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Hashimoto-Gotoh T, Kume A, Masahashi W, Takeshita S, Fukuda A. Improved vector, pHSG664, for direct streptomycin-resistance selection: cDNA cloning with G:C-tailing procedure and subcloning of double-digest DNA fragments. Gene X 1986; 41:125-8. [PMID: 3009270 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(86)90275-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A plasmid cloning vector, pHSG664, has been constructed which is suitable for the direct-selection of transformed cells with recombinant DNAs. The plasmid contains the replicon and ApR-gene region of pUC9 ligated to the strA+ (rpsL+) gene derived from pNO1523 [Dean, Gene 15 (1981) 99-102]. The vector contains ten unique restriction sites: EcoRI, HpaI, PvuII, SphI, PstI, SmaI(XmaI), BamHI, SalI(AccI, HincII), XbaI and HindIII. Five sites (bold-face lettering) are located within the coding region of the strA+ gene. Any insertion at the five bold-faced sites or any nucleotide replacement involving the strA+ gene region and the other unique sites can be selected by Ap and Sm double selection in a strA- (SmR) strain such as E. coli HB101. Thus, this vector is useful for cDNA cloning at either the SphI or the PstI site with the G:C-tailing procedure, as well as for the cloning of double-digest DNA segments.
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102
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103
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Abstract
We have cloned and sequenced a region of the Torulopsis glabrata mitochondrial genome homologous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae var1 gene (var1Sc). An open reading frame that could encode a protein of 339 amino acids was found with 72.7% amino acid and 85.3% nucleotide sequence homology to the S. cerevisiae var1 gene. The T. glabrata gene (var1Tg) is transcribed yielding two stable RNAs, a more abundant 13.5 S RNA and a less abundant 18 S species. We have also identified a candidate for a T. glabrata var1 protein among mitochondrial translation products labeled in isolated mitochondria. The var1Tg gene is even more A + T-rich (93%) than var1Sc (89.6%) and has conserved the strong codon bias of var1Sc. Major differences between the two sequences were found. Significant among these are that no GC clusters are found in var1Tg and the sequences surrounding each of the sites where known polymorphisms exist in var1Sc have deletions at the corresponding sites in var1Tg. These data are discussed with respect to possible origins of these var1 genes and translocation of GC clusters in S. cerevisiae mitochondrial DNA.
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104
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Cohn DH, Mileham AJ, Simon MI, Nealson KH, Rausch SK, Bonam D, Baldwin TO. Nucleotide sequence of the luxA gene of Vibrio harveyi and the complete amino acid sequence of the alpha subunit of bacterial luciferase. J Biol Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)88948-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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105
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Abbott PJ. Mutational and recombinational events in carcinogen-modified plasmid DNA. Influence of host-cell repair genes. Mutat Res 1985; 145:25-34. [PMID: 3883146 DOI: 10.1016/0167-8817(85)90036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A plasmid containing the STR operon has been modified in vitro (i) by irradiation with UV light, (ii) by reaction with ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS), (iii) by reaction with N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (AcO-AAF), (iv) by reaction with (+/-)trans-benzo[a]pyrene-7, 8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE), and (v) by heating at 70 degrees C to produce apurinic sites. Suitably modified plasmid DNA was then used to transform both repair-proficient and repair-deficient strains of Escherichia coli, and the mutation frequency in the plasmid-encoded rspL+ gene measured. The influence of host mutations in the uvrB+, recA+, umuC+ and lexA+, genes on the mutation frequency have been investigated. Transformation into a uvrB strain significantly decreased survival and increased the level of mutations observed for UV- and AcO-AAF-modified plasmid DNA, while only a small increase in mutation frequency was seen with EMS-modified DNA and no increase in mutation frequency with plasmid DNA containing apurinic sites. Mutagenesis in UV- and BPDE-modified DNA (and probably also DNA containing apurinic sites) was totally dependent on he recA+ gene product, while EMS and AcO-AAF induced mutagenesis was only partially independent on the recA+ gene. Transformation of UV- or BPDE-modified DNA into a umuC or lexA strain, on the other hand, showed no change in mutation frequency from that observed with wild-type strain. Pre-irradiation of the wild-type host with UV light before transformation led to a significant increase in mutation frequency for UV- and BPDE-modified plasmid DNA. These results are discussed in terms of mutational or recombinational pathways which may be available to act on modified plasmid DNA, and suggest that the majority of the mutational events measured in this system are due to recombination between homologous regions on the plasmid and chromosomal DNA.
