101
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Linkage, whole genome sequence, and biological data implicate variants in RAB10 in Alzheimer's disease resilience. Genome Med 2017; 9:100. [PMID: 29183403 PMCID: PMC5706401 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-017-0486-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While age and the APOE ε4 allele are major risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a small percentage of individuals with these risk factors exhibit AD resilience by living well beyond 75 years of age without any clinical symptoms of cognitive decline. Methods We used over 200 “AD resilient” individuals and an innovative, pedigree-based approach to identify genetic variants that segregate with AD resilience. First, we performed linkage analyses in pedigrees with resilient individuals and a statistical excess of AD deaths. Second, we used whole genome sequences to identify candidate SNPs in significant linkage regions. Third, we replicated SNPs from the linkage peaks that reduced risk for AD in an independent dataset and in a gene-based test. Finally, we experimentally characterized replicated SNPs. Results Rs142787485 in RAB10 confers significant protection against AD (p value = 0.0184, odds ratio = 0.5853). Moreover, we replicated this association in an independent series of unrelated individuals (p value = 0.028, odds ratio = 0.69) and used a gene-based test to confirm a role for RAB10 variants in modifying AD risk (p value = 0.002). Experimentally, we demonstrated that knockdown of RAB10 resulted in a significant decrease in Aβ42 (p value = 0.0003) and in the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio (p value = 0.0001) in neuroblastoma cells. We also found that RAB10 expression is significantly elevated in human AD brains (p value = 0.04). Conclusions Our results suggest that RAB10 could be a promising therapeutic target for AD prevention. In addition, our gene discovery approach can be expanded and adapted to other phenotypes, thus serving as a model for future efforts to identify rare variants for AD and other complex human diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13073-017-0486-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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102
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Kasza Á, Penke B, Frank Z, Bozsó Z, Szegedi V, Hunya Á, Németh K, Kozma G, Fülöp L. Studies for Improving a Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease: Icv Administration of Well-Characterized β-Amyloid 1-42 Oligomers Induce Dysfunction in Spatial Memory. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22112007. [PMID: 29156571 PMCID: PMC6150403 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22112007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past 15 years, several genetically altered mouse models of human Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have been developed. These costly models have greatly facilitated the evaluation of novel therapeutic approaches. Injecting synthetic β-amyloid (Aβ) 1-42 species into different parts of the brain of non-transgenic rodents frequently provided unreliable results, owing to a lack of a genuine characterization of the administered Aβ aggregates. Previously, we have published a new rat AD-model in which protofibrillar-fibrillar Aβ1-42 was administered into rat entorhinal cortex (Sipos 2007). In order to develop a more reliable model, we have injected well-characterized toxic soluble Aβ1-42 species (oligomers, protofibrils and fibrils) intracerebroventricularly (icv) into rat brain. Studies of the distribution of fluorescent-labeled Aβ1-42 in the brain showed that soluble Aβ-species diffused into all parts of the rat brain. After seven days, the Aβ-treated animals showed a significant decrease of spatial memory in Morris water maze test and impairment of synaptic plasticity (LTP) measured in acute hippocampal slices. The results of histological studies (decreased number of viable neurons, increased tau levels and decreased number of dendritic spines) also supported that icv administration of well-characterized toxic soluble Aβ species into rat brain provides a reliable rat AD-model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Kasza
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dome square 8, Szeged H-6720, Hungary.
| | - Botond Penke
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dome square 8, Szeged H-6720, Hungary.
| | - Zsuzsanna Frank
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dome square 8, Szeged H-6720, Hungary.
| | - Zsolt Bozsó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dome square 8, Szeged H-6720, Hungary.
| | - Viktor Szegedi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dome square 8, Szeged H-6720, Hungary.
| | - Ákos Hunya
- LipidArt Research and Development Ltd., Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged H-6726, Hungary.
| | - Klaudia Németh
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dome square 8, Szeged H-6720, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Kozma
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla square 1, Szeged H-6720, Hungary.
| | - Lívia Fülöp
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dome square 8, Szeged H-6720, Hungary.
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103
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Association Analysis of Polymorphisms in TOMM40, CR1, PVRL2, SORL1, PICALM, and 14q32.13 Regions in Colombian Alzheimer Disease Patients. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2017; 30:305-309. [PMID: 27023435 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the association of several single-nucleotide polymorphisms in different genes including APOE, TOMM40, CR1, PVRL2, SORL1, PICALM, and GWA_14q32.13 in a Colombian sample of Late-Onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD) patients. METHODS A case-control study was conducted in 362 individuals (181 LOADs and 181 controls) to determine the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in APOE (e2, e3, and e4), TOMM40 (rs2075650), CR1 (rs665640), PVRL2 (rs6859), SORL1 (rs11218304), PICALM (rs3851179), and GWA_14q32.13 (rs11622883) with LOAD in a sample from Colombia. RESULTS We were able to confirm the previously reported association of the APOE4 allele with AD. In addition, we report a new significant association with rs2075650 of TOMM40 for LOAD in our sample. We did not detect any significant interaction between TOMM40 and APOE4 carriers (heterozygous or homozygous) for disease risk development. However, Kaplan-Meier survival analyses suggest that AD patients with TOMM40 allele rs2075650-G have an average age of disease onset of 6 years earlier compared with carriers of the A allele. In addition, the age of disease onset is earlier if APOE4/4 is present. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that rs2075650 of TOMM40 could be involved in earlier presentation of LOAD in the Colombian population.
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104
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Wagner MT, Szeles DM, Mulder B, Sohn M, Walker A. Posterior cortical atrophy of a suspected non-Alzheimer type: a case report. Clin Neuropsychol 2017; 32:720-738. [PMID: 29072103 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2017.1391331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A case of Posterior Cortical Atrophy syndrome of a suspected non-Alzheimer disease pathology type is presented to illustrate prospective diagnosis and course. METHOD A 54-year-old woman with vague memory complaints underwent serial neuropsychological assessment, MRI, PET, and CSF screening; data are reviewed. RESULTS While early diagnosis was confounded by multiple factors, classic visuospatial symptoms were later demonstrated using routine neuropsychological methods. Serial MRI, PET, and CSF screening argued strongly for an alternative underlying pathology to AD. At age 59, her condition had progressed to dementia. CONCLUSIONS Findings underscore the need for further research on suspected non-amyloid-based pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Wagner
- a Department of Neurology , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC , USA
| | - Dana M Szeles
- a Department of Neurology , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC , USA
| | - Blakely Mulder
- a Department of Neurology , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC , USA.,b Department of Counseling, Higher Education, and Special Education , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA
| | - Mimi Sohn
- a Department of Neurology , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC , USA
| | - Aljoeson Walker
- a Department of Neurology , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC , USA
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105
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Braczynski AK, Schulz JB, Bach JP. Vaccination strategies in tauopathies and synucleinopathies. J Neurochem 2017; 143:467-488. [PMID: 28869766 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination therapies constitute potential treatment options in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease or Parkinson disease. While a lot of research has been performed on vaccination against extracellular amyloid β, the focus recently shifted toward vaccination against the intracellular proteins tau and α-synuclein, with promising results in terms of protein accumulation reduction. In this review, we briefly summarize lessons to be learned from clinical vaccination trials in Alzheimer disease that target amyloid β. We then focus on tau and α-synuclein. For both proteins, we provide important data on protein immunogenicity, and put them into context with data available from both animals and human vaccination trials targeted at tau and α-synuclein. Together, we give a comprehensive overview about current clinical data, and discuss associated problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Braczynski
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jörg B Schulz
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA) - JARA-Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, FZ Jülich and RWTH University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan-Philipp Bach
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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106
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β-Amyloid and the Pathomechanisms of Alzheimer's Disease: A Comprehensive View. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101692. [PMID: 28994715 PMCID: PMC6151811 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein dyshomeostasis is the common mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Aging is the key risk factor, as the capacity of the proteostasis network declines during aging. Different cellular stress conditions result in the up-regulation of the neurotrophic, neuroprotective amyloid precursor protein (APP). Enzymatic processing of APP may result in formation of toxic Aβ aggregates (β-amyloids). Protein folding is the basis of life and death. Intracellular Aβ affects the function of subcellular organelles by disturbing the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria cross-talk and causing severe Ca2+-dysregulation and lipid dyshomeostasis. The extensive and complex network of proteostasis declines during aging and is not able to maintain the balance between production and disposal of proteins. The effectivity of cellular pathways that safeguard cells against proteotoxic stress (molecular chaperones, aggresomes, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy) declines with age. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion causes dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and thus the Aβ-clearance from brain-to-blood decreases. Microglia-mediated clearance of Aβ also declines, Aβ accumulates in the brain and causes neuroinflammation. Recognition of the above mentioned complex pathogenesis pathway resulted in novel drug targets in AD research.
