101
|
Wang XH, Peng HS, Yang L, You FT, Teng F, Tang AW, Zhang FJ, Li XH. Poly-l-lysine assisted synthesis of core–shell nanoparticles and conjugation with triphenylphosphonium to target mitochondria. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:5143-5152. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20884b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
102
|
Shen XM, Zheng BY, Huang XR, Wang L, Huang JD. The first silicon(iv) phthalocyanine–nucleoside conjugates with high photodynamic activity. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:10398-403. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt50910a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
103
|
Hsieh MC, Chien CH, Chang CC, Chang TC. Aggregation induced photodynamic therapy enhancement based on linear and nonlinear excited FRET of fluorescent organic nanoparticles. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:2350-2357. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb00345k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
104
|
Rajaputra P, Nkepang G, Watley R, You Y. Synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of lipophilic cation conjugated photosensitizers for targeting mitochondria. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 21:379-87. [PMID: 23245573 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria-specific photosensitizers were designed by taking advantage of the preferential localization of delocalized lipophilic cations (DLCs) in mitochondria. Three DLC-porphyrin conjugates: CMP-Rh (a core modified porphyrin-rhodamine B cation), CMP-tPP (a core modified porphyrin-mono-triphenyl phosphonium cation), CMP-(tPP)(2) (a core modified porphyrin-di-tPP cation) were prepared. The conjugates were synthesized by conjugating a monohydroxy core modified porphyrin (CMP-OH) to rhodamine B (Rh B), or either one or two tPPs, respectively, via a saturated hydrocarbon linker. Their ability for delivering photosensitizers to mitochondria was evaluated using dual staining fluorescence microscopy. In addition, to evaluate the efficiency of the conjugates as photosensitizers, their photophysical properties and in vitro biological activities were studied in comparison to those of CMP-OH. Fluorescence imaging study suggested that CMP-Rh specifically localized in mitochondria. On the other hand, CMP-tPP and CMP-(tPP)(2) showed less significant mitochondrial localization. All conjugates were capable of generating singlet oxygen at rates comparable to CMP-OH. Interestingly, all cationic conjugates showed dramatic increase in cellular uptake and phototoxicity compared to CMP-OH. This improved photodynamic activity might be primarily due to an enhanced cellular uptake. Our study suggests that Rh B cationic group is better at least for CMP than tPP as a mitochondrial targeting vector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Rajaputra
- College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
105
|
Josefsen LB, Boyle RW. Unique diagnostic and therapeutic roles of porphyrins and phthalocyanines in photodynamic therapy, imaging and theranostics. Theranostics 2012; 2:916-66. [PMID: 23082103 PMCID: PMC3475217 DOI: 10.7150/thno.4571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyrinic molecules have a unique theranostic role in disease therapy; they have been used to image, detect and treat different forms of diseased tissue including age-related macular degeneration and a number of different cancer types. Current focus is on the clinical imaging of tumour tissue; targeted delivery of photosensitisers and the potential of photosensitisers in multimodal biomedical theranostic nanoplatforms. The roles of porphyrinic molecules in imaging and pdt, along with research into improving their selective uptake in diseased tissue and their utility in theranostic applications are highlighted in this Review.
Collapse
|
106
|
Gauna GA, Cobice D, Awruch J. Efficient diborane-mediated synthesis of phthalocyanines carrying amino groups near the macrocycle. Polyhedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2012.07.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
107
|
Yeh SCA, Diamond KR, Patterson MS, Nie Z, Hayward JE, Fang Q. Monitoring photosensitizer uptake using two photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. Am J Cancer Res 2012; 2:817-26. [PMID: 23082095 PMCID: PMC3475212 DOI: 10.7150/thno.4479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) provides an opportunity for treatment of various invasive tumors by the use of a cancer targeting photosensitizing agent and light of specific wavelengths. However, real-time monitoring of drug localization is desirable because the induction of the phototoxic effect relies on interplay between the dosage of localized drug and light. Fluorescence emission in PDT may be used to monitor the uptake process but fluorescence intensity is subject to variability due to scattering and absorption; the addition of fluorescence lifetime may be beneficial to probe site-specific drug-molecular interactions and cell damage. We investigated the fluorescence lifetime changes of Photofrin(®) at various intracellular components in the Mat-LyLu (MLL) cell line. The fluorescence decays were analyzed using a bi-exponential model, followed by segmentation analysis of lifetime parameters. When Photofrin(®) was localized at the cell membrane, the slow lifetime component was found to be significantly shorter (4.3 ± 0.5 ns) compared to those at other locations (cytoplasm: 7.3 ± 0.3 ns; mitochondria: 7.0 ± 0.2 ns, p < 0.05).
