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Santos V, Castro T, Bettencourt E, Ginther O. Oxytocin induction of pulses of a prostaglandin metabolite and luteolysis in mares. Theriogenology 2015; 83:730-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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102
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Pérez-Marín C, Sánchez J, Vizuete G, Quintela L, Molina L. Oestrus synchronisation in postpartum dairy cows using repetitive prostaglandin doses: Comparison between D-cloprostenol and dinoprost. Acta Vet Hung 2015; 63:79-88. [PMID: 25374258 DOI: 10.1556/avet.2014.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This trial evaluated the reproductive performance in an early routine oestrus induction programme using two different PGF2α preparations in dairy cattle. D-cloprostenol sodium (n = 192; Group A) or dinoprost (n = 187; Group B) was administered between days 35 and 42 post partum. Also, a group of non-treated cows (n = 135; Group C) was included as control. Pedometers were used to detect oestrus, and also secondary oestrous signs and vaginal mucus quality were assessed prior to artificial insemination (AI). When oestrus was not detected for 14 days after PGF2α administration, the treatment was repeated, up to a maximum of three times. There were no differences between the study groups in oestrus detection (A = 73.48%, B = 73.01%, C = 79.26%; P = 0.428), good mucus quality (A = 96.45%, B = 91.30%, C = 93.45%; P = 0.203) and the presence of mounting lesions (A = 98.58, B = 94.93%, C = 98.13; P = 0.414). First-service pregnancy rates were 19.78%, 15.64% and 32.03% in Groups A, B and C, respectively (P = 0.003). There were no inter-group differences for the interval from parturition to first AI. However, a significantly shorter interval from parturition to conception (92.17 days, 99.45 days, 118.93 days; P = 0.002) and significantly less services per conception (2.12, 2.18, 2.66; P = 0.003) were observed in Groups A and B in comparison with Group C. The use of PGF2α resulted in better fertility in a repetitive, routine postpartum programme, although no differences between Dcloprostenol and dinoprost were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Pérez-Marín
- 1 University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery Ctra Madrid-Cádiz km 396 14071 Córdoba Spain
| | - Jose Sánchez
- 1 University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery Ctra Madrid-Cádiz km 396 14071 Córdoba Spain
| | - Guillermo Vizuete
- 1 University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery Ctra Madrid-Cádiz km 396 14071 Córdoba Spain
| | - Luis Quintela
- 2 University of Santiago de Compostela Department of Animal Pathology Lugo Spain
| | - Laura Molina
- 1 University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery Ctra Madrid-Cádiz km 396 14071 Córdoba Spain
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103
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Circulating nitric oxide metabolites during luteolysis and the effect of luteinizing hormone on circulating nitric oxide metabolites in heifers. Theriogenology 2015; 83:213-21. [PMID: 25442387 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Temporal relationships among circulating concentrations of nitric oxide metabolites (NOM), progesterone (P4), and luteinizing hormone (LH) within the hours of a PGFM pulse were studied during luteolysis in heifers. The peak of a PGFM pulse was designated Hour 0. All of the following increases and decreases were significant. Within a spontaneous PGFM pulse (experiment 1; n = 7), concentrations of P4 and LH decreased between Hours -1 and 0 and increased between Hours 0 and 1; NOM increased between Hours -1 and 2. In experiment 2, PGFM pulses were simulated by intrauterine infusion of PGF2α (PGF group, n = 6), and another group was also treated with acyline to inhibit LH secretion (acyline-PGF group, n = 6). Averaged over the two groups, concentration of P4 decreased between Hours -2 and 0, increased (rebounded) between Hours 0 and 1, and decreased after Hour 2. In the PGF group, concentration of LH decreased between Hours -2 and -0.5 and increased between Hour 0 and Hour 1.5 to a maximum at Hour 1.5; NOM decreased between Hours -2 and -1.5 and increased between Hours 0 and 1.5. In the acyline-PGF group, the effect of hour was not significant for concentrations of LH and NOM. The absence of an increase in NOM concentration when LH was inhibited is a novel finding. The hypotheses were supported that concentrations of LH and NOM are temporally related, and LH has a role in the increase in NOM within the hours of a PGFM pulse.
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104
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Ambrose DJ, Gobikrushanth M, Zuidhof S, Kastelic JP. Low-dose natural prostaglandin F2α (dinoprost) at timed insemination improves conception rate in dairy cattle. Theriogenology 2014; 83:529-34. [PMID: 25434776 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The primary objective was to determine if low doses of PGF2α (dinoprost) given intramuscularly (im) concurrent with timed artificial insemination (TAI) would improve conception rates in dairy cattle. A secondary objective was to determine if body condition score (BCS) and parity would influence conception rates, either independently or in interaction with PGF2α treatment. In experiment I, 307 lactating Holstein cows were randomly assigned to receive either 5-mg PGF2α im (PGF2α treated, n = 154) or 0-mg PGF2α (control, n = 153) at TAI (Day 0). Blood samples were obtained on Days -10, -3, 0, and 7 to determine plasma progesterone (P4) concentrations. Pregnancy was confirmed 30 to 32 days after insemination by transrectal ultrasonography. In experiment II, 451 cows were randomly assigned to receive either 10-mg PGF2α im (PGF2α treated, n = 226) or 0-mg PGF2α (control, n = 225) at TAI, and pregnancy was confirmed 45 to 50 days after TAI by palpation per rectum. Pregnancy data were analyzed by CATMOD (SAS). In experiment I, PGF2α treatment, BCS, and parity did not affect conception rate (35.7% vs. 37.0% for PGF2α treated vs. control; P > 0.05). However, in experiment II, conception rates were higher in cows given 10-mg PGF2α than those in control cows (45.8% vs. 36.0%; P < 0.05), in cows with high BCS than in cows with low BCS (52.1% vs. 30.4%; P < 0.01), and in primiparous than in multiparous cows (47.6% vs. 34.4%; P < 0.01), but their interaction with PGF2α treatment did not affect conception rates. In summary, 5 mg of PGF2α given im concurrent with TAI failed to enhance conception rate in lactating dairy cows, whereas 10 mg of PGF2α significantly increased conception rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divakar J Ambrose
- Livestock Research Branch, Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Mohanathas Gobikrushanth
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sjoert Zuidhof
- Animal Health Division, Upjohn Company, Orangeville, Ontario, Canada
| | - John P Kastelic
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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105
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Hormonal, luteal, and follicular changes during initiation of persistent corpus luteum in mares. Theriogenology 2014; 83:757-65. [PMID: 25497782 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mares with persistent CL (PCL) with no known etiology (idiopathic) were matched with mares with an interovulatory interval (IOI) of apparent physiological length, so that ovulation at the beginning of each PCL and IOI occurred during the same month (n = 6/group). Blood samples were collected daily from Days 12 to 22 (Day 0 = ovulation). Mean progesterone (P4) decreased in both groups on Days 14 and 15 and then diverged with a continued decrease in the IOI group and the beginning of constant and greater (P < 0.05) P4 concentration on each day in the PCL group. Before P4 divergence between groups, P4 in the PCL group decreased either abruptly (apparent incomplete luteolysis) or gradually. Concentration of PGFM (a metabolite of PGF2α) was not different between groups and reached maximum on mean Day 15 in each group. After the divergence in P4 between groups, LH and estradiol (E2) remained low in the PCL group. There was no indication that an increase in a luteotropic effect of LH in the PCL group accounted for the divergence in P4. Differences in prolactin between the groups were inconclusive. The hypothesis that secretion of PGF2α at the time of expected luteolysis is defective in mares with idiopathic PCL was not supported. The hypothesis that E2 concentration before expected luteolysis is greater in mares with PCL than those without PCL was not supported; however, a difference on Day 12 approached significance (P < 0.06) and tentatively indicated greater E2 in the PCL group before the beginning of luteolysis.
