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Veerapur VP, Pratap V, Thippeswamy BS, Marietta P, Bansal P, Kulkarni PV, Kulkarni VH. Polyphenolic enriched extract of Cassia glauca Lamk, improves streptozotocin-induced type-1 diabetes linked with partial insulin resistance in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 198:489-498. [PMID: 28109916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditionally Cassia glauca (CG) has been used to treat diabetes. AIM OF THE STUDY The study was undertaken to evaluate anti-diabetic and antioxidant activity of polyphenolic enriched extract of CG in standardized streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of ethanol (CGE) and water (CGW) extracts of CG (200 and 400mg/kg) treatment were evaluated in STZ (50mg/kg, iv) induced diabetic rats. On 10th day, oral glucose tolerance test and degree of insulin resistance was calculated. On 13th day, insulin tolerance test was performed to know the peripheral utilization of glucose. On 15th day, blood glucose, lipid profiles and endogenous antioxidant levels were estimated. In addition, the effects on oral glucose/sucrose tolerance test in normal rats. Further, HPLC fingerprinting profile of CGE and simultaneous quantification of biomarkers were carried out. RESULTS Supplementation with CGE and CGW significantly reduced STZ-induced deleterious effects and improved glucose tolerance, and insulin tolerance. In addition, supplementation also decreased oxidative stress by improving endogenous antioxidant levels. Furthermore, administration significantly improves sucrose tolerance suggesting that extract possess inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme. Further, HPLC studies revealed that CGE contains three bioactive polyphenolic compounds viz., rutin (0.10±0.01mg/g), luteolin-7-glucoside (0.06±0.01mg/g) and isorhoifolin (0.7±0.05mg/g). CONCLUSION Observed beneficial outcome of CG might be attributed to the presence of polyphenolic compounds and mediated by interacting with multiple targets of diabetes and oxidative stress. Taken together, this study provided the scientific evidence for the traditional use of CG.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Veerapur
- SET's College of Pharmacy, S.R Nagar, Dharwad 580002, Karnataka, India; Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, B.H Road, Tumkur 572102, Karnataka, India.
| | - V Pratap
- SET's College of Pharmacy, S.R Nagar, Dharwad 580002, Karnataka, India
| | - B S Thippeswamy
- SET's College of Pharmacy, S.R Nagar, Dharwad 580002, Karnataka, India; College of Pharmacy, Al-Dawadmi, Shaqra University, Ministry of Higher Education, Saudi Arabia
| | - P Marietta
- SET's College of Pharmacy, S.R Nagar, Dharwad 580002, Karnataka, India
| | - Punit Bansal
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - P V Kulkarni
- SET's College of Pharmacy, S.R Nagar, Dharwad 580002, Karnataka, India
| | - V H Kulkarni
- SET's College of Pharmacy, S.R Nagar, Dharwad 580002, Karnataka, India
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Machado NFL, Domínguez-Perles R. Addressing Facts and Gaps in the Phenolics Chemistry of Winery By-Products. Molecules 2017; 22:E286. [PMID: 28216592 PMCID: PMC6155862 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape and wine phenolics display a noticeable structural diversity, encompassing distinct compounds ranging from simple molecules to oligomers, as well as polymers usually designated as tannins. Since these compounds contribute critically to the organoleptic properties of wines, their analysis and quantification are of primordial importance for winery industry operators. Besides, the occurrence of these compounds has been also extensively described in winery residues, which have been pointed as a valuable source of bioactive phytochemicals presenting potential for the development of new added value products that could fit the current market demands. Therefore, the cumulative knowledge generated during the last decades has allowed the identification of the most promising compounds displaying interesting biological functions, as well as the chemical features responsible for the observed bioactivities. In this regard, the present review explores the scope of the existing knowledge, concerning the compounds found in these winery by-products, as well as the chemical features presumably responsible for the biological functions already identified. Moreover, the present work will hopefully pave the way for further actions to develop new powerful applications to these materials, thus, contributing to more sustainable valorization procedures and the development of newly obtained compounds with enhanced biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson F L Machado
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Raúl Domínguez-Perles
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), Campus University, Edif. 25, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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103
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An Unusual Protector-Protégé Strategy for the Biosynthesis of Purine Nucleoside Antibiotics. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:171-181. [PMID: 28111097 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Pentostatin (PTN, deoxycoformycin) and arabinofuranosyladenine (Ara-A, vidarabine) are purine nucleoside antibiotics used clinically to treat hematological cancers and human DNA virus infections, respectively. PTN has a 1,3-diazepine ring, and Ara-A is an adenosine analog with an intriguing epimerization at the C-2' hydroxyl group. However, the logic underlying the biosynthesis of these interesting molecules has long remained elusive. Here, we report that the biosynthesis of PTN and Ara-A employs an unusual protector-protégé strategy. To our surprise, we determined that a single gene cluster governs PTN and Ara-A biosynthesis via two independent pathways. Moreover, we verified that PenB functions as a reversible oxidoreductase for the final step of PTN. Remarkably, we provided the first direct biochemical evidence that PTN can protect Ara-A from deamination by selective inhibition of the host adenosine deaminase. These findings expand our knowledge of natural product biosynthesis and open the way for target-directed genome mining of Ara-A/PTN-related antibiotics.
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104
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The Role of Natural Products in Drug Discovery and Development against Neglected Tropical Diseases. Molecules 2016; 22:molecules22010058. [PMID: 28042865 PMCID: PMC6155950 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endemic in 149 tropical and subtropical countries, neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect more than 1 billion people annually, including 875 million children in developing economies. These diseases are also responsible for over 500,000 deaths per year and are characterized by long-term disability and severe pain. The impact of the combined NTDs closely rivals that of malaria and tuberculosis. Current treatment options are associated with various limitations including widespread drug resistance, severe adverse effects, lengthy treatment duration, unfavorable toxicity profiles, and complicated drug administration procedures. Natural products have been a valuable source of drug regimens that form the cornerstone of modern pharmaceutical care. In this review, we highlight the potential that remains untapped in natural products as drug leads for NTDs. We cover natural products from plant, marine, and microbial sources including natural-product-inspired semi-synthetic derivatives which have been evaluated against the various causative agents of NTDs. Our coverage is limited to four major NTDs which include human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis and lymphatic filariasis.