Collapse
|
108
|
Heller A, Brockhoff G, Goepferich A. Targeting drugs to mitochondria. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 82:1-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
109
|
Baek S, Na K. A nano complex of hydrophilic phthalocyanine and polyethylenimine for improved cellular internalization efficiency and phototoxicity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 101:493-500. [PMID: 23010060 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
To enhance the cellular internalization and phototoxicity of sulfonated aluminum phthalocyanine (AlPcS), a hydrophilic photosensitizer (PS), nano complexes composed of a mixture of AlPcS (negatively charged) and polyethylenimine (PEI; positively charged) with different weight ratios of PEI to AlPcS were prepared via electrostatic interaction. The size of the PEI/AlPcS 0.6 (weight ratio=PEI/AlPcS) was below 200 nm with a monodispersed size distribution. The cellular uptake of the complex was determined using a fluorescence image test, a cell lysis test and confocal observation. The cellular internalization of AlPcS in the PEI/AlPcS 0.6 nano complex was 87 times higher than that of free AlPcS after 6h. The photoactivity of the nano complex, as measured by fluorescence intensity and singlet oxygen generation activity in PBS buffer, was completely eliminated by a self-quenching effect. After cellular uptake, the loss of the fluorescence intensity was restored by the dissociation of the nano complex. Additionally, the phototoxicity of the complex, both with and without light irradiation, was investigated using an MTT colorimetric assay. Although the free AlPcS did not exhibit phototoxicity, the nano complex showed strong phototoxicity after irradiation. Therefore, we suggest that the nano complex system has potential use in clinical photodynamic therapy and in the biological study of various cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- SongYi Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
110
|
Yanase S, Nomura J, Matsumura Y, Kato H, Tagawa T. Hyperthermia enhances the antitumor effect of photodynamic therapy with ALA hexyl ester in a squamous cell carcinoma tumor model. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2012. [PMID: 23200020 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using 5-aminolevulinic acid is considered to be ineffective in the treatment of tumors with progression to the deep layer. Therefore, for such tumors, a method is required which can enhance the effectiveness of this therapy. We examined the anti tumor effect of the combination of PDT with 5-aminolevulinic acid hexyl ester (hALA) and hyperthermia (HT) in a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) tumor model. METHODS A tumor model was prepared by subcutaneously implanting SCC into nude mice, and treated with HT, PDT with hALA (hALA-PDT), or hALA-PDT combined with HT (PDT+HT). The treatment was performed by remodeled near infra-red irradiator which allows the generation of two types of rays for PDT and HT. With HT, the tumor was irradiated for raising the temperature with a light dose of 437.5 J/cm(2). With hALA-PDT, the tumor treated with 250 mg/kg hALA was irradiated with a light dose of 50 J/cm(2). With PDT+HT, the tumor was treated as for hALA-PDT except that the temperature was raised during irradiation with a light dose of 437.5 J/cm(2) (including light dose of 50 J/cm(2) for PDT). RESULTS The tumor growth rates on Day 12 were 97.10% in HT, 67.55% in hALA-PDT and 33.90% in PDT+HT, and PDT+HT showed significant inhibitory effects on tumor growth, although the anti-tumoral effects of HT and hALA-PDT were not seen. CONCLUSION hALA-PDT combined with HT demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect on the tumor growth of squamous cell carcinoma showing a progression in the deep layer. This suggests that this therapy is useful for tumors showing progression to the deep layer, which hALA-PDT alone is generally ineffective in treating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeaki Yanase
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Mie-chuo Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, 2158-5 Hisaimyojin-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-1101, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
111
|
Hudson R, Boyle RW. Strategies for selective delivery of photodynamic sensitisers to biological targets. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424604000325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Strategies for increasing the affinity of photodynamic sensitisers for specific tissues, cells and organisms are reviewed. Biological outcomes are evaluated and therapeutic potential assessed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hudson
- Photobiology & Photomedicine Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, East Yorkshire HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Ross W. Boyle
- Photobiology & Photomedicine Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, East Yorkshire HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Peng CL, Lai PS, Shieh MJ. INFLUENCE OF SUBSTITUTIONS IN ASYMMETRIC PORPHYRINS ON INTRACELLULAR UPTAKE, SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION AND PHOTOTOXICITY IN HELA CELLS. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING-APPLICATIONS BASIS COMMUNICATIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.4015/s1016237208000556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric porphyrins with different substituents show various bioactivities in biomedical application. In this study, a series of asymmetric porphyrins with varying proportion of substituents, such as hydroxyphenyl and aminophenyl, were synthesized and characterized to evaluate their cell uptake, intracellular localization, cytotoxicities and phototoxicities in vitro. Among these synthesized porphyrins, 5-(4-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-tri-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-21,23H-porphyrin (porphyrin 5), which was mainly localized in mitochondria and with high quantum yields of singlet oxygen, is a potential candidate for photodynamic therapy. The effective phototoxicity of porphyrin 5 is mainly due to the higher extent in the cells and the selective mitochondria-localization. Comparing the partition coefficients of porphyrin derivatives, the best cellular uptake performs apparently with a partition coefficient (log p) ranging from about 1.7 to 1.9. In summary, higher quantum yields of singlet oxygen, and more specific mitochondrial localization of porphyrin 5 demonstrate its potential application in photodynamic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Liang Peng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, #1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Shan Lai
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, #250, Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jium Shieh