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106
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Effects of oocyte donor age and embryonic stage of development on transcription of genes coding for enzymes of the prostaglandins and progesterone synthesis pathways in bovine in vitro produced embryos. ZYGOTE 2014; 23:802-12. [DOI: 10.1017/s0967199414000446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
SummaryThe ability of early bovine embryos to produce prostaglandins (PGs) and progesterone (P4), and the role of these mediators in embryonic development and survival are poorly understood. In this study we tested the hypothesis that day 7 bovine embryos are able to transcribe genes coding for enzymes of the PGs (PTGS2, PGES, PGFS) and P4 (StAR, P450scc, 3β-HSD) synthesis pathways, and that transcription levels of these genes are associated with developmental progression and heifer age-related [pre-pubertal (PP) versus post-pubertal cyclic (C)] oocyte competence. Compared with C heifer oocytes, PP heifer oocytes showed a lower (P < 0.0001) in vitro blastocyst rate, but in embryos developing until day 7, heifer age had no effect on quality grade. Day 7 quality grade 1–2 embryos were selected for RNA extraction and gene transcription analysis by qRT-PCR, in a 2 × 2 factorial design [age (PP or C) × embryonic stage (compact morulae and early blastocysts, CM + EBL, or blastocysts and expanded blastocysts, BL + BEX); 15 embryos/group]. Transcription levels of PTGS2, PGES, PGFS, P450scc and 3β-HSD were not affected by heifer age but were higher (P < 0.01) in BL + BEX than in CM + EBL. In conclusion, the main limiting factor for embryo production from PP heifers is oocyte competence. Day 7 bovine embryos evidence transcription of genes coding for enzymes of PGs and P4 synthesis pathways, and transcription levels are associated with blastocyst differentiation. This prompts for an autocrine/paracrine action of PGs and P4 in early bovine embryonic development.
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107
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Isobe N, Iwamoto C, Kubota H, Yoshimura Y. Relationship between the somatic cell count in milk and reproductive function in peripartum dairy cows. J Reprod Dev 2014; 60:433-7. [PMID: 25196356 PMCID: PMC4284317 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2014-065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of the somatic cell count (SCC) in milk on reproductive performance, such as pregnancy status in the prepartum period and ovarian function in the postpartum period, in dairy cows. Blood samples were collected every week from one month prepartum to parturition in order to measure the concentrations of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2α (PGFM), estrone sulfate (E1S) and progesterone. Milk samples were collected three times per week in both the prepartum (for one month before the dry period) and postpartum periods (for 3 months immediately after parturition) to measure the SCC. Progesterone was also determined in the whole milk of postpartum cows to define the day of the first ovulation. In the prepartum period, the maximum SCC negatively correlated with the pregnancy period (r = –0.77), but not the calf birth weight. Positive and negative correlations were observed between the average SCC and PGFM or progesterone
concentrations in plasma, respectively (r = 0.84 or –0.92, respectively), at 39 weeks of pregnancy. In the postpartum period, a correlation was observed between the day of the first ovulation and both the average and maximum SCC (r = –0.74 and –0.75, respectively), whereas days open was not related to the SCC. These results suggest that a high SCC in the prepartum period may advance parturition by increasing PGF2α and decreasing progesterone and that the first ovulation in the postpartum period was affected by a high SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Isobe
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
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108
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Painer J, Goeritz F, Dehnhard M, Hildebrandt TB, Naidenko SV, Sánchez I, Quevedo Muñoz MA, Jewgenow K. Hormone-induced luteolysis on physiologically persisting corpora lutea in Eurasian and Iberian lynx (Lynx lynx and Lynx pardinus). Theriogenology 2014; 82:557-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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109
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Weems YS, Ma Y, Ford SP, Nett TM, Vann RC, Lewis AW, Neuendorff DA, Welsh TH, Randel RD, Weems CW. Effects of intraluteal implants of prostaglandin E1 or E2 on angiogenic growth factors in luteal tissue of Angus and Brahman cows. Theriogenology 2014; 82:1224-30. [PMID: 25219846 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Previously, it was reported that intraluteal implants containing prostaglandin E1 or E2 (PGE1 and PGE2) in Angus or Brahman cows prevented luteolysis by preventing loss of mRNA expression for luteal LH receptors and luteal unoccupied and occupied LH receptors. In addition, intraluteal implants containing PGE1 or PGE2 upregulated mRNA expression for FP prostanoid receptors and downregulated mRNA expression for EP2 and EP4 prostanoid receptors. Luteal weight during the estrous cycle of Brahman cows was reported to be lesser than that of Angus cows but not during pregnancy. The objective of this experiment was to determine whether intraluteal implants containing PGE1 or PGE2 alter vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), angiopoietin-1 (ANG-1), and angiopoietin-2 (ANG-2) protein in Brahman or Angus cows. On Day 13 of the estrous cycle, Angus cows received no intraluteal implant and corpora lutea were retrieved, or Angus and Brahman cows received intraluteal silastic implants containing vehicle, PGE1, or PGE2 on Day 13 and corpora lutea were retrieved on Day 19. Corpora lutea slices were analyzed for VEGF, FGF-2, ANG-1, and ANG-2 angiogenic proteins via Western blot. Day-13 Angus cow luteal tissue served as preluteolytic controls. Data for VEGF were not affected (P > 0.05) by day, breed, or treatment. PGE1 or PGE2 increased (P < 0.05) FGF-2 in luteal tissue of Angus cows compared with Day-13 and Day-19 Angus controls but decreased (P < 0.05) FGF-2 in luteal tissue of Brahman cows when compared w Day-13 or Day-19 Angus controls. There was no effect (P > 0.05) of PGE1 or PGE2 on ANG-1 in Angus luteal tissue when compared with Day-13 or Day-19 controls, but ANG-1 was decreased (P < 0.05) by PGE1 or PGE2 in Brahman cows when compared with Day-19 Brahman controls. ANG-2 was increased (P < 0.05) on Day 19 in Angus Vehicle controls when compared with Day-13 Angus controls, which was prevented (P < 0.05) by PGE1 but not by PGE2 in Angus cows. There was no effect (P > 0.05) of PGE1 or PGE2 on ANG-2 in Brahman cows. PGE1 or PGE2 may alter cow luteal FGF-2, ANG-1, or ANG-2 but not VEGF to prevent luteolysis; however, species or breed differences may exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshie S Weems
- Department of HNFAS, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Stephen P Ford
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Terry M Nett
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Rhonda C Vann
- Department of Animal Science, Mississippi State University, Brown Loam, Mississippi, USA
| | - Andrew W Lewis
- Texas AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University System, Overton, Texas, USA
| | - Don A Neuendorff
- Texas AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University System, Overton, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas H Welsh
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Ronald D Randel
- Texas AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University System, Overton, Texas, USA
| | - Charles W Weems
- Department of HNFAS, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
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110
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Choi J, Jo M, Lee E, Choi D. ERK1/2 is involved in luteal cell autophagy regulation during corpus luteum regression via an mTOR-independent pathway. Mol Hum Reprod 2014; 20:972-80. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gau061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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111
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Vernunft A, Viergutz T, Plinski C, Weitzel J. Postpartum levels of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α in plasma and milk phospholipid fractions as biomarker of oxidative stress in first-lactating dairy cows. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2014; 112:34-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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112
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Weems YS, Pang J, Raney A, Uchima T, Lennon E, Johnson D, Nett TM, Randel RD, Weems CW. Prostaglandin E1 or E2 inhibits an oxytocin-induced premature luteolysis in ewes when oxytocin is given early in the estrous cycle. Theriogenology 2014; 82:440-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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113
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Akbarabadi MA, Shabankareh HK, Abdolmohammadi A, Shahsavari M. Effect of PGF2α and GnRH on the reproductive performance of postpartum dairy cows subjected to synchronization of ovulation and timed artificial insemination during the warm or cold periods of the year. Theriogenology 2014; 82:509-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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114
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Szóstek AZ, Adamowski M, Galvão AM, Ferreira-Dias GM, Skarzynski DJ. Ovarian steroid-dependent tumor necrosis factor-α production and its action on the equine endometrium in vitro. Cytokine 2014; 67:85-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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115
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Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling in human and ruminant reproductive tract. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:649702. [PMID: 24744506 PMCID: PMC3973013 DOI: 10.1155/2014/649702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) through activating its G protein-coupled receptors (LPAR 1–6) exerts diverse cellular effects that in turn influence several physiological processes including reproductive function of the female. Studies in various species of animals and also in humans have identified important roles for the receptor-mediated LPA signaling in multiple aspects of human and animal reproductive tract function. These aspects range from ovarian and uterine function, estrous cycle regulation, early embryo development, embryo implantation, decidualization to pregnancy maintenance and parturition. LPA signaling can also have pathological consequences, influencing aspects of endometriosis and reproductive tissue associated tumors. The review describes recent progress in LPA signaling research relevant to human and ruminant reproduction, pointing at the cow as a relevant model to study LPA influence on the human reproductive performance.
