101
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Joziasse DH, Shaper NL, Shaper JH, Kozak CA. Gene for murine alpha 1----3-galactosyltransferase is located in the centromeric region of chromosome 2. SOMATIC CELL AND MOLECULAR GENETICS 1991; 17:201-5. [PMID: 1901427 DOI: 10.1007/bf01232977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The gene for alpha 1----3-galactosyltransferase, termed Ggta-1, was mapped to mouse chromosome 2 by Southern blot analysis of Chinese hamster x mouse somatic cell hybrids. Using an intersubspecies back-cross, this locus was positioned to the centromeric region on this chromosome, near the Hc locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Joziasse
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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102
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Joziasse DH, Shaper NL, Salyer LS, Van den Eijnden DH, van der Spoel AC, Shaper JH. Alpha 1----3-galactosyltransferase: the use of recombinant enzyme for the synthesis of alpha-galactosylated glycoconjugates. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1990; 191:75-83. [PMID: 2116309 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb19095.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We have reported the isolation and characterization of a bovine cDNA clone containing the complete coding sequence for UDP-Gal:Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc alpha 1----3-galactosyltransferase [Joziasse, D. H., Shaper, J. H., Van den Eijnden, D. H., Van Tunen, A. J. & Shaper, N. L. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 14290-14297]. Insertion of this cDNA clone into the genome of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) and subsequent infection of Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells with recombinant virus, resulted in high-level expression of enzymatically active alpha 1----3-galactosyltransferase. The expressed enzyme accounted for about 2% of the cellular protein; the corresponding specific enzyme activity was 1000-fold higher than observed in calf thymus, the tissue with the highest specific enzyme activity reported to date. The recombinant alpha 1----3-galactosyltransferase could be readily detergent-solubilized and subsequently purified by affinity chromatography on UDP-hexanolamine-Sepharose. The recombinant alpha 1----3-galactosyltransferase showed the expected preference for the acceptor substrate N-acetyllactosamine (Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc), and demonstrated enzyme kinetics identical to those previously reported for affinity-purified calf thymus alpha 1----3-galactosyltransferase [Blanken, W. M. & Van den Eijnden, D. H. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 12927-12934]. In pilot studies, the recombinant enzyme was examined for the ability to synthesize alpha 1----3-galactosylated oligosaccharides, glycolipids and glycoproteins. By a combination of 1H-NMR, methylation analysis, HPLC, and exoglycosidase digestion it was established that, for each of the model compounds, the product of galactose transfer had the anticipated terminal structure, Gal alpha 1----3Gal beta 1----4-R. Our results demonstrate that catalysis by recombinant alpha 1----3-galactosyltransferase can be used to obtain preparative quantities of various alpha 1----3-galactosylated glycoconjugates. Therefore, enzymatic synthesis using the recombinant enzyme is an effective alternative to the chemical synthesis of these biologically relevant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Joziasse
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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103
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Larsen RD, Rivera-Marrero CA, Ernst LK, Cummings RD, Lowe JB. Frameshift and nonsense mutations in a human genomic sequence homologous to a murine UDP-Gal:beta-D-Gal(1,4)-D-GlcNAc alpha(1,3)-galactosyltransferase cDNA. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)39258-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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104
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Transfer and expression of a murine UDP-Gal:beta-D-Gal-alpha 1,3-galactosyltransferase gene in transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells. Competition reactions between the alpha 1,3-galactosyltransferase and the endogenous alpha 2,3-sialyltransferase. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)39314-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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105
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Katoh H, Ohgi K, Irie M, Endo T, Kobata A. The structure of the asparagine-linked sugar chains of bovine brain ribonuclease. Carbohydr Res 1990; 195:273-93. [PMID: 2331705 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(90)84171-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The asparagine-linked sugar chains of bovine brain ribonuclease were quantitatively released as oligosaccharides from the polypeptide backbone by hydrazinolysis. After N-acetylation, they were converted into radioactively-labeled oligosaccharides by NaB3H4 reduction. The radioactive oligosaccharide mixture was fractionated by ion-exchange chromatography, and the acidic oligosaccharides were converted into neutral oligosaccharides by sialidase digestion. The neutral oligosaccharides were then fractionated by Bio-Gel P-4 column chromatography. Structural studies of each oligosaccharide by sequential exoglycosidase digestion in combination with methylation analysis revealed that bovine brain ribonuclease showed extensive heterogeneity. It contains bi- and tri-antennary, complex-type oligosaccharides having alpha-D-Manp-(1----3)-[alpha-D-Manp-(1----6)]-beta-D-Manp -(1----4)-beta-D- GlcpNAc-(1----4)-[alpha-L-Fucp-(1----6)]-D-GlcNAc as their common core. Four different outside oligosaccharide chains, i.e., beta-D-Galp-(1----4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1----, alpha-Neu5Ac-(2----6)-beta-D- Galp-(1----4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1----, alpha-Neu5Ac-(2----3)-beta-D-Galp-(1----4)- beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1----, and alpha-D-Galp-(1----3)-beta-D-Galp-(1----4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1----, were found. The preferential distribution of the alpha-D-Galp-(1----3)-beta-D-Galp-(1----4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc group on the alpha-D-Manp-(1----6) arm is a characteristic feature of the sugar chains of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Katoh
- Department of Microbiology, Hoshi College of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
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106
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107
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Abstract
