101
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Posidonia oceanica as a Renewable Lignocellulosic Biomass for the Synthesis of Cellulose Acetate and Glycidyl Methacrylate Grafted Cellulose. MATERIALS 2013; 6:2043-2058. [PMID: 28809259 PMCID: PMC5452517 DOI: 10.3390/ma6052043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
High-grade cellulose (97% α-cellulose content) of 48% crystallinity index was extracted from the renewable marine biomass waste Posidonia oceanica using H2O2 and organic peracids following an environmentally friendly and chlorine-free process. This cellulose appeared as a new high-grade cellulose of waste origin quite similar to the high-grade cellulose extracted from more noble starting materials like wood and cotton linters. The benefits of α-cellulose recovery from P. oceanica were enhanced by its transformation into cellulose acetate CA and cellulose derivative GMA-C. Fully acetylated CA was prepared by conventional acetylation method and easily transformed into a transparent film. GMA-C with a molar substitution (MS) of 0.72 was produced by quenching Fenton’s reagent (H2O2/FeSO4) generated cellulose radicals with GMA. GMA grafting endowed high-grade cellulose from Posidonia with adsorption capability. GMA-C removes β-naphthol from water with an efficiency of 47%, as measured by UV-Vis spectroscopy. After hydrolysis of the glycidyl group to glycerol group, the modified GMA-C was able to remove p-nitrophenol from water with an efficiency of 92%, as measured by UV-Vis spectroscopy. α-cellulose and GMA-Cs from Posidonia waste can be considered as new materials of potential industrial and environmental interest.
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102
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Polymorphic transformation of cellulose I to cellulose II by alkali pretreatment and urea as an additive. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 94:843-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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103
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Cellulose-wheat gluten bulk plastic materials produced from processing raw powders by severe shear deformation. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92:2206-11. [PMID: 23399278 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.11.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose-based renewable bulk plastics with significantly improved mechanical properties were produced by using a small proportion of wheat gluten (WG) as an additive to enhance the material processing capability. The strong shear-deformation during equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) generated effective chain penetration and strong intermolecular interactions between the amorphous cellulose and WG components. The micro-cracking of the obtained materials was minimized, and the processing temperature was reduced. The crystallinity of the cellulose component was also decreased, whereas the crystalline size and regularity was less modified. The present study has further demonstrated that ECAP is a promising methodology to produce renewable and biodegradable "wood plastics" from cellulose-based agricultural waste.
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104
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Idström A, Brelid H, Nydén M, Nordstierna L. CP/MAS 13C NMR study of pulp hornification using nanocrystalline cellulose as a model system. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92:881-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.09.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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105
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Op de Beeck B, Geboers J, Van de Vyver S, Van Lishout J, Snelders J, Huijgen WJJ, Courtin CM, Jacobs PA, Sels BF. Conversion of (ligno)cellulose feeds to isosorbide with heteropoly acids and Ru on carbon. CHEMSUSCHEM 2013; 6:199-208. [PMID: 23307750 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201200610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic valorization of cellulose is currently subject of intense research. Isosorbide is among the most interesting products that can be formed from cellulose as it is a potential platform molecule and can be used for the synthesis of a wide range of pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and polymers. A promising direct route from cellulose to isosorbide is presented in this work. The strategy relies on a one-pot bifunctional catalytic concept, combining heteropoly acids, viz. H(4)SiW(12)O(40), and redox catalysts, viz. commercial Ru on carbon, under H(2) pressure. Starting from pure microcrystalline cellulose, a rapid conversion was observed, resulting in over 50% isosorbide yield. The robustness of the developed system is evidenced by the conversion of a range of impure cellulose pulps obtained by organosolv fractionation, with isosorbide yields up to 63%. Results were compared with other (ligno)cellulose feedstocks, highlighting the importance of fractionation and purification to increase reactivity and convertibility of the cellulose feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beau Op de Beeck