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116
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Painer J, Jewgenow K, Dehnhard M, Arnemo JM, Linnell JDC, Odden J, Hildebrandt TB, Goeritz F. Physiologically persistent Corpora lutea in Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) - longitudinal ultrasound and endocrine examinations intra-vitam. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90469. [PMID: 24599348 PMCID: PMC3943960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Felids generally follow a poly-estrous reproductive strategy. Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) display a different pattern of reproductive cyclicity where physiologically persistent corpora lutea (CLs) induce a mono-estrous condition which results in highly seasonal reproduction. The present study was based around a sono-morphological and endocrine study of captive Eurasian lynx, and a control-study on free-ranging lynx. We verified that CLs persist after pregnancy and pseudo-pregnancy for at least a two-year period. We could show that lynx are able to enter estrus in the following year, while CLs from the previous years persisted in structure and only temporarily reduced their function for the period of estrus onset or birth, which is unique among felids. The almost constant luteal progesterone secretion (average of 5 ng/ml serum) seems to prevent folliculogenesis outside the breeding season and has converted a poly-estrous general felid cycle into a mono-estrous cycle specific for lynx. The hormonal regulation mechanism which causes lynx to have the longest CL lifespan amongst mammals remains unclear. The described non-felid like ovarian physiology appears to be a remarkably non-plastic system. The lynx's reproductive ability to adapt to environmental and anthropogenic changes needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Painer
- Department Reproduction Management and Reproduction Biology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Katarina Jewgenow
- Department Reproduction Management and Reproduction Biology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Dehnhard
- Department Reproduction Management and Reproduction Biology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Berlin, Germany
| | - Jon M. Arnemo
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Applied Ecology and Agricultural Sciences, Hedmark University College, Campus Evenstad, Elverum, Norway
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - John Odden
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Thomas B. Hildebrandt
- Department Reproduction Management and Reproduction Biology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Goeritz
- Department Reproduction Management and Reproduction Biology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Berlin, Germany
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117
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Szóstek AZ, Galvão AM, Ferreira-Dias GM, Skarzynski DJ. Ovarian steroids affect prostaglandin production in equine endometrial cells in vitro. J Endocrinol 2014; 220:263-76. [PMID: 24481966 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of ovarian steroids on equine endometrial epithelial and stromal cells, specifically i) prostaglandin (PG) production in a time-dependent manner, ii) specific PG synthases mRNA transcription and protein expression, and iii) cell proliferation. After passage I, cells were exposed to vehicle, oxytocin (OT, positive control, 10(-7) M), progesterone (P4, 10(-7) M), 17β estradiol (E2, 10(-9) M), or P4+E2 for 12, 24, 48, or 72 h. Following treatment, PG concentration was determined using the direct enzyme immunoassay (EIA) method. Alterations in PG synthases mRNA transcriptions, PG synthases protein expression, and cell proliferation in response to the treatments were determined after 24 h using real-time PCR, western blot, or 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide respectively. After 24 h, E2 and P4+E2 increased PGE2 and PGF2α secretion as well as specific prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 (PTGS2), PGE2 synthases (PGES), and PGF2α synthases (PGFS) expression in the epithelial cells (P<0.05). Additionally, E2 and P4+E2 increased PTGS2 expression in stromal cells after 24 h (P<0.05). In stromal cells, P4+E2 increased PGE2 production as well as PGES expression after 24 h (P<0.05). Both E2 and P4+E2 increased PGF2α production by stromal cells after 24 h (P<0.05). Ovarian steroids affected proliferation of stromal and epithelial cells during the 24-h incubation period (P<0.05). We provide evidence that ovarian steroids affect PG production in equine endometrial cells, upregulating PTGS2, PGES, and PGFS expression. Ovarian steroid-stimulated PG production could be an important mechanism occurring in the equine endometrium that is involved in the regulation of the estrous cycle and early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Z Szóstek
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Olsztyn, Poland The Interdisciplinary Centre of Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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118
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The use of PGF2α as ovulatory stimulus for timed artificial insemination in cattle. Theriogenology 2014; 81:689-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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119
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Brown HM, Fabre Nys C, Cognié J, Scaramuzzi RJ. Short oestrous cycles in sheep during anoestrus involve defects in progesterone biosynthesis and luteal neovascularisation. Reproduction 2014; 147:357-67. [PMID: 24357663 DOI: 10.1530/rep-13-0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Anoestrous ewes can be induced to ovulate by the socio-sexual, 'ram effect'. However, in some ewes, the induced ovulation is followed by an abnormally short luteal phase causing a so-called 'short cycle'. The defect responsible for this luteal dysfunction has not been identified. In this study, we investigated ovarian and uterine factors implicated in male-induced short cycles in anoestrous ewes using a combined endocrine and molecular strategy. Before ovulation, we were able to detect a moderate loss of thecal expression of steroid acute regulatory protein (STAR) in ewes that had not received progesterone priming (which prevents short cycles). At and following ovulation, we were able to identify a significant loss of expression of genes coding key proteins involved in the biosynthesis of progesterone (STAR, CYP11A1 and HSD3B1 (HSD3B)) as well as genes coding proteins critical for vascular development during early luteal development (VEGFA and KDR (VEGFR2)), suggesting dysfunction in at least two pathways critical for normal luteal function. Furthermore, these changes were associated with a significant reduction of progesterone production and luteal weight. Additionally, we cast doubt on the proposed uterus-mediated effect of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) as a cause of short cycles by demonstrating the dysregulation of luteal expression of the PGF receptor, which mediates the luteal effects of PGF2α, and by finding no significant changes in the circulating concentrations of PGFM, the principal metabolite of PGF2α in ewes with short cycles. This study is the first of its kind to examine concurrently the endocrine and molecular events in the follicular and early luteal stages of the short cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Brown
- UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 6175, INRA-CNRS-Université de Tours-Haras Nationaux, 37380 Nouzilly, France
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120
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Palhão M, Pereira A, Fernandes C, Rossi J, Viana J, Gioso M, Garcia J, Alves B, Oliveira E. Florfenicol associado ou não ao cloprostenol no tratamento de retenção de placenta em vacas leiteiras. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352014000100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J. Rossi
- Universidade José do Rosário Vellano
| | - J.H.M. Viana
- Universidade José do Rosário Vellano; Embrapa Gado de Leite
| | - M. Gioso
- Universidade José do Rosário Vellano
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121
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Cetin Y, Kocamuftuoglu M, Ozyurtlu N, Kucukaslan I, Sendag S, Wehrend A. Effect of flunixin meglumine or prostaglandin E2 treatment 15 days after breeding on fertility in Saanen does. Theriogenology 2014; 81:424-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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122
