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KAT5-mediated SOX4 acetylation orchestrates chromatin remodeling during myoblast differentiation. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1857. [PMID: 26291311 PMCID: PMC4558493 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factor SOX4 has been implicated in skeletal myoblast differentiation through the regulation of Cald1 gene expression; however, the detailed molecular mechanism underlying this process is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that SOX4 acetylation at lysine 95 by KAT5 (also known as Tip60) is essential for Cald1 promoter activity at the onset of C2C12 myoblast differentiation. KAT5 chromodomain was found to facilitate SOX4 recruitment to the Cald1 promoter, which is involved in chromatin remodeling at the promoter. Chromatin occupancy analysis of SOX4, KAT5, and HDAC1 indicated that the expression of putative SOX4 target genes during C2C12 myoblast differentiation is specifically regulated by the molecular switching of the co-activator KAT5 and the co-repressor HDAC1 on SOX4 transcriptional activation.
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Wu RC, Zeng Y, Pan IW, Wu MY. Androgen Receptor Coactivator ARID4B Is Required for the Function of Sertoli Cells in Spermatogenesis. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:1334-46. [PMID: 26258622 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in spermatogenesis, a process that produces spermatozoa inside seminiferous tubules of the testis, result in male infertility. Spermatogenic progression is highly dependent on a microenvironment provided by Sertoli cells, the only somatic cells and epithelium of seminiferous tubules. However, genes that regulate such an important activity of Sertoli cells are poorly understood. Here, we found that AT-rich interactive domain 4B (ARID4B), is essential for the function of Sertoli cells to regulate spermatogenesis. Specifically, we generated Sertoli cell-specific Arid4b knockout (Arid4bSCKO) mice, and showed that the Arid4bSCKO male mice were completely infertile with impaired testis development and significantly reduced testis size. Importantly, severe structural defects accompanied by loss of germ cells and Sertoli cell-only phenotype were found in many seminiferous tubules of the Arid4bSCKO testes. In addition, maturation of Sertoli cells was significantly delayed in the Arid4bSCKO mice, associated with delayed onset of spermatogenesis. Spermatogenic progression was also defective, showing an arrest at the round spermatid stage in the Arid4bSCKO testes. Interestingly, we showed that ARID4B functions as a "coactivator" of androgen receptor and is required for optimal transcriptional activation of reproductive homeobox 5, an androgen receptor target gene specifically expressed in Sertoli cells and critical for spermatogenesis. Together, our study identified ARID4B to be a key regulator of Sertoli cell function important for male germ cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray-Chang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (R.-C.W., Y.Z., M.-Y.W.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037; and Department of Neurosurgery (I-W.P.), Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Yang Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (R.-C.W., Y.Z., M.-Y.W.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037; and Department of Neurosurgery (I-W.P.), Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - I-Wen Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (R.-C.W., Y.Z., M.-Y.W.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037; and Department of Neurosurgery (I-W.P.), Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Mei-Yi Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (R.-C.W., Y.Z., M.-Y.W.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037; and Department of Neurosurgery (I-W.P.), Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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103
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Petersen HO, Höger SK, Looso M, Lengfeld T, Kuhn A, Warnken U, Nishimiya-Fujisawa C, Schnölzer M, Krüger M, Özbek S, Simakov O, Holstein TW. A Comprehensive Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis of Hydra Head Regeneration. Mol Biol Evol 2015; 32:1928-47. [PMID: 25841488 PMCID: PMC4833066 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msv079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cnidarian freshwater polyp Hydra sp. exhibits an unparalleled regeneration capacity in the animal kingdom. Using an integrative transcriptomic and stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture proteomic/phosphoproteomic approach, we studied stem cell-based regeneration in Hydra polyps. As major contributors to head regeneration, we identified diverse signaling pathways adopted for the regeneration response as well as enriched novel genes. Our global analysis reveals two distinct molecular cascades: an early injury response and a subsequent, signaling driven patterning of the regenerating tissue. A key factor of the initial injury response is a general stabilization of proteins and a net upregulation of transcripts, which is followed by a subsequent activation cascade of signaling molecules including Wnts and transforming growth factor (TGF) beta-related factors. We observed moderate overlap between the factors contributing to proteomic and transcriptomic responses suggesting a decoupled regulation between the transcriptional and translational levels. Our data also indicate that interstitial stem cells and their derivatives (e.g., neurons) have no major role in Hydra head regeneration. Remarkably, we found an enrichment of evolutionarily more recent genes in the early regeneration response, whereas conserved genes are more enriched in the late phase. In addition, genes specific to the early injury response were enriched in transposon insertions. Genetic dynamicity and taxon-specific factors might therefore play a hitherto underestimated role in Hydra regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik O Petersen
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie K Höger
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mario Looso