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105
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Chovanová K, Zámocký M. Detection of the antibacterial effect of Chaetomium cochliodes Palliser CCM F-232 based on agar plugs and unprocessed fungal substances from cultivation media. Biologia (Bratisl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2016-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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106
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Extraction and bioactive profile of the compounds produced by Rhodococcus sp. VLD-10. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:261. [PMID: 28330333 PMCID: PMC5149122 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0576-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A potent actinobacterial strain isolated from the marine samples of Bheemunipatnam beach, Visakhapatnam, India, was identified as Rhodococcus sp. VLD-10 using the conventional and genomic (16S rRNA) approaches. Bioactive compounds responsible for the antimicrobial activity of the strain were elucidated by cultivating the strain VLD-10 in a modified yeast extract-malt extract-lactose broth followed by subsequent chromatographic and spectroscopic analyses. Extraction, purification, and structural confirmation of five compounds, viz., benzoic acid, 2-nitrobenzaldehyde, 4-chlorobenzaldehyde, nonadeconoic acid, and 3-isopropylhexahydro-1H-pyrido[1,2-a] pyrazine-1,4(6H)-dione, from Rhodococcus sp. VLD-10 were fruitfully described. The bioactivity of the compounds isolated from the strain VLD-10 against Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative bacteria, yeast, and molds was tested and their minimum inhibition concentration was reported. Antibacterial activity of 3-isopropylhexahydro-1H-pyrido[1,2-a] pyrazine-1,4(6H)-dione is more prominent against Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, B. megaterium, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and Escherichia coli, whereas its antifungal spectrum showed less potency against yeast and fungi. This is the first report on the natural occurrence and bioactivity of 3-isopropylhexahydro-1H-pyrido[1,2-a] pyrazine-1,4(6H)-dione from Rhodococcus sp. VLD-10.
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Heshmati Afshar F, Asgharian P, Khodaie L, Delazar A, Lotfipour F, Baradaran B. Anti-Proliferative and Antimicrobial Activity of Methanolic Extract and SPE Fractions of Artemisia spicigera. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2016. [DOI: 10.17795/jjnpp-36903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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108
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Anti-Proliferative and Antimicrobial Activity of Methanolic Extract and SPE Fractions of Artemisia spicigera. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.36903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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109
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Iwata T, Otsuka S, Tsubokura K, Kurbangalieva A, Arai D, Fukase K, Nakao Y, Tanaka K. One-Pot Evolution of Ageladine A through a Bio-Inspired Cascade towards Selective Modulators of Neuronal Differentiation. Chemistry 2016; 22:14707-16. [PMID: 27557614 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A bio-inspired cascade reaction has been developed for the construction of the marine natural product ageladine A and a de novo array of its N1-substituted derivatives. This cascade features a 2-aminoimidazole formation that is modeled after an arginine post-translational modification and an aza-electrocyclization. It can be effectively carried out in a one-pot procedure from simple anilines or guanidines, leading to structural analogues of ageladine A that had been otherwise synthetically inaccessible. We found that some compounds out of this structurally novel library show a significant activity in modulating the neural differentiation. Namely, these compounds selectively activate or inhibit the differentiation of neural stem cells to neurons, while being negligible in the differentiation to astrocytes. This study represents a successful case in which the native biofunction of a natural product could be altered by structural modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Iwata
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Satoshi Otsuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuki Tsubokura
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Almira Kurbangalieva
- Biofunctional Chemistry Laboratory, A. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Street, Kazan, 420008, Russia
| | - Daisuke Arai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoichi Nakao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Katsunori Tanaka
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- Biofunctional Chemistry Laboratory, A. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Street, Kazan, 420008, Russia.
- JST, PRESTO, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
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110
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Gouda S, Das G, Sen SK, Shin HS, Patra JK. Endophytes: A Treasure House of Bioactive Compounds of Medicinal Importance. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1538. [PMID: 27746767 PMCID: PMC5041141 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytes are an endosymbiotic group of microorganisms that colonize in plants and microbes that can be readily isolated from any microbial or plant growth medium. They act as reservoirs of novel bioactive secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, phenolic acids, quinones, steroids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids that serve as a potential candidate for antimicrobial, anti-insect, anticancer and many more properties. While plant sources are being extensively explored for new chemical entities for therapeutic purposes, endophytic microbes also constitute an important source for drug discovery. This review aims to comprehend the contribution and uses of endophytes as an impending source of drugs against various forms of diseases and other possible medicinal use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang South Korea
| | - Sandeep K Sen
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela India
| | - Han-Seung Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang South Korea
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang South Korea
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111
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Genomic and functional features of the biosurfactant producing Bacillus sp. AM13. Funct Integr Genomics 2016; 16:557-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-016-0506-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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112
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Tshabalala BD, Alayande KA, Sabiu S, Ashafa AOT. Antimicrobial and anthelmintic potential of root and leaf extracts of Gazania krebsiana Less. subsp. serrulata (DC.) Roessler: An in vitro assessment. Eur J Integr Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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113
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An J, Hao D, Zhang Q, Chen B, Zhang R, Wang Y, Yang H. Natural products for treatment of bone erosive diseases: The effects and mechanisms on inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 36:118-131. [PMID: 27131574 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Excessive bone resorption plays a central role on the development of bone erosive diseases, including osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and periodontitis. Osteoclasts, bone-resorbing multinucleated cells, are differentiated from hemopoietic progenitors of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. Regulation of osteoclast differentiation is considered an effective therapeutic target to the treatment of pathological bone loss. Natural plant-derived products, with potential therapeutic and preventive activities against bone-lytic diseases, have received increasing attention in recent years because of their whole regulative effects and specific pharmacological activities, which are more suitable for long-term use than chemically synthesized medicines. In this review, we summarized the detailed research progress on the active compounds derived from medical plants with potential anti-resorptive effects and their molecular mechanisms on inhibiting osteoclast formation and function. The active ingredients derived from natural plants that are efficacious in suppressing osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption include flavonoids, terpenoids (sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, triterpenoids), glycosides, lignans, coumarins, alkaloids, polyphenols, limonoids, quinones and others (steroid, oxoxishhone, fatty acid). Studies have shown that above natural products exert the inhibitory effects via regulating many factors involved in the process of osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption, including the essential cytokines (RANKL, M-CSF), transcription factors (NFATc1, c-Fos), signaling pathways (NF-κB, MAPKs, Src/PI3K/Akt, the calcium ion signaling), osteoclast-specific genes (TRAP, CTSK, MMP-9, integrin β3, OSCAR, DC-STAMP, Atp6v0d2) and local factors (ROS, LPS, NO). The development of osteoclast-targeting natural products is of great value for the prevention or treatment of bone diseases and for bone regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing An
- Translational Medicine Centre, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Translational Medicine Centre, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Translational Medicine Centre, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, China.