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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106
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Wang T, Zabotina O, Hong M. Pectin-cellulose interactions in the Arabidopsis primary cell wall from two-dimensional magic-angle-spinning solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. Biochemistry 2012; 51:9846-56. [PMID: 23167456 DOI: 10.1021/bi3015532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The primary cell wall of higher plants consists of a mixture of polysaccharides whose spatial proximities and interactions with each other are not well understood. We recently obtained the first two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional high-resolution magic-angle-spinning (13)C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the uniformly (13)C-labeled primary cell wall of Arabidopsis thaliana, which allowed us to assign the majority of (13)C resonances of the three major classes of polysaccharides: cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectins. In this work, we measured the intensity buildup of (13)C-(13)C cross-peaks in a series of 2D (13)C correlation spectra to obtain semiquantitative information about the spatial proximities between different polysaccharides. Comparison of 2D spectra measured at different spin diffusion mixing times identified intermolecular pectin-cellulose cross-peaks as well as interior cellulose-surface cellulose cross-peaks. The intensity buildup time constants are only modestly longer for cellulose-pectin cross-peaks than for interior cellulose-surface cellulose cross-peaks, indicating that pectins come into direct contact with the cellulose microfibrils. Approximately 25-50% of the cellulose chains exhibit close contact with pectins. The (13)C magnetization of the wall polysaccharides is not fully equilibrated by 1.5 s, indicating that pectins and cellulose are not homogeneously mixed on the molecular level. We also assigned the (13)C signals of cell wall proteins, identifying common residues such as Pro, Hyp, Tyr, and Ala. The chemical shifts indicate significant coil and sheet conformations in these structural proteins. Interestingly, few cross- peaks were observed between the proteins and the polysaccharides. Taken together, these data indicate that the three major types of polysaccharides in the primary wall of Arabidopsis form a single cohesive network, while structural proteins form a relatively separate domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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107
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Spaccini R, Mazzei P, Squartini A, Giannattasio M, Piccolo A. Molecular properties of a fermented manure preparation used as field spray in biodynamic agriculture. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 19:4214-4225. [PMID: 22707205 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Manure products fermented underground in cow horns and commonly used as field spray (preparation 500) in the biodynamic farming system, were characterized for molecular composition by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance [(13) C cross-polarization magic-angle-spinning NMR ((13) C-CPMAS-NMR)] spectroscopy and offline tetramethylammonium hydroxide thermochemolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Both thermochemolysis and NMR spectroscopy revealed a complex molecular structure, with lignin aromatic derivatives, polysaccharides, and alkyl compounds as the predominant components. CPMAS-NMR spectra of biodynamic preparations showed a carbon distribution with an overall low hydrophobic character and significant contribution of lignocellulosic derivatives. The results of thermochemolysis confirmed the characteristic highlighted by NMR spectroscopy, revealing a molecular composition based on alkyl components of plant and microbial origin and the stable incorporation of lignin derivatives. The presence of biolabile components and of undecomposed lignin compounds in the preparation 500 should be accounted to its particularly slow maturation process, as compared to common composting procedures. Our results provide, for the first time, a scientific characterization of an essential product in biodynamic agriculture, and show that biodynamic products appear to be enriched of biolabile components and, therefore, potentially conducive to plant growth stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Spaccini
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta, dell'Ambiente e delle Produzioni Animali (DiSSPAPA), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy.
