101
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Beck A, Wagner-Rousset E, Ayoub D, Van Dorsselaer A, Sanglier-Cianférani S. Characterization of Therapeutic Antibodies and Related Products. Anal Chem 2012; 85:715-36. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3032355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Beck
- Centre d’Immunologie Pierre Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois,
France
| | - Elsa Wagner-Rousset
- Centre d’Immunologie Pierre Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois,
France
| | - Daniel Ayoub
- Centre d’Immunologie Pierre Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois,
France
| | - Alain Van Dorsselaer
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie
de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Université de Strasbourg, IPHC, 25 rue Becquerel 67087, Strasbourg, France and CNRS, UMR7178, 67037 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sarah Sanglier-Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie
de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Université de Strasbourg, IPHC, 25 rue Becquerel 67087, Strasbourg, France and CNRS, UMR7178, 67037 Strasbourg, France
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102
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Lazar IM, Lee W, Lazar AC. Glycoproteomics on the rise: established methods, advanced techniques, sophisticated biological applications. Electrophoresis 2012; 34:113-25. [PMID: 23161435 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Revised: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is the most complex form of protein PTMs. Affected proteins may carry dozens of glycosylation sites with tens to hundreds of glycan residues attached to every site. Glycosylated proteins have many important functions in biology, from cellular to organismal levels, being involved in cell-cell signaling, cell adhesion, immune response, host-pathogen interactions, and development and growth. Glycosylation, however, expands the biological functional diversity of proteins at the expense of a tremendous increase in structural heterogeneity. Aberrant glycosylation of cell surface proteins, as well as their detectable fingerprint in plasma samples, has been associated with cancer, inflammatory and degenerative diseases, and congenital disorders of glycosylation. Therefore, there are on-going efforts directed toward developing new technologies and approaches for glycan sequencing and high-throughput analysis of glycosylated proteins in complex samples with simultaneous characterization of both the protein and glycan moieties. This work is aimed primarily at pinpointing the challenges associated with the large-scale analysis of glycoproteins and the latest developments in glycoproteomic research, with focus on recent advancements (2011-2012) in microcolumn separations and MS detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia M Lazar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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103
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Abstract
Peptide and protein characterization by mass spectrometry (MS) relies on their dissociation in the gas phase into specific fragments whose mass values can be aligned as 'mass ladders' to provide sequence information and to localize possible post-translational modifications. The most common dissociation method involves slow heating of even-electron (M+nH) n+ ions from electrospray ionization by energetic collisions with inert gas, and cleavage of amide backbone bonds. More recently, dissociation methods based on electron capture or transfer were found to provide far more extensive sequence coverage through unselective cleavage of backbone N-Cα bonds. As another important feature of electron capture dissociation (ECD) and electron transfer dissociation (ETD), their unique unimolecular radical ion chemistry generally preserves labile posttranslational modifications such as glycosylation and phosphorylation. Moreover, it was postulated that disulfide bond cleavage is preferred over backbone cleavage, and that capture of a single electron can break both a backbone and a disulfide bond, or even two disulfide bonds between two peptide chains. However, the proposal of preferential disulfide bond cleavage in ECD or ETD has recently been debated. The experimental data presented here reveal that the mechanism of protein disulfide bond cleavage is much more intricate than previously anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ganisl
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck (Austria)
| | - Kathrin Breuker
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck (Austria)
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104
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Thompson NJ, Rosati S, Rose RJ, Heck AJR. The impact of mass spectrometry on the study of intact antibodies: from post-translational modifications to structural analysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012. [PMID: 23183499 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36755f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are important therapeutics, targeting a variety of diseases ranging from cancers to neurodegenerative disorders. In developmental stages and prior to clinical use, these molecules require thorough structural characterisation, but their large size and heterogeneity present challenges for most analytical techniques. Over the past 20 years, mass spectrometry (MS) has transformed from a tool for small molecule analysis to a technique that can be used to study large intact proteins and non-covalent protein complexes. Here, we review several MS-based techniques that have emerged for the analysis of intact mAbs and discuss the prospects of using these technologies for the analysis of biopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Thompson
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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105
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Coelho Graça D, Lescuyer P, Clerici L, Tsybin YO, Hartmer R, Meyer M, Samii K, Hochstrasser DF, Scherl A. Electron transfer dissociation mass spectrometry of hemoglobin on clinical samples. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2012; 23:1750-1756. [PMID: 22869297 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-012-0446-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A mass spectrometry-based assay combining the specificity of selected reaction monitoring and the protein ion activation capabilities of electron transfer dissociation was developed and employed for the rapid identification of hemoglobin variants from whole blood without previous proteolytic cleavage. The analysis was performed in a robust ion trap mass spectrometer operating at nominal mass accuracy and resolution. Subtle differences in globin sequences, resulting with mass shifts of about one Da, can be unambiguously identified. These results suggest that mass spectrometry analysis of entire proteins using electron transfer dissociation can be employed on clinical samples in a workflow compatible with diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didia Coelho Graça
- Biomedical Proteomics Research Group, Department of Human Protein Science, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Switzerland
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106