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106
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Yu TJ, Schwartz HA, Cohen SA, Vouros P, Karger BL. Sequence analysis of derivatized peptides by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1984; 301:425-40. [PMID: 6501498 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)89216-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
N-Acetyl-N,O,S-permethylated derivatives of oligopeptides were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) using a moving belt interface. A heated-gas nebulizer was employed for sample deposition, thus permitting the effective use of a water-methanol gradient covering the range from 5% to 95% water at mobile phase flow-rates of 0.5 ml/min. We demonstrate in this paper that it is possible to sequence the octapeptide derived from the C-chain of glucagon by HPLC-MS analysis of a permethylated enzymatic hydrolysate of this peptide using overlap information from the mass spectral patterns. Moreover, it is shown that peptides not readily amenable to analysis by gas chromatography-MS can be analyzed using this approach. Preliminary results suggest that N-acetyl-methyl ester derivatives of oligopeptides may in specific cases also be a useful alternative for HPLC-MS analysis of complex oligopeptide mixtures.
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107
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Hsu LM, Klee HJ, Zagorski J, Fournier MJ. Structure of an Escherichia coli tRNA operon containing linked genes for arginine, histidine, leucine, and proline tRNAs. J Bacteriol 1984; 158:934-42. [PMID: 6327651 PMCID: PMC215531 DOI: 10.1128/jb.158.3.934-942.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A plasmid containing a gene for the most abundant Escherichia coli leucine isoacceptor tRNA, tRNALeu1 (anticodon CAG) was isolated from the Clarke-Carbon bank of cloned E. coli DNA. The clone contains a 12.3-kilobase DNA insert which was mapped by F' DNA hybridization analysis to the region 82 to 89 min on the chromosome. The cloned tDNALeu corresponds to the minor of two chromosomal regions containing different amounts of DNA complementary to tRNALeuCAG . Sequencing of the tDNA region revealed it to contain a multimeric transcription unit consisting of four different tRNA genes. The genes are in the arrangement 5'-leader- tRNAArgCCG -57 base pairs- tRNAHisGUG -20 base pairs- tRNALeuCAG -42 base pairs- tRNAProUGG -3'. Coordinate expression of the component tRNAs in vivo and the absence of intercistronic promoters indicated that all four tDNAs reside in the same operon. The tDNA sequence is bounded by a promoter element showing good agreement with the procaryotic consensus sequence and a GC-rich stem-loop element that corresponds to a rho-independent terminator. The promoter region contains a GC-rich sequence that agrees with a suggested consensus stringency control element and two domains possessing dyad symmetry which flank the Pribnow box and include the putative stringency control region.
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108
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Yamamoto T, Tamura T, Yokota T. Primary structure of heat-labile enterotoxin produced by Escherichia coli pathogenic for humans. J Biol Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)42952-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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109
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Abstract
The structural aspects of recognition by E. coli ribosomes of translational initiation regions on homologous messenger RNAs have been reviewed. Also discussed is the location of initiation region on mRNA, its confines, typical nucleotide sequences responsible for initiation signal, and the influence of RNA macrostructure on protein synthesis initiation. Most of the published DNA nucleotide sequences surrounding the start of various E. coli genes and those of its phages have been collected.
