101
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Lee SA, Ding C. The dysfunctional placenta epigenome: causes and consequences. Epigenomics 2012; 4:561-9. [DOI: 10.2217/epi.12.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta is a fetal–maternal endocrine organ responsible for ensuring proper fetal development throughout pregnancy. Adverse insults to the intrauterine environment often lead to expression level changes in placental genes, many of which are epigenetically regulated by DNA methylation, histone modifications and ncRNA interference. These epigenetic alterations may cause placental dysfunction, resulting in offspring of low birthweight owing to adverse pregnancy complications such as intrauterine growth restriction. Numerous epidemiological studies have shown a strong correlation between low birthweight and increased risk of developing metabolic diseases and neurological imbalances in adulthood, and in subsequent generations, indicating that epigenetic regulation of gene expression can be propagated stably with long-term effects on health. This article provides an overview of the various environmental factors capable of inducing detrimental changes to the placental epigenome, as well as the corresponding mechanisms that prime the offspring for onset of disease later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue-Ann Lee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), Brenner Center for Molecular Medicine, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609
| | - Chunming Ding
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), Brenner Center for Molecular Medicine, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609
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102
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Wang Z, Lu Y, Han J. Peripheral blood microRNAs: A novel tool for diagnosing disease? Intractable Rare Dis Res 2012; 1:98-102. [PMID: 25343080 PMCID: PMC4204598 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2012.v1.3.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral blood microRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, noncoding small RNAs present in blood. Because of their size, abundance, tissue specificity, and relative stability in peripheral circulation, they offer great promise of becoming a novel noninvasive biomarker. However, the mechanism by which they are secreted, their biological function, and the reason for the existence of extracellular miRNAs are largely unclear. This article describes advances in the study of the mechanism of origin and biological function of extracellular miRNAs along with approaches adopted by research and questions that remain. This work also discusses the potential for peripheral blood miRNAs to serve as a diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Wang
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanqin Lu
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinxiang Han
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Jinxiang Han, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 18877 Jing-shi Road, Ji'nan, 250062, Shandong, China. E-mail:
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103
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Bianchi DW. From prenatal genomic diagnosis to fetal personalized medicine: progress and challenges. Nat Med 2012; 18:1041-51. [PMID: 22772565 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Thus far, the focus of personalized medicine has been the prevention and treatment of conditions that affect adults. Although advances in genetic technology have been applied more frequently to prenatal diagnosis than to fetal treatment, genetic and genomic information is beginning to influence pregnancy management. Recent developments in sequencing the fetal genome combined with progress in understanding fetal physiology using gene expression arrays indicate that we could have the technical capabilities to apply an individualized medicine approach to the fetus. Here I review recent advances in prenatal genetic diagnostics, the challenges associated with these new technologies and how the information derived from them can be used to advance fetal care. Historically, the goal of prenatal diagnosis has been to provide an informed choice to prospective parents. We are now at a point where that goal can and should be expanded to incorporate genetic, genomic and transcriptomic data to develop new approaches to fetal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana W Bianchi
- The Mother Infant Research Institute at Tufts Medical Center and the Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Floating Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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104
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Dicer-dependent miRNAs provide an endogenous restraint on cytotrophoblast proliferation. Placenta 2012; 33:581-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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105
