101
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Cytoskeletal tension regulates mesodermal spatial organization and subsequent vascular fate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:8167-8172. [PMID: 30038020 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1808021115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphogenesis during human development relies on the interplay between physiochemical cues that are mediated in part by cellular density and cytoskeletal tension. Here, we interrogated these factors on vascular lineage specification during human-induced pluripotent stem-cell (hiPSC) fate decision. We found that independent of chemical cues, spatially presented physical cues induce the self-organization of Brachyury-positive mesodermal cells, in a RhoA/Rho-associated kinase (ROCK)-dependent manner. Using unbiased support vector machine (SVM) learning, we found that density alone is sufficient to predict mesodermal fate. Furthermore, the long-withstanding presentation of spatial confinement during hiPSC differentiation led to an organized vascular tissue, reminiscent of native blood vessels, a process dependent on cell density as found by SVM analysis. Collectively, these results show how tension and density relate to vascular identity mirroring early morphogenesis. We propose that such a system can be applied to study other aspects of the stem-cell niche and its role in embryonic patterning.
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102
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Ankam S, Teo BKK, Pohan G, Ho SWL, Lim CK, Yim EKF. Temporal Changes in Nucleus Morphology, Lamin A/C and Histone Methylation During Nanotopography-Induced Neuronal Differentiation of Stem Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:69. [PMID: 29904629 PMCID: PMC5990852 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell differentiation can be regulated by biophysical cues such as nanotopography. It involves sensing and integration of these biophysical cues into their transcriptome with a mechanism that is yet to be discovered. In addition to the cytoskeletal and focal adhesion remodeling, nanotopography has also been shown to modulate nucleus morphology. Here, we studied the effect of nanotopography on the temporal changes in nuclei of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Using a high throughput Multi-architecture (MARC) chip analysis, the circularity of the stem cell nuclei changed significantly on different patterns. Human ESCs and MSCs showed different temporal changes in nucleus morphology, lamin A/C expression and histone methylation during topography-induced neuronal differentiation. In hESCs, the expression of nuclear matrix protein, lamin A/C during neuronal differentiation of hESCs on PDMS samples were weakly detected in the first 7 days of differentiation. The histone 3 trimethylation on Lysine 9 (H3K9me3) decreased after differentiation initiated and showed temporal changes in their expression and organization during neuronal differentiation. In hMSCs, the expression of lamin A/C was significantly increased after the first 24 h of cell culture. The quantitative analysis of histone methylation also showed a significant increase in hMSCs histone methylation on 250 nm anisotropic nanogratings within the first 24 h of seeding. This reiterates the importance of cell-substrate sensing within the first 24 h for adult stem cells. The lamin A/C expression and histone methylation shows a correlation of epigenetic changes in early events of differentiation, giving an insight on how extracellular nanotopographical cues are transduced into nuclear biochemical signals. Collectively, these results provide more understanding into the nuclear regulation of the mechanotransduction of nanotopographical cues in stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soneela Ankam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin K K Teo
- Mechanobiology Institute Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Grace Pohan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Shawn W L Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Choon K Lim
- Mechanobiology Institute Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Evelyn K F Yim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Mechanobiology Institute Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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103
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Kundu B, Eltohamy M, Yadavalli VK, Reis RL, Kim HW. Template mediated protein self-assembly as a valuable tool in regenerative therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 13:044101. [PMID: 29489458 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aab2fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The assembly of natural proteinaceous biopolymers into macro-scale architectures is of great importance in synthetic biology, soft-material science and regenerative therapy. The self-assembly of protein tends to be limited due to anisotropic interactions among protein molecules, poor solubility and stability. Here, we introduce a unique platform to self-immobilize diverse proteins (fibrous and globular, positively and negatively charged, low and high molecular weight) using silicon surfaces with pendant -NH2 groups via a facile one step diffusion limited aggregation (DLA) method. All the experimental proteins (type I collagen, bovine serum albumin and cytochrome C) self-assemble into seaweed-like branched dendritic architectures via classical DLA in the absence of any electrolytes. The notable differences in branching architectures are due to dissimilarities in protein colloidal sub-units, which is typical for each protein type, along with the heterogeneous distribution of surface -NH2 groups. Fractal analysis of assembled structures is used to explain the underlying route of fractal deposition; which concludes how proteins with different functionality can yield similar assembly. Further, the nano-micro-structured surfaces can be used to provide functional topographical cues to study cellular responses, as demonstrated using rat bone marrow stem cells. The results indicate that the immobilization of proteins via DLA does not affect functionality, instead serving as topographical cues to guide cell morphology. This indicates a promising design strategy at the tissue-material interface and is anticipated to guide future surface modifications. A cost-effective standard templating strategy is therefore proposed for fundamental and applied particle aggregation studies, which can be used at multiple length scales for biomaterial design and surface reformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kundu
- 3B´s Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal. ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal. Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Republic of Korea
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104
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Graphene-Based Nanocomposites as Promising Options for Hard Tissue Regeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1078:103-117. [PMID: 30357620 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0950-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Tissues are often damaged by physical trauma, infection or tumors. A slight injury heals naturally through the normal healing process, while severe injury causes serious health implications. Therefore, many efforts have been devoted to treat and repair various tissue defects. Recently, tissue engineering approaches have attracted a rapidly growing interest in biomedical fields to promote and enhance healing and regeneration of large-scale tissue defects. On the other hand, with the recent advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology, various nanomaterials have been suggested as novel biomaterials. Graphene, a two-dimensional atomic layer of graphite, and its derivatives have recently been found to possess promoting effects on various types of cells. In addition, their unique properties, such as outstanding mechanical and biological properties, allow them to be a promising option for hard tissue regeneration. Herein, we summarized recent research advances in graphene-based nanocomposites for hard tissue regeneration, and highlighted their promising potentials in biomedical and tissue engineering.