1% of circulating IgG in man is anti-Gal antibody, which interacts specifically with the carbohydrate structure Gal alpha 1----3Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc-R on mammalian glycoconjugates (described throughout as the alpha-galactosyl epitope). This epitope is abundant on cell surface glycoconjugates of non-primate mammals, prosimians, and New World monkeys. It is not found on cells of Old World monkeys, apes, and man because of diminished alpha 1----3 galactosyltransferase enzyme activity. However, the alpha 1----3 galactosyltransferase gene seems to be present within the human genome. A mechanism that increases alpha 1----3 galactosyltransferase activity in human cells could trigger an autoimmune process mediated by anti-Gal binding to the newly synthesised alpha-galactosyl epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Galili
- MacMillan-Cargill Hematology Research Laboratory, Cancer Research Institute, San Francisco, California
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108
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Joziasse DH, Shaper JH, Van den Eijnden DH, Van Tunen AJ, Shaper NL. Bovine α1→3-Galactosyltransferase: Isolation and Characterization of a cDNA Clone. J Biol Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)71676-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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109
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Webb EC. Enzyme nomenclature. Recommendations 1984. Supplement 2: corrections and additions. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1989; 179:489-533. [PMID: 2920724 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb14579.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E C Webb
- Nomenclature Committe of the International Union od Biochemistry (NC-IUB)
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110
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Eppenberger-Castori S, Lötscher H, Finne J. Purification of the N-acetylglucosaminide alpha(1-3/4)fucosyltransferase of human milk. Glycoconj J 1989; 6:101-14. [PMID: 2535472 DOI: 10.1007/bf01047893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The N-acetylglucosaminide alpha(1-3/4)fucosyltransferase has been purified 1.8 x 10(6)-fold from human milk by ion-exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography on GDP-agarose and HPLC. The alpha(1-3/4)fucosyltransferase behaves in gel filtration-HPLC as a molecule of M(r) 98,000, and differs from the alpha(1-3)fucosyltransferase which behaves like a molecule of about M(r) 47,000. The enzyme is a glycoprotein, and the purified preparation appears in SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a band of M(r) 44,000. The results present the first purification of human milk alpha(1-3/4)fucosyltransferase to apparent homogeneity, and suggest that the alpha(1-3/4)- and alpha(1-3)fucosyltransferase of human milk differ in their native molecular sizes, the former being a dimer of two subunits.
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111
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Elices MJ, Goldstein IJ. Biosynthesis of Bi-, Tri-, and Tetraantennary Oligosaccharides Containing α-D-Galactosyl Residues at Their Nonreducing Termini. J Biol Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)94197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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112
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Galili U, Shohet SB, Kobrin E, Stults CL, Macher BA. Man, apes, and Old World monkeys differ from other mammals in the expression of alpha-galactosyl epitopes on nucleated cells. J Biol Chem 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)77900-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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113
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van den Eijnden DH, Koenderman AH, Schiphorst WE. Biosynthesis of blood group i-active polylactosaminoglycans. Partial purification and properties of an UDP-GlcNAc:N-acetyllactosaminide beta 1—-3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase from Novikoff tumor cell ascites fluid. J Biol Chem 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)37777-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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114
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Affiliation(s)
- U Galili
- MacMillan-Cargill Hematology Research Laboratory, Cancer Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco 94143
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115
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Ehrlich ascites tumor cell UDP-Gal:N-acetyl-D-glucosamine beta(1,4)-galactosyltransferase. Purification, characterization, and topography of the acceptor-binding site. J Biol Chem 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)69079-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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116
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117
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Cummings RD, Mattox SA. Retinoic acid-induced differentiation of the mouse teratocarcinoma cell line F9 is accompanied by an increase in the activity of UDP-galactose: beta-D-galactosyl-alpha 1,3-galactosyltransferase. J Biol Chem 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)57422-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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118
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Primary structure of beta-galactoside alpha 2,6-sialyltransferase. Conversion of membrane-bound enzyme to soluble forms by cleavage of the NH2-terminal signal anchor. J Biol Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)45441-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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119
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Joziasse DH, Damen HC, de Jong-Brink M, Edzes HT, Van den Eijnden DH. Identification of a UDP-Gal:beta-galactoside beta 1----3-galactosyltransferase in the albumen gland of the snail Lymnaea stagnalis. FEBS Lett 1987; 221:139-44. [PMID: 3113997 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(87)80368-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Detergent extracts of the albumen gland of the snail Lymnaea stagnalis contain an enzyme activity that transfers Gal from UDP-Gal to acceptor substrates with terminal non-reducing beta-galactose residues. The products formed with lactose (Gal beta 1----4Glc) as the acceptor were characterized by HPLC, and subjected to 400-MHz 1H-NMR and methylation analysis. The main product was shown to have the structure Gal beta 1----3Gal beta 1----4Glc. Therefore, the galactosyltransferase can be identified as a UDP-Gal:beta-galactoside beta 1----3-galactosyltransferase. In view of its linkage and acceptor specificity, the enzyme may be essential to the biosynthesis of galactogen, the main polysaccharide produced by albumen glands of L. stagnalis.
