinocyte cell line of mouse origin. Arch Oral Biol 2008; 53:1091-100. [PMID: 18721915 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2008.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Revised: 05/21/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish an oral epithelial cell line of mouse origin for molecular and biochemical assays. DESIGN Epithelial cells were isolated from the oral cavity of adult mice and established as a spontaneously immortalized cell line in culture, designated immortalized oral keratinocyte cells (IMOK cells). The cells were then characterized for growth characteristics, differentiation potential, karyotype, transfectability, susceptibility to viral infection and responses to siRNA. RESULTS The IMOK cells exhibit robust growth in both serum-containing and serum-free medium for at least 100 population doublings. IMOK cells have a near diploid karyotype, express keratinocyte marker proteins and can be induced to undergo differentiation by the addition of high levels of calcium to the medium. The differentiation process is characterized by morphological changes and by the induction of oral epithelium specific differentiation marker proteins such as K4 and K13. Transient transfection analyses reveal that IMOK cells are highly transfectable and that several promoters of epithelial cells are active in these cells. Moreover, upon differentiation with calcium, there is an up-regulation of differentiation-specific K4 and Elf5 promoter activity. Finally, we show that the oral keratinocytes are also amenable to infection with retroviruses and to siRNA-based knockdown of gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to establish an immortalized oral keratinocyte cell line of murine origin that can recapitulate the oral epithelium differentiation program and thus could serve as a useful tool for toxicological and molecular analyses of the oral tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Parikh
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
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130
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Xing F, Li S, Ge X, Wang C, Zeng H, Li D, Dong L. The inhibitory effect of a novel organoselenium compound BBSKE on the tongue cancer Tca8113 in vitro and in vivo. Oral Oncol 2008; 44:963-9. [PMID: 18282784 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2007.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2007] [Revised: 12/03/2007] [Accepted: 12/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-cancer effect of a novel organoselenium compound BBSKE (1,2-[bis(1,2-Benzisoselenazolone-3(2H)-ketone)]ethane, BBSKE, PCT: CN02/00412) on cell growth and apoptosis, focusing on the protein activity of Thioredoxin Reductase (TrxR) and Caspase-3, in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in vitro and in vivo. Oral squamous cancer cell line Tca8113 was treated with various concentrations of BBSKE. Growth and apoptosis as well as the protein activities were analyzed. Morphologic changes of Tca8113 cells after 24h treatment of BBSKE were determined by fluorescence microscopy. The increase of Caspase-3 activity and decrease of Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activity were also measured. BBSKE induced a significant cell growth inhibition and elicited typical apoptotic morphologic changes (chromatic condensation, nucleus fragmentation). This phenomenon was accompanied by a change in protein activity of Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and Caspase-3. The anti-cancer effect of BBSKE was then studied in well-established Tca8113 xenografts in nude mice. In those tumors, anti-cancer effects were observed and significantly higher than the controls. Together, these results indicate that BBSKE can inhibit tongue cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, and induce apoptosis in Tca8113 cell lines partially via inhibiting the activity of TrxR and promoting the activity of Caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Xing
- Peking University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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131
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Montaldo C, Mastinu A, Quartuccio M, Piras V, Denotti G, Pisano E, Orrù G. Detection and genotyping of human papillomavirus DNA in samples from healthy Sardinian patients: a preliminary study. J Oral Pathol Med 2007; 36:482-7. [PMID: 17686007 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2007.00556.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The human papillomavirus (HPV) is involved in the development of different benign and malignant lesions that include in particular squamous tumours of the cervix, skin and the respiratory tracts. In particular, the 'high risk' HPV type 16 (HPV 16) causes genito-rectal epithelial cancers and is suspected of causing epithelial cancers of the head and neck. To determine the presence and genotypes of HPV was determined in saliva samples from 164 subjects recruited from the Department of Surgery and Odontostomatological Sciences (University of Cagliari). For this study a sensitive seminested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to detect HPV-DNA; moreover in all positive samples, HPV genotyping was based on sequencing of the HPV genome L1 region. The results obtained with these patients (who were ethnically homogeneous), showed an interesting percentage of positive samples for HPV-DNA (30 samples out of 164-18.3%). Only two HPV genotypes have been identified in these patients, HPV 16 and HPV 31 with 76.7% and 23.3% of the positive specimens, respectively, both correlating with high carcinogenic risk. This preliminary result leads us to reflect on the presence of HPV in saliva, in particular in young asymptomatic subjects (15.38%), and its prognostic value for the possible incidence in Sardinia of oral carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Montaldo
- Surgery Department of Odontostomatological Sciences, Odontostomatology Section, O.B.L., University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
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Walsh JE, Lathers DMR, Chi AC, Gillespie MB, Day TA, Young MRI. Mechanisms of Tumor Growth and Metastasis in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2007; 8:227-38. [PMID: 17712533 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-007-0032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The formation and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is multisystemic and involves the immune system, vascularization, and dissemination. Immune involvement includes the subversion of anti-tumor defenses. Vascularization involves both angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Dissemination involves local tumor invasion as well as distant metastasis through processes including angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Current studies in the dysregulation of various processes, including genetic stability, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, immune regulation, and immune function, are opening opportunities for the development of targeted tumor therapies. The interrelationship of these processes in HNSCC development will be explored in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrett E Walsh
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, 109 Bee Street, Charleston, SC 29401-5799, USA
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