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107
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Wang X, Zhou X, Li G, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Song W. Modifications and Trafficking of APP in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:294. [PMID: 28966576 PMCID: PMC5605621 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder, is the leading cause of dementia. Neuritic plaque, one of the major characteristics of AD neuropathology, mainly consists of amyloid β (Aβ) protein. Aβ is derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP) by sequential cleavages of β- and γ-secretase. Although APP upregulation can promote AD pathogenesis by facilitating Aβ production, growing evidence indicates that aberrant post-translational modifications and trafficking of APP play a pivotal role in AD pathogenesis by dysregulating APP processing and Aβ generation. In this report, we reviewed the current knowledge of APP modifications and trafficking as well as their role in APP processing. More importantly, we discussed the effect of aberrant APP modifications and trafficking on Aβ generation and the underlying mechanisms, which may provide novel strategies for drug development in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China
| | - Gongying Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British ColumbiaVancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yili Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China.,Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British ColumbiaVancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Weihong Song
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British ColumbiaVancouver, BC, Canada
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108
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Association between LRP1 C766T polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease susceptibility: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8435. [PMID: 28814781 PMCID: PMC5559589 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08335-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) C766T polymorphism (rs1799986) has been extensively investigated for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) susceptibility. However, results in different studies have been contradictory. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis containing 6455 AD cases and 6304 controls from 26 independent case–control studies to determine whether there was an association between the LRP1 C766T polymorphism and AD susceptibility. The combined analysis showed that there was no significant association between LRP1 C766T polymorphism and AD susceptibility (TT + CT versus CC: OR = 0.920, 95% CI = 0.817–1.037, P = 0.172). In subgroup analysis, significant decreased AD susceptibility was found among Asian population in allele model (T versus C: OR = 0.786, 95% CI = 0.635–0.974, P = 0.028) and dominant model (TT + CT versus CC: OR = 0.800, 95% CI = 0.647–0.990, P = 0.040). Moreover, T allele of LRP1 C766T was statistically associated with late onset of AD (LOAD) (T versus C: OR = 0.858, 95% CI = 0.748–0.985, P = 0.029; TT + CT versus CC: OR = 0.871, 95% CI = 0.763–0.994, P = 0.040). In conclusion, our meta-analysis suggested that LRP1 C766T polymorphism was associated with lower risk of AD in Asian, and could reduce LOAD risk especially. Considering some limitations of our meta-analysis, further large-scale studies should be done to reach a more comprehensive understanding.
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109
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Kuo YC, Rajesh R. A critical overview of therapeutic strategy and advancement for Alzheimer's disease treatment. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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110
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Chiesa PA, Cavedo E, Lista S, Thompson PM, Hampel H. Revolution of Resting-State Functional Neuroimaging Genetics in Alzheimer's Disease. Trends Neurosci 2017; 40:469-480. [PMID: 28684173 PMCID: PMC5798613 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The quest to comprehend genetic, biological, and symptomatic heterogeneity underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) requires a deep understanding of mechanisms affecting complex brain systems. Neuroimaging genetics is an emerging field that provides a powerful way to analyze and characterize intermediate biological phenotypes of AD. Here, we describe recent studies showing the differential effect of genetic risk factors for AD on brain functional connectivity in cognitively normal, preclinical, prodromal, and AD dementia individuals. Functional neuroimaging genetics holds particular promise for the characterization of preclinical populations; target populations for disease prevention and modification trials. To this end, we emphasize the need for a paradigm shift towards integrative disease modeling and neuroimaging biomarker-guided precision medicine for AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia A Chiesa
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universities, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris 06, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A) & Brain and Spine Institute (ICM) UMR S 1127, Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.
| | - Enrica Cavedo
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universities, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris 06, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A) & Brain and Spine Institute (ICM) UMR S 1127, Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Simone Lista
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universities, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris 06, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A) & Brain and Spine Institute (ICM) UMR S 1127, Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90232, USA
| | - Harald Hampel
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universities, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris 06, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A) & Brain and Spine Institute (ICM) UMR S 1127, Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.
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111
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Dos Santos LR, Pimassoni LHS, Sena GGS, Camporez D, Belcavello L, Trancozo M, Morelato RL, Errera FIV, Bueno MRP, de Paula F. Validating GWAS Variants from Microglial Genes Implicated in Alzheimer's Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 62:215-221. [PMID: 28477215 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0928-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder that corresponds to most Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases. Inflammation is frequently related to AD, whereas microglial cells are the major phagocytes in the brain and mediate the removal of Aβ peptides. Microglial cell dsyregulation might contribute to the formation of amyloid plaques, a hallmark of AD. Genome-wide association studies have reported genetic loci associated with the inflammatory pathway involved in AD. Among them, rs3865444 CD33, rs3764650 ABCA7, rs6656401 CR1, and rs610932 MS4A6A variants in microglial genes are associated with LOAD. These variants are proposed to participate in the clearance of Aβ peptides. However, their association with LOAD was not validated in all case-control studies. Thus, the present work aimed to assess the involvement of CD33 (rs3865444), ABCA7 (rs3764650), CR1 (rs6656401), and MS4A6A (rs610932) with LOAD in a sample from southeastern Brazil. The genotype frequencies were assessed in 79 AD patients and 145 healthy elders matched for sex and age. We found that rs3865444 CD33 acts as a protective factor against LOAD. These results support a role for the inflammatory pathway in LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia Ramos Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de CiênciasHumanas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Prédio BárbaraWeinberg, Sala 102, Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | | | - Geralda Gillian Silva Sena
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de CiênciasHumanas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Prédio BárbaraWeinberg, Sala 102, Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil.,Departamento de Educação Integrada em Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Daniela Camporez
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de CiênciasHumanas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Prédio BárbaraWeinberg, Sala 102, Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Luciano Belcavello
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de CiênciasHumanas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Prédio BárbaraWeinberg, Sala 102, Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Maíra Trancozo
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de CiênciasHumanas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Prédio BárbaraWeinberg, Sala 102, Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Renato Lírio Morelato
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória, Vitória, ES, Brazil.,Hospital da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória, Escola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Flavia Imbroisi Valle Errera
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.,Escola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Flavia de Paula
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de CiênciasHumanas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Prédio BárbaraWeinberg, Sala 102, Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
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112
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Mahfouz A, Huisman SMH, Lelieveldt BPF, Reinders MJT. Brain transcriptome atlases: a computational perspective. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:1557-1580. [PMID: 27909802 PMCID: PMC5406417 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The immense complexity of the mammalian brain is largely reflected in the underlying molecular signatures of its billions of cells. Brain transcriptome atlases provide valuable insights into gene expression patterns across different brain areas throughout the course of development. Such atlases allow researchers to probe the molecular mechanisms which define neuronal identities, neuroanatomy, and patterns of connectivity. Despite the immense effort put into generating such atlases, to answer fundamental questions in neuroscience, an even greater effort is needed to develop methods to probe the resulting high-dimensional multivariate data. We provide a comprehensive overview of the various computational methods used to analyze brain transcriptome atlases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mahfouz
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Delft Bioinformatics Laboratory, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Sjoerd M H Huisman
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Delft Bioinformatics Laboratory, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Boudewijn P F Lelieveldt
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Delft Bioinformatics Laboratory, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel J T Reinders
- Delft Bioinformatics Laboratory, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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113
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Yin Z, Raj D, Saiepour N, Van Dam D, Brouwer N, Holtman IR, Eggen BJL, Möller T, Tamm JA, Abdourahman A, Hol EM, Kamphuis W, Bayer TA, De Deyn PP, Boddeke E. Immune hyperreactivity of Aβ plaque-associated microglia in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 55:115-122. [PMID: 28434692 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is strongly associated with microglia-induced neuroinflammation. Particularly, Aβ plaque-associated microglia take on an "activated" morphology. However, the function and phenotype of these Aβ plaque-associated microglia are not well understood. We show hyperreactivity of Aβ plaque-associated microglia upon systemic inflammation in transgenic AD mouse models (i.e., 5XFAD and APP23). Gene expression profiling of Aβ plaque-associated microglia (major histocompatibility complex II+ microglia) isolated from 5XFAD mice revealed a proinflammatory phenotype. The upregulated genes involved in the biological processes (gene ontology terms) included: "immune response to external stimulus" such as Axl, Cd63, Egr2, and Lgals3, "cell motility", such as Ccl3, Ccl4, Cxcr4, and Sdc3, "cell differentiation", and "system development", such as St14, Trpm1, and Spp1. In human AD tissue with similar Braak stages, expression of phagocytic markers and AD-associated genes, including HLA-DRA, APOE, AXL, TREM2, and TYROBP, was higher in laser-captured early-onset AD (EOAD) plaques than in late-onset AD plaques. Interestingly, the nonplaque parenchyma of both EOAD and late-onset AD brains, the expression of above-mentioned markers were similarly low. Here, we provide evidence that Aβ plaque-associated microglia are hyperreactive in their immune response and phagocytosis in the transgenic AD mice as well as in EOAD brain tissue. We suggest that Aβ plaque-associated microglia are the primary source of neuroinflammation related to AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoran Yin