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110
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Nakayama N, Arai N, Bond MW, Kaziro Y, Arai K. Nucleotide sequence of dnaB and the primary structure of the dnaB protein from Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)43626-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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111
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Parker J, Johnston TC, Borgia PT, Holtz G, Remaut E, Fiers W. Codon usage and mistranslation. In vivo basal level misreading of the MS2 coat protein message. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)44598-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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112
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Nakamura M, Maruyama IN, Soma M, Kato J, Suzuki H, Horota Y. On the process of cellular division in Escherichia coli: nucleotide sequence of the gene for penicillin-binding protein 3. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1983; 191:1-9. [PMID: 6350821 DOI: 10.1007/bf00330881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We determined the nucleotide sequence of a DNA fragment containing the ftsI gene coding for the penicillin-binding protein 3 (PBP-3), an indispensable enzyme for cell division of Escherichia coli. The entire ftsI gene was within the 2.8 kilobase PvuII fragment derived from the chromosomal segment on pLC26-6 (Nishimura et al. 1977). The coding region for PBP-3 was identified by comparison with the N-terminal amino acid sequence of in vitro synthesized PBP-3. The structural gene for ftsI consisted of 1,764 base-pairs coding for a 588 amino acid residue-polypeptide with a molecular weight of 63,850. PBP-3 synthesized in vitro showed a lower mobility in SDS-gel electrophoresis than that of the authentic PBP-3, suggesting that the primary translation product of the ftsI gene may be processed to yield mature PBP-3.
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113
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Complete nucleotide sequence of the metapyrocatechase gene on the TOI plasmid of Pseudomonas putida mt-2. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)32807-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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114
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Kelly SJ, Loria J, Gyves MT, Ilan J. Effect of transfer RNA from various sources on placental messenger RNA translation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1983; 29:181-95. [PMID: 6832470 DOI: 10.1016/0303-7207(83)90212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Poly(A+)-containing mRNA from human term placenta was used to direct protein synthesis in a nuclease-treated rabbit reticulocyte lysate, which is dependent on mRNA and tRNA for maximal activity. The major protein product was human pre-placental lactogen (hPL). Addition of tRNA from rabbit liver, rabbit reticulocyte, human first trimester and term placenta, human liver and yeast resulted in 2-5-fold stimulation of [35S]methionine incorporation into total protein. Although all mammalian tRNA increased hPL synthesis, the relative synthesis as compared to endogenous globin was markedly different and most efficient with tRNA from term placenta. Addition of yeast tRNA increased total incorporation 3-fold but decreased incorporation of [35S]methionine into pre-hPL. These results suggest that the population of isoacceptor tRNAs may influence the expression of hPL in term placenta. Results are discussed by showing codon bias and usage of mRNA coding for hPL, alpha- and beta-hCG, rabbit globin and yeast alcohol dehydrogenase I.
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115
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Subramanian AR. Structure and functions of ribosomal protein S1. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1983; 28:101-42. [PMID: 6348874 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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116
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Engelberg-Kulka H, Amiel A, Dekel L, Raveh B, Schoulaker-Schwarz R. Genetic analysis of a streptomycin-resistant Escherichia coli mutant temperature-sensitive for nonsense suppression. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1982; 188:149-55. [PMID: 6757671 DOI: 10.1007/bf00333010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Continuing the genetic and biochemical characterization of the streptomycin-resistant Escherichia coli mutant LD1, we confirmed that LD1 is temperature-sensitive for suppression of nonsense codons, and that this phenotype of the mutant and its streptomycin-resistance are genetically linked and are probably caused by a single mutation, strA(LD1). We also isolated a spontaneous revertant, called LD1-R, which partially relieves the restriction of nonsense suppression caused by the strA(LD1) mutation. LD1-R is derived by an additional mutation (revA) which is closely linked to strA(LD1). We further demonstrate that the weak suppression of a lacZUGA mutation in a suppressor-free strain, which probably takes place by normal tRNA1rp, can be detected by the use of the chromagenic substance x-gal (5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-Galactopyranoside).
