Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Detection of Glucose Based on Palladium−Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Nanostructures

Fabrication of a sensitive amperometric sensor for NADH and H2O2 using palladium nanoparticles-multiwalled carbon nanotube nanohybrid

Palladium nanoparticles decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (PdNPs-MWCNTs) were synthesized and simply cast on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to prepare an amperometric sensor. The fabricated sensor (PdNPs-MWCNTs/GCE) showed excellent electrocatalytic activity towards NADH and H2O2 oxidation and H2O2 reduction. A fast, linear and highly sensitive response was observed for NADH in the concentration range between 0.1 and 200 μM with a detection limit (S/N=3) of 32 nM. Also, the sensor exhibited fast and sensitive responses (<2 s) towards H2O2. The sensitivity and detection limit for H2O2 at the operating potential of +0.35 V were 167 nA μM(-1)cm(-2) and 1.2 μM, respectively and better than those obtained at the operating potential of -0.25 V (68 nA μM(-1)cm(-2) and 14 μM). Moreover, further modification of the proposed sensor by glucose oxidase led to the fabrication of a glucose biosensor with satisfactory performance.

Hierarchical Cu/Cu(OH)2 nanorod arrays grown on Cu foam as a high-performance 3D self-supported electrode for enzyme-free glucose sensing

Hierarchical Cu/Cu(OH)₂ nanorod arrays grown on Cu foam (Cu/Cu(OH)₂ NRA/CF) were prepared via a three-step strategy involving the synthesis of Cu(OH)₂ NRA/CF, the preparation of Cu NRA/CF, and the growth of Cu(OH)₂ nanoparticles on Cu NRA/CF.

Fabrication of cuprous sulfide nanorods supported on copper foam for nonenzymatic amperometric determination of glucose and hydrogen peroxide

Cuprous sulfide nanothorns were fabricated on copper foam for nonenzymatic amperometric determination of glucose and hydrogen peroxide.

Nonenzymatic Glucose Biosensors Based on Silver Nanoparticles Deposited on TiO2Nanotubes

In the present research, a nonenzymatic glucose biosensor was fabricated by depositing Ag nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using in situ chemical reduction method on TiO2nanotubes which were synthesized by anodic oxidation process. The structure, morphology, and mechanical behaviors of electrode were examined by scanning electron microscopy and nanoindentation. It was found that Ag-NPs remained both inside and outside of TiO2nanotubes whose length and diameter were about 1.2 μm and 120 nm. The composition was constructed as an electrode of nonenzymatic biosensor for glucose oxidation. The electrocatalytic properties of the prepared electrodes for glucose oxidation were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CVs) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Compared with bare TiO2and Ag-fresh TiO2nanotube, Ag-TiO2/(500°C) nanotube exhibited the best electrochemical properties from cyclic voltammetry (CVs) results. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) results showed that, at +0.03 V, the sensitivity of the electrode to glucose oxidation was3.69 mA⁎cm-2⁎mM-1with a linear range from 20 mM to 190 mM and detection limit of 24 μM (signal-to-voice ratio of 3). In addition the nonenzymatic glucose sensors exhibited excellent selectivity, stability, and repeatability.

Microwave synthesis of 3D rambutan-like CuO and CuO/reduced graphene oxide modified electrodes for non-enzymatic glucose detection

Illustration of the glucose biosensing mechanism based on CuO/r-GO composites.

Pulse Laser Deposition Fabricating Gold Nanoclusters on a Glassy Carbon Surface for Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensing

A One-step technique for depositing gold nanoclusters (GNCs) onto the surface of a glassy carbon (GC) plate was developed by using pulse laser deposition (PLD) with appropriate process parameters. The method is simple and clean without using any templates, surfactants, or stabilizers. The experimental factors (pulse laser number and the pressure of inert gas (Ar)) that affect the morphology and structure of GNCs, and thus affect the electrocatalytic oxidation performance towards glucose were systematically investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electrochemical methods (cyclic voltammograms (CV) and chronoamperometry methods). The GC electrode modified by GNCs exhibited a rapid response time (about 2 s), a broad linear range (0.1 to 20 mM), and good stability. The sensitivity was estimated to be 31.18 μA cm(-2) mM(-1) (vs. geometric area), which is higher than that of the Au bulk electrode. It has a good resistance to the common interfering species, such as ascorbic acid (AA), uric acid (UA) and 4-acetaminophen (AP). Therefore, this work has demonstrated a simple and effective sensing platform for the nonenzymatic detection of glucose, and can be used as a new material for a novel non-enzymatic glucose sensor.