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Candappa IBR, Bartlewski PM. Induction of cervical dilation for transcervical embryo transfer in ewes. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12:8. [PMID: 24467737 PMCID: PMC3909445 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-12-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major limitation in the application of assisted reproductive technologies in sheep arises from the inability to easily traverse the uterine cervix. The cervix of the non-pregnant ewe is a narrow and rigid structure, with 5-7 spiral folds and crypts that block its lumen. The first two folds closest to the vagina appear to be the greatest obstacle for the instrument insertion into the sheep cervix. Therefore, the dilation of the distal part of the cervix could provide the conformational change necessary to perform non-invasive transcervical procedures. The present study set out to assess the efficacy of Cervidil®, a patented dinoprostone (PgE2)-containing vaginal insert with a controlled-release mechanism, to safely induce sufficient cervical dilation for the purpose of transcervical embryo transfer (TCET) in cyclic ewes. METHODS The transfer of frozen-thawed ovine embryos was attempted in 22 cross-bred Rideau Arcott x Polled Dorset ewes, with or without the pre-treatment with Cervidil® for 12 or 24 h prior to TCET. RESULTS Cervical penetration rate was significantly improved after Cervidil® pre-treatment, with 55% (6/11) of treated versus 9% (1/11) of control animals successfully penetrated (χ2-test, p < 0.05). Within the treated ewes that were penetrated, 67% (4/6) had been exposed to Cervidil(R) for 24 h and 33% (2/6) had had a 12-h exposure (p > 0.05). Variations in the age, weight, genotype, parity, lifetime lamb production (LLP) and post-partum interval (PPI) between penetrated and non-penetrated ewes were not significant (p > 0.05). The time taken to traverse the uterine cervix was negatively correlated (p < 0.05) with the age, parity, LLP and PPI. Progesterone assays and ultrasonographic examinations performed 25 days after ET confirmed pregnancy in 2 of 7 penetrated ewes, but no fetuses were detected ultrasonographically 55 days post-TCET. CONCLUSIONS The present results indicate a significant benefit of using Cervidil® for inducing cervical dilation during the mid-luteal phase in ewes but the reason(s) for impaired fertility after the transfer of frozen-thawed ovine embryos remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanka BR Candappa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada
| | - Pawel M Bartlewski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada
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123
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Sakumoto R, Hayashi KG, Takahashi T. Different expression of PGE synthase, PGF receptor, TNF, Fas and oxytocin in the bovine corpus luteum of the estrous cycle and pregnancy. Reprod Biol 2014; 14:115-21. [PMID: 24856470 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Functional differences between the corpus luteum (CL) of pregnancy and CL of the cycle in cows were examined. Messenger RNA and protein levels of prostaglandin (PG) E synthase (PGES), PGF2α receptor (PGFR), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) and Fas were found to be higher in the CL of pregnancy than in CL of the cycle. Oxytocin (OT) mRNA and protein levels were lower in the CL of pregnancy. Messenger RNA levels of progesterone receptor (PR), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), PGE2 receptor (PGER), PGF synthase (PGFS), TNF receptor type I (TNFRI) and TNF receptor type II (TNFRII) did not differ between the cycle and pregnancy. PGE2 and PGF2α production by cultured bovine endometrial tissues was decreased by a supernatant derived from the homogenized CL of pregnancy but not by that of the CL of the cycle, suggesting that specific substances in the CL of pregnancy affect endometrial PG production in cows. Collectively, PGES, PGFR, TNF, Fas or OT may contribute to differences between the CL of pregnancy and CL of the estrous cycle in cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sakumoto
- Animal Physiology Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan.
| | - K-G Hayashi
- Animal Physiology Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - T Takahashi
- Animal Physiology Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
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124
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Szóstek A, Adamowski M, Lukasik K, Galvão A, Ferreira-Dias G, Skarzynski D. Ovarian steroid-dependent tumor necrosis factor-α production and its action in equine endometrium in vitro. J Equine Vet Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2013.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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125
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Samborski A, Graf A, Krebs S, Kessler B, Reichenbach M, Reichenbach HD, Ulbrich SE, Bauersachs S. Transcriptome changes in the porcine endometrium during the preattachment phase. Biol Reprod 2013; 89:134. [PMID: 24174570 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.112177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The porcine conceptus undergoes rapid differentiation and expansion of its trophoblastic membranes between Days 11 and 12 of gestation. Concomitant with trophoblast elongation, production of conceptus estrogen, the porcine embryonic pregnancy recognition signal, increases. Conceptus attachment to the uterine surface epithelium starts after Day 13, initiating epitheliochorial placentation. To analyze the transcriptome changes in the endometrium in the course of maternal recognition of pregnancy, deep sequencing of endometrial RNA samples of Day 12 pregnant animals (n = 4) and corresponding nonpregnant controls (n = 4) was performed using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Between 30 000 000 and 35 000 000 sequence reads per sample were produced and mapped to the porcine genome (Sscrofa10.2). Analysis of read counts revealed 2593 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Expression of selected genes was validated by the use of quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Bioinformatics analysis identified several functional terms specifically overrepresented for up-regulated or down-regulated genes. Comparison of the RNA-Seq data from Days 12 and 14 of pregnancy was performed at the level of all expressed genes, the level of the DEG, and the level of functional categories. This revealed specific gene expression patterns reflecting the different functions of the endometrium during these stages (i.e., recognition of pregnancy and preparation for conceptus attachment). Genes related to mitosis, immune response, epithelial cell differentiation and development, proteolysis, and prostaglandin signaling and metabolism are discussed in detail. This study identified comprehensive transcriptome changes in porcine endometrium associated with establishment of pregnancy and could be a resource for targeted studies of genes and pathways potentially involved in regulation of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastazia Samborski
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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126
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Bogacka I, Bogacki M, Kurzyńska A, Chojnowska K. The involvement of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) in prostaglandin F2α production by porcine endometrium. Reprod Biol 2013; 13:309-16. [PMID: 24287039 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the in vitro effects of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) ligands on PGF2α secretion and mRNA expression of prostaglandin F synthase (PGFS) in porcine endometrial explants collected on days 10-12 and 14-16 of the estrous cycle or pregnancy. The explants were incubated for 6h with: PPARα ligands - WY-14643 (agonist) and MK 886 (antagonist); PPARβ ligands - l-165,041 (agonist) and GW 9662 (antagonist); PPARγ ligands - 15d-prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2, agonist), rosiglitazone (agonist) and T0070907 (antagonist). The expression of PGFS mRNA in the endometrium and the concentration of PGF2α in culture media were determined by real time RT-PCR and radioimmunoassay, respectively. During the estrous cycle (days 10-12 and 14-16), the agonists - WY-14643 (PPARα), l-165,041 (PPARβ), PGJ2 and rosiglitazone (PPARγ) - increased PGF2α secretion but did not affect PGFS mRNA abundance. During pregnancy (days 10-12 and 14-16), PPARα and PPARγ ligands did not change PGF2α release, whereas PPARβ agonist augmented PGF2α release on days 14-16 of pregnancy. In addition, WY-14643 and l-165,041 increased PGFS mRNA level in both examined periods of pregnancy. PPARγ agonist (PGJ2) and antagonist (T0070907) enhanced PGFS mRNA abundance in the endometrium on days 10-12 and 14-16 of pregnancy, respectively. The results indicate that PPARs are involved in the production of PGF2α by porcine endometrium, and that the sensitivity of the endometrium to PPAR ligands depends on reproductive status of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bogacka
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, Poland.