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108
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Hastrup ACS, Howell C, Larsen FH, Sathitsuksanoh N, Goodell B, Jellison J. Differences in crystalline cellulose modification due to degradation by brown and white rot fungi. Fungal Biol 2012; 116:1052-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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109
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Yang H, Wang K, Xu F, Sun RC, Lu Y. H2SO4-Catalyzed Hydrothermal Pretreatment of Triploid Poplar to Enhance Enzymatic Hydrolysis. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie300895y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yang
- Institute of Biomass Chemistry
and Technology, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Institute of Biomass Chemistry
and Technology, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Institute of Biomass Chemistry
and Technology, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Run-Cang Sun
- Institute of Biomass Chemistry
and Technology, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp
and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yubin Lu
- Chunlei Industrial Group Co., Ltd. Hebei 054001, China
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110
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Prozil SO, Costa EV, Evtuguin DV, Lopes LPC, Domingues MRM. Structural characterization of polysaccharides isolated from grape stalks of Vitis vinifera L. Carbohydr Res 2012; 356:252-9. [PMID: 22398255 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The main structural polysaccharides of grape stalks are cellulose, heteroxylan, and glucan. Cellulose contributes 30.3% of grape stalk matter and has an unusually high degree of the crystallinity (75.4%). Among hemicelluloses, xylan was the most abundant one, contributing ∼12% to the weight. The heteroxylan was isolated from the corresponding peracetic holocellulose by DMSO extraction followed by precipitation in ethanol. The M(w) of heteroxylan (19.0 kDa) was assessed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and the structure was inferred by methanolysis and methylation linkage analysis, as well as 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The heteroxylan is a partially acetylated (DS=0.49) glucuronoxylan possessing the main backbone composed by β-(1→4)-linked D-xylopyranosyl units ramified with α-(1→2)-linked 4-O-methyl-α-D-glucuronosyl residues (MeGlcpA) at a molar ratio 25:1. The isolated heteroxylan contained concomitant β-glucan (ca. 15%), whose structure was elucidated by methylation linkage analysis and by NMR spectroscopy. The results obtained revealed mixed β-(1→3; 1→4)-D-glucan with a molar ratio of β-(1→3)- to β-(1→4)-linked glucopyranosyl units of 1:2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia O Prozil
- CICECO and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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111
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Baur SI, Easteal AJ. Improved photoprotection of wood by chemical modification with silanes: NMR and ESR studies. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra I. Baur
- School of Chemical Sciences; The University of Auckland, Tamaki Campus; Building 733, Morrin Road, Glenn Innes; Auckland; New Zealand
| | - Allan J. Easteal
- School of Chemical Sciences; The University of Auckland, Tamaki Campus; Building 733, Morrin Road, Glenn Innes; Auckland; New Zealand
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112
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Yang H, Wang K, Song X, Xu F, Sun RC. Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of triploid poplar following stepwise acidic pretreatment and alkaline fractionation. Process Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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113
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Kalidhasan S, Gupta PA, Cholleti VR, Santhana Krishna Kumar A, Rajesh V, Rajesh N. Microwave assisted solvent free green preparation and physicochemical characterization of surfactant-anchored cellulose and its relevance toward the effective adsorption of chromium. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 372:88-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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114
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Zhang X, Wu X, Gao D, Xia K. Bulk cellulose plastic materials from processing cellulose powder using back pressure-equal channel angular pressing. Carbohydr Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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115
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Sèbe G, Ham-Pichavant F, Ibarboure E, Koffi ALC, Tingaut P. Supramolecular Structure Characterization of Cellulose II Nanowhiskers Produced by Acid Hydrolysis of Cellulose I Substrates. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:570-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bm201777j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Sèbe
- University of Bordeaux, LCPO, UMR 5629,
F-33600 Pessac, France
- CNRS, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac,
France
| | - Frédérique Ham-Pichavant
- University of Bordeaux, LCPO, UMR 5629,
F-33600 Pessac, France
- CNRS, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac,
France
| | - Emmanuel Ibarboure
- University of Bordeaux, LCPO, UMR 5629,
F-33600 Pessac, France
- CNRS, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac,
France
| | | | - Philippe Tingaut
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), CH-8600
Dübendorf, Switzerland
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116
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Kalidhasan S, Santhana KrishnaKumar A, Rajesh V, Rajesh N. Ultrasound-assisted preparation and characterization of crystalline cellulose–ionic liquid blend polymeric material: A prelude to the study of its application toward the effective adsorption of chromium. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 367:398-408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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117
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Abstract
Although it has a deceptively simple primary structure, the collective organization of bulk cellulose, particularly as it exists in cellulose fibers in the cell walls of living plants and other organisms, is quite diverse and complex. While some experimental techniques, such as vibrational spectroscopy and diffraction from partially crystalline samples, are able to provide insights into the organization of bulk cellulose, its intrinsic complexity has left many questions still unanswered. For this reason, additional probes of cellulose structure would be highly desirable. With the continuing advances in computer power through massive parallelization, and the steady progress in computer codes and force fields for modeling carbohydrate systems, molecular mechanics simulations have become an attractive means of studying cellulosic systems at the atomic and molecular level. The coming decade will almost certainly see remarkable advances in the understanding of cellulose using such simulations.