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114
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Aditi S, Parul T, Apeksha S, S MA, Lavie R. Antibacterial activity of six indigenous Indian plants: Acacia nilotica (Fabaceae), Albizia saman (Fabaceae), Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae), Carica papaya (Caricaceae), Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae) and Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/ajb2015.14834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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115
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Informatic search strategies to discover analogues and variants of natural product archetypes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 43:293-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-015-1675-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Natural products are a crucial source of antimicrobial agents, but reliance on low-resolution bioactivity-guided approaches has led to diminishing interest in discovery programmes. Here, we demonstrate that two in-house automated informatic platforms can be used to target classes of biologically active natural products, specifically, peptaibols. We demonstrate that mass spectrometry-based informatic approaches can be used to detect natural products with high sensitivity, identifying desired agents present in complex microbial extracts. Using our specialised software packages, we could elaborate specific branches of chemical space, uncovering new variants of trichopolyn and demonstrating a way forward in mining natural products as a valuable source of potential pharmaceutical agents.
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116
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Mahmoud HM, Kalendar AA. Coral-Associated Actinobacteria: Diversity, Abundance, and Biotechnological Potentials. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:204. [PMID: 26973601 PMCID: PMC4770044 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine Actinobacteria, particularly coral-associated Actinobacteria, have attracted attention recently. In this study, the abundance and diversity of Actinobacteria associated with three types of coral thriving in a thermally stressed coral reef system north of the Arabian Gulf were investigated. Coscinaraea columna, Platygyra daedalea and Porites harrisoni have been found to harbor equivalent numbers of culturable Actinobacteria in their tissues but not in their mucus. However, different culturable actinobacterial communities have been found to be associated with different coral hosts. Differences in the abundance and diversity of Actinobacteria were detected between the mucus and tissue of the same coral host. In addition, temporal and spatial variations in the abundance and diversity of the cultivable actinobacterial communities were detected. In total, 19 different actinobacterial genera, namely Micrococcus, Brachybacterium, Brevibacterium, Streptomyces, Micromonospora, Renibacterium, Nocardia, Microbacterium, Dietzia, Cellulomonas, Ornithinimicrobium, Rhodococcus, Agrococcus, Kineococcus, Dermacoccus, Devriesea, Kocuria, Marmoricola, and Arthrobacter, were isolated from the coral tissue and mucus samples. Furthermore, 82 isolates related to Micromonospora, Brachybacterium, Nocardia, Micrococcus, Arthrobacter, Rhodococcus, and Streptomyces showed antimicrobial activities against representative Gram-positive and/or Gram-negative bacteria. Even though Brevibacterium and Kocuria were the most dominant actinobacterial isolates, they failed to show any antimicrobial activity, whereas less dominant genera, such as Streptomyces, did show antimicrobial activity. Focusing on the diversity of coral-associated Actinobacteria may help to understand how corals thrive under harsh environmental conditions and may lead to the discovery of novel antimicrobial metabolites with potential biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda M Mahmoud
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Kuwait University Safat, Kuwait
| | - Aisha A Kalendar
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Kuwait University Safat, Kuwait
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117
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Bertrand S, Azzollini A, Nievergelt A, Boccard J, Rudaz S, Cuendet M, Wolfender JL. Statistical Correlations between HPLC Activity-Based Profiling Results and NMR/MS Microfraction Data to Deconvolute Bioactive Compounds in Mixtures. Molecules 2016; 21:259. [PMID: 26927035 PMCID: PMC6274519 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent approaches in natural product (NP) research are leading toward the discovery of bioactive chemical entities at the microgram level. In comparison to classical large scale bioassay-guided fractionation, the use of LC-MS metabolite profiling in combination with microfractionation for both bioactivity profiling and NMR analysis, allows the identification of bioactive compounds at a very early stage. In that context, this study aims to assess the potential of statistic correlation analysis to enable unambiguous identification of features related to bioactive compounds in mixtures, without the need for complete isolation. For that purpose, a mixture of NPs was microfractionated by rapid small-scale semi-preparative HPLC for proof-of-concept. UHPLC-ESI-TOFMS profiles, micro-flow CapNMR spectra and a cancer chemopreventive assay carried out on every microfraction were analysed by statistical correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Bertrand
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
- Groupe Mer, Molécules, Santé-EA 2160, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes, 9 Rue Bias, BP 53508, F-44035 Nantes, France.
| | - Antonio Azzollini
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Andreas Nievergelt
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Julien Boccard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Serge Rudaz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Muriel Cuendet
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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A. Elnakady Y, Chatterjee I, Bischoff M, Rohde M, Josten M, Sahl HG, Herrmann M, Müller R. Investigations to the Antibacterial Mechanism of Action of Kendomycin. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146165. [PMID: 26795276 PMCID: PMC4721675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The emergence of bacteria that are resistant to many currently used drugs emphasizes the need to discover and develop new antibiotics that are effective against such multi-resistant strains. Kendomycin is a novel polyketide that has a unique quinone methide ansa structure and various biological properties. This compound exhibits strong antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Despite the promise of kendomycinin in several therapeutic areas, its mode of action has yet to be identified. Methods In this study, we used a multidisciplinary approach to gain insight into the antibacterial mechanism of this compound. Results The antibacterial activity of kendomycin appears to be bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal. Kendomycin inhibited the growth of the MRSA strain COL at a low concentration (MIC of 5 μg/mL). Proteomic analysis and gene transcription profiling of kendomycin-treated cells indicated that this compound affected the regulation of numerous proteins and genes involved in central metabolic pathways, such as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (SdhA) and gluconeogenesis (PckA and GapB), cell wall biosynthesis and cell division (FtsA, FtsZ, and MurAA), capsule production (Cap5A and Cap5C), bacterial programmed cell death (LrgA and CidA), the cellular stress response (ClpB, ClpC, ClpP, GroEL, DnaK, and GrpE), and oxidative stress (AhpC and KatA). Electron microscopy revealed that kendomycin strongly affected septum formation during cell division. Most kendomycin-treated cells displayed incomplete septa with abnormal morphology. Conclusions Kendomycin might directly or indirectly affect the cell division machinery, protein stability, and programmed cell death in S. aureus. Additional studies are still needed to obtain deeper insight into the mode of action of kendomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser A. Elnakady
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Faculty of Science, Zoology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Indranil Chatterjee
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Markus Bischoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michaele Josten
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Bonn University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Sahl