- Section Medical Physiology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Divya Raj
- Section Medical Physiology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nasrin Saiepour
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Debby Van Dam
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nieske Brouwer
- Section Medical Physiology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Inge R Holtman
- Section Medical Physiology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bart J L Eggen
- Section Medical Physiology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Möller
- Neuroinflammation Disease Biology Unit, Lundbeck Research USA, Paramus, NJ, USA
| | - Joseph A Tamm
- Neuroinflammation Disease Biology Unit, Lundbeck Research USA, Paramus, NJ, USA
| | - Aicha Abdourahman
- Neuroinflammation Disease Biology Unit, Lundbeck Research USA, Paramus, NJ, USA
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Astrocyte biology & Neurodegeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Willem Kamphuis
- Astrocyte biology & Neurodegeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas A Bayer
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Peter P De Deyn
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Erik Boddeke
- Section Medical Physiology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Baldacci F, Lista S, Cavedo E, Bonuccelli U, Hampel H. Diagnostic function of the neuroinflammatory biomarker YKL-40 in Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 14:285-299. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2017.1304217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Baldacci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- AXA Research Fund UPMC Chair, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l’hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Simone Lista
- AXA Research Fund UPMC Chair, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l’hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Enrica Cavedo
- AXA Research Fund UPMC Chair, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l’hôpital, Paris, France
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ubaldo Bonuccelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Harald Hampel
- AXA Research Fund UPMC Chair, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l’hôpital, Paris, France
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Wang Z, Xiong L, Wan W, Duan L, Bai X, Zu H. Intranasal BMP9 Ameliorates Alzheimer Disease-Like Pathology and Cognitive Deficits in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:32. [PMID: 28228716 PMCID: PMC5296319 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and has no effective therapies. Previous studies showed that bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), an important factor in the differentiation and phenotype maintenance of cholinergic neurons, ameliorated the cholinergic defects resulting from amyloid deposition. These findings suggest that BMP9 has potential as a therapeutic agent for AD. However, the effects of BMP9 on cognitive function in AD and its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In the present study, BMP9 was delivered intranasally to 7-month-old APP/PS1 mice for 4 weeks. Our data showed that intranasal BMP9 administration significantly improved the spatial and associative learning and memory of APP/PS1 mice. We also found that intranasal BMP9 administration significantly reduced the amyloid β (Aβ) plaques overall, inhibited tau hyperphosphorylation, and suppressed neuroinflammation in the transgenic mouse brain. Furthermore, intranasal BMP9 administration significantly promoted the expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), an important membrane receptor involved in the clearance of amyloid β via the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and elevated the phosphorylation levels of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (Ser9), which is considered the main kinase involved in tau hyperphosphorylation. Our results suggest that BMP9 may be a promising candidate for treating AD by targeting multiple key pathways in the disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zigao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tinglin Hospital Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbin Wan
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Lijie Duan
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Bai
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Hengbing Zu
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai, China
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Psychosocial stress on neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunctions in Alzheimer's disease: the emerging role for microglia? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 77:148-164. [PMID: 28185874 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Chronic psychosocial stress is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) and associated cognitive deficits. Chronic stress also primes microglia and induces inflammatory responses in the adult brain, thereby compromising synapse-supportive roles of microglia and deteriorating cognitive functions during aging. Substantial evidence demonstrates that failure of microglia to clear abnormally accumulating amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide contributes to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in AD. Moreover, genome-wide association studies have linked variants in several immune genes, such as TREM2 and CD33, the expression of which in the brain is restricted to microglia, with cognitive dysfunctions in LOAD. Thus, inflammation-promoting chronic stress may create a vicious cycle of aggravated microglial dysfunction accompanied by increased Aβ accumulation, collectively exacerbating neurodegeneration. Surprisingly, however, little is known about whether and how chronic stress contributes to microglia-mediated neuroinflammation that may underlie cognitive impairments in AD. This review aims to summarize the currently available clinical and preclinical data and outline potential molecular mechanisms linking stress, microglia and neurodegeneration, to foster future research in this field.
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Watt G, Karl T. In vivo Evidence for Therapeutic Properties of Cannabidiol (CBD) for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:20. [PMID: 28217094 PMCID: PMC5289988 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease that is affecting an increasing number of people. It is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β and tau hyperphosphorylation as well as neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Current AD treatments do not stop or reverse the disease progression, highlighting the need for new, more effective therapeutics. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid that has demonstrated neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in vitro. Thus, it is investigated as a potential multifunctional treatment option for AD. Here, we summarize the current status quo of in vivo effects of CBD in established pharmacological and transgenic animal models for AD. The studies demonstrate the ability of CBD to reduce reactive gliosis and the neuroinflammatory response as well as to promote neurogenesis. Importantly, CBD also reverses and prevents the development of cognitive deficits in AD rodent models. Interestingly, combination therapies of CBD and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main active ingredient of cannabis sativa, show that CBD can antagonize the psychoactive effects associated with THC and possibly mediate greater therapeutic benefits than either phytocannabinoid alone. The studies provide “proof of principle” that CBD and possibly CBD-THC combinations are valid candidates for novel AD therapies. Further investigations should address the long-term potential of CBD and evaluate mechanisms involved in the therapeutic effects described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Watt
- Karl Group, Behavioural Neuroscience, Western Sydney University Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Tim Karl
- Karl Group, Behavioural Neuroscience, Western Sydney UniversityCampbelltown, NSW, Australia; Neuroscience Research AustraliaRandwick, NSW, Australia
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118
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A systematic review of the effect of cannabidiol on cognitive function: Relevance to schizophrenia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 72:310-324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the world. The "amyloid hypothesis" is one of the predominant hypotheses for the pathogenesis of AD. Besides, tau protein accumulation, calcium homeostasis disruption, and glial cell activation are also remarkable features in AD. Recently, there are some reports showing that TRPC channels may function in AD development, especially TRPC6. In this chapter, we will discuss the evidence for the involvement of TRPC channels in Alzheimer's disease and the potential of therapeutics for AD based on TRPC channels.
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120
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Yu Y, Mingjiao W, Yang X, Sui M, Zhang T, Liang J, Gu X, Wang X. Association between DNA methylation of SORL1 5′-flanking region and mild cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2016; 77:625-632. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Rogne S, Vangberg T, Eldevik P, Wikran G, Mathiesen EB, Schirmer H. Magnetic Resonance Volumetry: Prediction of Subjective Memory Complaints and Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Associations with Genetic and Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2016; 6:529-540. [PMID: 28101099 PMCID: PMC5216191 DOI: 10.1159/000450885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Subjective memory complaints (SMC) are strong predictors of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subsequent Alzheimer's disease. Our aims were to see if fully automated cerebral MR volume measurements could distinguish subjects with SMC and MCI from controls, and if probable parental late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), apolipoprotein E ε4 genotype, total plasma homocysteine, and cardiovascular risk factors were associated with MR volumetric findings. Methods 198 stroke-free subjects comprised the control (n = 58), the SMC (n = 25) and the MCI (n = 115) groups. Analysis of covariance and receiver operating characteristic curve was used to see if MR volumetry distinguished subjects with SMC and MCI from controls. Results Subjects with SMC and MCI had significantly larger lateral ventricles and smaller hippocampal volumes than controls. The area under the curve in subjects with SMC and MCI compared to that of controls was less than 0.68 for all volumes of intracranial structures. There was an interaction between sex and probable parental LOAD for hippocampal volume, with a significant association between probable parental LOAD and hippocampal volume in women. Conclusions Fully automated MR volumetry can distinguish subjects with SMC and MCI from controls in a general population, but insufficiently to assume a clear clinical role. Research on sporadic LOAD might benefit from a sex-specific search for genetic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigbjørn Rogne
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Torgil Vangberg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Radiology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Petter Eldevik
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Radiology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gry Wikran
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ellisiv B Mathiesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Henrik Schirmer
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Division of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Disease, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Alves S, Fol R, Cartier N. Gene Therapy Strategies for Alzheimer's Disease: An Overview. Hum Gene Ther 2016; 27:100-7. [PMID: 26838997 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2016.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Key neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated Tau protein. The mechanisms underlying these neuropathological changes remain unclear. So far, research on AD therapy has had limited success in terms of symptomatic treatments although it has also had several failures for disease-modifying drugs. Gene transfer strategies to the brain have contributed to evaluate in animal models many interesting tracks, some of which should deserve clinical applications in AD patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Alves