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127
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Szóstek AZ, Lukasik K, Galvão AM, Ferreira-Dias GM, Skarzynski DJ. Impairment of the interleukin system in equine endometrium during the course of endometrosis. Biol Reprod 2013; 89:79. [PMID: 23946535 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.109447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to characterize endometrial mRNA transcription, immunolocalization, and protein expression of interleukin (IL) 1alpha, IL1beta, IL6, and IL1RI, IL1RII, and IL6Ralpha/beta in the course of endometrosis during the estrous cycle. Additionally, the influence of IL1alpha, IL1beta, and IL6 on prostaglandin (PG) secretion and PG synthase mRNA transcription in endometrial tissue during endometrosis was investigated. The endometrial samples were obtained at the early (n = 12), mid- (n = 12), and late (n = 12) luteal phases and at the follicular (n = 12) phase of the estrous cycle. Within each of these phases, there were four samples within each category I, II, and III of endometrium, according to the Kenney classification. In experiment 1, transcription of IL1alpha, IL1beta, IL6, and their receptor's (IL1RI, IL1RII, and IL6Ralpha/beta) mRNAs and their immunolocalization and protein expression were determined using real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. In Experiment 2, endometrial samples (n = 5 samples within categories I, II, and III) were obtained for tissue culture in the midluteal phase of the estrous cycle. The endometrial tissues were stimulated with IL1alpha (10 ng/ml), IL1beta (10 ng/ml), IL6 (10 ng/ml), and oxytocin (positive control; 10⁻⁷ M) for 24 h. The PG concentration was determined using ELISA. In addition, transcription of PTGS-2, PGES, and PGFS mRNAs was determined using real-time PCR. ILs were found to regulate PG secretion via modulation of PG synthases in equine endometrium. The alterations in IL and the expression of their receptors, and in endometrial secretory functions, were observed during the course of endometrosis, and suggest serious changes in the endometrial microenvironment. The described disturbances may be closely related to impaired endometrial processes responsible for the subfertility or the infertility in endometrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Z Szóstek
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Olsztyn, Poland
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128
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Korzekwa AJ, Lukasik K, Pilawski W, Piotrowska-Tomala KK, Jaroszewski JJ, Yoshioka S, Okuda K, Skarzynski DJ. Influence of prostaglandin F₂α analogues on the secretory function of bovine luteal cells and ovarian arterial contractility in vitro. Vet J 2013; 199:131-7. [PMID: 24268486 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although prostaglandin (PG) F2α analogues are routinely used for oestrus synchronisation in cattle, their effects on the function of the bovine corpus luteum (CL), and on ovarian arterial contractility, may not reflect the physiological effects of endogenous PGF2α. In the first of two related experiments, the effects of different analogues of PGF2α (aPGF2α) on the secretory function and apoptosis of cultured bovine cells of the CL were assessed. Enzymatically-isolated bovine luteal cells (from between days 8 and 12 of the oestrous cycle), were stimulated for 24h with naturally-occurring PGF2α or aPGF2α (dinoprost, cloprostenol or luprostiol). Secretion of progesterone (P4) was determined and cellular [Ca(2+)]i mobilisation, as well as cell viability and apoptosis were measured. Naturally-occurring PGF2α and dinoprost stimulated P4 secretion (P<0.05), whereas cloprostenol and luprostiol did not influence P4 synthesis. The greatest cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects were observed in the luprostiol-treated cells, at 37.3% and 202%, respectively (P<0.001). The greatest effect on [Ca(2+)]i mobilisation in luteal cells was observed post-luprostiol treatment (200%; P<0.001). In a second experiment, the influence of naturally-occurring PGF2α and aPGF2α on ovarian arterial contraction in vitro, were examined. No differences in the effects of dinoprost or naturally-occurring PGF2α were found across the studied parameters. The effects of cloprostenol and luprostiol on luteal cell death, in addition to their effects on ovarian arterial contractility, were much greater than those produced by treatment with naturally-occurring PGF2α.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Korzekwa
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - K Lukasik
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima Naka 1-1-1, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - W Pilawski
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - K K Piotrowska-Tomala
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - J J Jaroszewski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - S Yoshioka
- Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima Naka 1-1-1, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - K Okuda
- Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima Naka 1-1-1, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - D J Skarzynski
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland.