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118
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Shi Z, Zang S, Jiang F, Huang L, Lu D, Ma Y, Yang G. In situ nano-assembly of bacterial cellulose–polyaniline composites. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ra00719j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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119
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Fernandes AN, Thomas LH, Altaner CM, Callow P, Forsyth VT, Apperley DC, Kennedy CJ, Jarvis MC. Nanostructure of cellulose microfibrils in spruce wood. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:E1195-203. [PMID: 22065760 PMCID: PMC3223458 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1108942108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure of cellulose microfibrils in wood is not known in detail, despite the abundance of cellulose in woody biomass and its importance for biology, energy, and engineering. The structure of the microfibrils of spruce wood cellulose was investigated using a range of spectroscopic methods coupled to small-angle neutron and wide-angle X-ray scattering. The scattering data were consistent with 24-chain microfibrils and favored a "rectangular" model with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces exposed. Disorder in chain packing and hydrogen bonding was shown to increase outwards from the microfibril center. The extent of disorder blurred the distinction between the I alpha and I beta allomorphs. Chains at the surface were distinct in conformation, with high levels of conformational disorder at C-6, less intramolecular hydrogen bonding and more outward-directed hydrogen bonding. Axial disorder could be explained in terms of twisting of the microfibrils, with implications for their biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwesha N. Fernandes
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonnington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Lynne H. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Clemens M. Altaner
- New Zealand School of Forestry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Philip Callow
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - V. Trevor Forsyth
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Environment, Physical Sciences, and Applied Mathematics/Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - David C. Apperley
- Chemistry Department, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Craig J. Kennedy
- Historic Scotland, Longmore House, Salisbury Place, Edinburgh EH9 1SH, United Kingdom; and
| | - Michael C. Jarvis
- School of Chemistry, Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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120
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Kalidhasan S, KrishnaKumar AS, Rajesh V, Rajesh N. A preliminary spectroscopic investigation on the molecular interaction of metal-diphenylthiocarbazone complex with cellulose biopolymer and its application. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 79:1681-1687. [PMID: 21705265 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Biopolymer adsorbents are versatile in their application for removal of heavy metals. The present work is focused towards the preliminary study of the interaction of diphenylthiocarbazone (DTZ) complex of chromium(VI) in acidic medium with cellulose biopolymer. Chromium-DTZ complex could be quantitatively adsorbed on a cellulose column in the pH range 1.0-2.5 and the effect of various experimental parameters such as stability of the column and the complex, column breakthrough volume, and interfering ions have been studied in detail. The probable mechanism of adsorption of complex on the cellulose biopolymer was corroborated using Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance techniques (CP-MAS). The pores formed due to the hydrogen bond between the cellulose layers and then the ensuing occupation of the complex between these layers and on the surface of the biopolymer layer through electrostatic attractive force and Π interaction of aromatic ring with cellulose are expected to play a vital role in the interaction. The cellulose column could be regenerated using environmentally benign polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG-400) in acidic medium. The cellulose biosorbent has been successfully tested to study the removal of chromium as its dithizone complex from synthetic and real waste water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kalidhasan
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal, R.R. Dist-500078 (AP), India
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121