- INSERM U1169/MIRCen CEA 92265 Fontenay aux Roses and Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , Orsay, France
| | - Romain Fol
- INSERM U1169/MIRCen CEA 92265 Fontenay aux Roses and Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , Orsay, France
| | - Nathalie Cartier
- INSERM U1169/MIRCen CEA 92265 Fontenay aux Roses and Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , Orsay, France
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De Beaumont L, Pelleieux S, Lamarre-Théroux L, Dea D, Poirier J. Butyrylcholinesterase K and Apolipoprotein E-ɛ4 Reduce the Age of Onset of Alzheimer’s Disease, Accelerate Cognitive Decline, and Modulate Donepezil Response in Mild Cognitively Impaired Subjects. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 54:913-922. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-160373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Louis De Beaumont
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sandra Pelleieux
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Doris Dea
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Montreal, Canada
| | - Judes Poirier
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Montreal, Canada
- Center for Studies in the Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease, McGill University, Verdun, Montreal, Canada
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Bourgade K, Dupuis G, Frost EH, Fülöp T. Anti-Viral Properties of Amyloid-β Peptides. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 54:859-878. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-160517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karine Bourgade
- Research Center on Aging, Graduate Program in Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gilles Dupuis
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate Program in Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric H. Frost
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tamàs Fülöp
- Department of Medicine, Research Center on Aging, Graduate Program in Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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Ni R, Gillberg PG, Bogdanovic N, Viitanen M, Myllykangas L, Nennesmo I, Långström B, Nordberg A. Amyloid tracers binding sites in autosomal dominant and sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2016; 13:419-430. [PMID: 27693181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amyloid imaging has been integrated into diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease (AD). How amyloid tracers binding differ for different tracer structures and amyloid-β aggregates in autosomal dominant AD (ADAD) and sporadic AD is unclear. METHODS Binding properties of different amyloid tracers were examined in brain homogenates from six ADAD with APPswe, PS1 M146V, and PS1 EΔ9 mutations, 13 sporadic AD, and 14 control cases. RESULTS 3H-PIB, 3H-florbetaben, 3H-AZD2184, and BTA-1 shared a high- and a varying low-affinity binding site in the frontal cortex of sporadic AD. AZD2184 detected another binding site (affinity 33 nM) in the frontal cortex of ADAD. The 3H-AZD2184 and 3H-PIB binding were significantly higher in the striatum of ADAD compared to sporadic AD and control. Polyphenol resveratrol showed strongest inhibition on 3H-AZD84 binding followed by 3H-florbetaben and minimal on 3H-PIB. DISCUSSION This study implies amyloid tracers of different structures detect different sites on amyloid-β fibrils or conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Ni
- Division of Translational Alzheimer Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Göran Gillberg
- Division of Translational Alzheimer Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nenad Bogdanovic
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Matti Viitanen
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Inger Nennesmo
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Långström
- Department of Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Division of Translational Alzheimer Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Translational Assays for Assessment of Cognition in Rodent Models of Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 60:371-382. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0837-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Genetic Association of CHAT rs3810950 and rs2177369 Polymorphisms with the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease: A Meta-Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9418163. [PMID: 27597977 PMCID: PMC5002460 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9418163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) rs3810950 and rs2177369 polymorphisms have been implicated in susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Due to the inconsistent results from previous studies, a meta-analysis was performed to estimate the association between these polymorphisms and AD risk more precisely. Pooled results of our meta-analysis indicated CHAT rs2177369 polymorphism was correlated with decreasing AD risk in one of five genetic models (dominant: OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.62–0.96), while rs3810950 mutant was associated with AD development in three models (allelic: OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.01–1.37, homozygous: OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.09–2.42, and recessive: OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.20–2.26). In subgroup analysis by ethnicity, the association between CHAT rs3810950 polymorphism and AD risk was just found in the recessive model (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.05–2.07) among Caucasians, while four genetic models (allelic: OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.01–1.48; homozygous: OR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.48–3.39; dominant: OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.06–1.40; and recessive: OR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.45–3.29) assumed this association in Asians. In conclusion, our meta-analysis indicated CHAT rs2177369 polymorphism might play a protective role in AD, while rs3810950 variant was a risk factor for AD but its single heterozygous mutations might not influence susceptibility to AD.
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Denvir J, Neitch S, Fan J, Niles RM, Boskovic G, Schreurs BG, Primerano DA, Alkon DL. Identification of the PS1 Thr147Ile Variant in a Family with Very Early Onset Dementia and Expressive Aphasia. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 46:483-90. [PMID: 25812849 PMCID: PMC4583332 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early onset dementias have variable clinical presentations and are often difficult to diagnose. We established a family pedigree that demonstrated consistent recurrence of very early onset dementia in successive generations. OBJECTIVE AND METHOD In order to refine the diagnosis in this family, we sequenced the exomes of two affected family members and relied on discrete filtering to identify disease genes and the corresponding causal variants. RESULTS Among the 720 nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) shared by two affected members, we found a C to T transition that gives rise to a Thr147Ile missense substitution in the presenilin 1 (PS1) protein. The presence of this same mutation in a French early-onset Alzheimer's disease family, other affected members of the family, and the predicted high pathogenicity of the substitution strongly suggest that it is the causal variant. In addition to exceptionally young age of onset, we also observed significant limb spasticity and early loss of speech, concurrent with progression of dementia in affected family members. These findings extend the clinical presentation associated with the Thr147Ile variant. Lastly, one member with the Thr147Ile variant was treated with the PKC epsilon activator, bryostatin, in a compassionate use trial after successful FDA review. Initial improvements with this treatment were unexpectedly clear, including return of some speech, increased attentional focus, ability to swallow, and some apparent decrease in limb spasticity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm the role of the PS1 Thr147Ile substitution in Alzheimer's disease and expand the clinical phenotype to include expressive aphasia and very early onset of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Denvir
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Shirley Neitch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Richard M Niles
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Goran Boskovic
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Bernard G Schreurs
- Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Donald A Primerano
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Daniel L Alkon
- Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Weinstein G, Beiser AS, Preis SR, Courchesne P, Chouraki V, Levy D, Seshadri S. Plasma clusterin levels and risk of dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING 2016; 3:103-9. [PMID: 27453932 PMCID: PMC4949604 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic variation in the clusterin gene has been associated with Alzheimer Disease (AD), and the clusterin protein is thought to play a mechanistic role. We explored the associations of clusterin plasma levels with incident dementia, AD, and stroke. METHODS Plasma clusterin was assessed in 1532 nondemented participants from the Framingham Study Offspring cohort between 1998 and 2001 (mean age, 69 ± 6; 53% women). We related clusterin levels to risk of incident dementia, AD, and stroke using Cox-proportional hazards models and examined potential interactions. RESULTS A significant interaction of plasma clusterin levels with age was observed. Clusterin was significantly associated with increased risk of dementia among elderly persons (>80 years; hazard ratio [HR], 95% confidence interval = 6.25, 1.64-23.89; P = .007) and with decreased risk of dementia (HR = 0.53, 0.32-0.88; P = .013) and stroke (HR = 0.78, 0.63-0.97; P = .029) among younger participants. DISCUSSION The association between plasma clusterin levels and risk of dementia and stroke may be modified by age or an age-related factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexa S Beiser
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah R Preis
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Vincent Chouraki
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; The Population Sciences Branch of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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130
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Raskin J, Cummings J, Hardy J, Schuh K, Dean RA. Neurobiology of Alzheimer's Disease: Integrated Molecular, Physiological, Anatomical, Biomarker, and Cognitive Dimensions. Curr Alzheimer Res 2016; 12:712-22. [PMID: 26412218 PMCID: PMC5384474 DOI: 10.2174/1567205012666150701103107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with interrelated molecular, physiological, anatomical, biomarker, and cognitive dimensions. Methods: This article reviews the biological changes (genetic, molecular, and cellular) underlying AD and their correlation with the clinical syndrome. Results: Dementia associated with AD is related to the aberrant production, processing, and clearance of beta-amyloid and tau. Beta-amyloid deposition in brain follows a distinct spatial progression starting in the basal neocortex, spreading throughout the hippocampus, and eventually spreading to the rest of the cortex. The spread of tau pathology through neural networks leads to a distinct and consistent spatial progression of neurofibrillary tangles, beginning in the transentorhinal and hippocampal region and spreading superolaterally to the primary areas of the neocortex. Synaptic dysfunction and cell death is shown by progressive loss of cerebral metabolic rate for glucose and progressive brain atrophy. Decreases in synapse number in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus correlate with declining cognitive function. Amyloid changes are detectable in cerebrospinal fluid and with amyloid imaging up to 20 years prior to the onset of symptoms. Structural atrophy may be detectable via magnetic resonance imaging up to 10 years before clinical signs appear. Conclusion: This review highlights the progression of biological changes underlying AD and their association with the clinical syndrome. Many changes occur before overt symptoms are evident and biomarkers provide a means to detect AD pathology even in patients without symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Raskin
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis IN 46285, USA.
