101
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Knaack JS, Zhou Y, Abney CW, Jacob JT, Prezioso SM, Hardy K, Lemire SW, Thomas J, Johnson RC. A High-Throughput Diagnostic Method for Measuring Human Exposure to Organophosphorus Nerve Agents. Anal Chem 2012; 84:9470-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac302301w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S. Knaack
- Emergency Response
and Air Toxicants Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway,
MS F44, Chamblee, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Yingtao Zhou
- Emergency Response
and Air Toxicants Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway,
MS F44, Chamblee, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Carter W. Abney
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Fellow at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, MS F44, Chamblee,
Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Justin T. Jacob
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Fellow at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, MS F44, Chamblee,
Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Samantha M. Prezioso
- IHRC, Inc., Contractor at the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention, 2
Ravinia Drive, Suite 1260, Atlanta, Georgia 30346, United States
| | - Katelyn Hardy
- Emergency Response
and Air Toxicants Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway,
MS F44, Chamblee, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Sharon W. Lemire
- Emergency Response
and Air Toxicants Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway,
MS F44, Chamblee, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Jerry Thomas
- Emergency Response
and Air Toxicants Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway,
MS F44, Chamblee, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Rudolph C. Johnson
- Emergency Response
and Air Toxicants Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway,
MS F44, Chamblee, Georgia 30341, United States
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102
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Schopfer LM, Lockridge O. Analytical approaches for monitoring exposure to organophosphorus and carbamate agents through analysis of protein adducts. Drug Test Anal 2012; 4:246-61. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Oksana Lockridge
- Eppley Institute; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha; NE
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103
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Aryal UK, Lin CT, Kim JS, Heibeck TH, Wang J, Qian WJ, Lin Y. Identification of phosphorylated butyrylcholinesterase in human plasma using immunoaffinity purification and mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 723:68-75. [PMID: 22444575 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Paraoxon (diethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphate) is an active metabolite of the common insecticide parathion and is acutely toxic due to the inhibition of cholinesterase (ChE) activity in the nervous systems. The inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity by paraoxon is due to the formation of phosphorylated BChE adduct, and the detection of the phosphorylated BChE adduct in human plasma can serve as an exposure biomarker of organophosphate pesticides and nerve agents. In this study, we developed an immunoaffinity purification and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) strategy for identifying phosphorylated BChE in human plasma treated by paraoxon. BChE was captured by biotinylated anti-BChE polyclonal antibodies conjugated to streptavidin magnetic beads. Western blot analysis showed that the antibody was effective to recognize both native and modified BChE with high specificity. Using a purified BChE protein, we initially identified the exact phosphorylation site on the serine residue (S198) with a 108 Da modification by both MS/MS and accurately measured parent ion masses and quantified the extent of phosphorylation on S198 following paraoxon treatment to be >99.9%. Then, the phosphorylated BChE peptide in paraoxon-treated human plasma following immunoaffinity purification was successfully identified based on the accurate measured mass and retention time information initially obtained from the purified BChE protein. Thus, immunoaffinity purification combined with LC-MS represents a viable approach for the detection and quantification of phosphorylated BChE as an exposure biomarker of organophosphates and nerve agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma K Aryal
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
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104
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Du D, Wang J, Wang L, Lu D, Lin Y. Integrated Lateral Flow Test Strip with Electrochemical Sensor for Quantification of Phosphorylated Cholinesterase: Biomarker of Exposure to Organophosphorus Agents. Anal Chem 2012; 84:1380-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ac202391w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Du
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide
and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United
States
| | - Jun Wang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United
States
| | - Limin Wang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United
States
| | - Donglai Lu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United
States
| | - Yuehe Lin
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United
States
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105
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Liyasova M, Li B, Schopfer LM, Nachon F, Masson P, Furlong CE, Lockridge O. Exposure to tri-o-cresyl phosphate detected in jet airplane passengers. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 256:337-47. [PMID: 21723309 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aircraft cabin and flight deck ventilation are supplied from partially compressed unfiltered bleed air directly from the engine. Worn or defective engine seals can result in the release of engine oil into the cabin air supply. Aircrew and passengers have complained of illness following such "fume events". Adverse health effects are hypothesized to result from exposure to tricresyl phosphate mixed esters, a chemical added to jet engine oil and hydraulic fluid for its anti-wear properties. Our goal was to develop a laboratory test for exposure to tricresyl phosphate. The assay was based on the fact that the active-site serine of butyrylcholinesterase reacts with the active metabolite of tri-o-cresyl phosphate, cresyl saligenin phosphate, to make a stable phosphorylated adduct with an added mass of 80 Da. No other organophosphorus agent makes this adduct in vivo on butyrylcholinesterase. Blood samples from jet airplane passengers were obtained 24-48 h after completing a flight. Butyrylcholinesterase was partially purified from 25 ml serum or plasma, digested with pepsin, enriched for phosphorylated peptides by binding to titanium oxide, and analyzed by mass spectrometry. Of 12 jet airplane passengers tested, 6 were positive for exposure to tri-o-cresyl phosphate that is, they had detectable amounts of the phosphorylated peptide FGEpSAGAAS. The level of exposure was very low. No more than 0.05 to 3% of plasma butyrylcholinesterase was modified. None of the subjects had toxic symptoms. Four of the positive subjects were retested 3 to 7 months following their last airplane trip and were found to be negative for phosphorylated butyrylcholinesterase. In conclusion, this is the first report of an assay that detects exposure to tri-o-cresyl phosphate in jet airplane travelers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Liyasova
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA.
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106
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Du D, Wang J, Wang L, Lu D, Smith JN, Timchalk C, Lin Y. Magnetic Electrochemical Sensing Platform for Biomonitoring of Exposure to Organophosphorus Pesticides and Nerve Agents Based on Simultaneous Measurement of Total Enzyme Amount and Enzyme Activity. Anal Chem 2011; 83:3770-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac200217d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Du
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jun Wang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Limin Wang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Donglai Lu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jordan N. Smith
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Charles Timchalk
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Yuehe Lin
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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