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Liang X, Montoya A, Haynes BS. Local Site Selectivity and Conformational Structures in the Glycosidic Bond Scission of Cellobiose. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:10682-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jp204199h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Alejandro Montoya
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Brian S. Haynes
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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122
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Oudiani AE, Chaabouni Y, Msahli S, Sakli F. Crystal transition from cellulose I to cellulose II in NaOH treated Agave americana L. fibre. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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123
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de la Motte H, Hasani M, Brelid H, Westman G. Molecular characterization of hydrolyzed cationized nanocrystalline cellulose, cotton cellulose and softwood kraft pulp using high resolution 1D and 2D NMR. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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124
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Dick-Pérez M, Zhang Y, Hayes J, Salazar A, Zabotina OA, Hong M. Structure and Interactions of Plant Cell-Wall Polysaccharides by Two- and Three-Dimensional Magic-Angle-Spinning Solid-State NMR. Biochemistry 2011; 50:989-1000. [DOI: 10.1021/bi101795q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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125
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Castro C, Zuluaga R, Putaux JL, Caro G, Mondragon I, Gañán P. Structural characterization of bacterial cellulose produced by Gluconacetobacter swingsii sp. from Colombian agroindustrial wastes. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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126
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Rondeau-Mouro C, Bizot H, Bertrand D. Chemometric analyses of the 1H–13C cross-polarization build-up of celluloses NMR spectra: A novel approach for characterizing the cellulose crystallites. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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127
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Zhang K, Brendler E, Gebauer K, Gruner M, Fischer S. Synthesis and characterization of low sulfoethylated cellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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128
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Liu Y, Gamble G, Thibodeaux D. Two-dimensional attenuated total reflection infrared correlation spectroscopy study of the desorption process of water-soaked cotton fibers. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2010; 64:1355-1363. [PMID: 21144153 DOI: 10.1366/000370210793561556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) correlation analysis was applied to characterize the attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectral intensity fluctuations of native cotton fibers with various water contents. Prior to 2D analysis, the spectra were leveled to zero at the peak intensity of 1800 cm(-1) and then were normalized at the peak intensity of 660 cm(-1) to subjectively correct the changes resulting from water diffusion in fibers and resultant density dilution. Next, a new spectral set was subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) and two clusters of hydrated (≥13.3%) and dehydrated (<13.3%) fibers were obtained. Synchronous and asynchronous 2D correlation spectra from individual ATR spectral sets enhanced spectral resolution and provided insights about water-content-dependent intensity variations not readily accessible from one-dimensional ATR spectra. The 2D results revealed remarkable differences corresponding to water loss between the hydrated and dehydrated fibers. Of interest were that: (1) the intensity of the 1640 cm(-1) water band remains in a steady state for hydrated fibers but decreases for dehydrated fibers; (2) during the desorption process of adsorbed water, small and water-soluble carbonyl species (i.e., esters, acids, carboxylates, and proteins) begin to accumulate on the cotton surface, resulting in possible changes in the coloration and surface chemistry of native cotton fibers that were rained on prior to harvesting; (3) intensities of bands in the 1200 to 950 cm(-1) region exhibit a more apparent intensity increase than those in the 1500 to 1200 cm(-1) region, indicating the sensitivity of the 1200 to 950 cm(-1) infrared (IR) region to intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonding in fiber celluloses; and (4) the 750 cm(-1) band, ascribed to the unstable I(α) phase in amorphous regions, might originate from the cellulose-water complex through hydrogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Liu
- USDA, ARS, Cotton Quality Research Station, P.O. Box 792, Clemson, South Carolina 29633, USA.