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131
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Cuyvers E, Sleegers K. Genetic variations underlying Alzheimer's disease: evidence from genome-wide association studies and beyond. Lancet Neurol 2016; 15:857-868. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(16)00127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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132
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Dumanski JP, Lambert JC, Rasi C, Giedraitis V, Davies H, Grenier-Boley B, Lindgren CM, Campion D, Dufouil C, Pasquier F, Amouyel P, Lannfelt L, Ingelsson M, Kilander L, Lind L, Forsberg LA, Forsberg LA. Mosaic Loss of Chromosome Y in Blood Is Associated with Alzheimer Disease. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 98:1208-1219. [PMID: 27231129 PMCID: PMC4908225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Men have a shorter life expectancy compared with women but the underlying factor(s) are not clear. Late-onset, sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD) is a common and lethal neurodegenerative disorder and many germline inherited variants have been found to influence the risk of developing AD. Our previous results show that a fundamentally different genetic variant, i.e., lifetime-acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY) in blood cells, is associated with all-cause mortality and an increased risk of non-hematological tumors and that LOY could be induced by tobacco smoking. We tested here a hypothesis that men with LOY are more susceptible to AD and show that LOY is associated with AD in three independent studies of different types. In a case-control study, males with AD diagnosis had higher degree of LOY mosaicism (adjusted odds ratio = 2.80, p = 0.0184, AD events = 606). Furthermore, in two prospective studies, men with LOY at blood sampling had greater risk for incident AD diagnosis during follow-up time (hazard ratio [HR] = 6.80, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 2.16–21.43, AD events = 140, p = 0.0011). Thus, LOY in blood is associated with risks of both AD and cancer, suggesting a role of LOY in blood cells on disease processes in other tissues, possibly via defective immunosurveillance. As a male-specific risk factor, LOY might explain why males on average live shorter lives than females.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lars A Forsberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75108 Uppsala, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
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133
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article evaluates recent experimental and human evidence regarding the involvement of lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins in neurodegenerative diseases, and reviews the current literature of the effects of cholesterol-lowering treatment on cognition. RECENT FINDINGS Plasma levels of traditional lipids and lipoproteins are not consistently associated with risk of dementia even though low plasma levels of apolipoprotein E, through unknown mechanisms, robustly predict future dementia. Experimental evidence suggests neuroprotective roles of several brain and cerebrospinal fluid apolipoproteins. Whether plasma levels of apolipoprotein E, or any other apolipoprotein with possible central nervous system and/or blood-brain barrier functions (apolipoproteins J, A-I, A-II, A-IV, D, C-I, and C-III) may become accessible biomarker components that improve risk prediction for dementia together with genetic risk variants and cardiovascular risk factors remains to be determined. SUMMARY Apolipoproteins with well established functions in peripheral lipid metabolism may play important roles for brain vascular health and Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. Experimental work on lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins in the central nervous system together with robust prospective human studies will help to substantiate the drug target potential of these lipid components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl L Wellington
- aDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada bDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospitals cFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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134
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Chen Q, Liang B, Wang Z, Cheng X, Huang Y, Liu Y, Huang Z. Influence of four polymorphisms in ABCA1 and PTGS2 genes on risk of Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis. Neurol Sci 2016; 37:1209-20. [PMID: 27215623 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-016-2579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We preformed this meta-analysis to investigate the influence of ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 1) rs2422493 (C-477T), rs1800977 (C-14T), rs2066718 (V771M), and PTGS2 (Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2) rs20417 (G-765C) polymorphisms on the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Seventeen eligible case-control studies were acquired from PubMed, Embase, Alzgene, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang databases. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) were calculated to evaluate the association under five genetic models. Combined data indicated that ABCA1 rs2422493 polymorphism was statistically significant associated with increasing AD risk in three genetic models (allelic T vs C: OR = 1.12, 95 % CI: 1.01-1.24; homozygous TT vs CC: OR = 1.26, 95 % CI: 1.03-1.55; and recessive TT vs TC + CC: OR = 1.33, 95 % CI: 1.12-1.58) while no association was found between two other ABCA1 polymorphisms and AD susceptibility. Nevertheless, a further risk-stratification analysis showed that ApoE-ε4 carriers with any ABCA1 polymorphism suffered a much higher probability to be AD patients. Meanwhile, PTGS2 rs20417 polymorphism was linked to decreasing AD risk with a P < 0.0001 in five genetic models (e.g., allelic C vs G: OR = 0.59, 95 % CI: 0.50-0.70; homozygous CC vs GG: OR = 0.31, 95 % CI: 0.18-0.52; and heterozygous CG vs GG: OR = 0.64, 95 % CI: 0.52-0.78). In summary, our meta-analysis results showed that ABCA1 rs2422493 polymorphism was a risk factor for AD while PTGS2 rs20417 variant showed a protective effect on AD risk. In addition, ABCA1 rs2066718 and rs1800977 polymorphisms might not contribute to AD susceptibility in general population, but they should play a role on AD development when interacted with ApoE-ε4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qicong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Biyu Liang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyou Wang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifeng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zunnan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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135
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Richards RI, Robertson SA, O'Keefe LV, Fornarino D, Scott A, Lardelli M, Baune BT. The Enemy within: Innate Surveillance-Mediated Cell Death, the Common Mechanism of Neurodegenerative Disease. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:193. [PMID: 27242399 PMCID: PMC4862319 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases comprise an array of progressive neurological disorders all characterized by the selective death of neurons in the central nervous system. Although, rare (familial) and common (sporadic) forms can occur for the same disease, it is unclear whether this reflects several distinct pathogenic pathways or the convergence of different causes into a common form of nerve cell death. Remarkably, neurodegenerative diseases are increasingly found to be accompanied by activation of the innate immune surveillance system normally associated with pathogen recognition and response. Innate surveillance is the cell's quality control system for the purpose of detecting such danger signals and responding in an appropriate manner. Innate surveillance is an "intelligent system," in that the manner of response is relevant to the magnitude and duration of the threat. If possible, the threat is dealt with within the cell in which it is detected, by degrading the danger signal(s) and restoring homeostasis. If this is not successful then an inflammatory response is instigated that is aimed at restricting the spread of the threat by elevating degradative pathways, sensitizing neighboring cells, and recruiting specialized cell types to the site. If the danger signal persists, then the ultimate response can include not only the programmed cell death of the original cell, but the contents of this dead cell can also bring about the death of adjacent sensitized cells. These responses are clearly aimed at destroying the ability of the detected pathogen to propagate and spread. Innate surveillance comprises intracellular, extracellular, non-cell autonomous and systemic processes. Recent studies have revealed how multiple steps in these processes involve proteins that, through their mutation, have been linked to many familial forms of neurodegenerative disease. This suggests that individuals harboring these mutations may have an amplified response to innate-mediated damage in neural tissues, and renders innate surveillance mediated cell death a plausible common pathogenic pathway responsible for neurodegenerative diseases, in both familial and sporadic forms. Here we have assembled evidence in favor of the hypothesis that neurodegenerative disease is the cumulative result of chronic activation of the innate surveillance pathway, triggered by endogenous or environmental danger or damage associated molecular patterns in a progressively expanding cascade of inflammation, tissue damage and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert I Richards
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Centre for Molecular Pathology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sarah A Robertson
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Louise V O'Keefe
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Centre for Molecular Pathology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Dani Fornarino
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Centre for Molecular Pathology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew Scott
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Centre for Molecular Pathology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael Lardelli
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Centre for Molecular Pathology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- School of Medicine, Discipline of Psychiatry, The University of Adelaide Adelaide, SA, Australia
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136
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Traylor M, Adib‐Samii P, Harold D, Dichgans M, Williams J, Lewis CM, Markus HS. Shared genetic contribution to Ischaemic Stroke and Alzheimer's Disease. Ann Neurol 2016; 79:739-747. [PMID: 26913989 PMCID: PMC4864940 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence suggests epidemiological and pathological links between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Ischaemic Stroke (IS). We investigated the evidence that shared genetic factors underpin the two diseases. METHODS Using genome wide association study (GWAS) data from METASTROKE+ (15,916 IS cases and 68,826 controls) and IGAP (17,008 AD cases and 37,154 controls), we evaluated known associations with AD and IS. On the subset of data for which we could obtain compatible genotype-level data (4,610 IS cases, 1,281 AD cases and 14,320 controls), we estimated the genome-wide genetic correlation (rG) between AD and IS, and the three subtypes (cardioembolic, small vessel, large vessel), using genome-wide SNP data. We then performed a meta-analysis and pathway analysis in the combined AD and small vessel stroke datasets to identify the SNPs and molecular pathways through which disease risk may be conferred. RESULTS We found evidence of a shared genetic contribution between AD and small vessel stroke (rG(SE)=0.37(0.17); p=0.011). Conversely, there was no evidence to support shared genetic factors in AD and IS overall, or with the other stroke subtypes. Of the known GWAS associations with IS or AD, none reached significance for association with the other trait (or stroke subtypes). A meta-analysis of AD IGAP and METASTROKE+ small vessel stroke GWAS data highlighted a region (ATP5H/KCTD2/ICT1), associated with both diseases (p=1.8x10-8 ). A pathway analysis identified four associated pathways, involving cholesterol transport and immune response. INTERPRETATION Our findings indicate shared genetic susceptibility to AD and small vessel stroke and highlight potential causal pathways and loci. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Traylor
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Medical & Molecular GeneticsKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Poneh Adib‐Samii
- Stroke and Dementia Research CenterSt George's University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Denise Harold
- School of BiotechnologyDublin City UniversityDublinIreland
| | | | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia ResearchKlinikum der Universität München, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐UniversitätMunichGermany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)MunichGermany
| | - Julie Williams
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Center for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Cathryn M. Lewis
- Department of Medical & Molecular GeneticsKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Center, Institute of PsychiatryKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Hugh S. Markus
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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137
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Miranda C. M, Bustamante C. L. DIAGNÓSTICO GENÉTICO PARA ENFERMEDADES NEURODEGENERATIVAS. UN IMPORTANTE DESAFÍO PARA CHILE. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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138
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Carroll CM, Li YM. Physiological and pathological roles of the γ-secretase complex. Brain Res Bull 2016; 126:199-206. [PMID: 27133790 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-secretase (GS) is an enzyme complex that cleaves numerous substrates, and it is best known for cleaving amyloid precursor protein (APP) to form amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides. Aberrant cleavage of APP can lead to Alzheimer's disease, so much research has been done to better understand GS structure and function in hopes of developing therapeutics for Alzheimer's. Therefore, most of the attention in this field has been focused on developing modulators that reduce pathogenic forms of Aβ while leaving Notch and other GS substrates intact, but GS provides multiple avenues of modulation that could improve AD pathology. GS has complex regulation, through its essential subunits and other associated proteins, providing other targets for AD drugs. Therapeutics can also alter GS trafficking and thereby improve cognition, or move beyond Aβ entirely, effecting Notch and neural stem cells. GS also cleaves substrates that affect synaptic morphology and function, presenting another window by which GS modulation could improve AD pathology. Taken together, GS presents a unique cross road for neural processes and an ideal target for AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Carroll
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, United States; Program of Neuroscience, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, NY, United States.