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Gu H, Li H, Zhang L, Luan H, Huang T, Wang L, Fan Y, Zhang Y, Liu X, Wang W, Yuan Z. Diagnostic role of microRNA expression profile in the serum of pregnant women with fetuses with neural tube defects. J Neurochem 2012; 122:641-9. [PMID: 22642222 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07812.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of placental microRNAs (miRNAs) in maternal serum has opened up new possibilities for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis. However, the expression of miRNAs in the serum of pregnant women with fetuses with neural tube defects (NTDs) has not been characterized. In this article, we explored serum miRNAs as potential biomarkers in the serum of pregnant women with NTD fetuses. By using a miRNA microarray that covers 887 human miRNAs, we revealed 17 miRNAs with significant change in expression in serum of pregnant women with NTD fetuses and women with normal pregnancies. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis validated that the expression for six miRNAs (miR-142-3p, miR-144, miR-720, miR-575, miR-765, and miR-1182) was up-regulated and that for miR-1275 was down-regulated. To determine whether these miRNAs were related to pregnancy, we compared the miRNA levels in pre- and post-delivery maternal serum samples. Six of these miRNAs were rapidly reduced in post-delivery serum (p < 0.05). Moreover, by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of combining these six miRNAs was 0.803 (p < 0.001). Thus, we reveal six pregnancy-associated miRNAs that are deregulated in the serum of pregnant women with NTD fetuses and highlight the clinical potential of serum miRNAs as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognostication of fetal NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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106
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Vo T, Hardy DB. Molecular mechanisms underlying the fetal programming of adult disease. J Cell Commun Signal 2012; 6:139-53. [PMID: 22623025 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-012-0165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse events in utero can be critical in determining quality of life and overall health. It is estimated that up to 50 % of metabolic syndrome diseases can be linked to an adverse fetal environment. However, the mechanisms linking impaired fetal development to these adult diseases remain elusive. This review uncovers some of the molecular mechanisms underlying how normal physiology may be impaired in fetal and postnatal life due to maternal insults in pregnancy. By understanding the mechanisms, which include epigenetic, transcriptional, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), we also highlight how intervention in fetal and neonatal life may be able to prevent these diseases long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thin Vo
- The Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5C1
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107
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Ashur-Fabian O, Yerushalmi GM, Mazaki-Tovi S, Steinberg DM, Goldshtein I, Yackobovitch-Gavan M, Schiff E, Amariglio N, Rechavi G. Cell free expression of hif1α and p21 in maternal peripheral blood as a marker for preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37273. [PMID: 22615960 PMCID: PMC3353943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia, a severe unpredictable complication of pregnancy, occurs in 6% of pregnancies, usually in the second or third trimester. The specific etiology of preeclampsia remains unclear, although the pathophysiological hallmark of this condition appears to be an inadequate blood supply to the placenta. As a result of the impaired placental blood flow, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and consequential fetal oxidative stress may occur. Consistent with this view, pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia and IUGR are characterized by up-regulation of key transcriptional regulators of the hypoxic response including, hif1α and as well as p53 and its target genes. Recently, the presence of circulating cell-free fetal RNA has been documented in maternal plasma. We speculated that pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia and IUGR, will be associated with an abnormal expression of p53 and/or hif1α related genes in the maternal plasma. Maternal plasma from 113 singleton pregnancies (72 normal and 41 complicated pregnancies) and 19 twins (9 normal and 10 complicated pregnancies) were collected and cell free RNA was extracted. The expression of 18 genes was measured by one step real-time RT-PCR and was analyzed for prevalence of positive/negative expression levels. Results indicate that, among the genes examined, cell free plasma expressions of p21 and hif1α were more prevalent in pregnancies complicated by hypoxia and/or IUGR (p<0.001). To conclude, we present in this manuscript data to support the association between two possible surrogate markers of hypoxia and common complications of pregnancy. More work is needed in order to implement these findings in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osnat Ashur-Fabian
- Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
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108
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Zhao Z, Zhao Q, Warrick J, Lockwood CM, Woodworth A, Moley KH, Gronowski AM. Circulating microRNA miR-323-3p as a biomarker of ectopic pregnancy. Clin Chem 2012; 58:896-905. [PMID: 22395025 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2011.179283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and progesterone to identify patients with ectopic pregnancy (EP) has been shown to have poor clinical utility. Pregnancy-associated circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been proposed as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of pregnancy-associated complications. This proof-of-concept study examined the diagnostic accuracy of various miRNAs to detect EP in an emergency department (ED) setting. METHODS This study was a retrospective case-control analysis of 89 women who presented to the ED with vaginal bleeding and/or abdominal pain/cramping and received a diagnosis of viable intrauterine pregnancy (VIP), spontaneous abortion (SA), or EP. Serum hCG and progesterone concentrations were measured by immunoassays. The serum concentrations of miRNAs miR-323-3p, miR-517a, miR-519d, and miR-525-3p were measured with TaqMan real-time PCR. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the clinical utility of these biomarkers, both as single markers and as multimarker panels for EP. RESULTS Concentrations of serum hCG, progesterone, miR-517a, miR-519d, and miR-525-3p were significantly lower in EP and SA cases than in VIP cases (P < 0.01). In contrast, the concentration of miR-323-3p was significantly increased in EP cases, compared with SA and VIP cases (P < 0.01). As a single marker, miR-323-3p had the highest sensitivity of 37.0% (at a fixed specificity of 90%). In comparison, the combined panel of hCG, progesterone, and miR-323-3p yielded the highest sensitivity (77.8%, at a fixed specificity of 90%). A stepwise analysis that used hCG first, added progesterone, and then added miR-323-3p yielded a 96.3% sensitivity and a 72.6% specificity. CONCLUSIONS Pregnancy-associated miRNAs, especially miR-323-3p, added substantial diagnostic accuracy to a panel including hCG and progesterone for the diagnosis of EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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109
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YANG SHENG, LI HAILING, GE QINYU, GUO LI, CHEN FENG. Deregulated microRNA species in the plasma and placenta of patients with preeclampsia. Mol Med Rep 2012; 12:527-34. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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110
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Hromadnikova I, Kotlabova K, Doucha J, Dlouha K, Krofta L. Absolute and Relative Quantification of Placenta-Specific MicroRNAs in Maternal Circulation with Placental Insufficiency–Related Complications. J Mol Diagn 2012; 14:160-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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111
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Donker RB, Mouillet JF, Chu T, Hubel CA, Stolz DB, Morelli AE, Sadovsky Y. The expression profile of C19MC microRNAs in primary human trophoblast cells and exosomes. Mol Hum Reprod 2012; 18:417-24. [PMID: 22383544 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gas013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The largest gene cluster of human microRNAs (miRNAs), the chromosome 19 miRNA cluster (C19MC), is exclusively expressed in the placenta and in undifferentiated cells. The precise expression pattern and function of C19MC members are unknown. We sought to profile the relative expression of C19MC miRNAs in primary human trophoblast (PHT) cells and exosomes. Using high-throughput profiling, confirmed by PCR, we found that C19MC miRNAs are among the most abundant miRNAs in term human trophoblasts. Hypoxic stress selectively reduced miR-520c-3p expression at certain time-points with no effect on other C19MC miRNAs. Similarly, differentiation in vitro had a negligible effect on C19MC miRNAs. We found that C19MC miRNAs are the predominant miRNA species expressed in exosomes released from PHT, resembling the profile of trophoblastic cellular miRNA. Predictably, we detected the similar levels of circulating C19MC miRNAs in the serum of healthy pregnant women at term and in women with pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction. Our data define the relative expression levels of C19MC miRNAs in trophoblasts and exosomes, and suggest that C19MC miRNAs function in placental-maternal signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Donker
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 204 Craft Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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112
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Li H, Guo L, Wu Q, Lu J, Ge Q, Lu Z. A comprehensive survey of maternal plasma miRNAs expression profiles using high-throughput sequencing. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 413:568-76. [PMID: 22155343 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) had been shown as potential important regulators in pregnancy. Circulating miRNAs are considered as potentially useful non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of pregnancy-related disease and congenital disorders, but maternal peripheral blood miRNAs expression profile in pregnancy remains less investigated. We thus set out to investigate maternal plasma miRNAs expression profile using genome-wide sequencing. METHODS Maternal plasma miRNA expression profiles of different pregnancy stages were detected by SOLiD sequencing. We observed the expression level of the most abundant miRNAs in maternal plasma during pregnancy process. We examined functional relationships of targets of pregnancy-relative miRNAs by enrichment analyzing of signaling pathways. RESULTS 147 miRNAs were sequenced from maternal plasma in this study, among them, 90 types of miRNAs were found in all of the samples, while 136 miRNAs in the first trimester gestation, 108 in second trimester gestation, and 99 miRNAs in the third trimester gestation, respectively. The varieties and the expression level of maternal plasma miRNAs were changing during pregnancy. The expression level of miRNA cluster members was changing with the same trend during pregnancy. The function and functional relationship analysis of target genes of pregnancy-relative miRNAs showed that genetic disorder, immunological disease, cell signaling, cancer, and cell cycle were the enriched pathways. CONCLUSIONS Maternal plasma miRNA expression profiles are dynamically changing during pregnancy. The results of function analysis suggested that miRNAs may play an important role in regulating pregnancy process, which can help us understand the refine regulation mechanism in pregnancy. Moreover, the results of this present study may be the basis for a further study to find useful prenatal diagnosis biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University Nanjing, China.