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129
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Follain N, Marais MF, Montanari S, Vignon MR. Coupling onto surface carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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130
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de Melo JC, da Silva Filho EC, Santana SA, Airoldi C. Exploring the favorable ion-exchange ability of phthalylated cellulose biopolymer using thermodynamic data. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:1914-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Revised: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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131
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Park S, Baker JO, Himmel ME, Parilla PA, Johnson DK. Cellulose crystallinity index: measurement techniques and their impact on interpreting cellulase performance. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2010; 3:10. [PMID: 20497524 PMCID: PMC2890632 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-3-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1170] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Although measurements of crystallinity index (CI) have a long history, it has been found that CI varies significantly depending on the choice of measurement method. In this study, four different techniques incorporating X-ray diffraction and solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were compared using eight different cellulose preparations. We found that the simplest method, which is also the most widely used, and which involves measurement of just two heights in the X-ray diffractogram, produced significantly higher crystallinity values than did the other methods. Data in the literature for the cellulose preparation used (Avicel PH-101) support this observation. We believe that the alternative X-ray diffraction (XRD) and NMR methods presented here, which consider the contributions from amorphous and crystalline cellulose to the entire XRD and NMR spectra, provide a more accurate measure of the crystallinity of cellulose. Although celluloses having a high amorphous content are usually more easily digested by enzymes, it is unclear, based on studies published in the literature, whether CI actually provides a clear indication of the digestibility of a cellulose sample. Cellulose accessibility should be affected by crystallinity, but is also likely to be affected by several other parameters, such as lignin/hemicellulose contents and distribution, porosity, and particle size. Given the methodological dependency of cellulose CI values and the complex nature of cellulase interactions with amorphous and crystalline celluloses, we caution against trying to correlate relatively small changes in CI with changes in cellulose digestibility. In addition, the prediction of cellulase performance based on low levels of cellulose conversion may not include sufficient digestion of the crystalline component to be meaningful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunkyu Park
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401, USA
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - John O Baker
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Michael E Himmel
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Philip A Parilla
- National Center for Photovoltaics, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - David K Johnson
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401, USA
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132
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Habibi Y, Lucia LA, Rojas OJ. Cellulose Nanocrystals: Chemistry, Self-Assembly, and Applications. Chem Rev 2010; 110:3479-500. [PMID: 20201500 DOI: 10.1021/cr900339w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2551] [Impact Index Per Article: 182.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Habibi
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Box 8005, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, and Department of Forest Products Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 3320, FIN-02015 TKK, Espoo, Finland
| | - Lucian A. Lucia
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Box 8005, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, and Department of Forest Products Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 3320, FIN-02015 TKK, Espoo, Finland
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Box 8005, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, and Department of Forest Products Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 3320, FIN-02015 TKK, Espoo, Finland
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133
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da Silva Filho EC, Melo JCD, Fonseca MGD, Airoldi C. Cation removal using cellulose chemically modified by a Schiff base procedure applying green principles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 340:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Revised: 08/05/2009] [Accepted: 08/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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134
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135
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Puglisi E, Fragoulis G, Ricciuti P, Cappa F, Spaccini R, Piccolo A, Trevisan M, Crecchio C. Effects of a humic acid and its size-fractions on the bacterial community of soil rhizosphere under maize (Zea mays L.). CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 77:829-37. [PMID: 19712956 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Revised: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of a humic acid (HA) and its size-fractions on plants carbon deposition and the structure of microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil of maize (Zea mays L.) plants were studied. Experiments were conducted in rhizobox systems that separate an upper soil-plant compartment from a lower compartment, where roots are excluded from the rhizosphere soil by a nylon membrane. The upper rhizobox compartment received the humic additions, whereas, after roots development, the rhizosphere soil in the lower compartment was sampled and sliced into thin layers. The lux-marked biosensor Pseudomonas fluorescens 10586 pUCD607 biosensor showed a significant increase in the deposition of bioavailable sources of carbon in the rhizosphere of soils when treated with bulk HA, but no response was found for treatments with the separated size-fractions. PCR-DGGE molecular fingerprintings revealed that the structure of rhizosphere microbial communities was changed by all humic treatments and that the smaller and more bioavailable size-fractions were more easily degraded by microbial activity than the bulk HA. On the other hand, highly hydrophobic and strongly associated humic molecules in the bulk HA required additional plant rhizodeposition before their bio-transformation could occur. This work highlights the importance of applying advanced biological and biotechnological methods to notice changes occurring in plant rhizodeposition and rhizosphere microbial activity. Moreover, it suggests correlations between the molecular properties of humic matter and their effects on microbial communities in the rhizosphere as mediated by root exudation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Puglisi