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, United States; Program of Neuroscience, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, NY, United States; Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, NY, United States
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139
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Di Fruscio G, Schulz A, De Cegli R, Savarese M, Mutarelli M, Parenti G, Banfi S, Braulke T, Nigro V, Ballabio A. Lysoplex: An efficient toolkit to detect DNA sequence variations in the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. Autophagy 2016; 11:928-38. [PMID: 26075876 PMCID: PMC4502703 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1043077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP) regulates cell homeostasis and plays a crucial role in human diseases, such as lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) and common neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the identification of DNA sequence variations in genes involved in this pathway and their association with human diseases would have a significant impact on health. To this aim, we developed Lysoplex, a targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach, which allowed us to obtain a uniform and accurate coding sequence coverage of a comprehensive set of 891 genes involved in lysosomal, endocytic, and autophagic pathways. Lysoplex was successfully validated on 14 different types of LSDs and then used to analyze 48 mutation-unknown patients with a clinical phenotype of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL), a genetically heterogeneous subtype of LSD. Lysoplex allowed us to identify pathogenic mutations in 67% of patients, most of whom had been unsuccessfully analyzed by several sequencing approaches. In addition, in 3 patients, we found potential disease-causing variants in novel NCL candidate genes. We then compared the variant detection power of Lysoplex with data derived from public whole exome sequencing (WES) efforts. On average, a 50% higher number of validated amino acid changes and truncating variations per gene were identified. Overall, we identified 61 truncating sequence variations and 488 missense variations with a high probability to cause loss of function in a total of 316 genes. Interestingly, some loss-of-function variations of genes involved in the ALP pathway were found in homozygosity in the normal population, suggesting that their role is not essential. Thus, Lysoplex provided a comprehensive catalog of sequence variants in ALP genes and allows the assessment of their relevance in cell biology as well as their contribution to human disease.
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140
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Bernstein AI, Lin Y, Street RC, Lin L, Dai Q, Yu L, Bao H, Gearing M, Lah JJ, Nelson PT, He C, Levey AI, Mullé JG, Duan R, Jin P. 5-Hydroxymethylation-associated epigenetic modifiers of Alzheimer's disease modulate Tau-induced neurotoxicity. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:2437-2450. [PMID: 27060332 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive deterioration of cognitive function. Pathogenesis of AD is incompletely understood; evidence suggests a role for epigenetic regulation, in particular the cytosine modifications 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). 5hmC is enriched in the nervous system and displays neurodevelopment and age-related changes. To determine the role of 5hmC in AD, we performed genome-wide analyses of 5hmC in DNA from prefrontal cortex of post-mortem AD patients, and RNA-Seq to correlate changes in 5hmC with transcriptional changes. We identified 325 genes containing differentially hydroxymethylated loci (DhMLs) in both discovery and replication datasets. These are enriched for pathways involved in neuron projection development and neurogenesis. Of these, 140 showed changes in gene expression. Proteins encoded by these genes form direct protein-protein interactions with AD-associated genes, expanding the network of genes implicated in AD. We identified AD-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located within or near DhMLs, suggesting these SNPs may identify regions of epigenetic gene regulation that play a role in AD pathogenesis. Finally, using an existing AD fly model, we showed some of these genes modulate AD-associated toxicity. Our data implicate neuronal projection development and neurogenesis pathways as potential targets in AD. By incorporating epigenomic and transcriptomic data with genome-wide association studies data, with verification in the Drosophila model, we can expand the known network of genes involved in disease pathogenesis and identify epigenetic modifiers of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison I Bernstein
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yunting Lin
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - R Craig Street
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Qing Dai
- Department of Chemistry.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Li Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Han Bao
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Marla Gearing
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - James J Lah
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Peter T Nelson
- Department of Pathology, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Allan I Levey
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jennifer G Mullé
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ranhui Duan
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Winblad B, Amouyel P, Andrieu S, Ballard C, Brayne C, Brodaty H, Cedazo-Minguez A, Dubois B, Edvardsson D, Feldman H, Fratiglioni L, Frisoni GB, Gauthier S, Georges J, Graff C, Iqbal K, Jessen F, Johansson G, Jönsson L, Kivipelto M, Knapp M, Mangialasche F, Melis R, Nordberg A, Rikkert MO, Qiu C, Sakmar TP, Scheltens P, Schneider LS, Sperling R, Tjernberg LO, Waldemar G, Wimo A, Zetterberg H. Defeating Alzheimer's disease and other dementias: a priority for European science and society. Lancet Neurol 2016; 15:455-532. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(16)00062-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1001] [Impact Index Per Article: 125.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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142
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Potential contribution of the Alzheimer's disease risk locus BIN1 to episodic memory performance in cognitively normal Type 2 diabetes elderly. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:787-95. [PMID: 26947052 PMCID: PMC5753408 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, several promising susceptibility loci for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) were discovered, by implementing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) approach. Recent GWAS meta-analysis has demonstrated the association of 19 loci (in addition to the APOE locus) with AD in the European ancestry population at genome-wide significance level. Since Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a substantial risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia, the 19 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that represent the 19 AD loci were studied for association with performance in episodic memory, a primary cognitive domain affected by AD, in a sample of 848 cognitively normal elderly Israeli Jewish T2D patients. We found a suggestive association of SNP rs6733839, located near the bridging integrator 1 (BIN1) gene, with this phenotype. Controlling for demographic (age, sex, education, disease duration and ancestry) covariates, carriers of two copies of the AD risk allele T (TT genotype) performed significantly worse (p=0.00576; p=0.00127 among Ashkenazi origin sub-sample) in episodic memory compared to carriers of the C allele (CT+CC genotypes). When including additional potential covariates (clinical and APOE genotype), results remained significant (p=0.00769; p=0.00148 among Ashkenazi). Interestingly, as validated in multiple large studies, BIN1 is one of the most established AD risk loci, with a high odds ratio. Although preliminary and require further replications, our findings support a contribution of BIN1 to individual differences in episodic memory performance among T2D patients.