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129
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EL-Sherry TM, Senosy W, Mahmoud GB, Wasfy SI. Effect of dinoprost and cloprostenol on serum nitric oxide and corpus luteum blood flow during luteolysis in ewes. Theriogenology 2013; 80:513-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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130
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Weems YS, Raney A, Pang J, Uchima T, Lennon E, Johnson D, Nett TM, Randel RD, Weems CW. Prostaglandin E1 or E2 (PGE1, PGE2) prevents premature luteolysis induced by progesterone given early in the estrous cycle in ewes. Theriogenology 2013; 80:507-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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131
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Młynarczuk J, Wróbel MH, Kotwica J. Adverse influence of coumestrol on secretory function of bovine luteal cells in the first trimester of pregnancy. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2013; 28:411-418. [PMID: 21656645 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Coumestrol is one of a few biologically active substances present in leguminous plants, which are widely used as fodder for ruminants. Depending on the doses, coumestrol acts on the reproductive processes as an estrogen-like factor or antiestrogen to evoke a decrease in ovulation frequency, elongation of estrous cycle duration. The aim of the current investigations was to study the influence of coumestrol on secretory function of luteal cells obtained from first trimester of pregnant cows. Luteal cells (2.5 × 10(5) /mL) from 3rd to 5th, 6th to 8th, and 9th to 12th week of pregnancy were preincubated for 24 h and incubated with coumestrol (1 × 10(-6) M) for successive 48 h and the medium concentrations of progesterone (P4), oxytocin (OT), prostaglandin (PG) E2 and F2α were determined. Moreover, the expression of mRNA for neurophysin-I/oxytocin (NP-I/OT; precursor of OT) and peptidyl-glycine-α-amidating mono-oxygenase (PGA, an enzyme responsible for post-translational OT synthesis) was determined after 8 h of treatment. Coumestrol did not affect P4 secretion but increased the secretion of OT from the cells collected at all stages of gestation studied. Hence, the ratio of P4 to OT was markedly decreased. Simultaneously, coumestrol increased the expression of NP-I/OT mRNA during 9th to 12th weeks of pregnancy, and mRNA for PGA during 3rd to 5th and 9th to 12th weeks of gestation. Furthermore, coumestrol decreased PGE2 secretion from luteal cells in all studied stages of pregnancy, while it affected PGF2α metabolite (PGFM) concentration only from week 3 to 5 of pregnancy. Obtained results suggest that coumestrol impairs secretory function of the corpus luteum (CL) and this way it can affect the maintenance of pregnancy in the cow.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Młynarczuk
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
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132
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Jia Y, Lin J, Mi Y, Zhang C. Prostaglandin E(2) and insulin-like growth factor I interact to enhance proliferation of theca externa cells from chicken prehierarchical follicles. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2013; 106:91-8. [PMID: 23810989 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The interactive effect of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on the proliferation of theca externa cells (TECs) was investigated in the prehierarchical small yellow follicles of laying hens. IGF-I manifested a proliferating effect like PGE2 on TECs, but this stimulating effect was restrained by AG1024 (IGF-IR inhibitor), KP372-1 (PKB/AKT inhibitor) or NS398 (COX-2 inhibitor). AG1024, KP372-1 or NS398 abolished IGF-I-stimulated COX-2 expression and PGE2 production. Meanwhile, KP372-1, NS398 or AG1024 depressed the PGE2-stimulated expression of COX-2 and IGF-IR mRNA. Therefore, the IGF-I receptor pathway up-regulates COX-2 expression and PGE2 synthesis via PKB signaling cascade, and then PGE2 stimulates IGF-IR mRNA expression to promote TEC proliferation in an autocrine pattern. Overall, the reciprocal stimulation of intracellular PGE2 and IGF-I may enhance TEC proliferation and facilitate the development of chicken prehierarchical follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Jia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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133
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Differential gene expression in the endometrium on gestation day 12 provides insight into sow prolificacy. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:45. [PMID: 23339594 PMCID: PMC3610143 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erhualian pigs, one of Chinese Taihu pig breeds, are known to have the largest recorded litter size in the world. A lower prenatal death rate is the major contributing factor to the prolificacy of Taihu pigs. Cross-breeding experiments have demonstrated that Taihu sows exhibit a strong maternal effect and that their large litter sizes are mainly caused by maternal genes. The growth and development of porcine embryos on gestation day (GD) 12 are dependent on histotroph secreted by endometrium. Embryonic loss of Taihu pigs on GD12 is lower than that of Western pigs. Here, endometrial samples were collected from pregnant Erhualian sows (parity 3) and Landrace × Large White (LL) sows (parity 3) on GD12. Digital gene expression profiling (DGE) was used to measure the gene expression in the endometrium of the two breeds. RESULTS A total of 13,612 genes were differentially expressed between the two breeds (P < 0.001, FDR < 0.001). Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that the differential genes involved in reproduction and growth. Pathway analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes significantly enriched in 24 KEGG pathways. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR confirmed the differential expression of eight genes. Analyses of the differentially expressed genes suggested possible reasons for the difference in embryonic survival ratio between the two breeds. Specifically, these findings point to a higher ratio of PGE2:PGF2α in the endometrium of Erhualian pigs, which facilitates the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. We also suggest that the differences in the uterine environment lead to higher uterine capacity in Erhualian pigs. CONCLUSIONS The DGE expression profiles of Erhualian and LL endometrium demonstrated differential expression of genes. Our results will increase understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the low rate of embryonic loss in Chinese Taihu pigs, facilitate the identification of major genes that affect litter size, and be valuable for porcine transcriptomic studies.
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134
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Nazir G, Ghuman SPS, Singh J, Honparkhe M, Ahuja CS, Dhaliwal GS, Sangha MK, Saijpaul S, Agarwal SK. Improvement of conception rate in postpartum flaxseed supplemented buffalo with Ovsynch+CIDR protocol. Anim Reprod Sci 2012; 137:15-22. [PMID: 23260028 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Revised: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted on lactating Murrah buffalo to assess the effect of crushed flaxseed (a source of omega-3 fatty acids) supplementation (300g/100kg bwt/day for 60 days), over and above the routine feed, on luteolytic signal (PGF2α), luteal function (progesterone) and conception rate. In first experiment, on day 50 post-calving, six non-supplemented buffalo were treated to synchronize time of ovulation using an Ovsynch+Controlled Internal Drug Release (CIDR) protocol followed by intravenous oxytocin treatment (OT; 100IU) on day 15 post-ovulation. Blood samples were collected at 15min interval, 1h before to 4h after OT challenge. Thereafter, the same buffalo were supplemented with flaxseed, treated to synchronize time of ovulation starting on day 35 post-supplementation using the same protocol and subjected to OT treatment and blood sampling on day 15 post-ovulation. The PGF2α response was measured as the venous concentration of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF2α (PGFM). The mean hourly concentration of PGFM subsequent to flaxseed supplemented was less (P<0.05) than in the pre-supplementation period at all the occasions. Flaxseed supplementation did not affect plasma fatty acids and other plasma metabolites except for an increase (P<0.05) in plasma cholesterol and plasma alanine transaminase. In the second experiment, 31 buffalo were randomly assigned to a control (n=16) and flaxseed supplemented (n=15) group. The latter group was supplemented with flaxseed starting from day 15 post-calving. On day 50-post-calving, buffalo of both groups were treated to synchronize time of ovulation among animals as described for the first experiment followed by artificial insemination (AI). Post-AI luteal phase plasma progesterone was greater (P<0.05) in the supplemented group compared to controls. Conception rate on day 63 post-AI was 66.7% in supplemented and 31.2% in controls (P<0.05). The present study indicated the beneficial impact of dietary supplementation of crushed flaxseed on conception rate through attenuation of luteolytic signal and improvement in post-breeding luteal profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Nazir
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India.
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135
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Regulation of prostacyclin synthase expression and prostacyclin content in the pig endometrium. Theriogenology 2012; 78:2071-86. [PMID: 23043950 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) are critical regulators of a number of reproductive processes, including embryo development and implantation. In the present study, prostacyclin (PGI(2)) synthase (PGIS) mRNA and protein expression, as well as 6-keto PGF(1α) (a PGI(2) metabolite) concentration, were investigated in the pig uterus. Endometrial tissue and uterine luminal flushings were obtained on Days 4 to 18 of the estrous cycle and pregnancy. Additionally, conceptuses were collected and examined for PGIS mRNA expression and 6-keto PGF(1α) concentration. Regulation of PGI(2) synthesis in the porcine endometrium by steroids, conceptus products, and cytokines was studied in vitro and/or in vivo. Endometrial PGIS protein level increased on Days 12 and 16 in pregnant but not in cyclic gilts. Moreover, higher PGIS protein expression on Day 12 of pregnancy was accompanied by a greater content of 6-keto PGF(1α) in the endometrium. The concentration of 6-keto PGF(1α) in uterine luminal flushings increased substantially on Days 16 and 18 in pregnant gilts and was higher than in cyclic animals. Greater PGIS mRNA expression and PGI(2) metabolite concentration were detected in Day 12 and 14 conceptuses, respectively. Incubation of endometrial explants with conceptus-conditioned medium resulted in upregulation of PGIS protein expression and increased PGI(2) secretion. Moreover, PGIS mRNA and protein expression were upregulated in the endometrium collected from gravid uterine horn on Day 14 of pregnancy. In summary, PGIS is differentially expressed in the endometrium of cyclic and pregnant gilts resulting in higher PGI(2) synthesis in pregnant animals. Porcine conceptuses are important regulators of endometrial PGIS expression and PGI(2) release during the implantation period.