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, #7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Barbosa IA, Machado NG, Skildum AJ, Scott PM, Oliveira PJ. Mitochondrial remodeling in cancer metabolism and survival: potential for new therapies. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2012; 1826:238-54. [PMID: 22554970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are semi-autonomous organelles that play essential roles in cellular metabolism and programmed cell death pathways. Genomic, functional and structural mitochondrial alterations have been associated with cancer. Some of those alterations may provide a selective advantage to cells, allowing them to survive and grow under stresses created by oncogenesis. Due to the specific alterations that occur in cancer cell mitochondria, these organelles may provide promising targets for cancer therapy. The development of drugs that specifically target metabolic and mitochondrial alterations in tumor cells has become a matter of interest in recent years, with several molecules undergoing clinical trials. This review focuses on the most relevant mitochondrial alterations found in tumor cells, their contribution to cancer progression and survival, and potential usefulness for stratification and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês A Barbosa
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
114
|
Novel nanostructural photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy: in vitro studies. Int J Pharm 2012; 430:129-40. [PMID: 22525077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Photosensitizing properties of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (p-THPP) functionalized by covalent attachment of one chain of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with a molecular weight of 350, 2000, or 5000 Da (p-THPP-PEG(350), p-THPP-PEG(2000), p-THPP-PEG(5000)) were studied in vitro. Dark and photo cytotoxicity of these photosensitizers delivered in solution or embedded in liposomes were evaluated on two cell lines: a human colorectal carcinoma cell line (HCT 116) and a prostate cancer cell line (DU 145), and compared with these treated with free p-THPP. The attachment of PEG chains results in the pronounced reduction of the dark cytotoxicity of the parent porphyrin. Cell viability tests have demonstrated that the phototoxicity of pegylated porphyrins is dependent on the length of PEG chain and p-THPP-PEG(2000) exhibited the highest photodynamic efficacy for both cell lines. The encapsulation into liposomes did not improve the PDT effect. However, the liposomal formulation of p-THPP-PEG(2000) showed a greater tendency to induce apoptosis in both cell lines than the parent or pegylated porphyrin delivered in solution. The colocalization of p-THPP, p-THPP-PEG(2000) and p-THPP-PEG(2000) enclosed in liposomes with fluorescent markers for lysosomes, mitochondria, endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus (GA) was determined in the HCT 116 line. The p-THPP exhibited ubiquitous intracellular distribution with a preference for membranes: mitochondria, ER, GA, lysosomes and plasma membrane. Fluorescence of p-THPP-PEG(2000) was observed within the cytoplasm, with a stronger signal detected in membranous organelle: mitochondria, ER, GA and lysosomes. In contrast, p-THPP-PEG(2000) delivered in liposomes gave a distinct lysosomal pattern of localization.
Collapse
|
115
|
Yoon HY, Koo H, Choi KY, Lee SJ, Kim K, Kwon IC, Leary JF, Park K, Yuk SH, Park JH, Choi K. Tumor-targeting hyaluronic acid nanoparticles for photodynamic imaging and therapy. Biomaterials 2012; 33:3980-9. [PMID: 22364699 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-targeted imaging and therapy have been the challenging issue in the clinical field. Herein, we report tumor-targeting hyaluronic acid nanoparticles (HANPs) as the carrier of the hydrophobic photosensitizer, chlorin e6 (Ce6) for simultaneous photodynamic imaging and therapy. First, self-assembled HANPs were synthesized by chemical conjugation of aminated 5β-cholanic acid, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and black hole quencher3 (BHQ3) to the HA polymers. Second, Ce6 was readily loaded into the HANPs by a simple dialysis method resulting in Ce6-loaded hyaluronic acid nanoparticles (Ce6-HANPs), wherein in the loading efficiency of Ce6 was higher than 80%. The resulting Ce6-HANPs showed stable nano-structure in aqueous condition and rapid uptake into tumor cells. In particular Ce6-HANPs were rapidly degraded by hyaluronidases abundant in cytosol of tumor cells, which may enable intracellular release of Ce6 at the tumor tissue. After an intravenous injection into the tumor-bearing mice, Ce6-HANPs could efficiently reach the tumor tissue via the passive targeting mechanism and specifically enter tumor cells through the receptor-mediated endocytosis based on the interactions between HA of nanoparticles and CD44, the HA receptor on the surface of tumor cells. Upon laser irradiation, Ce6 which was released from the nanoparticles could generate fluorescence and singlet oxygen inside tumor cells, resulting in effective suppression of tumor growth. Overall, it was demonstrated that Ce6-HANPs could be successfully applied to in vivo photodynamic tumor imaging and therapy simultaneously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yeol Yoon
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
116
|
Shrestha TB, Seo GM, Basel MT, Kalita M, Wang H, Villanueva D, Pyle M, Balivada S, Rachakatla RS, Shinogle H, Thapa PS, Moore D, Troyer DL, Bossmann SH. Stem cell-based photodynamic therapy. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2012; 11:1251-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2pp05417e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
117
|
Wu SY, Xu GX, Peng YR, Zhou XF, Guo J. Experimental study on the photodynamic treatment of choroidal neovasculization with nanophthalocyanine photosensitizer. Int J Ophthalmol 2011; 4:575-81. [PMID: 22553724 PMCID: PMC3340787 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2011.06.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the therapeutic effects of nanophthalocyanine photosensitizers on an experimental rat choroidal neovescularization (CNV) model, as well as to evaluate the cytotoxicity of which on human retinal pigment epithelia (HRPE) and human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs). METHODS Two types of photosensitizers, G(1)-ZnPc(COOH)(8) and G(1)-ZnPc(COOH)(8)/m respectively, were administrated for photodynamic therapy (PDT) after a successful establishment of CNV model on Brown-Norway (BN) rats via fundus photocoagulation. The therapeutic effects of the two drugs were assessed through optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). For cytotoxicity tests, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays and changes of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (△Ψm) were conducted on HRPE and HRECs after initial uptake of the two drugs. RESULTS Both photosensitizers demonstrated an improvement of vascular leakage and closure of CNV 1 week after PDT as confirmed by fundus image, OCT, FFA and TEM. Two weeks after PDT, G(1)-ZnPc(COOH)(8)/m showed a better CNV closure effect versus G(1)-ZnPc(COOH)(8) (P<0.05). A significant difference (P<0.01) was found in uptake of the two drugs in HRPE and HRECs, with no difference between the drugs (P>0.05). Both photosensitizers showed cytotoxicity on HRPE, but G(1)-ZnPc(COOH)(8)/m induced a lower cell viability. CONCLUSION G(1)-ZnPc(COOH)(8)/m mediated PDT is better than G(1)-ZnPc(COOH)(8) in CNV closure and also have the advantage of fast metabolism leading to less side effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yi Wu