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Bonn University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mathias Herrmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Otvos RA, Mladic M, Arias-Alpizar G, Niessen WMA, Somsen GW, Smit AB, Kool J. At-Line Cellular Screening Methodology for Bioactives in Mixtures Targeting the α7-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 21:459-67. [DOI: 10.1177/1087057115625307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) is a ligand-gated ion channel expressed in different regions of the central nervous system (CNS). The α7-nAChR has been associated with Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy, and schizophrenia, and therefore is extensively studied as a drug target for the treatment of these diseases. Important sources for new compounds in drug discovery are natural extracts. Since natural extracts are complex mixtures, identification of the bioactives demands the use of analytical techniques to separate a bioactive from inactive compounds. This study describes screening methodology for identifying bioactive compounds in mixtures acting on the α7-nAChR. The methodology developed combines liquid chromatography (LC) coupled via a split with both an at-line calcium (Ca2+)-flux assay and high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS). This allows evaluation of α7-nAChR responses after LC separation, while parallel MS enables compound identification. The methodology was optimized for analysis of agonists and positive allosteric modulators, and was successfully applied to screening of the hallucinogen mushroom Psilocybe Mckennaii. The crude mushroom extract was analyzed using both reversed-phase and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. Matching retention times and peak shapes of bioactives found with data from the parallel MS measurements allowed rapid pinpointing of accurate masses corresponding to the bioactives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reka A. Otvos
- AIMMS Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marija Mladic
- AIMMS Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gabriela Arias-Alpizar
- AIMMS Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wilfried M. A. Niessen
- AIMMS Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- hyphen MassSpec, Warmond, the Netherlands
| | - Govert W. Somsen
- AIMMS Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - August B. Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kool
- AIMMS Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Simonetti SO, Larghi EL, Kaufman TS. The 3,4-dioxygenated 5-hydroxy-4-aryl-quinolin-2(1H)-one alkaloids. Results of 20 years of research, uncovering a new family of natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:1425-1446. [DOI: 10.1039/c6np00064a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The title alkaloids are discussed. Emphasis is placed on their isolation, source microorganisms and structure, as well as relevant biological activities and synthetic progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian O. Simonetti
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR)
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas – Universidad Nacional de Rosario
- (2000) Rosario
- Argentina
| | - Enrique L. Larghi
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR)
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas – Universidad Nacional de Rosario
- (2000) Rosario
- Argentina
| | - Teodoro S. Kaufman
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR)
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas – Universidad Nacional de Rosario
- (2000) Rosario
- Argentina
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Kell DB. The transporter-mediated cellular uptake of pharmaceutical drugs is based on their metabolite-likeness and not on their bulk biophysical properties: Towards a systems pharmacology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pisc.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ghaedi M, Naghiha R, Jannesar R, dehghanian N, Mirtamizdoust B, pezeshkpour V. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of flower extracts of Urtica dioica, Chamaemelum nobile and Salvia officinalis: Effects of Zn[OH]2 nanoparticles and Hp-2-minh on their property. J IND ENG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Muhammad SA, Ahmed S. Production and characterization of a new antibacterial peptide obtained from Aeribacillus pallidus SAT4. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 8:72-80. [PMID: 28352575 PMCID: PMC4980744 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel thermophilic bacterial strain of the genus Aeribacillus was isolated from Thar Dessert Pakistan. This strain showed significant antibacterial activity against Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonasaeruginosa. The strain coded as 'SAT4' resembled with Aeribacillus pallidus in the morphological, biochemical and molecular tests. The production of antibacterial metabolites by SAT4 was optimized. These active metabolites were precipitated by 50% ammonium sulphate and purified through sephadex G-75 gel permeation chromatography and reverse phase HPLC. The molecular weight of 37 kDa was examined by SDS-PAGE. The structural elucidation of the purified product was studied by FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR. The X-ray diffractions study showed that the crystals belonged to the primitive orthorhombic lattice (a = 12.137, b = 13.421, c = 14.097 Å) and 3D structure (proposed name: Aeritracin) was determined. This new peptide antibacterial molecule can get a position in pharmaceutical and biotechnological industrial research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Aun Muhammad
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Safia Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
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Amirkia V, Heinrich M. Natural products and drug discovery: a survey of stakeholders in industry and academia. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:237. [PMID: 26578954 PMCID: PMC4620409 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: In recent decades, natural products have undisputedly played a leading role in the development of novel medicines. Yet, trends in the pharmaceutical industry at the level of research investments indicate that natural product research is neither prioritized nor perceived as fruitful in drug discovery programmes as compared with incremental structural modifications and large volume HTS screening of synthetics. Aim: We seek to understand this phenomenon through insights from highly experienced natural product experts in industry and academia. Method: We conducted a survey including a series of qualitative and quantitative questions related to current insights and prospective developments in natural product drug development. The survey was completed by a cross-section of 52 respondents in industry and academia. Results: One recurrent theme is the dissonance between the perceived high potential of NP as drug leads among individuals and the survey participants' assessment of the overall industry and/or company level strategies and their success. The study's industry and academic respondents did not perceive current discovery efforts as more effective as compared with previous decades, yet industry contacts perceived higher hit rates in HTS efforts as compared with academic respondents. Surprisingly, many industry contacts were highly critical to prevalent company and industry-wide drug discovery strategies indicating a high level of dissatisfaction within the industry. Conclusions: These findings support the notion that there is an increasing gap in perception between the effectiveness of well established, commercially widespread drug discovery strategies between those working in industry and academic experts. This research seeks to shed light on this gap and aid in furthering natural product discovery endeavors through an analysis of current bottlenecks in industry drug discovery programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vafa Amirkia
- Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy/Research Cluster Biodiversity and Medicines, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London London, UK
| | - Michael Heinrich
- Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy/Research Cluster Biodiversity and Medicines, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London London, UK
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Oh YS. Plant-Derived Compounds Targeting Pancreatic Beta Cells for the Treatment of Diabetes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:629863. [PMID: 26587047 PMCID: PMC4637477 DOI: 10.1155/2015/629863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a global health problem and a national economic burden. Although several antidiabetic drugs are available, the need for novel therapeutic agents with improved efficacy and few side effects remains. Drugs derived from natural compounds are more attractive than synthetic drugs because of their diversity and minimal side effects. This review summarizes the most relevant effects of various plant-derived natural compounds on the functionality of pancreatic beta cells. Published data suggest that natural compounds directly enhance insulin secretion, prevent pancreatic beta cell apoptosis, and modulate pancreatic beta cell differentiation and proliferation. It is essential to continuously investigate natural compounds as sources of novel pharmaceuticals. Therefore, more studies into these compounds' mechanisms of action are warranted for their development as potential anti-diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Sin Oh
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
- Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Hospital, Incheon 405-760, Republic of Korea
