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Abstract
AbstractPsychiatric disorders are common and complex and their precise biological underpinnings remain elusive. Multiple epidemiological, molecular, genetic and gene expression studies suggest that immune system dysfunction may contribute to the risk for developing psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. However, the precise mechanisms by which inflammation-related events confer such risk are unclear. In this review, we examine the peripheral and central evidence for inflammation in psychiatric disorders and the potential molecular mechanisms implicated including inhibition of neurogenesis, apoptosis, the HPA-axis, the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and the interplay between the glutamatergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems.
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102
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Dedoni S, Olianas MC, Onali P. Interferon-β induces apoptosis in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells through activation of JAK-STAT signaling and down-regulation of PI3K/Akt pathway. J Neurochem 2010; 115:1421-33. [PMID: 21044071 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07046.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) are known to cause neuropsychiatric side effects, which have been proposed to be mediated by either peripheral actions or activation of glial cells. In the present study, we have investigated whether these cytokines could act directly on neuronal cells and regulate signaling pathways involved in cell death. In human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, type I IFNs rapidly stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) through type I IFN receptor. Prolonged exposure to IFN-β induced apoptotic cell death accompanied by cytochrome C release, cleavage of caspases 9, 7, 3 and poly-(ADP ribose) polymerase and DNA fragmentation. Janus kinase inhibition reduced IFN-β-stimulated TyK2 and STAT1 phosphorylation, STAT1 transcriptional activity, induction of double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) and caspase cleavage. PKR induction was associated with enhanced PKR activity and chemical inhibition of PKR reduced IFN-stimulated caspase activation. Moreover, long-term IFN-β treatment led to down-regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling and IFN-β-induced apoptosis was attenuated in cells expressing constitutively active Akt. Similarly, in mouse primary neurons IFN-β induced STAT phosphorylation, caspase 3 cleavage and inhibition of Akt signaling. Thus, type I IFNs can directly impair neuronal survival by regulating multiple signaling molecules promoting the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. This effect may contribute to the cytokine neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Dedoni
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Biochemical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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103
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Tu H, Xu C, Zhang W, Liu Q, Rondard P, Pin JP, Liu J. GABAB receptor activation protects neurons from apoptosis via IGF-1 receptor transactivation. J Neurosci 2010; 30:749-59. [PMID: 20071540 PMCID: PMC6633015 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2343-09.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Revised: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play key roles in cell-cell communication. Several studies revealed important synergisms between these two types of receptors, with some of the actions of either receptor being mediated through transactivation of the other. Among the large GPCR family, GABA(B) receptor is activated by the neurotransmitter GABA, and is expressed in most neurons where it mediates slow and prolonged inhibition of synaptic transmission. Here we show that this receptor is involved in the regulation of life and death decisions of cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). We show that specific activation of GABA(B) receptor can protect neurons from apoptosis through a mechanism that involves transactivation of the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R). Further work demonstrated that this cross talk was dependent on G(i/o)-protein, PLC, cytosolic Ca(2+), and FAK1 but independent of PKC, while IGF-1R-induced signaling involved Src kinase, PI3 kinase, and Akt activation. These results reveal a new function for this important GPCR and further highlight the importance of functional cross-talk networks between GPCRs and RTKs. Our results reveal GABA(B) receptor as a potential drug target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Tu
- Sino-France Laboratory for Drug Screening, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, Hubei, China, and
| | - Chanjuan Xu
- Sino-France Laboratory for Drug Screening, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, Hubei, China, and
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Sino-France Laboratory for Drug Screening, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, Hubei, China, and
| | - Qiuyao Liu
- Sino-France Laboratory for Drug Screening, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, Hubei, China, and
| | - Philippe Rondard
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Inserm, U661 and Université Montpellier 1, 2, Montpellier F-34000, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Inserm, U661 and Université Montpellier 1, 2, Montpellier F-34000, France
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Sino-France Laboratory for Drug Screening, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, Hubei, China, and
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104
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Cryan JF, Slattery DA. GABAB Receptors and Depression: Current Status. GABABRECEPTOR PHARMACOLOGY - A TRIBUTE TO NORMAN BOWERY 2010; 58:427-51. [DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3589(10)58016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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105
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Duman RS. Neuronal damage and protection in the pathophysiology and treatment of psychiatric illness: stress and depression. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2009. [PMID: 19877493 PMCID: PMC3181922 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2009.11.3/rsduman] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The discovery that stress and depression, as well as other psychiatric illnesses, are characterized by structural alterations, and that these changes result from atrophy and loss of neurons and glia in specific limbic regions and circuits, has contributed to a fundamental change in our understanding of these illnesses. These structural changes are accompanied by dysregulation of neuroprotective and neurotrophic signaling mechanisms that are required for the maturation, growth, and survival of neurons and glia. Conversely, behavioral and therapeutic interventions can reverse these structural alterations by stimulating neuroprotective and neurotrophic pathways and by blocking the damaging, excitotoxic, and inflammatory effects of stress. Lifetime exposure to cellular and environmental stressors and interactions with genetic factors contribute to individual susceptibility or resilience. This exciting area of research holds promise and potential for further elucidating the pathophysiology of psychiatric illness and for development of novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald S Duman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06508, USA.
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