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Fornelli L, Damoc E, Thomas PM, Kelleher NL, Aizikov K, Denisov E, Makarov A, Tsybin YO. Analysis of intact monoclonal antibody IgG1 by electron transfer dissociation Orbitrap FTMS. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 11:1758-67. [PMID: 22964222 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.019620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary structural information of proteins employed as biotherapeutics is essential if one wishes to understand their structure-function relationship, as well as in the rational design of new therapeutics and for quality control. Given both the large size (around 150 kDa) and the structural complexity of intact immunoglobulin G (IgG), which includes a variable number of disulfide bridges, its extensive fragmentation and subsequent sequence determination by means of tandem mass spectrometry (MS) are challenging. Here, we applied electron transfer dissociation (ETD), implemented on a hybrid Orbitrap Fourier transform mass spectrometer (FTMS), to analyze a commercial recombinant IgG in a liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) top-down experiment. The lack of sensitivity typically observed during the top-down MS of large proteins was addressed by averaging time-domain transients recorded in different LC-MS/MS experiments before performing Fourier transform signal processing. The results demonstrate that an improved signal-to-noise ratio, along with the higher resolution and mass accuracy provided by Orbitrap FTMS (relative to previous applications of top-down ETD-based proteomics on IgG), is essential for comprehensive analysis. Specifically, ETD on Orbitrap FTMS produced about 33% sequence coverage of an intact IgG, signifying an almost 2-fold increase in IgG sequence coverage relative to prior ETD-based analysis of intact monoclonal antibodies of a similar subclass. These results suggest the potential application of the developed methodology to other classes of large proteins and biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fornelli
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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107
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Seyer A, Fenaille F, Féraudet-Tarisse C, Volland H, Popoff MR, Tabet JC, Junot C, Becher F. Rapid Quantification of Clostridial Epsilon Toxin in Complex Food and Biological Matrixes by Immunopurification and Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2012; 84:5103-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac300880x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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108
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Identification of human serum peptides in fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance precision profiles. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS 2012; 2012:804036. [PMID: 22685657 PMCID: PMC3364581 DOI: 10.1155/2012/804036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The continuous efforts to find new prognostic or diagnostic biomarkers have stimulated the use of mass spectrometry (MS) profiles in a clinical setting. In the early days (about one decade ago), a single low-resolution mass spectrum derived from an individual's body fluid was used for comparative studies. However, a peptide profile of a complex mixture is most informative when recorded on an ultrahigh resolution instrument such as a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer. In this study we show the benefits of the ultrahigh resolving power and the high mass accuracy and precision provided by an FTICR mass spectrometer equipped with a 15-tesla magnet. The ultrahigh-resolution data not only allow assignment of fragment ions with high charge states (4+, 5+) but also enhance confidence of human serum peptide identifications from tandem MS experiments. This is exemplified with collision-induced dissociation (CID) and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) data of middle-down-sized endogenous or protein-breakdown peptides that are of interest in biomarker discovery studies.
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109
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Beck A, Sanglier-Cianférani S, Van Dorsselaer A. Biosimilar, biobetter, and next generation antibody characterization by mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2012; 84:4637-46. [PMID: 22510259 DOI: 10.1021/ac3002885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This Feature will introduce the strategies of therapeutic antibodies (mAbs) in-depth characterization by mass spectrometry (MS) and discuss analytical comparison of biosimilar to originator mAbs, with the cases of trastuzumab and cetuximab. In addition, the structural and functional insights gained both by state-of-the art and emerging MS methods used for biobetters and next generation antibodies design and optimization will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Beck
- Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France.
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110
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Miladinović SM, Fornelli L, Lu Y, Piech KM, Girault HH, Tsybin YO. In-spray supercharging of peptides and proteins in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2012; 84:4647-51. [PMID: 22571167 DOI: 10.1021/ac300845n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced charging, or supercharging, of analytes in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS) facilitates high resolution MS by reducing an ion mass-to-charge (m/z) ratio, increasing tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) efficiency. ESI MS supercharging is usually achieved by adding a supercharging reagent to the electrospray solution. Addition of these supercharging reagents to the mobile phase in liquid chromatography (LC)-MS/MS increases the average charge of enzymatically derived peptides and improves peptide and protein identification in large-scale bottom-up proteomics applications but disrupts chromatographic separation. Here, we demonstrate the average charge state of selected peptides and proteins increases by introducing the supercharging reagents directly into the ESI Taylor cone (in-spray supercharging) using a dual-sprayer ESI microchip. The results are comparable to those obtained by the addition of supercharging reagents directly into the analyte solution or LC mobile phase. Therefore, supercharging reaction can be accomplished on a time-scale of ion liberation from a droplet in the ESI ion source.
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111
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Zhang Y, Cui W, Zhang H, Dewald HD, Chen H. Electrochemistry-assisted top-down characterization of disulfide-containing proteins. Anal Chem 2012; 84:3838-42. [PMID: 22448817 DOI: 10.1021/ac300106y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Covalent disulfide bond linkage in a protein represents an important challenge for mass spectrometry (MS)-based top-down protein structure analysis as it reduces the backbone cleavage efficiency for MS/MS dissociation. This study presents a strategy for solving this critical issue via integrating electrochemistry (EC) online with a top-down MS approach. In this approach, proteins undergo electrolytic reduction in an electrochemical cell to break disulfide bonds and then undergo online ionization into gaseous ions for analysis by electron-capture dissociation (ECD) and collision-induced dissociation (CID). The electrochemical reduction of proteins allows one to remove disulfide bond constraints and also leads to increased charge numbers of the resulting protein ions. As a result, sequence coverage was significantly enhanced, as exemplified by β-lactoglobulin A (24 vs 75 backbone cleavages before and after electrolytic reduction, respectively) and lysozyme (5 vs 66 backbone cleavages before and after electrolytic reduction, respectively). This methodology is fast and does not need chemical reductants, which would have an important impact in high-throughput proteomics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
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