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136
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Lee J, McCracken JA, Stanley JA, Nithy TK, Banu SK, Arosh JA. Intraluteal Prostaglandin Biosynthesis and Signaling Are Selectively Directed Towards PGF2alpha During Luteolysis but Towards PGE2 During the Establishment of Pregnancy in Sheep1. Biol Reprod 2012; 87:97. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.100438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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137
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Pinaffi F, Khan F, Silva L, Beg M, Ginther O. Ovarian and PGF2α responses to stimulation of endogenous PRL pulses during the estrous cycle in mares. Theriogenology 2012; 78:1252-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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138
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Leonardi C, Pfeifer L, Rubin M, Singh J, Mapletoft R, Pessoa G, Bainy A, Silva C. Prostaglandin F2α promotes ovulation in prepubertal heifers. Theriogenology 2012; 78:1578-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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139
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Waters SM, Coyne GS, Kenny DA, MacHugh DE, Morris DG. Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation alters the expression of genes involved in the control of fertility in the bovine uterine endometrium. Physiol Genomics 2012; 44:878-88. [PMID: 22851761 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00065.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential for dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) to improve reproductive efficiency in cattle has received much interest. The mechanisms by which n-3 PUFA may affect physiological and biochemical processes in key reproductive tissues are likely to be mediated by significant alterations in gene expression. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of dietary n-3 PUFA supplementation on global uterine endometrial gene expression in cattle. Beef heifers were supplemented with a rumen protected source of either a saturated fatty acid (CON; palmitic acid) or high n-3 PUFA (n-3 PUFA; 275 g) diet per animal per day for 45 days and global gene expression was determined in uterine endometrial tissue using an Affymetrix oligonucleotide bovine array. A total of 1,807 (946 up- and 861 downregulated) genes were differentially expressed following n-3 PUFA supplementation. Dietary n-3 PUFA altered numerous cellular processes potentially important in the control of reproduction in cattle. These included prostaglandin biosynthesis, steroidogenesis and transcriptional regulation, while effects on genes involved in maternal immune response and tissue remodeling were also observed. This study provides new insights into the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation on the regulation of gene expression in the bovine uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinéad M Waters
- Teagasc, Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland.
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140
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Herzog K, Strüve K, Kastelic JP, Piechotta M, Ulbrich SE, Pfarrer C, Shirasuna K, Shimizu T, Miyamoto A, Bollwein H. Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide administration transiently suppresses luteal structure and function in diestrous cows. Reproduction 2012; 144:467-76. [PMID: 22829687 DOI: 10.1530/rep-12-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to characterize the effects of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin (given i.v.) on luteal structure and function. Seven nonlactating German Holstein cows, 5.1 ± 0.8 years old (mean ± s.e.m.), were given 10 ml saline on day 10 (ovulation=day 1) of a control estrous cycle. On day 10 of a subsequent cycle, they were given 0.5 μg/kg LPS. Luteal size decreased (from 5.2 to 3.8 cm², P≤0.05) within 24 h after LPS treatment and remained smaller throughout the remainder of the cycle. Luteal blood flow decreased by 34% (P≤0.05) within 3 h after LPS and remained lower for 72 h. Plasma progesterone (P₄) concentrations increased (P≤0.05) within the first 3 h after LPS but subsequently declined. Following LPS treatment, plasma prostaglandin (PG) F metabolites concentrations were approximately tenfold higher in LPS-treated compared with control cows (9.2 vs 0.8 ng/ml, P≤0.05) within 30 min, whereas plasma PGE concentrations were nearly double (P≤0.05) at 1 h after LPS. At 12 h after treatment, levels of mRNA encoding Caspase-3 in biopsies of the corpus luteum (CL) were increased (P≤0.05), whereas those encoding StAR were decreased (P≤0.05) in cattle given LPS vs saline. The CASP3 protein was localized in the cytoplasm and/or nuclei of luteal cells, whereas StAR was detected in the cytosol of luteal cells. In the estrous cycle following treatment with either saline or LPS, there were no significant differences between groups on luteal size, plasma P₄ concentrations, or gene expression. In conclusion, LPS treatment of diestrus cows transiently suppressed both the structure and function of the CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Herzog
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D30173 Hannover, Germany.
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141
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Shrestha HK, Beg MA, Burnette RR, Ginther OJ. Plasma clearance and half-life of prostaglandin F2alpha: a comparison between mares and heifers. Biol Reprod 2012; 87:18, 1-6. [PMID: 22553220 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.100776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Horses are about five times more sensitive to the luteolytic effect of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF) than cattle, as indicated by a recommended clinical dose of 5 mg in horses and 25 mg in cattle. Novel evaluations of the PGF plasma disappearance curves were made in mares and in heifers, and the two species were compared. Mares and heifers (n = 5) of similar body weight were injected (Min 0) intravenously with PGF (5 mg per animal). Blood was sampled every 10 sec until Min 3, every 30 sec until Min 5, every 10 min until Min 60, and every 30 min until Min 240. The mean PGF concentration was greater (P < 0.05) in mares than in heifers at Min 1 through Min 60 and at Mins 180 and 240. The mean time to maximum PGF concentration was not different between mares (42.0 ± 8.6 sec) and heifers (35.0 ± 2.9 sec). The apparent plasma clearance, distribution half-life, elimination half-life, and maximum plasma PGF concentration were 3.3 ± 0.5 L h(-1) kg(-1), 94.2 ± 15.9 sec, 25.9 ± 5.0 min, and 249.1 ± 36.8 ng/ml, respectively, in mares and 15.4 ± 2.3 L h(-1) kg(-1), 29.2 ± 3.9 sec, 9.0 ± 0.9 min, and 51.4 ± 22.6 ng/ml, respectively, in heifers. Plasma clearance was about five times less (P < 0.0005), maximum plasma PGF concentration was five times greater (P < 0.002), and the distribution half-life and elimination half-life were about three times longer (P < 0.005) in mares than in heifers. The fivefold greater plasma clearance of PGF in heifers than in mares corresponds to the recommended fivefold greater clinical dose of PGF in cattle and supported the hypothesis that the metabolic clearance of PGF is slower in mares than heifers.