- Fujian Institute of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian Province, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
118
|
Chang CC, Hsieh MC, Lin JC, Chang TC. Selective photodynamic therapy based on aggregation-induced emission enhancement of fluorescent organic nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2011; 33:897-906. [PMID: 22024361 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Three binary molecule conjugates were designed and synthesized by conjugating a chromophore (3, 6-bis-(1-methyl-4-vinylpyridinium)-carbazole diiodide, BMVC) to mono-, bis- and trishydroxyl photosensitizers, respectively. BMVC plays the role of cancer cells recognizer; AIEE (aggregation-induced emission enhancement) generator and FRET (Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer) donor. The self assembling properties of these binary conjugates result in different degrees of AIEE and then achieve the formations of FONs (fluorescent organic nanoparticles), which present efficient FRET and singlet oxygen generations. Biologically, FONs-photosensitizers from these compounds were much more phototoxicities to cancer cell than to normal cell without significant dark toxicity. In addition, their intracellular fluorescent colors switching upon photo-excitation are expected to be used for further cell death biomarker applications. This improved photodynamic activity might be due to the aggregation of compounds in the cell that form FONs which can promote PDT (photodynamic therapy) and are observed in cancer cell but not normal cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chung Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University 250, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
119
|
Harms FA, de Boon WMI, Balestra GM, Bodmer SIA, Johannes T, Stolker RJ, Mik EG. Oxygen-dependent delayed fluorescence measured in skin after topical application of 5-aminolevulinic acid. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2011; 4:731-739. [PMID: 21770036 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxygen tension can be measured in vivo by means of oxygen-dependent quenching of delayed fluorescence of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). Here we demonstrate that delayed fluorescence is readily observed from skin in rat and man after topical application of the PpIX precursor 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). Delayed fluorescence lifetimes respond to changes in inspired oxygen fraction and blood supply. The signals contain lifetime distributions and the fitting of rectangular distributions to the data appears more adequate than mono-exponential fitting. The use of topically applied ALA for delayed fluorescence lifetime measurements might pave the way for clinical use of this technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Floor A Harms
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Experimental Anesthesiology, ErasmusMC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
120
|
Oliveira CS, Turchiello R, Kowaltowski AJ, Indig GL, Baptista MS. Major determinants of photoinduced cell death: Subcellular localization versus photosensitization efficiency. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:824-33. [PMID: 21664269 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 05/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We present a study on whether and to what extent subcellular localization may compete favorably with photosensitization efficiency with respect to the overall efficiency of photoinduced cell death. We have compared the efficiency with which two cationic photosensitizers, namely methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV), induce the photoinduced death of human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cells. Whereas MB is well known to generate singlet oxygen and related triplet excited species with high quantum yields in a variety of biological and chemical environments (i.e., acting as a typical type II photosensitizer), the highly mitochondria-specific CV produces triplet species and singlet oxygen with low yields, acting mostly via the classical type I mechanism (e.g., via free radicals). The findings described here indicate that the presumably more phototoxic type II photosensitizer (MB) does not lead to higher degrees of cell death compared to the type I (CV) photosensitizer. In fact, CV kills cells with the same efficiency as MB, generating at least 10 times fewer photoinduced reactive species. Therefore, subcellular localization is indeed more important than photochemical reactivity in terms of overall cell killing, with mitochondrial localization representing a highly desirable property for the development of more specific/efficient photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla S Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
121
|
Photodynamic therapy and the development of metal-based photosensitisers. Met Based Drugs 2011; 2008:276109. [PMID: 18815617 PMCID: PMC2535827 DOI: 10.1155/2008/276109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2007] [Accepted: 10/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality that has been used in the successful treatment of a number of diseases and disorders, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), psoriasis, and certain cancers. PDT uses a combination of a selectively localised light-sensitive drug (known as a photosensitiser) and light of an appropriate wavelength. The light-activated form of the drug reacts with molecular oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and radicals; in a biological environment these toxic species can interact with cellular constituents causing biochemical disruption to the cell. If the homeostasis of the cell is altered significantly then the cell enters the process of cell death. The first photosensitiser to gain regulatory approval for clinical PDT was Photofrin. Unfortunately, Photofrin has a number of associated disadvantages, particularly pro-longed patient photosensitivity. To try and overcome these disadvantages second and third generation photosensitisers have been developed and investigated. This Review highlights the key photosensitisers investigated, with particular attention paid to the metallated and non-metallated cyclic tetrapyrrolic derivatives that have been studied in vitro and in vivo; those which have entered clinical trials; and those that are currently in use in the clinic for PDT.