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Van den Bossche T, Sleegers K, Cuyvers E, Engelborghs S, Sieben A, De Roeck A, Van Cauwenberghe C, Vermeulen S, Van den Broeck M, Laureys A, Peeters K, Mattheijssens M, Vandenbulcke M, Vandenberghe R, Martin JJ, De Deyn PP, Cras P, Van Broeckhoven C. Phenotypic characteristics of Alzheimer patients carrying an ABCA7 mutation. Neurology 2016; 86:2126-33. [PMID: 27037232 PMCID: PMC4917260 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000002628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To generate a clinical and pathologic phenotype of patients carrying rare loss-of-function mutations in ABCA7, identified in a Belgian Alzheimer patient cohort and in an autosomal dominant family. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of available data records, medical records, results of CSF analyses and neuroimaging studies, and neuropathology data. Results: The mean onset age of the mutation carriers (n = 22) was 73.4 ± 8.4 years with a wide age range of 36 (54–90) years, which was independent of APOE genotype and cerebrovascular disease. The mean disease duration was 5.7 ± 3.0 years (range 2–12 years). A positive family history was recorded for 10 carriers (45.5%). All patient carriers except one presented with memory complaints. The 4 autopsied brains showed typical immunohistochemical changes of late-onset Alzheimer disease. Conclusions: All patients carrying a loss-of-function mutation in ABCA7 exhibited a classical Alzheimer disease phenotype, though with a striking wide onset age range, suggesting the influence of unknown modifying factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobi Van den Bossche
- From the Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group (T.V.d.B., K.S., E.C., A.S., A.D.R., C.V.C., S.V., M.V.d.B., A.L., K.P., M.M., C.V.B.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (T.V.d.B., K.S., E.C., S.E., A.S., A.D.R., C.V.C., S.V., M.V.d.B., A.L., K.P., M.M., J.-J.M., P.P.D.D., P.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (T.V.d.B., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (T.V.d.B., S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Netwerk Antwerp (ZNA), Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; Department of Neurosciences (M.V., R.V.), Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven; Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Memory Clinic (M.V.) and Department of Neurology (R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; and Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center (P.P.D.D.), University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- From the Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group (T.V.d.B., K.S., E.C., A.S., A.D.R., C.V.C., S.V., M.V.d.B., A.L., K.P., M.M., C.V.B.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (T.V.d.B., K.S., E.C., S.E., A.S., A.D.R., C.V.C., S.V., M.V.d.B., A.L., K.P., M.M., J.-J.M., P.P.D.D., P.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (T.V.d.B., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (T.V.d.B., S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Netwerk Antwerp (ZNA), Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; Department of Neurosciences (M.V., R.V.), Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven; Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Memory Clinic (M.V.) and Department of Neurology (R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; and Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center (P.P.D.D.), University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Elise Cuyvers
- From the Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group (T.V.d.B., K.S., E.C., A.S., A.D.R., C.V.C., S.V., M.V.d.B., A.L., K.P., M.M., C.V.B.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (T.V.d.B., K.S., E.C., S.E., A.S., A.D.R., C.V.C., S.V., M.V.d.B., A.L., K.P., M.M., J.-J.M., P.P.D.D., P.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (T.V.d.B., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (T.V.d.B., S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Netwerk Antwerp (ZNA), Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; Department of Neurosciences (M.V., R.V.), Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven; Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Memory Clinic (M.V.) and Department of Neurology (R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; and Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center (P.P.D.D.), University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- From the Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group (T.V.d.B., K.S., E.C., A.S., A.D.R., C.V.C., S.V., M.V.d.B., A.L., K.P., M.M., C.V.B.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (T.V.d.B., K.S., E.C., S.E., A.S., A.D.R., C.V.C., S.V., M.V.d.B., A.L., K.P., M.M., J.-J.M., P.P.D.D., P.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (T.V.d.B., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (T.V.d.B., S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Netwerk Antwerp (ZNA), Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; Department of Neurosciences (M.V., R.V.), Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven; Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Memory Clinic (M.V.) and Department of Neurology (R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; and Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center (P.P.D.D.), University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Sieben
- From the Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group (T.V.d.B., K.S., E.C., A.S., A.D.R., C.V.C., S.V., M.V.d.B., A.L., K.P., M.M., C.V.B.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (T.V.d.B., K.S., E.C., S.E., A.S., A.D.R., C.V.C., S.V., M.V.d.B., A.L., K.P., M.M., J.-J.M., P.P.D.D., P.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (T.V.d.B., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (T.V.d.B., S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Netwerk Antwerp (ZNA), Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; Department of Neurosciences (M.V., R.V.), Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven; Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Memory Clinic (M.V.) and Department of Neurology (R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; and Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center (P.P.D.D.), University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arne De Roeck
- From the Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group (T.V.d.B., K.S., E.C., A.S., A.D.R., C.V.C., S.V., M.V.d.B., A.L., K.P., M.M., C.V.B.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (T.V.d.B., K.S., E.C., S.E., A.S., A.D.R., C.V.C., S.V., M.V.d.B., A.L., K.P., M.M., J.-J.M., P.P.D.D., P.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (T.V.d.B., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (T.V.d.B., S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Netwerk Antwerp (ZNA), Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; Department of Neurosciences (M.V., R.V.), Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven; Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Memory Clinic (M.V.) and Department of Neurology (R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; and Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center (P.P.D.D.), University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline Van Cauwenberghe
- From the Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group (T.V.d.B., K.S., E.C., A.S., A.D.R., C.V.C., S.V., M.V.d.B., A.L., K.P., M.M., C.V.B.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (T.V.d.B., K.S., E.C., S.E., A.S., A.D.R., C.V.C., S.V., M.V.d.B., A.L., K.P., M.M., J.-J.M., P.P.D.D., P.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (T.V.d.B., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (T.V.d.B., S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Netwerk Antwerp (ZNA), Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; Department of Neurosciences (M.V., R.V.), Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven; Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Memory Clinic (M.V.) and Department of Neurology (R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; and Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center (P.P.D.D.), University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Steven Vermeulen
- From the Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group (T.V.d.B., K.S., E.C., A.S., A.D.R., C.V.C., S.V., M.V.d.B., A.L., K.P., M.M., C.V.B.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (T.V.d.B., K.S., E.C., S.E., A.S., A.D.R., C.V.C., S.V., M.V.d.B., A.L., K.P., M.M., J.-J.M., P.P.D.D., P.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (T.V.d.B., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (T.V.d.B., S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Netwerk Antwerp (ZNA), Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; Department of Neurosciences (M.V., R.V.), Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven; Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Memory Clinic (M.V.) and Department of Neurology (R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; and Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center (P.P.D.D.), University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marleen Van den Broeck
- From the Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group (T.V.d.B., K.S., E.C., A.S., A.D.R., C.V.C., S.V., M.V.d.B., A.L., K.P., M.M., C.V.B.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (T.V.d.B., K.S., E.C., S.E., A.S., A.D.R., C.V.C., S.V., M.V.d.B., A.L., K.P., M.M., J.-J.M., P.P.D.D., P.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (T.V.d.B., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (T.V.d.B., S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Netwerk Antwerp (ZNA), Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; Department of Neurosciences (M.V., R.V.), Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven; Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Memory Clinic (M.V.) and Department of Neurology (R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; and Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center (P.P.D.D.), University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Annelies Laureys
- From the Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group (T.V.d.B., K.S., E.C., A.S., A.D.R., C.V.C., S.V., M.V.d.B., A.L., K.P., M.M., C.V.B.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (T.V.d.B., K.S., E.C., S.E., A.S., A.D.R., C.V.C., S.V., M.V.d.B., A.L., K.P., M.M., J.-J.M., P.P.D.D., P.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (T.V.d.B., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (T.V.d.B., S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Netwerk Antwerp (ZNA), Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; Department of Neurosciences (M.V., R.V.), Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven; Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Memory Clinic (M.V.) and Department of Neurology (R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; and Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center (P.P.D.D.), University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Karin Peeters
- From the Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group (T.V.d.B., K.S., E.C., A.S., A.D.R., C.V.C., S.V., M.V.d.B., A.L., K.P., M.M., C.V.B.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (T.V.d.B., K.S., E.C., S.E., A.S., A.D.R., C.V.C., S.V., M.V.d.B., A.L., K.P., M.M., J.-J.M., P.P.D.D., P.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (T.V.d.B., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (T.V.d.B., S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Netwerk Antwerp (ZNA), Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; Department of Neurosciences (M.V., R.V.), Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven; Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Memory Clinic (M.V.) and Department of Neurology (R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; and Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center (P.P.D.D.), University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Mattheijssens
- From the Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group (T.V.d.B., K.S., E.C., A.S., A.D.R., C.V.C., S.V., M.V.d.B., A.L., K.P., M.M., C.V.B.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (T.V.d.B., K.S., E.C., S.E., A.S., A.D.R., C.V.C., S.V., M.V.d.B., A.L., K.P., M.M., J.-J.M., P.P.D.D., P.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (T.V.d.B., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (T.V.d.B., S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Netwerk Antwerp (ZNA), Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; Department of Neurosciences (M.V., R.V.), Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven; Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Memory Clinic (M.V.) and Department of Neurology (R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; and Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center (P.P.D.D.), University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Vandenbulcke
- From the Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group (T.V.d.B., K.S., E.C., A.S., A.D.R., C.V.C., S.V., M.V.d.B., A.L., K.P., M.M., C.V.B.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (T.V.d.B., K.S., E.C., S.E., A.S., A.D.R., C.V.C., S.V., M.V.d.B., A.L., K.P., M.M., J.-J.M., P.P.D.D., P.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (T.V.d.B., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (T.V.d.B., S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Netwerk Antwerp (ZNA), Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; Department of Neurosciences (M.V., R.V.), Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven; Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Memory Clinic (M.V.) and Department of Neurology (R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; and Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center (P.P.D.D.), University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- From the Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group (T.V.d.B., K.S., E.C., A.S., A.D.R., C.V.C., S.V., M.V.d.B., A.L., K.P., M.M., C.V.B.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (T.V.d.B., K.S., E.C., S.E., A.S., A.D.R., C.V.C., S.V., M.V.d.B., A.L., K.P., M.M., J.-J.M., P.P.D.D., P.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (T.V.d.B., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (T.V.d.B., S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Netwerk Antwerp (ZNA), Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; Department of Neurosciences (M.V., R.V.), Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven; Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Memory Clinic (M.V.) and Department of Neurology (R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; and Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center (P.P.D.D.), University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Jacques Martin