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120
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Koenderman AH, Koppen PL, Van den Eijnden DH. Biosynthesis of polylactosaminoglycans. Novikoff ascites tumor cells contain two UDP-GlcNAc:beta-galactoside beta 1----6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activities. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1987; 166:199-208. [PMID: 2954821 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb13502.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Novikoff ascites tumor cells contain a UDP-GlcNAc:beta-galactoside beta 1----6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (beta 6-GlcNAc-transferase B) that acts on galactosides and N-acetylgalactosaminides in which the accepting sugar is beta 1----3 substituted by a Gal or GlcNAc residue. Characterization of enzyme products by 1H-NMR and methylation analysis indicates that an R beta 1----3(GlcNAc beta 1----6)Gal- branching point is formed such as occurs in blood-group-I-active substances. The enzyme does not show an absolute divalent cation requirement and 20 mM EDTA is not inhibitory. The activity is strongly inhibited by Triton X-100 at concentrations of greater than or equal to 0.2%. Competition studies suggest that a single enzyme acts on Gal beta 1----3Gal beta 1----4Glc, GlcNAc beta 1----3Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc and GlcNAc beta 1----3GalNAc alpha-O-benzyl (Km values 0.71, 0.83 and 0.53 mM, respectively). Gal beta----3Gal beta 1----4Glc as an acceptor substrate for beta 6-GlcNAc-transferase B does not inhibit the incorporation of GlcNAc in beta 1----6 linkage to the terminal Gal residues of asialo-alpha 1-acid glycoprotein catalyzed by a beta-galactoside beta 1----6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (beta 6-GlcNAc-transferase A) previously described in Novikoff ascites tumor cells [D. H. Van den Eijnden, H. Winterwerp, P. Smeeman & W.E.C.M. Schiphorst (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 3435-3437]. Neither is Triton X-100 at a concentration of 0.8% inhibitory for the activity of beta 6-GlcNAc-transferase A. This activity is absent from hog gastric mucosa microsomes, which has been described to contain high levels of beta 6-GlcNAc-transferase B. [F. Piller, J. P. Cartron, A. Maranduba, A. Veyrières, Y. Leroy & B. Fournet (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 13,385-13,390]. Our results show that Novikoff tumor cells contain two beta-galactoside beta 6-GlcNAc-transferases, which differ in acceptor specificity and tolerance towards Triton X-100. A role for these enzymes in the synthesis of branched polylactosaminoglycans and of O-linked oligosaccharide core structures having blood-group I activity is proposed.
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121
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Control of glycoprotein synthesis. Purification of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:alpha-D-mannoside beta 1-2 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II from rat liver. J Biol Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)45642-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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122
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Joziasse D, Schiphorst W, Van den Eijnden D, Van Kuik J, Van Halbeek H, Vliegenthart J. Branch specificity of bovine colostrum CMP-sialic acid: Gal beta 1—4GlcNAc-R alpha 2—6-sialyltransferase. Sialylation of bi-, tri-, and tetraantennary oligosaccharides and glycopeptides of the N-acetyllactosamine type. J Biol Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)61613-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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123
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Blaszczyk-Thurin M, Thurin J, Hindsgaul O, Karlsson KA, Steplewski Z, Koprowski H. Y and blood group B type 2 glycolipid antigens accumulate in a human gastric carcinoma cell line as detected by monoclonal antibody. Isolation and characterization by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. J Biol Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)75937-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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124
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Purification and characterization of a UDP-Gal:beta-D-Gal(1,4)-D-GlcNAc alpha(1,3)-galactosyltransferase from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. J Biol Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)38493-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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125
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Takasaki S, Mizuochi T, Kobata A. Re-examination of the anomeric configuration of the galactose-(1?3)-galactose linkages in the asparagine-linked sugar chains of subcomponent C1q of bovine complement and calf thymocyte plasma membrane glycoproteins. Glycoconj J 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01049501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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