- Istituto di Chimica Agraria ed Ambientale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29100 Piacenza, Italy
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136
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Boileau C, Pessanha S, Tardif C, Castro K, Proietti N, Capitani D, Vicini S, Madariaga JM, Carvalho ML, Princi E. Efficacy of waterborne polyurethane to prevent the enzymatic attack on paper-based materials. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.30254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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137
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Maleic anhydride incorporated onto cellulose and thermodynamics of cation-exchange process at the solid/liquid interface. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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138
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Cellulose microfibrils from banana rachis: Effect of alkaline treatments on structural and morphological features. Carbohydr Polym 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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139
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Changes in fiber ultrastructure during various kraft pulping conditions evaluated by 13C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy. Carbohydr Polym 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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140
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141
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Taylor R, French AD, Gamble GR, Himmelsbach DS, Stipanovic RD, Thibodeaux DP, Wakelyn PJ, Dybowski C. 1H and 13C solid-state NMR of Gossypium barbadense (Pima) cotton. J Mol Struct 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2007.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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142
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Bergenstråhle M, Wohlert J, Larsson PT, Mazeau K, Berglund LA. Dynamics of Cellulose−Water Interfaces: NMR Spin−Lattice Relaxation Times Calculated from Atomistic Computer Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:2590-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jp074641t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malin Bergenstråhle
- KTH Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden, STFI-Packforsk AB, 11486 Stockholm, Sweden, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), BP53, 38041, Grenoble cedex 9, France, affiliated with Université Joseph Fourier, and member of the Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble
| | - Jakob Wohlert
- KTH Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden, STFI-Packforsk AB, 11486 Stockholm, Sweden, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), BP53, 38041, Grenoble cedex 9, France, affiliated with Université Joseph Fourier, and member of the Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble
| | - Per Tomas Larsson
- KTH Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden, STFI-Packforsk AB, 11486 Stockholm, Sweden, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), BP53, 38041, Grenoble cedex 9, France, affiliated with Université Joseph Fourier, and member of the Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble
| | - Karim Mazeau
- KTH Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden, STFI-Packforsk AB, 11486 Stockholm, Sweden, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), BP53, 38041, Grenoble cedex 9, France, affiliated with Université Joseph Fourier, and member of the Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble
| | - Lars A. Berglund
- KTH Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden, STFI-Packforsk AB, 11486 Stockholm, Sweden, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), BP53, 38041, Grenoble cedex 9, France, affiliated with Université Joseph Fourier, and member of the Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble
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143
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Delmotte L, Ganne-Chedeville C, Leban J, Pizzi A, Pichelin F. CP-MAS 13C NMR and FT-IR investigation of the degradation reactions of polymer constituents in wood welding. Polym Degrad Stab 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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144
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145
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Watanabe A, Morita S, Ozaki Y. Temperature-Dependent Changes in Hydrogen Bonds in Cellulose Iα Studied by Infrared Spectroscopy in Combination with Perturbation-Correlation Moving-Window Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy: Comparison with Cellulose Iβ. Biomacromolecules 2007; 8:2969-75. [PMID: 17705428 DOI: 10.1021/bm700678u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Our recent IR study demonstrated that hydrogen-bond structure in cellulose Ibeta drastically changes around 220 degrees C (Watanabe et al. Biomacromolecules 2006, 7, 3164). In the present study, temperature-dependent IR spectra of cellulose Ialpha from 30 to 260 degrees C were analyzed by use of perturbation-correlation moving-window two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy. It was observed that as in the case of cellulose Ibeta abrupt changes in the hydrogen-bond structure occur around 220 degrees C in cellulose Ialpha. It was also revealed that although weakly hydrogen-bonded OH groups in Ibeta are stable below 230 degrees C thermal oxidation of those in Ialpha is accelerated around 220 degrees C. In this way, the present study has clarified a difference between the thermal behavior of Ialpha and that of Ibeta at the functional group level. Our result suggests that the drastic change in the hydrogen-bond structure around 220 degrees C makes cellulose Ialpha much more unstable than Ibeta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Near Infrared Spectroscopy, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda 669-1337, Japan