Collapse
|
122
|
Bugaj AM. Targeted photodynamic therapy--a promising strategy of tumor treatment. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 10:1097-109. [PMID: 21547329 DOI: 10.1039/c0pp00147c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Targeted therapy is a new promising therapeutic strategy, created to overcome growing problems of contemporary medicine, such as drug toxicity and drug resistance. An emerging modality of this approach is targeted photodynamic therapy (TPDT) with the main aim of improving delivery of photosensitizer to cancer tissue and at the same time enhancing specificity and efficiency of PDT. Depending on the mechanism of targeting, we can divide the strategies of TPDT into "passive", "active" and "activatable", where in the latter case the photosensitizer is activated only in the target tissue. In this review, contemporary strategies of TPDT are described, including new innovative concepts, such as targeting assisted by peptides and aptamers, multifunctional nanoplatforms with navigation by magnetic field or "photodynamic molecular beacons" activatable by enzymes and nucleic acid. The imperative of introducing a new paradigm of PDT, focused on the concepts of heterogeneity and dynamic state of tumor, is also called for.
Collapse
|
123
|
Lee SJ, Koo H, Jeong H, Huh MS, Choi Y, Jeong SY, Byun Y, Choi K, Kim K, Kwon IC. Comparative study of photosensitizer loaded and conjugated glycol chitosan nanoparticles for cancer therapy. J Control Release 2011; 152:21-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
124
|
Ricchelli F, Šileikytė J, Bernardi P. Shedding light on the mitochondrial permeability transition. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1807:482-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
125
|
Multifunctional 5-aminolevulinic acid prodrugs activating diverse cell-death pathways. Invest New Drugs 2011; 30:1028-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-011-9669-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
126
|
Mori H, Yoshida Y, Hara M. Neural stem/progenitor cells damaged by reactive oxygen species evolved in photosensitizing reaction. Neurosci Lett 2011; 493:24-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 01/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
127
|
Li F, Na K. Self-Assembled Chlorin e6 Conjugated Chondroitin Sulfate Nanodrug for Photodynamic Therapy. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:1724-30. [DOI: 10.1021/bm200115v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Li
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43-1 Yeokkok2-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-743, Korea
| | - Kun Na
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43-1 Yeokkok2-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-743, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Yhee JY, Koo H, Lee DE, Choi K, Kwon IC, Kim K. Multifunctional Chitosan Nanoparticles for Tumor Imaging and Therapy. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2011_119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
129
|
Grimm S, Mvondo D, Grune T, Breusing N. The outcome of 5-ALA-mediated photodynamic treatment in melanoma cells is influenced by vitamin C and heme oxygenase-1. Biofactors 2011; 37:17-24. [PMID: 21328623 DOI: 10.1002/biof.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an important clinical approach for cancer treatment. It involves the administration of a photosensitizer, followed by its activation with light and induction of cell death. The underlying mechanism is an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to oxidative stress, which is followed by cell death. However, effectiveness of PDT is limited due to an initiation of endogenous rescue response systems like heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in tumor cells. In recent years, consuming of antioxidant supplements has become widespread, but the effect of exogenously applied antioxidants on cancer therapy outcome remains unclear. Thus, this study was aimed to investigate if exogenous antioxidants might decrease ROS-induced cytotoxicity in photodynamic treatment. Lycopene, β-carotene, vitamin C, N-acetylcysteine, trolox, and N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone in different doses were administered to human melanoma cells prior exposure to photodynamic treatment. Supplementation with vitamin C resulted in a significant decrease of the cell death rate, whereas the other tested antioxidants had no effect on cell viability and oxidative stress markers. The simultaneous application of vitamin C with the HO-1 activity inhibitor zinc protoporphyrine IX (ZnPPIX) caused a considerable decrease of photodynamic treatment-induced cytotoxicity compared to ZnPPIX alone. It can be summarized that exogenously applied antioxidants do not have a leading role in the protective response against photodynamic treatment. However, further studies are necessary to investigate more antioxidants and other substances, which might affect the outcome of photodynamic treatment in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Grimm
- Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Dornburger Strasse 24, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
130
|
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is a relatively new clinical therapeutic modality that is based on three key components: photosensitizer, light, and molecular oxygen. Nanoparticles, especially targeted ones, have recently emerged as an efficient carrier of drugs or contrast agents, or multiple kinds of them, with many advantages over molecular drugs or contrast agents, especially for cancer detection and treatment. This paper describes the current status of PDT, including basic mechanisms, applications, and challenging issues in the optimization and adoption of PDT; as well as recent developments of nanoparticle-based PDT agents, their advantages, designs and examples of in vitro and in vivo applications, and demonstrations of their capability of enhancing PDT efficacy over existing molecular drug-based PDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Eun Koo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
131
|