- Max Planck Institute (MPI) for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Lengfeld
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne Kuhn
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Warnken
- Functional Proteome Analysis Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chiemi Nishimiya-Fujisawa
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Martina Schnölzer
- Functional Proteome Analysis Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Max Planck Institute (MPI) for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany CECAD, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Suat Özbek
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oleg Simakov
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany Molecular Genetics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Thomas W Holstein
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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104
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Nelissen H, Eeckhout D, Demuynck K, Persiau G, Walton A, van Bel M, Vervoort M, Candaele J, De Block J, Aesaert S, Van Lijsebettens M, Goormachtig S, Vandepoele K, Van Leene J, Muszynski M, Gevaert K, Inzé D, De Jaeger G. Dynamic Changes in ANGUSTIFOLIA3 Complex Composition Reveal a Growth Regulatory Mechanism in the Maize Leaf. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:1605-19. [PMID: 26036253 PMCID: PMC4498210 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Most molecular processes during plant development occur with a particular spatio-temporal specificity. Thus far, it has remained technically challenging to capture dynamic protein-protein interactions within a growing organ, where the interplay between cell division and cell expansion is instrumental. Here, we combined high-resolution sampling of the growing maize (Zea mays) leaf with tandem affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry. Our results indicate that the growth-regulating SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex associated with ANGUSTIFOLIA3 (AN3) was conserved within growing organs and between dicots and monocots. Moreover, we were able to demonstrate the dynamics of the AN3-interacting proteins within the growing leaf, since copurified GROWTH-REGULATING FACTORs (GRFs) varied throughout the growing leaf. Indeed, GRF1, GRF6, GRF7, GRF12, GRF15, and GRF17 were significantly enriched in the division zone of the growing leaf, while GRF4 and GRF10 levels were comparable between division zone and expansion zone in the growing leaf. These dynamics were also reflected at the mRNA and protein levels, indicating tight developmental regulation of the AN3-associated chromatin remodeling complex. In addition, the phenotypes of maize plants overexpressing miRNA396a-resistant GRF1 support a model proposing that distinct associations of the chromatin remodeling complex with specific GRFs tightly regulate the transition between cell division and cell expansion. Together, our data demonstrate that advancing from static to dynamic protein-protein interaction analysis in a growing organ adds insights in how developmental switches are regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Eeckhout
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Kirin Demuynck
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Geert Persiau
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Alan Walton
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michiel van Bel
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Marieke Vervoort
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jasper Candaele
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jolien De Block
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Aesaert
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Mieke Van Lijsebettens
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Goormachtig
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Klaas Vandepoele
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jelle Van Leene
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Michael Muszynski
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Iowa 50011-3268
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Geert De Jaeger
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
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105
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Cabaye A, Nguyen KT, Liu L, Pande V, Schapira M. Structural diversity of the epigenetics pocketome. Proteins 2015; 83:1316-26. [PMID: 25974248 DOI: 10.1002/prot.24830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Protein families involved in chromatin-templated events are emerging as novel target classes in oncology and other disease areas. The ability to discover selective inhibitors against chromatin factors depends on the presence of structural features that are unique to the targeted sites. To evaluate challenges and opportunities toward the development of selective inhibitors, we calculated all pair wise structural distances between 575 structures from the protein databank representing 163 unique binding pockets found in protein domains that write, read or erase post-translational modifications on histones, DNA, and RNA. We find that the structural similarity of binding sites does not always follow the sequence similarity of protein domains. Our analysis reveals increased risks of activity across target-class for compounds competing with the cofactor of protein arginine methyltransferases, lysine acetyltransferases, and sirtuins, while exploiting the conformational plasticity of a protein target is a path toward selective inhibition. The structural diversity landscape of the epigenetics pocketome can be explored via an open-access graphic user interface at thesgc.org/epigenetics_pocketome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Cabaye
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Kong T Nguyen
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Lihua Liu
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Vineet Pande
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Beerse, 2340, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Schapira