Carbon nanomaterial-based electrochemical biosensors: an overview

Carbon materials on the nanoscale exhibit diverse outstanding properties, rendering them extremely suitable for the fabrication of electrochemical biosensors. Over the past two decades, advances in this area have continuously emerged. In this review, we attempt to survey the recent developments of electrochemical biosensors based on six types of carbon nanomaterials (CNs), i.e., graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon dots, carbon nanofibers, nanodiamonds and buckminsterfullerene. For each material, representative samples are introduced to expound the different roles of the CNs in electrochemical bioanalytical strategies. In addition, remaining challenges and perspectives for future developments are also briefly discussed.

Amperometric hydrogen peroxide and glucose biosensor based on NiFe2/ordered mesoporous carbon nanocomposites

Well-dispersed NiFe₂ nanoparticles homogeneously embedded in OMC display high electrochemical biosensing performance for the amperometric detection of H₂O₂ and glucose.

Glucose sensing by a glassy carbon electrode modified with glucose oxidase and a magnetic polymeric nanocomposite

Glucose sensing by using of glucose oxidase and a biocompatible poly(p-phenylenediamine)-based nanocomposite.

Implantable nonenzymatic glucose/O2 micro film fuel cells assembled with hierarchical AuZn electrodes

A glucose/O₂ micro film fuel cell based on a polymer/AuZn bimetal dendrite was employed as a power source implanted into a living rat.

Freestanding Cu nanowire arrays on Ti/Cr/Si substrate as tough nonenzymatic glucose sensors

A tough, reusable and reproducible nonenzymatic sensor based on Cu nanowire arrays for glucose detection.

The simultaneous determination of omethoate and dichlorvos pesticides in grain samples using a palladium and graphene composite modified glassy carbon electrode

An electrochemical sensor based on a palladium (Pd) and graphene (Gr) composite modified GCE was fabricated, characterised and used for the simultaneous determination of OMT and DCV in grain samples.

Highly sensitive determination of reduced glutathione based on a cobalt nanoparticle implanted-modified indium tin oxide electrode

Cobalt nanoparticle modified indium tin oxide (CoNP/ITO) electrodes fabricated by ion implantation were applied for the detection of reduced glutathione (GSH).

Leaf-templated synthesis of 3D hierarchical porous cobalt oxide nanostructure as direct electrochemical biosensing interface with enhanced electrocatalysis

A novel three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical porous cobalt oxide (Co3O4) architecture was first synthesized through a simple, cost-effective and environmentally friendly leaf-templated strategy. The Co3O4 nanoparticles (30-100 nm) with irregular shapes were interconnected with each other to form a 3D multilayer porous network structure, which provided high specific surface area and numerous electrocatalytic active sites. Subsequently, Co3O4 was successfully utilized as direct electrochemical sensing interface for non-enzymatic detection of H2O2 and glucose. By using chronoamperometry, the current response of the sensor at +0.31 V was linear with H2O2 concentration within 0.4-200 μM with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.24 μM (S/N=3) and a high sensitivity of 389.7 μA mM(-1) cm(-2). Two linear ranges of 1-300 μM (with LOD of 0.1 μM and sensitivity of 471.5 μA mM(-1) cm(-2)) and 4-12.5 mM were found at +0.59 V for glucose. In addition, the as-prepared sensor showed excellent stability and anti-interference performance for possible interferents such as ascorbic acid, uric acid, dopamine, acetaminophen and especially 0.15 M chloride ions. Similarly, other various metal oxide nanostructures may be also prepared using this similar strategy for possible applications in catalysis, electrochemical sensors, and fuel cells.