Goswami LN, White WH, Spernyak JA, Ethirajan M, Chen Y, Missert JR, Morgan J, Mazurchuk R, Pandey RK. Synthesis of Tumor-avid Photosensitizer-Gd(III)DTPA conjugates: impact of the number of gadolinium units in T1/T2 relaxivity, intracellular localization, and photosensitizing efficacy. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 21:816-27. [PMID: 20387863 DOI: 10.1021/bc9005305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To develop novel bifunctional agents for tumor imaging (MR) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), certain tumor-avid photosensitizers derived from chlorophyll-a were conjugated with variable number of Gd(III)aminobenzyl DTPA moieties. All the conjugates containing three or six gadolinium units showed significant T(1) and T(2) relaxivities. However, as a bifunctional agent, the 3-(1'-hexyloxyethyl)pyropheophorbide-a (HPPH) containing 3Gd(III) aminophenyl DTPA was most promising with possible applications in tumor-imaging and PDT. Compared to HPPH, the corresponding 3- and 6Gd(III)aminobenzyl DTPA conjugates exhibited similar electronic absorption characteristics with a slightly decreased intensity of the absorption band at 660 nm. However, compared to HPPH, the excitation of the broad "Soret" band (near 400 nm) of the corresponding 3Gd(III)aminobenzyl-DTPA analogues showed a significant decrease in the fluorescence intensity at 667 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lalit N Goswami
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Preclinical Imaging Facility, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
132
|
Xinna Wang, Xinshu Xia, Chuanshan Xu, Jing Xu, Ping Wang, Junyan Xiang, Dingqun Bai, Wingnang Leung A. Ultrasound-Induced Cell Death of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells in the Presence of Curcumin. Integr Cancer Ther 2010; 10:70-6. [PMID: 20702493 DOI: 10.1177/1534735410377197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. Curcumin, a natural pigment from a traditional Chinese herb, has been attracting extensive attention. The present study aims to investigate cell death of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells induced by ultrasound sonication in the presence of curcumin in vitro. Methods. The NPC cell line CNE2 was chosen as a tumor model, and curcumin concentration was kept constant at 10 µM while the cells were subjected to ultrasound exposure for 8 s at an intensity of 0.46 W/cm2. Cell death was evaluated using flow cytometry with annexinV-FITC and propidium iodine staining, and nuclear staining with Hoechst 33258. Mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were analyzed using flow cytometry with rhodamine 123 and dichlorodihydrofluorecein diacetate staining. Results. Flow cytometry showed that the combination of ultrasound and curcumin significantly increased the necrotic or late apoptotic rate by up to 31.37% compared with the controls. Nuclear condensation was observed in the nuclear staining, and collapse of ΔΨm and ROS increase were found in the CNE2 cells after the treatment with curcumin and ultrasound. Conclusions. The findings demonstrate that the presence of curcumin significantly enhances the ultrasound-induced cell death and ROS level, and induces the collapse of ΔΨm, suggesting that ultrasound sonication can increase the cell death of NPC cells in the presence of curcumin and that the treatment using curcumin and ultrasound together is a potential therapeutic modality in the management of malignant tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinna Wang
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinshu Xia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuanshan Xu
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, , School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Dingqun Bai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
133
|
Machado AHA, Moraes KCM, Soares CP, Junior MB, da Silva NS. Cellular Changes After Photodynamic Therapy on HEp-2 Cells Using the New ZnPcBr8 Phthalocyanine. Photomed Laser Surg 2010; 28 Suppl 1:S143-9. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2009.2561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen C. M. Moraes
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), NUPEB, DECBI, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
134
|
Xu J, Xia X, Wang X, Xu C, Wang P, Xiang J, Jiang Y, Leung AW. Sonodynamic action of pyropheophorbide-a methyl ester in liver cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2010; 29:1031-1037. [PMID: 20587426 DOI: 10.7863/jum.2010.29.7.1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the sonodynamic action of pyropheophorbide-a methyl ester (MPPa) in liver cancer cells to explore a novel therapeutic modality. METHODS H22 cells were chosen as model cells to investigate the sonodynamic action of MPPa on liver cancer. The MPPa concentration was kept constant at 2 micromol/L, and the cells were subjected to ultrasound exposure at an intensity of 0.97 W/cm(2). Cytotoxicity was investigated 24 hours after ultrasound exposure. Apoptosis was evaluated using flow cytometry with annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodine staining and nuclear staining with Hoechst 33258. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were analyzed using flow cytometry with 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining. RESULTS No significant dark cytotoxicity of MPPa was shown in the H22 cells at the concentration of 2 micromol/L. The cell death rate induced by ultrasound treatment was significantly higher in the presence of MPPa than in the absence of it (P < .05). Flow cytometry showed that the sonodynamic action of MPPa significantly increased the early and late apoptotic rates of the H22 cells. Nuclear condensation and an ROS increase were found after sonodynamic treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that MPPa-mediated sonodynamic action significantly enhanced death of H22 cells and the ROS level, suggesting that MPPa is a novel sonosensitizer and the sonodynamic action of MPPa might be a potential therapeutic modality in the management of liver cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Photodynamic and Sonodynamic Therapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
135
|
Protein damage by photo-activated Zn(II) N-alkylpyridylporphyrins. Amino Acids 2010; 42:117-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0640-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 05/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
136
|
Bombalska A, Graczyk A. Influence of photodynamic effect on biological activity of PBR-PP complexes. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2010; 98:159-66. [PMID: 20079659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2009.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Revised: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the influence of photodynamic effect on biological activity of PBR-PP complexes. These measurements were performed in pH dependent environment. Constant concentration of solubilized receptor was titrated with increasing concentration of porphyrins (PPIX, Hp, PP(Arg)(2), Hp(Arg)(2), PP(Gly)(2), PP(Ala)(2), PP(Ser)(2), PP(Phe)(2)) and binding constants were calculated. PBP-PP mixtures were illuminated with 3 J, 5 J or 10 J of blue light and changes in protein fluorescence was recorded. Experimental data were fitted to weak and strong binding models. As a result for all derivatives weak binding model was the best fitted. The strongest binding showed PPIX in pH 7.4 and with pH drop binding constants showed greater values for all examined derivatives. Out of amino acid derivatives the strongest binding was noticed for PP(Gly)(2) and PP(Phe)(2) and for the last one pH influence was not observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Bombalska