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada.,The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
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106
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Shi W, Liao Y, Willis SN, Taubenheim N, Inouye M, Tarlinton DM, Smyth GK, Hodgkin PD, Nutt SL, Corcoran LM. Transcriptional profiling of mouse B cell terminal differentiation defines a signature for antibody-secreting plasma cells. Nat Immunol 2015; 16:663-73. [PMID: 25894659 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
When B cells encounter an antigen, they alter their physiological state and anatomical localization and initiate a differentiation process that ultimately produces antibody-secreting cells (ASCs). We have defined the transcriptomes of many mature B cell populations and stages of plasma cell differentiation in mice. We provide a molecular signature of ASCs that highlights the stark transcriptional divide between B cells and plasma cells and enables the demarcation of ASCs on the basis of location and maturity. Changes in gene expression correlated with cell-division history and the acquisition of permissive histone modifications, and they included many regulators that had not been previously implicated in B cell differentiation. These findings both highlight and expand the core program that guides B cell terminal differentiation and the production of antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- 1] The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. [2] Department of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yang Liao
- 1] The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. [2] Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon N Willis
- 1] The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. [2] Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nadine Taubenheim
- 1] The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. [2] Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Inouye
- 1] The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. [2] Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. [3] Department of Microbiology &Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David M Tarlinton
- 1] The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. [2] Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gordon K Smyth
- 1] The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. [2] Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip D Hodgkin
- 1] The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. [2] Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- 1] The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. [2] Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lynn M Corcoran
- 1] The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. [2] Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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107
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Seng CO, Magee C, Young PJ, Lorson CL, Allen JP. The SMN structure reveals its crucial role in snRNP assembly. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:2138-46. [PMID: 25561692 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The spliceosome plays a fundamental role in RNA metabolism by facilitating pre-RNA splicing. To understand how this essential complex is formed, we have used protein crystallography to determine the first complete structures of the key assembler protein, SMN, and the truncated isoform, SMNΔ7, which is found in patients with the disease spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Comparison of the structures of SMN and SMNΔ7 shows many similar features, including the presence of two Tudor domains, but significant differences are observed in the C-terminal domain, including 12 additional amino acid residues encoded by exon 7 in SMN compared with SMNΔ7. Mapping of missense point mutations found in some SMA patients reveals clustering around three spatial locations, with the largest cluster found in the C-terminal domain. We propose a structural model of SMN binding with the Gemin2 protein and a heptameric Sm ring, revealing a critical assembly role of the residues 260-294, with the differences at the C-terminus of SMNΔ7 compared with SMN likely leading to loss of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) assembly. The SMN complex is proposed to form a dimer driven by formation of a glycine zipper involving α helix formed by amino acid residues 263-294. These results explain how structural changes of SMN give rise to loss of SMN-mediated snRNP assembly and support the hypothesis that this loss results in atrophy of neurons in SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenda O Seng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA and
| | - Craig Magee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA and
| | - Philip J Young
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Bond Life Sciences Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Christian L Lorson
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Bond Life Sciences Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - James P Allen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA and
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108
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Non-histone protein methylation as a regulator of cellular signalling and function. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2014; 16:5-17. [PMID: 25491103 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Methylation of Lys and Arg residues on non-histone proteins has emerged as a prevalent post-translational modification and as an important regulator of cellular signal transduction mediated by the MAPK, WNT, BMP, Hippo and JAK-STAT signalling pathways. Crosstalk between methylation and other types of post-translational modifications, and between histone and non-histone protein methylation frequently occurs and affects cellular functions such as chromatin remodelling, gene transcription, protein synthesis, signal transduction and DNA repair. With recent advances in proteomic techniques, in particular mass spectrometry, the stage is now set to decode the methylproteome and define its functions in health and disease.
