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Sut S, Faggian M, Baldan V, Poloniato G, Castagliuolo I, Grabnar I, Perissutti B, Brun P, Maggi F, Voinovich D, Peron G, Dall'Acqua S. Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) to Enhance Berberine Absorption: An In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Study. Molecules 2017; 22:E1921. [PMID: 29117131 PMCID: PMC6150298 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study results related to the in vivo administration of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES)-solubilized berberine are reported for the first time. NADES are mixtures of small natural compounds having a melting point significantly lower than that of any individual component. Such solvents have gained much attention of the scientific community in the green chemistry area, being considered useful alternatives to common organic solvents. NADES can be used also as administration vehicles, and this can be attractive for nutraceutical products when eutectics are formed with food grade ingredients. In this work, different NADES were prepared using mainly food grade constituents and were tested as solvents for the alkaloid berberine. Three selected NADES/berberine solutions and an aqueous suspension were orally administered to mice with in dose of 50 mg/Kg. Blood levels of berberine were measured by a LC-MS/MS method. The pharmacokinetic analysis revealed a 2-20 fold increase in blood concentration of NADES/berberine with significant changes in pharmacokinetic profile. Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents may thus be considered attractive solubilizing agents and may also play a role in the increase of absorption of poorly bioavailable natural products such as berberine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Sut
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Marta Faggian
- Unir&d, Nutraceutical lab, via Tommaseo, 35100 Padova, Italy.
| | - Valeria Baldan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Poloniato
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Ignazio Castagliuolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine University of Padova, via Gabelli, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Iztok Grabnar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva Cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Beatrice Perissutti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Paola Brun
- Department of Molecular Medicine University of Padova, via Gabelli, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino 1, I-62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Dario Voinovich
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Gregorio Peron
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35121 Padova, Italy.
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