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Patridge EV, Darnell A, Kucera K, Phillips GM, Bokesch HR, Gustafson KR, Spakowicz DJ, Zhou L, Hungerford WM, Plummer M, Hoyer D, Narvaez-Trujillo A, Phillips AJ, Strobel SA. Pyrrolocin A, a 3-Decalinoyltetramic Acid with Selective Biological Activity, Isolated from Amazonian Cultures of the Novel Endophyte Diaporthales sp. E6927E. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501001006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products remain an important source of new therapeutics for emerging drug-resistant pathogens like Candida albicans, which particularly affects immunocompromised patients. A bioactive 3-decalinoyltetramic acid, pyrrolocin A, was isolated from extracts of a novel Amazonian fungal endophyte, E6927E, of the Diaporthales family. The structure of the natural product was solved using NMR and CD spectroscopy and it is structurally related to the fungal setins, equisetin and phomasetin, which are well-characterized tetramic acid antibiotics specific for Gram-positive organisms. We show that the compound inhibits growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. It shows selective and potent bioactivity against fungal strains, with an MIC of 4 μg/mL for C. albicans, 100 μg/mL for Aspergillus sp. and greater than 100 μg/mL for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Further, the compound is less toxic to mammalian cells (IC50 = 150 μg/mL), with an inhibitory concentration greater than forty times that for C. albicans. Pyrrolocin A retained potent activity against eight out of seventeen strains of clinical Candida sp. isolates tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric V. Patridge
- Yale Center for Molecular Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT06516, USA
| | - Alicia Darnell
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Kaury Kucera
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Gillian M. Phillips
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Heidi R. Bokesch
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kirk R. Gustafson
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Daniel J. Spakowicz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Linda Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | - Mark Plummer
- Yale Center for Molecular Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT06516, USA
| | - Denton Hoyer
- Yale Center for Molecular Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT06516, USA
| | | | | | - Scott A. Strobel
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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127
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Genome-scale reconstruction of Salinispora tropica CNB-440 metabolism to study strain-specific adaptation. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2015; 108:1075-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0561-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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128
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Bohanon FJ, Wang X, Graham BM, Ding C, Ding Y, Radhakrishnan GL, Rastellini C, Zhou J, Radhakrishnan RS. Enhanced effects of novel oridonin analog CYD0682 for hepatic fibrosis. J Surg Res 2015; 199:441-9. [PMID: 26409288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are responsible for excess extracellular matrix (ECM) protein deposition in liver fibrosis. Previously, our group reported that the natural compound oridonin induces apoptosis, inhibits cell proliferation, and downregulates ECM proteins in activated HSC. In this study, the antifibrogenic effects of oridonin derivative CYD0682 on the activated human LX-2 and rat HSC-T6 stellate cell lines were investigated. METHODS Cell proliferation was measured by alamarBlue assay. Apoptosis was detected by Cell Death ELISA and staining of Yo-Pro-1 and propidium iodide. Cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry. Immunoblot and immunofluorescence staining were performed for cellular protein expression. RESULTS CYD0682 treatment significantly inhibited LX-2 cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 0.49 μM for 48 h, ∼10-fold greater potency than oridonin. Similar results were observed in HSC-T6 cells. In contrast, 2.5 μM of CYD0682 treatment had no significant effects on proliferation of the human hepatocyte cell line C3A. CYD0682 treatment induced LX-2 cell apoptosis and S-phase cell cycle arrest and was associated with activation of p53, p21, and cleaved caspase-3. The myofibroblast marker protein α-smooth muscle actin and major ECM proteins type I collagen and fibronectin were markedly suppressed in a time- and dose-dependent fashion by CYD0682. Furthermore, pretreatment with CYD0682 blocked transforming growth factor-β-induced type I collagen and fibronectin production. CONCLUSIONS In comparison with oridonin, its novel derivative CYD0682 may act as a more potent antihepatic fibrosis agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick J Bohanon
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Xiaofu Wang
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Brittany M Graham
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Chunyong Ding
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Ye Ding
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | | | | | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
| | - Ravi S Radhakrishnan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
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Lopez BC, de Lourenço C, Alves D, Machado D, Lancellotti M, Sawaya A. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of red propolis: an alert for its safe use. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 119:677-87. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B.G.-C. Lopez
- Bioscience and Technology of Bioactive Products Postgraduate Program; Pharmacy Course; Department of Plant Biology; Institute of Biology; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - C.C. de Lourenço
- Plant Biology Postgraduate Program; Department of Plant Biology; Institute of Biology - State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - D.A. Alves
- Bioscience and Technology of Bioactive Products Postgraduate Program; Pharmacy Course; Department of Plant Biology; Institute of Biology; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
- LABIOTEC - Biotechnology Laboratory; Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Biology; University of Campinas - UNICAMP; Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - D. Machado
- LABIOTEC - Biotechnology Laboratory; Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Biology; University of Campinas - UNICAMP; Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - M. Lancellotti
- Bioscience and Technology of Bioactive Products Postgraduate Program; Pharmacy Course; Department of Plant Biology; Institute of Biology; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
- LABIOTEC - Biotechnology Laboratory; Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Biology; University of Campinas - UNICAMP; Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - A.C.H.F. Sawaya
- Bioscience and Technology of Bioactive Products Postgraduate Program; Pharmacy Course; Department of Plant Biology; Institute of Biology; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
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Nguta JM, Appiah-Opong R, Nyarko AK, Yeboah-Manu D, Addo PGA. Current perspectives in drug discovery against tuberculosis from natural products. Int J Mycobacteriol 2015; 4:165-83. [PMID: 27649863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmyco.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, one third of the world's population is latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), while 8.9-9.9 million new and relapse cases of tuberculosis (TB) are reported yearly. The renewed research interests in natural products in the hope of discovering new and novel antitubercular leads have been driven partly by the increased incidence of multidrug-resistant strains of MTB and the adverse effects associated with the first- and second-line antitubercular drugs. Natural products have been, and will continue to be a rich source of new drugs against many diseases. The depth and breadth of therapeutic agents that have their origins in the secondary metabolites produced by living organisms cannot be compared with any other source of therapeutic agents. Discovery of new chemical molecules against active and latent TB from natural products requires an interdisciplinary approach, which is a major challenge facing scientists in this field. In order to overcome this challenge, cutting edge techniques in mycobacteriology and innovative natural product chemistry tools need to be developed and used in tandem. The present review provides a cross-linkage to the most recent literature in both fields and their potential to impact the early phase of drug discovery against TB if seamlessly combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Mwanzia Nguta
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana; Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Regina Appiah-Opong
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Alexander K Nyarko
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Dorothy Yeboah-Manu
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Phyllis G A Addo
- Department of Animal Experimentation, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