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117
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Cole ST, Grundström T, Jaurin B, Robinson JJ, Weiner JH. Location and nucleotide sequence of frdB, the gene coding for the iron-sulphur protein subunit of the fumarate reductase of Escherichia coli. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1982; 126:211-6. [PMID: 6751816 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1982.tb06768.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The frdB gene, encoding the iron-sulphur protein subunit of fumarate reductase, has been located and its complete nucleotide sequence determined. The identity of the gene was confirmed by protein chemical studies and determination of the NH2-terminal sequence of the FrdB protein. The frdB gene is situated distal to and partially overlapped by frdA which codes for the flavoprotein subunit of the reductase. Its reading frame contains 244 codons and predicts a protein of Mr 27092. In composition, the FrdB protein is strikingly similar to the corresponding subunit of the related flavoenzyme, succinate dehydrogenase. Analysis of the protein's primary structure revealed several features characteristic of iron-sulphur proteins.
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118
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Ikemura T. Correlation between the abundance of yeast transfer RNAs and the occurrence of the respective codons in protein genes. Differences in synonymous codon choice patterns of yeast and Escherichia coli with reference to the abundance of isoaccepting transfer RNAs. J Mol Biol 1982; 158:573-97. [PMID: 6750137 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(82)90250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 509] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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119
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Hall CV, vanCleemput M, Muench KH, Yanofsky C. The nucleotide sequence of the structural gene for Escherichia coli tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. J Biol Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(20)65116-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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120
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Grosjean H, Fiers W. Preferential codon usage in prokaryotic genes: the optimal codon-anticodon interaction energy and the selective codon usage in efficiently expressed genes. Gene 1982; 18:199-209. [PMID: 6751939 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(82)90157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 664] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
By considering the nucleotide sequence of several highly expressed coding regions in bacteriophage MS2 and mRNAs from Escherichia coli, it is possible to deduce some rules which govern the selection of the most appropriate synonymous codons NNU or NNC read by tRNAs having GNN, QNN or INN as anticodon. The rules fit with the general hypothesis that an efficient in-phase translation is facilitated by proper choice of degenerate codewords promoting a codon-anticodon interaction with intermediate strength (optimal energy) over those with very strong or very weak interaction energy. Moreover, codons corresponding to minor tRNAs are clearly avoided in these efficiently expressed genes. These correlations are clearcut in the normal reading frame but not in the corresponding frameshift sequences +1 and +2. We hypothesize that both the optimization of codon-anticodon interaction energy and the adaptation of the population to codon frequency or vice versa in highly expressed mRNAs of E. coli are part of a strategy that optimizes the efficiency of translation. Conversely, codon usage in weakly expressed genes such as repressor genes follows exactly the opposite rules. It may be concluded that, in addition to the need for coding an amino acid sequence, the energetic consideration for codon-anticodon pairing, as well as the adaptation of codons to the tRNA population, may have been important evolutionary constraints on the selection of the optimal nucleotide sequence.
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121
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122
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Cole ST. Nucleotide sequence coding for the flavoprotein subunit of the fumarate reductase of Escherichia coli. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1982; 122:479-84. [PMID: 7037404 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1982.tb06462.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The nucleotide sequence of the frdA gene, which encodes the flavoprotein subunit of the fumarate reductase, of Escherichia coli, has been determined. A polypeptide of Mr = 66,052, containing 602 amino acid residues, is predicted. In composition the FrdA protein strongly resembles the flavoprotein subunits of two succinate dehydrogenases. Moreover, a sequence of nine consecutive residues is common to the flavoprotein subunits from fumarate reductase and the beef heart succinate dehydrogenase. This sequence contains a histidyl residue which probably services as the site for attachment of the FAD cofactor to the reductase.
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123
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124
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Abstract
A cluster of four tRNA genes in Escherichia coli is co-transcribed with an adjacent gene encoding elongation factor Tu. The resultant transcript that specifies both structural (tRNA) and informational (mRNA) RNA may not be an uncommon occurrence and has interesting regulatory implications.