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109
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Ducroux A, Benhenda S, Rivière L, Semmes OJ, Benkirane M, Neuveut C. The Tudor domain protein Spindlin1 is involved in intrinsic antiviral defense against incoming hepatitis B Virus and herpes simplex virus type 1. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004343. [PMID: 25211330 PMCID: PMC4161474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) is a major risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV replicates from a covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) that remains as an episome within the nucleus of infected cells and serves as a template for the transcription of HBV RNAs. The regulatory protein HBx has been shown to be essential for cccDNA transcription in the context of infection. Here we identified Spindlin1, a cellular Tudor-domain protein, as an HBx interacting partner. We further demonstrated that Spindlin1 is recruited to the cccDNA and inhibits its transcription in the context of infection. Spindlin1 knockdown induced an increase in HBV transcription and in histone H4K4 trimethylation at the cccDNA, suggesting that Spindlin1 impacts on epigenetic regulation. Spindlin1-induced transcriptional inhibition was greater for the HBV virus deficient for the expression of HBx than for the HBV WT virus, suggesting that HBx counteracts Spindlin1 repression. Importantly, we showed that the repressive role of Spindlin1 is not limited to HBV transcription but also extends to other DNA virus that replicate within the nucleus such as Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1). Taken together our results identify Spindlin1 as a critical component of the intrinsic antiviral defense and shed new light on the function of HBx in HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Ducroux
- Unité des Hépacivirus et Immunité Innée, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3569, Paris, France
| | - Shirine Benhenda
- Unité des Hépacivirus et Immunité Innée, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3569, Paris, France
| | - Lise Rivière
- Unité des Hépacivirus et Immunité Innée, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3569, Paris, France
| | - O. John Semmes
- The Leroy T. Canoles Jr Cancer Research Center and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Monsef Benkirane
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS UPR 1142, Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Montpellier, France
| | - Christine Neuveut
- Unité des Hépacivirus et Immunité Innée, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3569, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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110
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. Di Salvo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt Heart and Vascular Institute, Nashville TN
| | - Saptarsi M. Haldar
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland OH
- Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
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111
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Dhanak D, Jackson P. Development and classes of epigenetic drugs for cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 455:58-69. [PMID: 25016182 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports an important, etiologic role for epigenetic modifications in cancer. Various post translational modifications of histone proteins together with DNA methylation constitute an 'epigenetic code' regulating the transcriptional status of the cell and aberrant writing and/or interpretation of the code can contribute to a dysregulated, hyperproliferative state. In some cases, epigenetic deregulation has also been reported to result in tumor initiation. The discovery of somatic mutations in some chromatin binding proteins associated with subtypes of lymphomas and the ability to regulate expression of proto oncogenes such as Myc has spurred the development of specific small molecule modulators of histone binding proteins. Several of these compounds have entered clinical development for the treatment of heme malignancies. This review summarizes progress in the discovery and advancement of epigenetic therapeutics for cancer and provides a perspective for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dashyant Dhanak
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA.
| | - Paul Jackson
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
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112
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Salminen A, Kauppinen A, Hiltunen M, Kaarniranta K. Krebs cycle intermediates regulate DNA and histone methylation: epigenetic impact on the aging process. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 16:45-65. [PMID: 24910305 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Many aging theories have proposed that mitochondria and energy metabolism have a major role in the aging process. There are recent studies indicating that Krebs cycle intermediates can shape the epigenetic landscape of chromatin by regulating DNA and histone methylation. A growing evidence indicates that epigenetics plays an important role in the regulation of healthspan but also is involved in the aging process. 2-Oxoglutarate (α-ketoglutarate) is a key metabolite in the Krebs cycle but it is also an obligatory substrate for 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDO). The 2-OGDO enzyme family includes the major enzymes of DNA and histone demethylation, i.e. Ten-Eleven Translocation (TETs) and Jumonji C domain containing (JmjC) demethylases. In addition, 2-OGDO members can regulate collagen synthesis and hypoxic responses in a non-epigenetical manner. Interestingly, succinate and fumarate, also Krebs cycle intermediates, are potent inhibitors of 2-OGDO enzymes, i.e. the balance of Krebs cycle reactions can affect the level of DNA and histone methylation and thus control gene expression. We will review the epigenetic mechanisms through which Krebs cycle intermediates control the DNA and histone methylation. We propose that age-related disturbances in the Krebs cycle function induce stochastic epigenetic changes in chromatin structures which in turn promote the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 1777, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Anu Kauppinen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 1777, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 1777, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 1777, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Wagner T, Robaa D, Sippl W, Jung M. Mind the Methyl: Methyllysine Binding Proteins in Epigenetic Regulation. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:466-83. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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