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Screening of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in natural products by capillary electrophoresis combined with high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1400:117-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zhang Y, Huang H, Xu S, Wang B, Ju J, Tan H, Li W. Activation and enhancement of Fredericamycin A production in deepsea-derived Streptomyces somaliensis SCSIO ZH66 by using ribosome engineering and response surface methodology. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:64. [PMID: 25927229 PMCID: PMC4425903 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0244-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Marine microorganisms are an important source of new drug leads. However, the discovery and sustainable production of these compounds are often hampered due to the unavailable expression of cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters or limited titer. Ribosome engineering and response surface methodology (RSM) integrated strategy was developed in this study to activate cryptic gene cluster in the deepsea-derived Streptomyces somaliensis SCSIO ZH66, and subsequently isolation, structural analysis, and the yield enhancement of the activated compound, anticancer drug lead Fredericamycin A (FDM A), were performed. Results In order to discover novel natural products from marine Streptomyces strains by genome mining strategy, the deepsea-derived S. somaliensis SCSIO ZH66 was subject to ribosome engineering to activate the expression of cryptic gene clusters. A resistant strain ZH66-RIF1 was thereby obtained with 300 μg/mL rifampicin, which accumulated a brown pigment with cytotoxicity on MS plate while absent in the wild type strain. After screening of fermentation conditions, the compound with pigment was purified and identified to be FDM A, indicating that the activation of a cryptic FDM A biosynthetic gene cluster was taken place in strain ZH66-RIF1, and then it was identified to be ascribed to the mutation of R444H in the β subunit of RNA polymerase. To further improve the yield efficiently, nine fermentation medium components were examined for their significance on FDM A production by Plackett–Burman design and Box-Behnken design. The optimum medium composition was achieved by RSM strategy, under which the titer of FDM A reached 679.5 ± 15.8 mg/L after 7 days of fermentation, representing a 3-fold increase compared to the original medium. In terms of short fermentation time and low-cost fermentation medium, strain ZH66-RIF1 would be an ideal alternative source for FDM A production. Conclusions Our results would hasten the efforts for further development of FDM A as a drug candidate. Moreover, this ribosome engineering and RSM integrated methodology is effective, fast and efficient; it would be applicable to genome mining for novel natural products from other strains. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-015-0244-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Huiming Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Shanshan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Bo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
| | - Jianhua Ju
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
| | - Huarong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Wenli Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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133
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Granados S, Balcázar N, Guillén A, Echeverri F. Evaluation of the hypoglycemic effects of flavonoids and extracts from Jatropha gossypifolia L. Molecules 2015; 20:6181-93. [PMID: 25859777 PMCID: PMC6272771 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20046181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Jatropha gossypifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae) is a plant widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but there are few scientific reports validating its activity in this area. In this work and through a bioguided assay, a crude extract stimulated glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes up to 30%, thereby reducing insulin resistance induced by fatty acids compared to the basal control. A chromatographic fraction applied intraperitoneally (IP) in mice reduced glucose by 42% in a mouse model of T2DM, after administration of 10 doses during 20 days. A flavanone was purified from this active fraction and its structure was assigned by 1H- and 13C-NMR (1D and 2D) and MS. This compound retains the previously reported activity, stimulating in vitro the glucose uptake in a concentration-dependent manner. This study indicates that Jatropha gossypifolia L. extracts enhance glucose uptake in cultured myotubes and adipocytes and also improving glucose tolerance in an in vivo model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Granados
- Grupo de Genética Molecular y Departamento de Fisiología y Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53-10, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Norman Balcázar
- Grupo de Genética Molecular y Departamento de Fisiología y Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53-10, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Alis Guillén
- Grupo de Genética Molecular y Departamento de Fisiología y Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53-10, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Fernando Echeverri
- Grupo de Quimica Orgánica de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53-10, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
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134
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Screening of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors in natural product extracts by capillary electrophoresis in combination with high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1388:267-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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135
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Lee H, Woo ER, Lee DG. Glochidioboside Kills Pathogenic Bacteria by Membrane Perturbation. Curr Microbiol 2015; 71:1-7. [PMID: 25820208 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-015-0807-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effects of glochidioboside and determine its mechanism of action. Glochidioboside has been reported to be isolated from some plants but the underlying biological properties have remained largely obscure until now. To identify the antibacterial activity of all biological properties, pathogenic bacteria susceptibility test was performed, and the result shows that the compound displays remarkable antibacterial activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria not to mention general pathogen. To demonstrate membrane disruption and depolarization, SYTOX green and bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol were used with Escherichia coli O157, and indicated that glochidioboside affected cytoplasmic membranes by permeabilization and depolarization, respectively. Calcein efflux was evident in a membrane model that encapsulated fluorescent dye, and supported the hypothesis of a membrane-active mechanism. To confirm the release of intracellular matrix owing to membrane damage, the movements of potassium ion were observed; the results indicated that the cells treated with glochidioboside leaked potassium ion, thus the damage induced by the compounds lead to leaking intracellular components. We propose that glochidioboside kills pathogenic bacteria via perturbation of integrity of the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejeong Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK 21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80, Buk-gu, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
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136
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Bioassay-guided identification of bioactive molecules from traditional Chinese medicines. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1263:187-96. [PMID: 25618346 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2269-7_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) serve as a major source of a variety of drug lead compounds. In the process of natural products development, bioassay-guided isolation is a rapid and validated method for isolation of compounds with bioactivities. This chapter describes bioassay-guided separation and purification of compounds from the crude extracts of TCMs. Two approaches including size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are described in detail.
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137
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Jung HS, Lim Y, Kim EK. Therapeutic phytogenic compounds for obesity and diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:21505-37. [PMID: 25421245 PMCID: PMC4264239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151121505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds have been used to develop drugs for many decades. Vast diversities and minimum side effects make natural compounds a good source for drug development. However, the composition and concentrations of natural compounds can vary. Despite this inconsistency, half of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved pharmaceuticals are natural compounds or their derivatives. Therefore, it is essential to continuously investigate natural compounds as sources of new pharmaceuticals. This review provides comprehensive information and analysis on natural compounds from plants (phytogenic compounds) that may serve as anti-obesity and/or anti-diabetes therapeutics. Our growing understanding and further exploration of the mechanisms of action of the phytogenic compounds may afford opportunities for development of therapeutic interventions in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Soong Jung
- Department of Brain Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, 333, Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 711-873, Korea.
| | - Yun Lim
- Department of Brain Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, 333, Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 711-873, Korea.
| | - Eun-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Brain Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, 333, Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 711-873, Korea.