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113
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Zhao R, Wu J, Jia W, Gong C, Yu F, Ren Z, Chen K, He J, Su F. Plasma miR-221 as a predictive biomarker for chemoresistance in breast cancer patients who previously received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 34:675-80. [PMID: 22156446 DOI: 10.1159/000334552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is increasingly being used in breast cancer treatment. Research has revealed an elevated expression of miR-221 in adriamycinresistant MCF-7/ADR cells. This study aimed to explore the potential role of miR-221 as a biomarker for chemosensitivity in breast cancer patients who previously received NAC. PATIENTS AND METHODS The expression levels of circulating miR-221 in the plasma of 93 breast cancer patients who previously received NAC and in 32 healthy individuals were assessed. The correlations between miR-221 and clinicopathological features and chemosensitivity were also analysed. RESULTS The expression level of miR-221 was significantly associated with hormone receptor (HR) status (p = 0.008). Patients with higher plasma miR-221 levels tended to be HR-negative. Patients with different miR-221 levels had significant differences in the overall response rate (p = 0.044) but not in the pathologic complete response rate (p = 0.477). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that plasma miR-221 may be a predictive biomarker for sensitivity to NAC in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sun-Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun-Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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114
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Kim SY, Romero R, Tarca AL, Bhatti G, Lee J, Chaiworapongsa T, Hassan SS, Kim CJ. miR-143 regulation of prostaglandin-endoperoxidase synthase 2 in the amnion: implications for human parturition at term. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24131. [PMID: 21915288 PMCID: PMC3168490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The human amnion plays a pivotal role in parturition. Two of its compartments, the placental amnion and the reflected amnion, have distinct transcriptome and are functionally coordinated for parturition. This study was conducted to determine the microRNA (miRNA) expression pattern and its significance in the placental amnion and the reflected amnion in association with labor at term. Methodology/Principal Findings MicroRNA microarray, real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), and miRNA in situ hybridization analyses of the placental amnion and the reflected amnion (n = 20) obtained at term were conducted. Luciferase assay, transfection, and qRT-PCR analyses of primary amnion epithelial cells (AECs) and amnion mesenchymal cells (AMCs) were performed. MicroRNA microarray analysis demonstrated differential expression of 32 miRNAs between the placental amnion and the reflected amnion after labor. Thirty-one (97%) miRNAs, which included miR-143 and miR-145, a cardiovascular-specific miRNA cluster, were down-regulated in the reflected amnion. Analyses of miR-143 and miR-145 by qRT-PCR confirmed microarray results, and further demonstrated their decreased expression in the reflected amnion with labor. Interestingly, expression of miR-143 and miR-145 was higher in AMCs than in AECs (p<0.05). Luciferase assay and transfection confirmed miR-143 binding to 3′ UTR of prostaglandin-endoperoxidase synthase 2 (PTGS2) mRNA and miR-143 regulation of PTGS2 in AMCs. Conclusions We report region-specific amniotic microRNAome and miR-143 regulation of PTGS2 in the context of human labor at term for the first time. The findings indicate that miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression machinery in the amnion plays an important role in the compartments (placental amnion vs reflected amnion) and in a cell type-specific manner (AECs vs AMCs) for parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Kim
- Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development/National Institutes of Health/Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development/National Institutes of Health/Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development/National Institutes of Health/Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development/National Institutes of Health/Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Adi L. Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development/National Institutes of Health/Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development/National Institutes of Health/Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Gaurav Bhatti
- Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development/National Institutes of Health/Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development/National Institutes of Health/Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - JoonHo Lee
- Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development/National Institutes of Health/Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development/National Institutes of Health/Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development/National Institutes of Health/Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development/National Institutes of Health/Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sonia S. Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development/National Institutes of Health/Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development/National Institutes of Health/Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Chong Jai Kim
- Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development/National Institutes of Health/Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development/National Institutes of Health/Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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115
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Maccani MA, Marsit CJ. Exposure and fetal growth-associated miRNA alterations in the human placenta. Clin Epigenetics 2011; 2:401-4. [PMID: 22704350 PMCID: PMC3365392 DOI: 10.1007/s13148-011-0046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers have begun to examine epigenetic alterations in the placenta, making key advances in understanding the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of the placenta that define underlying processes of human development and disease. Examining changes in microRNA (miRNA) expression associated with environmental exposures and fetal growth is providing critical insights into the biology of development, response to in utero exposure, and future disease risk assessment. This review aims to highlight previous studies describing changes in miRNA expression in the human placenta associated with in utero exposure and fetal growth and seeks to assess the future directions in this exciting field of research.