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military Academy of Technology, Gen. S. Kaliskiego 2 str, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
137
|
Lei W, Xie J, Hou Y, Jiang G, Zhang H, Wang P, Wang X, Zhang B. Mitochondria-targeting properties and photodynamic activities of porphyrin derivatives bearing cationic pendant. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2010; 98:167-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2009.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Revised: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
138
|
Yanase S, Nomura J, Matsumura Y, Watanabe Y, Tagawa T. Synergistic Increase in Osteosarcoma Cell Sensitivity to Photodynamic Therapy with Aminolevulinic Acid Hexyl Ester in the Presence of Hyperthermia. Photomed Laser Surg 2009; 27:791-7. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2008.2329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeaki Yanase
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Reparative and Regenerative Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Mie Chuou Medical Center, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Jouji Nomura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Reparative and Regenerative Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Matsumura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Reparative and Regenerative Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Watanabe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Reparative and Regenerative Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Toshiro Tagawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Reparative and Regenerative Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Ngen EJ, Rajaputra P, You Y. Evaluation of delocalized lipophilic cationic dyes as delivery vehicles for photosensitizers to mitochondria. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:6631-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Revised: 07/25/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
140
|
Zheng X, Morgan J, Pandey SK, Chen Y, Tracy E, Baumann H, Missert JR, Batt C, Jackson J, Bellnier DA, Henderson BW, Pandey RK. Conjugation of 2-(1'-hexyloxyethyl)-2-devinylpyropheophorbide-a (HPPH) to carbohydrates changes its subcellular distribution and enhances photodynamic activity in vivo. J Med Chem 2009; 52:4306-18. [PMID: 19507863 DOI: 10.1021/jm9001617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The carbohydrate moieties on conjugating with 3-(1'-hexyloxyethyl)-3-devinyl pyropeophorbide-a (HPPH) altered the uptake and intracellular localization from mitochondria to lysosomes. In vitro, HPPH-Gal 9 PDT showed increased PDT efficacy over HPPH-PDT as detectable by the oxidative cross-linking of nonphosphorylated STAT3 and cell killing in ABCG2-expressing RIF cells but not in ABCG2-negative Colon26 cells. This increased efficacy in RIF cells could at least partially be attributed to increased cellular accumulation of 9, suggesting a role of the ABCG2 transporter for which HPPH is a substrate. While such differences in the accumulation in HPPH derivatives by tumor tissue in vivo were not detectable, 9 still showed an elevated light dose-dependent activity compared to HPPH in mice bearing RIF as well as Colon26 tumors. Further optimization of the carbohydrate conjugates at variable treatment parameters in vivo is currently underway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zheng
- PDT Center, Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
141
|
Yousif LF, Stewart KM, Kelley SO. Targeting Mitochondria with Organelle-Specific Compounds: Strategies and Applications. Chembiochem 2009; 10:1939-50. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
142
|
Petronilli V, Šileikytė J, Zulian A, Dabbeni-Sala F, Jori G, Gobbo S, Tognon G, Nikolov P, Bernardi P, Ricchelli F. Switch from inhibition to activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition during hematoporphyrin-mediated photooxidative stress. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2009; 1787:897-904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2009.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Revised: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
143
|
Anand S, Honari G, Hasan T, Elson P, Maytin EV. Low-dose methotrexate enhances aminolevulinate-based photodynamic therapy in skin carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:3333-43. [PMID: 19447864 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-3054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To improve treatment efficacy and tumor cell selectivity of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) via pretreatment of cells and tumors with methotrexate to enhance intracellular photosensitizer levels. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Skin carcinoma cells, in vitro and in vivo, served as the model system. Cultured human SCC13 and HEK1 cells, normal keratinocytes, and in vivo skin tumor models were preconditioned with methotrexate for 72 h and then incubated with ALA for 4 h. Changes in protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) levels and cell survival after light exposure were assessed. RESULTS Methotrexate preconditioning of monolayer cultures preferentially increased intracellular PpIX levels 2- to 4-fold in carcinoma cells versus normal keratinocytes. Photodynamic killing was synergistically enhanced by the combined therapy compared with PDT alone. Methotrexate enhancement of PpIX levels was achieved over a broad methotrexate concentration range (0.0003-1.0 mg/L; 0.6 nmol/L-2 mmol/L). PpIX enhancement correlated with changes in protein expression of key porphyrin pathway enzymes, approximately 4-fold increase in coproporphyrinogen oxidase and stable or slightly decreased expression of ferrochelatase. Differentiation markers (E-cadherin, involucrin, and filaggrin) were also selectively induced by methotrexate in carcinoma cells. In vivo relevance was established by showing that methotrexate preconditioning enhances PpIX accumulation in three models: (a) organotypic cultures of immortalized keratinocytes, (b) chemically induced skin tumors in mice; and (c) human A431 squamous cell tumors implanted subcutaneously in mice. CONCLUSION Combination therapy using short-term exposure to low-dose methotrexate followed by ALA-PDT should be further investigated as a new combination modality to enhance efficacy and selectivity of PDT for epithelial carcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Anand
- Department of Dermatology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
144
|