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138
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Sumi CD, Yang BW, Yeo IC, Hahm YT. Antimicrobial peptides of the genus Bacillus: a new era for antibiotics. Can J Microbiol 2014; 61:93-103. [PMID: 25629960 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2014-0613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The rapid onset of resistance reduces the efficacy of most conventional antimicrobial drugs and is a general cause of concern for human well-being. Thus, there is great demand for a continuous supply of novel antibiotics to combat this problem. Bacteria-derived antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have long been used as food preservatives; moreover, prior to the development of conventional antibiotics, these AMPs served as an efficient source of antibiotics. Recently, peptides produced by members of the genus Bacillus were shown to have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microbes. Bacillus-derived AMPs can be synthesized both ribosomally and nonribosomally and can be classified according to peptide biosynthesis, structure, and molecular weight. The precise mechanism of action of these AMPs is not yet clear; however, one proposed mechanism is that these AMPs kill bacteria by forming channels in and (or) disrupting the bacterial cell wall. Bacillus-derived AMPs have potential in the pharmaceutical industry, as well as the food and agricultural sectors. Here, we focus on Bacillus-derived AMPs as a novel alternative approach to antibacterial drug development. We also provide an overview of the biosynthesis, mechanisms of action, applications, and effectiveness of different AMPs produced by members of the Bacillus genus, including several recently identified novel AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Datta Sumi
- a Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, 72-1 Nae-Ri, Daeduk-Myun, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 456-756, South Korea
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139
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Molecular biodiversity and recent analytical developments: A marriage of convenience. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:1102-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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140
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Kakarla L, Mathi P, Allu PR, Rama C, Botlagunta M. Identification of human cyclooxegenase-2 inhibitors from Cyperus scariosus (R.Br) rhizomes. Bioinformation 2014; 10:637-46. [PMID: 25489173 PMCID: PMC4248346 DOI: 10.6026/97320630010637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyperus scariosus (R.Br) belongs to the family Cyperaceae and it has a diverse medicinal importance. To identify human cyclooxegenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors from C. scariosus, the rhizome powder was exhaustively extracted with various solvents based on the increasing polarity. Based on the presence and absence of secondary metabolites, we have selected the methanolic extract to evaluate the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The same extract was further subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis to identify the active compounds. Binding affinities of these compounds towards anti-inflammatory protein COX-2 were analyzed using molecular docking interaction studies. Phytochemical analysis showed that methanol extract is positive for all secondary metabolites. The antioxidant activity of the C. scariosus rhizomes methanolic extract (CSRME) is half to that of ascorbic acid at 50 µg/ml. The anti-inflammatory activity of CSRME is higher than that of diclofenac sodium salt at high concentration, which is evident from the dose dependent inhibition of bovine serum albumin denaturation at 40 µg/ml-5 mg/ml. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of nine compounds, among all N-methyl-1-adamantaneacetamide and 1,5,diphenyl-2H-1,2,4- triazine form a hydrogen bond interactions with Ser-530 and Tyr-385 respectively and found similar interactions with crystal structure of diclofenac bound COX-2 protein. Benzene-1, 2-diol, 4-(4-bromo-3 chlorophenyl iminomethyl forms hydrogen bond interactions with Thr-199 and Thr-200 as similar to crystallized COX-2 protein with valdecoxib. Collectively our results suggest that CSRME contains medicinally important anti-inflammatory compounds and this justifies the use of this plant as a folklore medicine for preventing inflammation associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Kakarla
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, KLEF University (Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation) Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pardhasaradhi Mathi
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, KLEF University (Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation) Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Prasada Rao Allu
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, KLEF University (Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation) Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Chakravarthy Rama
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, KLEF University (Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation) Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Mahendran Botlagunta
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, KLEF University (Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation) Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
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141
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Vijaya Kumar ML, Thippeswamy B, Vasanth Raj P. Cytotoxicity and anticancer studies of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus pumilus metabolites targeting human cancer cells. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683814060088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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142
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Szychowski J, Truchon JF, Bennani YL. Natural products in medicine: transformational outcome of synthetic chemistry. J Med Chem 2014; 57:9292-308. [PMID: 25144261 DOI: 10.1021/jm500941m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This review brings to the forefront key synthetic modifications on natural products (NPs) that have yielded successful drugs. The emphasis is placed on the power of targeted chemical transformations in enhancing the therapeutic value of NPs through optimization of pharmacokinetics, stability, potency, and/or selectivity. Multiple classes of NPs such as macrolides, opioids, steroids, and β-lactams used to treat a variety of conditions such as cancers, infections, inflammation are exemplified. Molecular modeling or X-ray structures of NP/protein complexes supporting the observed boost in therapeutic value of the modified NPs are also discussed. Significant advancement in synthetic chemistry, in structure determination, and in the understanding of factors controlling pharmacokinetics can now better position drug discovery teams to undertake NPs as valuable leads. We hope that the beneficial NPs synthetic modifications outlined here will reignite medicinal chemists' interest in NPs and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janek Szychowski
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Canada), Inc. , 275 Armand-Frappier, Laval, Québec H7V 4A7, Canada
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143
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A comparison of the antimicrobial effectiveness of different polarities crude extracts from the leaves of Adenium obesum used in Omani traditional medicine for the treatment of microbial infections. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(14)60761-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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144
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Overproduction of Ristomycin A by activation of a silent gene cluster in Amycolatopsis japonicum MG417-CF17. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:6185-96. [PMID: 25114137 DOI: 10.1128/aac.03512-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria within the last decades is one reason for the urgent need for new antibacterial agents. A strategy to discover new anti-infective compounds is the evaluation of the genetic capacity of secondary metabolite producers and the activation of cryptic gene clusters (genome mining). One genus known for its potential to synthesize medically important products is Amycolatopsis. However, Amycolatopsis japonicum does not produce an antibiotic under standard laboratory conditions. In contrast to most Amycolatopsis strains, A. japonicum is genetically tractable with different methods. In order to activate a possible silent glycopeptide cluster, we introduced a gene encoding the transcriptional activator of balhimycin biosynthesis, the bbr gene from Amycolatopsis balhimycina (bbrAba), into A. japonicum. This resulted in the production of an antibiotically active compound. Following whole-genome sequencing of A. japonicum, 29 cryptic gene clusters were identified by genome mining. One of these gene clusters is a putative glycopeptide biosynthesis gene cluster. Using bioinformatic tools, ristomycin (syn. ristocetin), a type III glycopeptide, which has antibacterial activity and which is used for the diagnosis of von Willebrand disease and Bernard-Soulier syndrome, was deduced as a possible product of the gene cluster. Chemical analyses by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy confirmed the in silico prediction that the recombinant A. japonicum/pRM4-bbrAba synthesizes ristomycin A.