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116
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Morales-Prieto DM, Schleussner E, Markert UR. Reduction in miR-141 is Induced by Leukemia Inhibitory Factor and Inhibits Proliferation in Choriocarcinoma Cell Line JEG-3. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 66 Suppl 1:57-62. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2011.01037.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Longtine MS, Nelson DM. Placental dysfunction and fetal programming: the importance of placental size, shape, histopathology, and molecular composition. Semin Reprod Med 2011; 29:187-96. [PMID: 21710395 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1275515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Normal function of the placenta is pivotal for optimal fetal growth and development. Fetal programming commonly is associated with placental dysfunction that predisposes to obstetric complications and suboptimal fetal outcomes. We consider several clinical phenotypes for placental dysfunction that likely predispose to fetal programming. Some of these reflect abnormal development of the chorioallantoic placenta in size, shape, or histopathology. Others result when exogenous stressors in the maternal environment combine with maladaptation of the placental response to yield small placentas with limited reserve, as typical of early-onset intrauterine growth restriction and preeclampsia. Still others reflect epigenetic changes, including altered expression of imprinted genes, altered enzymatic activity, or altered efficiencies in nutrient transport. Although the human placenta is a transient organ that persists only 9 months, the effects of this organ on the offspring remain for a lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Longtine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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118
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Guo L, Yang Q, Lu J, Li H, Ge Q, Gu W, Bai Y, Lu Z. A comprehensive survey of miRNA repertoire and 3' addition events in the placentas of patients with pre-eclampsia from high-throughput sequencing. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21072. [PMID: 21731650 PMCID: PMC3120834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To gain insight into potential roles of isomiR spectrum and isomiRs with 3′ additions in pre-eclampsia, we performed a comprehensive survey of miRNA repertoire and 3′ addition events from placental samples with different degrees of pre-eclampsia by applying SOLiD sequencing platform. Principal Findings Over 30% isomiRs were detected with 3′ non-template additional nucleotides, especially for additional nucleotide of adenosine. However, these modified isomiRs showed a lower percentage of total miRNA expression (<15%). Generally, 1-3 abundant isomiRs from a given miRNA locus were identified, but none of them was detected with 3′ additions. Different miRNAs indicated various isomiR spectrums and expression patterns. The most abundant isomiR spectrum, isomiR profile and expression pattern always were stability, but herein we found several exceptions across samples, especially between normal and diseased samples. At isomiR level, we detected a distinct subset of differentially expressed modified isomiRs between normal and diseased samples or between mild and severe samples. Gene Ontology analysis of their experimentally validated target genes revealed enrichment for specific biological process categories. Conclusions The phenomenon of multiple isomiRs, especially for isomiRs with 3′ additions, is not a random event during pre-miRNA processing. Varieties of isomiRs and expression patterns reveal potential functional implication and should be taken into account. The study enriches association of miRNAs and human disease, including potential roles of various miRNA variants and 3′ addition events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (LG); (ZL)
| | - Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiafeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hailing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinyu Ge
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanjun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunfei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zuhong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (LG); (ZL)
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Maccani MA, Padbury JF, Marsit CJ. miR-16 and miR-21 expression in the placenta is associated with fetal growth. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21210. [PMID: 21698265 PMCID: PMC3115987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Novel research has suggested that altered miRNA expression in the placenta is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and with potentially harmful xenobiotic exposures. We hypothesized that aberrant expression of miRNA in the placenta is associated with fetal growth, a measurable phenotype resulting from a number of intrauterine factors, and one which is significantly predictive of later life outcomes. Methodology/Principal Findings We analyzed 107 primary, term, human placentas for expression of 6 miRNA reported to be expressed in the placenta and to regulate cell growth and development pathways: miR-16, miR-21, miR-93, miR-135b, miR-146a, and miR-182. The expression of miR-16 and miR-21 was markedly reduced in infants with the lowest birthweights (p<0.05). Logistic regression models suggested that low expression of miR-16 in the placenta predicts an over 4-fold increased odds of small for gestational age (SGA) status (p = 0.009, 95% CI = 1.42, 12.05). Moreover, having both low miR-16 and low miR-21 expression in the placenta predicts a greater increase in odds for SGA than having just low miR-16 or miR-21 expression (p<0.02), suggesting an additive effect of both of these miRNA. Conclusions/Significance Our study is one of the first to investigate placental miRNA expression profiles associated with birthweight and SGA status. Future research on miRNA whose expression is associated with in utero exposures and markers of fetal growth is essential for better understanding the epigenetic mechanisms underlying the developmental origins of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Maccani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - James F. Padbury