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146
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Gómez X, Diaz MC, Cooper M, Blanco D, Morán A, Snape CE. Study of biological stabilization processes of cattle and poultry manure by thermogravimetric analysis and (13)C NMR. CHEMOSPHERE 2007; 68:1889-97. [PMID: 17433408 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2006] [Revised: 02/28/2007] [Accepted: 02/28/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The biological stabilization process of cattle and poultry manure was studied using thermogravimetric analysis and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance. The stabilization processes carried out were composting, anaerobic digestion and a mixed process (partly aerobic, partly anaerobic). It was observed from the analyzed samples that the biological stabilization processes reduce the volatile content of the bio-wastes and increase the degree of aromaticity. The stabilization of cattle manure by means of aerobic processes was able to further oxidize and enriched in aromatic compounds the bio-waste when compared with the digestion process. On the other hand, the stabilization of poultry manure resulted in a greater aromatization under the digestion process. Stabilized samples with a high degree of aromaticity presented a lower volatile content accompanied by a reduction in the intensity of the differential thermogravimetry peak registered under an inert atmosphere, indicative of the thermal decomposition of the organic matter. The thermal decomposition of all the analyzed materials (fresh and stabilized samples) commenced at around 200 degrees C but for the digested poultry manure, which decomposition initiated close to 250 degrees C. All stabilized samples yielded a lower degree of volatilization to that one observed in fresh samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Gómez
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of León, IRENA-ESTIA, Avda. de Portugal 41, León 24071, Spain
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147
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Zhao H, Holladay JE, Kwak JH, Zhang ZC. Inverse Temperature-Dependent Pathway of Cellulose Decrystallization in Trifluoroacetic Acid. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:5295-300. [PMID: 17447810 DOI: 10.1021/jp070253f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An unusual inverse temperature-dependent pathway was observed during cellulose decrystallization in trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). Decreasing the TFA treatment temperature accelerated the cellulose decrystallization process. It took only 100 min to completely decrystallize cellulose at 0 degrees C in TFA, a result not achieved in 48 h at 25 degrees C in the same medium. There was neither cellulose esterification nor a change of cellulose macrofibril morphology by TFA treatment at 0 degrees C. Our IR data suggest that TFA molecules are present as cyclic dimers when they penetrate into crystalline cellulose regions, transforming crystalline cellulose to amorphous cellulose. On the other hand, the rate of TFA penetration into the cellulose matrix was greatly retarded at higher temperatures where monomeric TFA prevails. At elevated temperatures, esterification of TFA monomers on the external surface of crystalline cellulose, agglomeration of cellulose macrofibrils, as well as water released from the esterification reaction, inhibit the diffusion rate of TFA into the cellulose crystalline region and decrease the TFA swelling capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Zhao
- Institute for Interfacial Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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148
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Spaccini R, Piccolo A. Molecular characterization of compost at increasing stages of maturity. 2. Thermochemolysis-GC-MS and 13C-CPMAS-NMR spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:2303-11. [PMID: 17298080 DOI: 10.1021/jf0625407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Off-line pyrolysis TMAH-GC-MS (thermochemolysis) and solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy were applied for the direct molecular characterization of composted organic biomasses after 60, 90, and 150 days of maturity. Off-line thermochemolysis of both fresh and mature composts released various lignin-derived molecules, the quantitative measurement of which was used to calculate structural indices related to compost maturity. These indicated that most of the molecular transformation occurred within the first 60 days of the composting process, whereas slighter molecular variations were observed thereafter. Both 13C NMR spectra and offline programs suggested that the process of compost maturity was characterized by a progressive decrease of alkyl components, whereas cellulose polysaccharides appeared to be more resistant and began to be transformed at a later composting period. The main components of the final mature compost were lignocellulosic material and hydrophobic alkyl moieties, in as much as that commonly found in well-humidified organic matter of soils and sediments. The persistence of untransformed lignin-derived products and di- and triterpenoids throughout the maturity period suggested that these molecules are useful markers to both evaluate compost origin and trace its fate in the environment. Thermochemolysis provided the same characterization of molecules either unbound or bound to the compost matrix as that reached by a previously applied sequential chemical fractionation of the same compost materials, thereby indicating that thermochemolysis is a more rapid and equally efficient tool to assess compost molecular quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Spaccini
- Dipartimento Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta, e dell'Ambiente, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy.
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149
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Pielesz A. Spectroscopic study of interactions between model direct dyes and cotton. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.25566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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150
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He J, Cui S, Wang SY. Preparation and crystalline analysis of high-grade bamboo dissolving pulp for cellulose acetate. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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