Effects of zinc phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate-based photodynamic therapy on rat brain isolated mitochondria. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 179:402-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
145
|
Hui KM. Human hepatocellular carcinoma: expression profiles-based molecular interpretations and clinical applications. Cancer Lett 2008; 286:96-102. [PMID: 19095350 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for over 85% of all primary liver cancers. The clinical management of advanced and metastatic HCC is challenging on many counts. Besides largely occurs within a background of underlying chronic liver disease and cirrhosis, HCC is a phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous polyclonal disease and resistant to most conventional chemotherapy. Early manifestation of HCC is characteristically slow growing with few symptoms, and HCC is therefore often diagnosed at an advanced stage when potentially curative surgical or local ablative therapy is not feasible. In this review, I have summarized my presentation at the recent HCC workshop at IARC, Lyon, on our knowledge generated from comprehensive molecular studies of primary liver cancer tissues and attempt to translate these results to gain molecular insights, especially on identification of biomarkers that could confer pathological and functional changes associated with the pathogenesis and progression of HCC, hoping to provide important molecular basis for the development of novel diagnosis and treatments to alter clinical outcomes of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kam M Hui
- Bek Chai Heah Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research National Cancer Centre, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169610, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Zhang Y, Chen W, Wang S, Liu Y, Pope C. Phototoxicity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Conjugatesin Human Ovarian Cancer NIH: OVCAR-3 Cells. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2008.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
147
|
Enzyme-assisted photosensitization activates different apoptotic pathways in Rose Bengal acetate treated HeLa cells. Histochem Cell Biol 2008; 131:391-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-008-0538-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
148
|
Cuchelkar V, Kopecková P, Kopecek J. Novel HPMA copolymer-bound constructs for combined tumor and mitochondrial targeting. Mol Pharm 2008; 5:776-86. [PMID: 18767867 DOI: 10.1021/mp800019g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of therapeutic agents may benefit by specifically directing them to the mitochondria in tumor cells. The current work aimed to design delivery systems that would enable a combination of tumor and mitochondrial targeting for such therapeutic entities. To this end, novel HPMA copolymer-based delivery systems that employ triphenylphosphonium (TPP) ions as mitochondriotropic agents were developed. Constructs were initially synthesized with fluorescent labels substituting for drug and were used for validation experiments. Microinjection and incubation experiments performed using these fluorescently labeled constructs confirmed the mitochondrial targeting ability. Subsequently, HPMA copolymer-drug conjugates were synthesized using a photosensitizer mesochlorin e 6 (Mce 6). Mitochondrial targeting of HPMA copolymer-bound Mce 6 enhanced cytotoxicity as compared to nontargeted HPMA copolymer-Mce 6 conjugates. Minor modifications may be required to adapt the current design and allow for tumor site-specific mitochondrial targeting of other therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaikunth Cuchelkar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
149
|
Rodriguez ME, Azizuddin K, Zhang P, Chiu SM, Lam M, Kenney ME, Burda C, Oleinick NL. Targeting of mitochondria by 10-N-alkyl acridine orange analogues: role of alkyl chain length in determining cellular uptake and localization. Mitochondrion 2008; 8:237-46. [PMID: 18514589 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2008.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Revised: 04/08/2008] [Accepted: 04/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
10-N-Nonyl acridine orange (NAO) is used as a mitochondrial probe because of its high affinity for cardiolipin (CL). Targeting of NAO may also depend on mitochondrial membrane potential. As the nonyl group has been considered essential for targeting, a systematic study of alkyl chain length was undertaken; three analogues (10-methyl-, 10-hexyl-, and 10-hexadecyl-acridine orange) were synthesized and their properties studied in phospholipid monolayers and breast cancer cells. The shortest and longest alkyl chains reduced targeting, whereas the hexyl group was superior to the nonyl group, allowing very clear and specific targeting to mitochondria at concentrations of 20-100 nM, where no evidence of toxicity was apparent. Additional studies in wild-type and cardiolipin-deficient yeast cells suggested that cellular binding was not absolutely dependent upon cardiolipin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myriam E Rodriguez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine (BRB-324), Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-4942, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
150
|
Sibrian-Vazquez M, Nesterova IV, Jensen TJ, Vicente MGH. Mitochondria targeting by guanidine- and biguanidine-porphyrin photosensitizers. Bioconjug Chem 2008; 19:705-13. [PMID: 18269224 DOI: 10.1021/bc700393u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We report the syntheses of three new amphiphilic porphyrin derivatives, containing a guanidine, a biguanidine, or an MLS peptide, that were designed to target the cell mitochondria. The guanidine- and biguanidine-porphyrins are poorly soluble in water, forming J-type aggregates in aqueous solutions. On the other hand, the porphyrin-MLS peptide conjugate bearing a low molecular weight PEG spacer is highly water-soluble and does not aggregate in aqueous media. The fluorescence quantum yields determined for all porphyrins were higher at low pH (<6) and the porphyrin-peptide conjugate had the highest quantum yields in aqueous media. All porphyrins showed low dark toxicity toward human carcinoma HEp2 cells, and the guanidine-porphyrin was the most phototoxic (IC 50 = 4.8 microM at 1 J cm (-2)), followed by the biguanidine-porphyrin and the porphyrin-MLS (IC50 = 8.2 microM and 9.8 microM at 1 J cm (-2), respectively). The porphyrin-MLS peptide conjugate accumulated the most within cells of all porphyrins at all times investigated and the biguanidine-porphyrin accumulated the least. Both the guanidine- and biguanidine-porphyrins localized within cell mitochondria and, in addition, were found in the lysosomes and the ER (in the case of the guanidine-porphyrin). In contrast, the porphyrin-MLS peptide conjugate localized mainly within the cell lysosomes.
Collapse
|