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Carmen J. Marsit
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Center for Environmental Health and Technology, Department of Community Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hawkins SM, Buchold GM, Matzuk MM. Minireview: The roles of small RNA pathways in reproductive medicine. Mol Endocrinol 2011; 25:1257-79. [PMID: 21546411 DOI: 10.1210/me.2011-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of small noncoding RNA, including P-element-induced wimpy testis-interacting RNA, small interfering RNA, and microRNA, has energized research in reproductive medicine. In the two decades since the identification of small RNA, first in Caenorhabditis elegans and then in other animals, scientists in many disciplines have made significant progress in elucidating their biology. A powerful battery of tools, including knockout mice and small RNA mimics and antagonists, has facilitated investigation into the functional roles and therapeutic potential of these small RNA pathways. Current data indicate that small RNA play significant roles in normal development and physiology and pathological conditions of the reproductive tracts of females and males. Biologically plausible mRNA targets for these microRNA are aggressively being discovered. The next phase of research will focus on elucidating the clinical utility of small RNA-selective agonists and antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Hawkins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Mouillet JF, Chu T, Sadovsky Y. Expression patterns of placental microRNAs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 91:737-43. [PMID: 21425434 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.20782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Among different types of small RNA molecules, distinct types of microRNAs (miRNAs) are expressed in many cell types, where they modulate RNA stability and translation, thus controlling virtually every aspect of tissue development, proliferation, differentiation, and function. Aberrant miRNA expression has been linked to discrete pathologic processes. As the placenta plays a pivotal role in governing fetal development, it is not surprising that the placenta expresses numerous types of miRNAs. Whereas many of these miRNAs are ubiquitously expressed, certain miRNA species are largely unique to the placenta. Research in the field of placental miRNAs is in its early phase, with most studies centering on cataloging placental miRNA species or examining differences in placental miRNA expression between placentas from normal pregnancies and those from pregnancies complicated by pathologies that are associated with placental dysfunction. Recent research endeavors ventured to assess the function of miRNAs in cultured placental trophoblasts, using in vitro conditions that model relevant pathophysiological processes. The impact of miRNA-mediated repression on the trophoblast transcriptome, particularly in response to genetic and environmental perturbations, remains largely unknown. Further in-depth studies are required to unravel the functional significance of miRNAs in molding placental robustness, which must constantly adapt to altered maternal physiologic status to sustain optimal support to the developing embryo. In this review, we summarize the current information about placental miRNAs expression, and the lingering challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Francois Mouillet
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 204 Craft Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Morales Prieto DM, Markert UR. MicroRNAs in pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 2011; 88:106-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 12/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Reid G, Kirschner MB, van Zandwijk N. Circulating microRNAs: Association with disease and potential use as biomarkers. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2010; 80:193-208. [PMID: 21145252 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of gene expression by microRNAs influences many cellular processes and has been implicated in the control of many (patho)physiological states. Recently, microRNAs have been detected in serum and plasma, and circulating microRNA profiles have now been associated with a range of different tumour types, diseases such as stroke and heart disease, as well as altered physiological states such as pregnancy. Here we review the disease-specific profiles of circulating microRNAs, and the methodologies used for their detection and quantification. We also discuss possible functions of circulating microRNAs and their potential as non-invasive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen Reid
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute (ADRI), Bernie Banton Centre, University of Sydney, Concord, Australia.
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