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105
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Goetzke R, Franzen J, Ostrowska A, Vogt M, Blaeser A, Klein G, Rath B, Fischer H, Zenke M, Wagner W. Does soft really matter? Differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into mesenchymal stromal cells is not influenced by soft hydrogels. Biomaterials 2017; 156:147-158. [PMID: 29197223 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be differentiated toward mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), but this transition remains incomplete. It has been suggested that matrix elasticity directs cell-fate decisions. Therefore, we followed the hypothesis that differentiation of primary MSCs and generation of iPSC-derived MSCs (iMSCs) is supported by a soft matrix of human platelet lysate (hPL-gel). We demonstrate that this fibrin-based hydrogel supports growth of primary MSCs with pronounced deposition of extracellular matrix, albeit it hardly impacts on gene expression profiles or in vitro differentiation of MSCs. Furthermore, iPSCs can be effectively differentiated toward MSC-like cells on the hydrogel. Unexpectedly, this complex differentiation process is not affected by the substrate: iMSCs generated on tissue culture plastic (TCP) or hPL-gel have the same morphology, immunophenotype, differentiation potential, and gene expression profiles. Moreover, global DNA methylation patterns are essentially identical in iMSCs generated on TCP or hPL-gel, indicating that they are epigenetically alike. Taken together, hPL-gel provides a powerful matrix that supports growth and differentiation of primary MSCs and iMSCs - but this soft hydrogel does not impact on lineage-specific differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Goetzke
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Franzen
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alina Ostrowska
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Vogt
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research IZKF Aachen, RWTH Aachen, University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Blaeser
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gerd Klein
- Center for Medical Research, Department of Medicine II, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Björn Rath
- Department of Orthopedics, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Horst Fischer
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Zenke
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany; Institute for Biomedical Engineering - Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany; Institute for Biomedical Engineering - Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany.
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106
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Zhou Q, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Yu Z, Yuan H, Feng B, van Rijn P, Zhang Y. Alkali-Mediated Miscibility of Gelatin/Polycaprolactone for Electrospinning Homogeneous Composite Nanofibers for Tissue Scaffolding. Macromol Biosci 2017; 17. [PMID: 29068545 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Electrospun natural-synthetic composite nanofibers, which possess favorable biological and mechanical properties, have gained widespread attention in tissue engineering. However, the development of biomimetic nanofibers of hybrids remains a huge challenge due to phase separation of the polymer blends. Here, aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution is proposed to modulate the miscibility of a representative natural-synthetic hybrid of gelatin (GT) and polycaprolactone (PCL) for electrospinning homogeneous composite nanofibers. Alkali-doped GT/PCL solutions and nanofibers examined at macroscopic, microscopic, and internal molecular levels demonstrate appropriate miscibility of GT and PCL after introducing the alkali dopant. Particularly, homogeneous GT/PCL nanofibers with smooth surface and uniform diameter are obtained when aqueous NaOH solution with a concentration of 10 m is used. The fibers become more hydrophilic and possess improved mechanical properties both in dry and wet conditions. Moreover, biocompatibility experiments show that stem cells adhere to and proliferate better on the alkali-modified nanofibers than the untreated one. This study provides a facile and effective approach to solve the phase separation issue of the synthetic-natural hybrid GT/PCL and establishes a correlation of compositionally and morphologically homogeneous composite nanofibers with respect to cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering-FB40, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science-FB41, University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1,, 9713, AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Huilan Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Ya Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhepao Yu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Huihua Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.,School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Bei Feng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering-FB40, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science-FB41, University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1,, 9713, AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yanzhong Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, 310058, China
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