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142
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Ali A, Al-Sobayil F, Hassanein K, Al-Hawas A. Ovarian hydrobursitis in female camels (Camelus dromedarius): The role of Chlamydophila abortus and a trial for medical treatment. Theriogenology 2012; 77:1754-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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143
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Ginther O, Beg M. The hour of transition into luteolysis in horses and cattle: A species comparison. Theriogenology 2012; 77:1731-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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144
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Ganguly B, Prasad S. Homology modeling and functional annotation of bubaline pregnancy associated glycoprotein 2. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2012; 3:13. [PMID: 22958467 PMCID: PMC3436636 DOI: 10.1186/2049-1891-3-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pregnancy associated glycoproteins form a diverse family of glycoproteins that are variably expressed at different stages of gestation. They are probably involved in immunosuppression of the dam against the feto-maternal placentome. The presence of the products of binucleate cells in maternal circulation has also been correlated with placentogenesis and placental re-modeling. The exact structure and function of the gene product is unknown due to limitations on obtaining purified pregnancy associated glycoprotein preparations. Results Our study describes an in silico derived 3D model for bubaline pregnancy associated glycoprotein 2. Structure-activity features of the protein were characterized, and functional studies predict bubaline pregnancy associated glycoprotein 2 as an inducible, extra-cellular, non-essential, N-glycosylated, aspartic pro-endopeptidase that is involved in down-regulation of complement pathway and immunity during pregnancy. The protein is also predicted to be involved in nutritional processes, and apoptotic processes underlying fetal morphogenesis and re-modeling of feto-maternal tissues. Conclusion The structural and functional annotation of buPAG2 shall allow the designing of mutants and inhibitors for dissection of the exact physiological role of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Ganguly
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G, B, Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, PIN: 263145, India.
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145
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Pugliesi G, Khan FA, Hannan MA, Beg MA, Carvalho GR, Ginther OJ. Inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis during postluteolysis and effects on CL regression, prolactin, and ovulation in heifers. Theriogenology 2012; 78:443-54. [PMID: 22578618 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The beginning of postluteolysis (progesterone, <1 ng mL(-1)) in heifers was targeted by using 8 h after ultrasonic detection of a 25% decrease in CL area (cm2) and was designated Hour 0. Flunixin meglumine (FM; n=10) to inhibit PGF2α secretion or vehicle (n=9) were given intramuscularly at Hours 0, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, and 40. The dose of FM was 2.5 mg/kg at each treatment. Blood sampling and measurement of the CL and dominant follicle were done every 8 h beginning 14 days postovulation in each group. Blood samples for detection of pulses of PRL and pulses of a metabolite of PGF2α (PGFM) were obtained every hour for 24 h beginning at Hour 0. Pulse concentrations of both PGFM and PRL were lower in the FM group than in the vehicle group. Concentration of PRL was greatest at the peak of a PGFM pulse. Neither CL area (cm2) nor progesterone concentration differed between groups during Hours 0 to 48 (postluteolysis). Ovulation occurred in nine of nine heifers in the vehicle group and in three of 10 heifers in the FM group. The anovulatory follicles in the FM group grew to 36.2±2.9 mm, and the wall became thickened from apparent luteinization. The hypothesis that PGF2α was involved in the continued P4 decrease and structural CL regression during postluteolysis was not supported. However, the hypotheses that pulses of PGFM and PRL were temporally related and that systemic FM treatment induced an anovulatory follicle were supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pugliesi
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, Wisconsin 53528, USA
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146
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Szóstek AZ, Siemieniuch MJ, Lukasik K, Galvão AM, Ferreira-Dias GM, Skarzynski DJ. mRNA transcription of prostaglandin synthases and their products in the equine endometrium in the course of fibrosis. Theriogenology 2012; 78:768-76. [PMID: 22578628 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Accurate regulation of the reproductive cycle and successful implantation depend on proper functioning of the endometrium. The aim of this study was to determine whether mRNA transcription of specific enzymes responsible for prostaglandin (PG) synthesis (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase, PTGS-2; prostaglandin F(2α) synthase, PGFS; and prostaglandin E(2) synthases, PGES) and PG concentrations in endometrial extracts would change in moderate (Kenney's Category II) and severe phases of fibrosis (Kenney's Category III; endometrosis), compared with healthy endometrium (Kenney's Category I), during the estrous cycle. Endometrial tissues samples were obtained from mares at the early (n = 12), mid (n = 12) and late (n = 12) luteal phases and the follicular phase (n = 12) of the estrous cycle. Additionally, all endometria were classified microscopically as belonging to Categories I and II or III according to the Kenney classification, resulting in allocation of 4 samples for each subcategory, e.g., mid luteal I, II and III. Relative mRNA transcription was quantified using Real-time PCR. Concentrations of PGE(2) and PGF(2α) in the endometrial extracts were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA). In Category I, PTGS-2 mRNA transcription was upregulated at the mid (P < 0.05) and late luteal phases (P < 0.001) and at the follicular phase (P < 0.05) compared to the early luteal phase. PGFS mRNA transcription as well as PGF(2α) concentrations increased at the mid (P < 0.01) and late (P < 0.05) luteal phases compared to the early luteal phase in Category I. PGES mRNA transcription was higher at the mid (P < 0.01) and late luteal phases (P < 0.05) compared to the early luteal and follicular phases in Category I. Prostaglandin E(2) concentration in Category I was higher at the mid luteal phase (P < 0.01) compared to all other phases of the estrous cycle. During incipient endometrosis (Category II) and under full endometrosis (Category III), PTGS-2, PGFS and PGES mRNA transcription and PG concentration were altered compared to the respective estrous phases in healthy endometria (P < 0.05). It may be concluded that serious changes in mRNA transcription of PG synthases and PG production that occur in the equine endometrium during the course of fibrosis in the estrous cycle could be responsible for disturbances leading to disorders of the estrous cycle and early embryo losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Z Szóstek
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Olsztyn, Poland
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147
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Ginther O. The end of the tour de force of the corpus luteum in mares. Theriogenology 2012; 77:1042-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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148
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Pate JL. It Takes Two to Tango but Four for the Finale. Biol Reprod 2012; 86:129. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.099150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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149
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Gulliver C, Friend M, King B, Clayton E. The role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in reproduction of sheep and cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2012; 131:9-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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150
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McCracken JA, Custer EE, Schreiber DT, Tsang PCW, Keator CS, Arosh JA. A new in vivo model for luteolysis using systemic pulsatile infusions of PGF(2α). Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2012; 97:90-6. [PMID: 22300963 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
A new in vivo model for studying luteolysis was developed in sheep to provide a convenient method for collecting corpora lutea for molecular, biochemical, and histological analysis during a procedure that mimics natural luteolysis. It was found that the infusion of prostaglandin F(2α) (PGF(2α)) at 20 μg/min/h into the systemic circulation during the mid luteal phase of the cycle allowed sufficient PGF(2α) to escape across the lungs and thus mimic the transient 40% decline in the concentration of progesterone in peripheral plasma seen at the onset of natural luteolysis in sheep. Additional 1h-long systemic infusions of PGF(2α), given at physiological intervals, indicated that two infusions were not sufficient to induce luteolysis. However, an early onset of luteolysis and estrus was induced in one out of three sheep with three infusions, two out of three sheep with four infusions, and three out of three sheep with five infusions. Reducing the duration of each systemic infusion of PGF(2α) from 1h to 30 min failed to induce luteolysis and estrus even after six systemic infusions indicating that, not only are the amplitude and frequency of PGF(2α) pulses essential for luteolysis, but the actual duration of each pulse is also critical. We conclude that a minimum of five systemic pulses of PGF(2α), given in an appropriate amount and at a physiological frequency and duration, are required to mimic luteolysis consistently in all sheep. The five pulse regimen thus provides a new accurate in vivo model for studying molecular mechanisms of luteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A McCracken
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-4040, USA.
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