- From the Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group (T.V.d.B., K.S., E.C., A.S., A.D.R., C.V.C., S.V., M.V.d.B., A.L., K.P., M.M., C.V.B.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (T.V.d.B., K.S., E.C., S.E., A.S., A.D.R., C.V.C., S.V., M.V.d.B., A.L., K.P., M.M., J.-J.M., P.P.D.D., P.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (T.V.d.B., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (T.V.d.B., S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Netwerk Antwerp (ZNA), Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; Department of Neurosciences (M.V., R.V.), Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven; Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Memory Clinic (M.V.) and Department of Neurology (R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; and Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center (P.P.D.D.), University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter P De Deyn
- From the Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group (T.V.d.B., K.S., E.C., A.S., A.D.R., C.V.C., S.V., M.V.d.B., A.L., K.P., M.M., C.V.B.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (T.V.d.B., K.S., E.C., S.E., A.S., A.D.R., C.V.C., S.V., M.V.d.B., A.L., K.P., M.M., J.-J.M., P.P.D.D., P.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (T.V.d.B., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (T.V.d.B., S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Netwerk Antwerp (ZNA), Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; Department of Neurosciences (M.V., R.V.), Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven; Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Memory Clinic (M.V.) and Department of Neurology (R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; and Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center (P.P.D.D.), University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Cras
- From the Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group (T.V.d.B., K.S., E.C., A.S., A.D.R., C.V.C., S.V., M.V.d.B., A.L., K.P., M.M., C.V.B.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (T.V.d.B., K.S., E.C., S.E., A.S., A.D.R., C.V.C., S.V., M.V.d.B., A.L., K.P., M.M., J.-J.M., P.P.D.D., P.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (T.V.d.B., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (T.V.d.B., S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Netwerk Antwerp (ZNA), Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; Department of Neurosciences (M.V., R.V.), Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven; Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Memory Clinic (M.V.) and Department of Neurology (R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; and Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center (P.P.D.D.), University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
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Redox Imbalance and Viral Infections in Neurodegenerative Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:6547248. [PMID: 27110325 PMCID: PMC4826696 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6547248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential molecules for many physiological functions and act as second messengers in a large variety of tissues. An imbalance in the production and elimination of ROS is associated with human diseases including neurodegenerative disorders. In the last years the notion that neurodegenerative diseases are accompanied by chronic viral infections, which may result in an increase of neurodegenerative diseases progression, emerged. It is known in literature that enhanced viral infection risk, observed during neurodegeneration, is partly due to the increase of ROS accumulation in brain cells. However, the molecular mechanisms of viral infection, occurring during the progression of neurodegeneration, remain unclear. In this review, we discuss the recent knowledge regarding the role of influenza, herpes simplex virus type-1, and retroviruses infection in ROS/RNS-mediated Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
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Cacace R, Sleegers K, Van Broeckhoven C. Molecular genetics of early-onset Alzheimer's disease revisited. Alzheimers Dement 2016; 12:733-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Cacace
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases group; Department of Molecular Genetics; VIB; Antwerp Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics; Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Antwerp Belgium
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases group; Department of Molecular Genetics; VIB; Antwerp Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics; Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Antwerp Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases group; Department of Molecular Genetics; VIB; Antwerp Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics; Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Antwerp Belgium
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146
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Astrocytes: a central element in neurological diseases. Acta Neuropathol 2016; 131:323-45. [PMID: 26671410 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-015-1513-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 531] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The neurone-centred view of the past disregarded or downplayed the role of astroglia as a primary component in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases. As this concept is changing, so is also the perceived role of astrocytes in the healthy and diseased brain and spinal cord. We have started to unravel the different signalling mechanisms that trigger specific molecular, morphological and functional changes in reactive astrocytes that are critical for repairing tissue and maintaining function in CNS pathologies, such as neurotrauma, stroke, or neurodegenerative diseases. An increasing body of evidence shows that the effects of astrogliosis on the neural tissue and its functions are not uniform or stereotypic, but vary in a context-specific manner from astrogliosis being an adaptive beneficial response under some circumstances to a maladaptive and deleterious process in another context. There is a growing support for the concept of astrocytopathies in which the disruption of normal astrocyte functions, astrodegeneration or dysfunctional/maladaptive astrogliosis are the primary cause or the main factor in neurological dysfunction and disease. This review describes the multiple roles of astrocytes in the healthy CNS, discusses the diversity of astroglial responses in neurological disorders and argues that targeting astrocytes may represent an effective therapeutic strategy for Alexander disease, neurotrauma, stroke, epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease as well as other neurodegenerative diseases.
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147
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Hayama T, Murakami K, Watanabe T, Maeda R, Kamata M, Kondo S. Single administration of a novel γ-secretase modulator ameliorates cognitive dysfunction in aged C57BL/6J mice. Brain Res 2016; 1633:52-61. [PMID: 26707406 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in presenilin 1 (PS1) and presenilin 2 (PS2) are known to cause early onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). These proteins comprise the catalytic domain of γ-secretase, which catalyzes the cleavage of β-amyloid (Aβ) from amyloid precursor protein (APP). In recent reports, PS1 and PS2 were linked to the modulation of intracellular calcium ion (Ca(2+)) dynamics, a key regulator of synaptic function. Ca(2+) dysregulation and synaptic dysfunction are leading hypothesis of cognitive dysfunctions during aging and AD progression. Accordingly, manipulations of presenilins by small molecules may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction. In an accompanying report, we showed that chronic treatment with compound-1, a novel γ-secretase modulator (GSM), reduced Aβ production and ameliorated cognitive dysfunction in Tg2576 APP transgenic mice. Accordingly, in the present study we showed that single oral administration of compound-1 at 1 and 3mg/kg ameliorated cognitive dysfunction in aged non-transgenic mice. Moreover, compound-1 enhanced synaptic plasticity in hippocampal slices from aged C57BL/6J mice and increased messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of the immediate early gene c-fos, which has been shown to be related to synaptic plasticity in vivo. Finally, compound-1 modulated Ca(2+) signals through PS1 in mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. Taken together, compound-1 ameliorates both Aβ pathology and age-related cognitive dysfunctions. Hence, compound-1 may have potential as an early intervention for the cognitive declines that are commonly diagnosed in aged subjects, such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and prodromal AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Hayama
- CNS Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Koji Murakami
- CNS Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tomomichi Watanabe
- CNS Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Ryota Maeda
- CNS Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Makoto Kamata
- CNS Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kondo
- CNS Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
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148
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Xu HM, Tan L, Wan Y, Tan MS, Zhang W, Zheng ZJ, Kong LL, Wang ZX, Jiang T, Tan L, Yu JT. PGRN Is Associated with Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease: a Case-Control Replication Study and Meta-analysis. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:1187-1195. [PMID: 26820675 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9698-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Progranulin (PGRN) plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) through participating in altering neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival. Previous studies identified that rs5848 in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the PGRN gene (GRN) is strongly associated with AD in Caucasians. In order to assess the involvement of the GRN polymorphism in the risk of late-onset AD (LOAD), we analyzed the genotype and allele distributions of rs5848 in 2350 Han Chinese subjects (AD, 992; control, 1358). The minor T allele of rs5848 was significantly associated with an increased risk of LOAD (P = 0.005, odds ratio (OR) = 1.197, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.057-1.355). Moreover, the association was further validated in the multivariate logistic regression analysis (dominant model: OR = 1.195, P = 0.038, recessive model: OR = 1.386, P = 0.025; additive model: OR = 1.187, P = 0.009). Interestingly, we observed that the interaction between apolipoprotein E (APOE) and rs5848 significantly altered the risk for AD. The rs5848 polymorphism was only significantly associated with LOAD in APOE ε4 allele carriers. Then we included five studies (including the present study) and conducted a meta-analysis which consisted of 3236 cases (male, 1152; female, 2084) and 3405 (male, 1436; female, 1969) controls. The result of the meta-analysis supported T allele of rs5848 within GRN as a risk factor for AD. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that rs5848 polymorphism within GRN was associated with LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Xu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Taishan Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Tan
- College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yu Wan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China
| | - Meng-Shan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhan-Jie Zheng
- Department of Geriatric, Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, 266034, China
| | - Ling-Li Kong
- Department of Geriatric, Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, 266034, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China
| | - Teng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Taishan Medical University, Qingdao, China.
- College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China.
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China.
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China.
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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149
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Astrogliosis: An integral player in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 144:121-41. [PMID: 26797041 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the main cause of dementia in the elderly and begins with a subtle decline in episodic memory followed by a more general decline in overall cognitive abilities. Though the exact trigger for this cascade of events remains unknown the presence of the misfolded amyloid-beta protein triggers reactive gliosis, a prominent neuropathological feature in the brains of Alzheimer's patients. The cytoskeletal and morphological changes of astrogliosis are its evident features, while changes in oxidative stress defense, cholesterol metabolism, and gene transcription programs are less manifest. However, these latter molecular changes may underlie a disruption in homeostatic regulation that keeps the brain environment balanced. Astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease show changes in glutamate and GABA signaling and recycling, potassium buffering, and in cholinergic, purinergic, and calcium signaling. Ultimately the dysregulation of homeostasis maintained by astrocytes can have grave consequences for the stability of microcircuits within key brain regions. Specifically, altered inhibition influenced by astrocytes can lead to local circuit imbalance with farther reaching consequences for the functioning of larger neuronal networks. Healthy astrocytes have a role in maintaining and modulating normal neuronal communication, synaptic physiology and energy metabolism, astrogliosis interferes with these functions. This review considers the molecular and functional changes occurring during astrogliosis in Alzheimer's disease, and proposes that astrocytes are key players in the development of dementia.
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150
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Abstract
For the first time in the history of human genetics research, it is now both technically feasible and economically affordable to screen individual genomes for novel disease-causing mutations at base-pair resolution using "next-generation sequencing" (NGS). One popular aim in many of today's NGS studies is genome resequencing (in part or whole) to identify DNA variants potentially accounting for the "missing heritability" problem observed in many genetically complex traits. Thus far, only relatively few projects have applied these powerful new technologies to search for novel Alzheimer's disease (AD) related sequence variants. In this review, I summarize the findings from the first NGS-based resequencing studies in AD and discuss their potential implications and limitations. Notable recent discoveries using NGS include the identification of rare susceptibility modifying alleles in APP, TREM2, and PLD3. Several other large-scale NGS projects are currently underway so that additional discoveries can be expected over the coming years.
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