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125
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Lee JS, An G, Friesen JD, Isono K. Cloning and the nucleotide sequence of the genes for Escherichia coli ribosomal proteins L28 (rpmB) and L33 (rpmG). MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1981; 184:218-23. [PMID: 7035835 DOI: 10.1007/bf00272908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The specialized transducing bacteriophage lambda dpyrE DNA was used as a source of DNA to clone two ribosomal protein genes rpmB (L28) and rpmG (L33) on the cloning vehicle pACYC184. Using one of these plasmids, the nucleotide sequence of these two genes and their flanking regions were determined. The amino acid sequences of both proteins deduced from the nucleotide sequences match with the amino acid sequences previously determined, with one exception. The nucleotide sequences suggest that these two ribosomal protein genes are cotranstribed. There was no expression of the second gene of the operon, rpmG, in the absence of the 5' sequences adjacent to the first gene, rpmB. Observation of the structure of mRNA also strongly supports the idea that rpmB and rpmG are in a single transcription unit whose order is: rpmBp-rpmB-rpmG-rpmGt.
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126
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Olins PO, Nomura M. Regulation of the S10 ribosomal protein operon in E. coli: nucleotide sequence at the start of the operon. Cell 1981; 26:205-11. [PMID: 7037196 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90303-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We have determined the DNA sequence of a 1250 base pair segment of the Escherichia coli chromosome that carries the promoter for the S10 ribosomal protein operon, the S10 gene and part of the L3 gene. A DNA fragment carrying the putative S10 promoter was cloned into the plasmid mini-Col E1, which contains a transcription termination signal close to the single Hind II site. Cells harboring the hybrid plasmid produced a relatively stable hybrid mRNA with the expected sequence, demonstrating that the promoter functions in vivo. Comparison of the mRNA sequence around the start of the S10 coding region, the presumed target site for L4 repressor protein, with the known binding site for L4 on 23S rRNA revealed the presence of sequence homologies. This supports the model of the translational feedback regulation of the S10 operon by L4.
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127
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128
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Ikemura T. Correlation between the abundance of Escherichia coli transfer RNAs and the occurrence of the respective codons in its protein genes: a proposal for a synonymous codon choice that is optimal for the E. coli translational system. J Mol Biol 1981; 151:389-409. [PMID: 6175758 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1014] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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129
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Mackie G. Nucleotide sequence of the gene for ribosomal protein S20 and its flanking regions. J Biol Chem 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)43405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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130
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Greene P, Gupta M, Boyer H, Brown W, Rosenberg J. Sequence analysis of the DNA encoding the Eco RI endonuclease and methylase. J Biol Chem 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)69752-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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131
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Yokota T, Sugisaki H, Takanami M, Kaziro Y. The nucleotide sequence of the cloned tufA gene of Escherichia coli. Gene X 1980; 12:25-31. [PMID: 7011903 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(80)90012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The 4 kb (8.5 % lambda units) EcoRI fragment harboring the tufA gene of Escherichia coli was cloned using plasmid pTUA1 (Shibuya et al., 1979) and its structure was analyzed. The nucleotide sequence of about 1500 base pairs, covering the C-terminal portion of elongation factor EF-G (fus gene), the intercistronic region between fus and tufA, the entire structural gene for tufA with the GUG initiation and UAA termination codons, and the 3' flanking region of tufA, was determined. Comparison of the tufA nucleotide sequence with the tufB sequence (An and Friesen, 1980) and the known amino acid sequence of EF-Tu (Arai et al., 1980) revealed that the products of genes tufA and tufB are identical except for one amino acid at the C-terminal, i.e., glycine for tufA and serine for tufB. Nucleotide differences between tufA and tufB were found at 13 positions. Among them, one in the initiation codon and the other one in the C-terminal amino acid codon had replacements at the first letter of the codons. The other eleven changes were in the third codon positions, which did not affect the amino acid coding. The pattern of codon usage in tufA and tufB is highly nonrandom, and remarkably similar to that in ribosomal protein genes, with the codons for the most abundant species of isoaccepting tRNAs being preferentially utilized (Post et al., 1979; Post and Nomura, 1980).
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