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145
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Diversity and antimicrobial activities of actinobacteria isolated from tropical mangrove sediments in Malaysia. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:698178. [PMID: 25162061 PMCID: PMC4138949 DOI: 10.1155/2014/698178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to isolate and identify Actinobacteria from Malaysia mangrove forest and screen them for production of antimicrobial secondary metabolites. Eighty-seven isolates were isolated from soil samples collected at 4 different sites. This is the first report to describe the isolation of Streptomyces, Mycobacterium, Leifsonia, Microbacterium, Sinomonas, Nocardia, Terrabacter, Streptacidiphilus, Micromonospora, Gordonia, and Nocardioides from mangrove in east coast of Malaysia. Of 87 isolates, at least 5 isolates are considered as putative novel taxa. Nine Streptomyces sp. isolates were producing potent antimicrobial secondary metabolites, indicating that Streptomyces isolates are providing high quality metabolites for drug discovery purposes. The discovery of a novel species, Streptomyces pluripotens sp. nov. MUSC 135T that produced potent secondary metabolites inhibiting the growth of MRSA, had provided promising metabolites for drug discovery research. The biosynthetic potential of 87 isolates was investigated by the detection of polyketide synthetase (PKS) and nonribosomal polyketide synthetase (NRPS) genes, the hallmarks of secondary metabolites production. Results showed that many isolates were positive for PKS-I (19.5%), PKS-II (42.5%), and NRPS (5.7%) genes, indicating that mangrove Actinobacteria have significant biosynthetic potential. Our results highlighted that mangrove environment represented a rich reservoir for isolation of Actinobacteria, which are potential sources for discovery of antimicrobial secondary metabolites.
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146
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Karadeniz F, Kang KH, Park JW, Park SJ, Kim SK. Anti-HIV-1 activity of phlorotannin derivative 8,4‴-dieckol from Korean brown alga Ecklonia cava. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:1151-8. [PMID: 25229850 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.923282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
8,4‴-dieckol is a natural product which has been isolated from brown alga, Ecklonia cava. This polyphenolic compound is a phlorotannin derivative with a broad range of bioactivities. Its inhibitory activity on human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) was tested and the results indicated that 8,4‴-dieckol inhibited HIV-1 induced syncytia formation, lytic effects, and viral p24 antigen production at noncytotoxic concentrations. Furthermore, it was found that 8,4‴-dieckol selectively inhibited the activity of HIV-1 reverse trancriptase (RT) enzyme with 91% inhibition ratio at the concentration of 50 μM. HIV-1 entry was also inhibited by 8,4‴-dieckol. According to data from this study, 8,4‴-dieckol is an effective compound against HIV-1 with high potential for further studies. These results suggest that it might be used as a drug candidate for the development of new generation therapeutic agents, although further studies on the mechanism of inhibition should be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Karadeniz
- a Marine Bioprocess Research Center , Pukyong National University , Busan , Republic of Korea
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147
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Screening for genes coding for putative antitumor compounds, antimicrobial and enzymatic activities from haloalkalitolerant and haloalkaliphilic bacteria strains of Algerian Sahara Soils. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:317524. [PMID: 24977147 PMCID: PMC4058248 DOI: 10.1155/2014/317524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Extreme environments may often contain unusual bacterial groups whose physiology is distinct from those of normal environments. To satisfy the need for new bioactive pharmaceuticals compounds and enzymes, we report here the isolation of novel bacteria from an extreme environment. Thirteen selected haloalkalitolerant and haloalkaliphilic bacteria were isolated from Algerian Sahara Desert soils. These isolates were screened for the presence of genes coding for putative antitumor compounds using PCR based methods. Enzymatic, antibacterial, and antifungal activities were determined by using cultural dependant methods. Several of these isolates are typical of desert and alkaline saline soils, but, in addition, we report for the first time the presence of a potential new member of the genus Nocardia with particular activity against the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition to their haloalkali character, the presence of genes coding for putative antitumor compounds, combined with the antimicrobial activity against a broad range of indicator strains and their enzymatic potential, makes them suitable for biotechnology applications.
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148
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Bracarense AAP, Takahashi JA. Modulation of antimicrobial metabolites production by the fungus Aspergillus parasiticus. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 45:313-21. [PMID: 24948950 PMCID: PMC4059316 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000100045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosynthesis of active secondary metabolites by fungi occurs as a specific response to the different growing environments. Changes in this environment alter the chemical and biological profiles leading to metabolites diversification and consequently to novel pharmacological applications. In this work, it was studied the influence of three parameters (fermentation length, medium composition and aeration) in the biosyntheses of antimicrobial metabolites by the fungus Aspergillus parasiticus in 10 distinct fermentation periods. Metabolism modulation in two culturing media, CYA and YES was evaluated by a 2(2) full factorial planning (ANOVA) and on a 2(3) factorial planning, role of aeration, medium composition and carbohydrate concentration were also evaluated. In overall, 120 different extracts were prepared, their HPLC profiles were obtained and the antimicrobial activity against A. flavus, C. albicans, E. coli and S. aureus of all extracts was evaluated by microdilution bioassay. Yield of kojic acid, a fine chemical produced by the fungus A. parasiticus was determined in all extracts. Statistical analyses pointed thirteen conditions able to modulate the production of bioactive metabolites by A. parasiticus. Effect of carbon source in metabolites diversification was significant as shown by the changes in the HPLC profiles of the extracts. Most of the extracts presented inhibition rates higher than that of kojic acid as for the extract obtained after 6 days of fermentation in YES medium under stirring. Kojic acid was not the only metabolite responsible for the activity since some highly active extracts showed to possess low amounts of this compound, as determined by HPLC.
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149
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Duan YY, Ming H, Dong L, Yin YR, Zhang Y, Zhou EM, Liu L, Nie GX, Li WJ. Streptomyces calidiresistens sp. nov., isolated from a hot spring sediment. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2014; 106:189-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-014-0180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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150
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Khan H. Medicinal Plants in Light of History: Recognized Therapeutic Modality. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2014; 19:216-219. [DOI: 10.1177/2156587214533346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants have an unbelievable history in terms of serving humanity in almost all continents of the world. Traditional healers have transferred that incredible knowledge from generation to generation. Even modernity or cultural revolutions have not altered the in-depth wisdom of this natural medical paradigm. Pharmacological rationale in light of traditional uses followed by phytochemical studies could surely bring a new revolution in the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Khan
- Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
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